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importance of self and fulfillment of potential

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Personality = how you feel about yourself, how you are meeting your goals

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Free will Self-awareness Psychological growth Focus on healthy personality Individuals conscious, subjective opinion of self is most important

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sense of being loved and valued by other people--can be conditional or unconditional

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I love you when you are doing what I approve of- if not, I will withdraw my love...

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I love you no matter what you say or do I still might be mad, but you know I love you- you can tell me anything

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Food, Water, Oxygen, Etc Economic and Physical security (Health and Job) Self-Esteem, Confidence and Respect Significant Other, Family and Friends Morality, Lack of Prejudice

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Difficult to test or validate scientifically Too optimistic, minimizes some of the more destructive aspects of human nature

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understanding personality involves considering the situation and thoughts before, during, and after an event

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Belief that people have about their ability to meet demands of a specific situation (successful or not)

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May not reflect the complexity of human interactions Ignores the influences of unconscious, emotions, and conflicts

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Description and measurement of personality differences

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A relatively stable predisposition to behave in a certain way

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The Five-Factor Model of Personality

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Doesnt explain why & how of personality (description only) Doesnt address how motives, unconscious, or beliefs about self affect personality development

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Test is useful if it achieves two basic goals: Accurately and consistently reflects a persons characteristics Predicts future psychological functioning or behavior

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Standardized questions about your own behavior and feelings The answers are then compared to established norms...

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Most widely used self-report inventory Originally designed to assess mental health and detect psychological symptoms

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Has over 500 true/false questions Includes lying scales...why??

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Standardizedeach person receives same instructions and responds to same questions Use of established norms: very objective!

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Evidence that people can fake responses to look better (or worse) Tests contain hundreds of items and become tedious People may not be good judges of their own behavior

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Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) what is going on in the picture? what has happened just before the event depicted? what will happen next?

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Personality tests that provide ambiguous stimuli to trigger projection of ones inner thoughts and feelings

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Rorschach Inkblot Test A set of 10 inkblots, without no discernible patterns or images, are presented to a patient. Subjects identify what they think the inkblot looks like, and researchers interpret those identifications as personality characteristics.

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uses real pictures of objects or people participant is asked to say what is going on in the picture, what has happened just before the event depicted and what will happen afterwards. Like the inkblot, because the scene is ambiguous, the individual will project onto the scene something of themself and in this way their 'inner' or hidden self will be revealed. The validity of projective tests is very difficult to assess and therefore they must be used with extreme caution.

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what is going on in the picture? what has happened just before the event depicted? what will happen next? Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

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