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Importance of Arc Flash Analysis(“Arc Flash Loss Prevention”)
Provides minimum requirements to prevent hazardous electrical exposures to personnel and ensure compliance with regulatory requirements applicable to electrical systems
Regulatory Requirements (elements necessary for Worker
Safety)
OSHA = Shall Provide Worker Safety
NFPA 70E = How to provide Worker Safety
Employer Responsibility = Execution
• Focus on safety, promote training, use best practices
Electrical Hazards Consist of:
Electric Shock
Arc Flash
Arc Blast
Other Hazards
Electric Shock An electric shock occurs when electric current
passes through the body. This can happen when touching an energized part. If the electric current passes through the chest or head, death can result.
Effects of Electrical Current in the Human Body
Below 1 milliampere: - Generally not perceptible
1 milliampere: - Faint tingle
5 milliamperes: - Slight shock felt; not painful but disturbing. Average individual can let go. Strong involuntary reactions can lead to other injuries.
6–25 milliamperes (women): - Painful shock, loss of muscular control*
9–30 milliamperes (men): - The freezing current or " let-go" range.* Individual cannot let go, but can be thrown away from the circuit if extensor muscles are stimulated.
50–150 milliamperes: - Extreme pain, respiratory arrest, severe muscular contractions. Death is possible.
1,000–4,300 milliamperes: - Rhythmic pumping action of the heart ceases. Muscular contraction and nerve damage occur; death likely.
10,000 milliamperes: - Cardiac arrest, severe burns; death probable* If the extensor muscles are excited by the shock, the person may be thrown away from the power source.
Source: W.B. Kouwenhoven, " Human Safety and Electric Shock," Electrical Safety Practices, Monograph, 112, Instrument Society of America, p. 93. November 1968.
Arc Flash/Blast
An arc flash (also known as arc blast) is a sudden, explosive electrical arc that results from a short circuit through air. The air in the vicinity of an arc flash is heated to between 5,000 and 35,000 degrees in no more than 1/1000 of a second, becoming an electrically-conductive plasma. The sudden heating can cause a shock wave blast equivalent to several sticks of dynamite and carrying vaporized metal and shrapnel
Safe Work Practices
OSHA 1910.333
• Potential for shock or other injury
• Working on or near live exposed parts
• Practices must be consistent with the extent of the hazard
NFPA 70E 110.8
• Requires deenergizing
• Requires worker to be qualified
• Requires hazard analysis
• Electrical work permit
NFPA 70E Requirements for Working on or Near Live Parts
Perform Arc Flash Analysis
Select Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Complete Energized Electrical Work Permit
Complete Task Specific Training
Complete a job briefing session
Arc Flash Analysis
Establish Shock Protection Boundary
• (approach boundaries) – used to reduce shock hazard
Conduct Flash Hazard Analysis
Establish Flash Protection Boundary
• Used to reduce arc flash hazards and may reduce arc blast hazards
Select Personal Protective Equipment
Analysis per NFPA 70E requires update every 5yrs
Approach Boundary to Live Parts
Limited (42 in)
Restricted (12 in)
Prohibited (1 in)
Based on system voltage = 480VNFPA 70E, Annex C, Figure C.1.2.4
Flash Protection Boundaries (FPB)
Using NFPA 70E, the methods to determine FPB
• Defaults (i.e. tables)
• Perform Analysis that uses Calculation Methods
Levels of Exposure
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
PPE
Designed to protect specific areas of the body
• Eye Protection
• Neck, Face, Head, Chin
• Arm & Hand Protection
• Body Protection
• Leg & Foot Protection
PPE - Gloves
Voltage rated gloves are REQUIRED for all voltage testing above 50 volts
OSHA/NFPA 70EGeneral Industry Requirements
OSHA 1910.355(a)
• Employees exposed to potential electrical hazards shall use protective equipment that is appropriate for the specific areas of the body to be protected and for the work to be performed
NFPA 70E 130.7
• Provides standards for equipment
• Hazard Risk Table
• PPE Matrix
• Extensive detail for worker protection
Protective Equipment
OSHA Fines
For non-compliance, OSHA may audit a facility and issue fines
Most recently: U.S. Postal Service
$420,000 (pending) – single facility
A Facility’s Electrical System
A facility’s electrical system operates as a single, dynamic system. Its performance is dependent on the properties of each component and the loads connected to it.
Many facilities expand project by project using different design and construction teams. Even though each specific project may be well planned and designed, it’s often the case that the area of work specific to the project is limited to only a portion of the existing electrical distribution system.
In addition, due to the need for maintenance and emergency repairs, system components are often replaced with devices that are different than originally installed due to availability and cost.
Because of these occurrences, it’s common that no one has an overall and complete understanding of the entire electrical system.
Tools
Most firms that provide arc flash services utilize specially designed software for electrical system modeling in short circuit and arc flash studies.
• Such as SKM Power System Tools
Process/Approach to Complete a Study
As-built Documentation
• The usual starting point is to gather all existing drawings an Owner has and sort it by location and date. (One-Line Documentation)
Verification
• Survey each site and verify one-line documentation. Acquire missing info.
• PD types/sizes/settings, cable lengths, Xfmr impedance values
Loading
• Load the information into SKM and run Short Circuit, Coordination, Arc Flash
Ex: How to Initiate a Study“Large School System”
Herndon HS Pyramid
Langley HS Pyramid
McLean HS Pyramid
Aldrin ES Churchill Road ES
Chesterbrook ES
Armstrong ES Colvin Run ES
Franklin Sherman ES
Clearview ES Forestville ES Haycock ES
Dranesville ES
Great Falls ES
Kent Gardens ES
Herndon ES Spring Hill ES Timber Lane ES
Hutchison ES Cooper MS Longfellow MS
Herndon MS Langley HS McLean HS
Herndon HS
Herndon HS
Cluster Analysis Approach
(5) field survey teams composed of (2) people each assigned to various sites within a cluster. All survey is schedule/time dependent.
CLUSTER SITES PYRAMIDS TEAM EST. TIME (mo.)
C1 22 3 A 8 - 12
C2 28 3 B 10 - 12
C3 27 3 C 9 - 11
C4 28 3 D 10 - 12
C5 22 3 E 8 - 10
Following C1-C5
C6 22 3 A/E 5 - 7
C7 25 3 C 9 - 11
C8 25 3 B/D 6 -8
1ST Step - Collect Hard Copy Data
Existing Building Documents
-Electrical One-Line Diagrams
-Floor Plans
-Maintenance Documents
2nd Step - Field Survey
Types of Equipment Surveyed
Gathering of InformationDuring Survey Process
Protective Device Information
• Location, (Room/Panel/What’s it feeding?)
• Make, Model, Manufacture
• AIC and Trip Plug Rating
• Settings
3rd Step - Load the Data
Build SKM One-Line Diagrams for each site
• Verify accuracy of information
• Acquire Utility Company contribution information
Run/Review Short Circuit Calculations
• The maximum fault current can be calculated at each electrical buss in the system by knowing the properties of the power sources that will provide the current, and using the impedance values of the circuits that connect the busses
• Understanding the “Duty Rating” of the equipment by comparing the available fault current to the rating of the “protective device”
Build the Model in the SoftwareDominion Power
13800.0 VSC Contribution 3P 10000.0 AmpsSC Contribution SLG 1000.0 AmpsX/R 3P 8.000X/R SLG 8.000
C-UTILITY FEEDER2 -#500, 120ft
S
P T-UTILTIY FEEDER300.0 kVA13800/480V5.0 %Z
C-SWITCH BOARD-MAIN1 -#500, 30ft
PD-SWITCH BOARD-MAINSensor/Trip 800A/400A
SWITCH BOARD480.0 V
PD-PP1Sensor/Trip 250A/200A
C-PP11 -#2/0, 56ft
PD-PP1-MAINSensor/Trip 150A
PP1480.0 V
PD-AC/1Sensor/Trip 250A/100A
C-AC/1-DISC1 -#4, 20ft
PD-AC/1-DISCSensor/Trip 80A
AC/1-DISC480.0 V
C-AC/11 -#4, 20ft
M-AC/1 60.0 hp
PD-LPSensor/Trip 400A/300A
C-T-LP1 -#350, 40ft
PD-LP-MAINSensor/Trip 125A
C-LP1 -#2, 10ft
LP208.0 V
S
P T-LP45.0 kVA480/208V5.0 %Z
Run a Short Circuit Study
Compare
Protective Device Ratings Breakers/fuses Against the available
3-phase and SLG Fault currents.
Available Fault Current
Device Rating
Dominion Power3P Contribution 10000.0 AmpsSLG Cont ribut ion 1000.0 AmpsX/R 3P 8.000X/R SLG 8.000
C-UTILITY FEEDER
S
P T-UTILTIY FEEDER300.0 kVA13800/480V5.0 % Z
C-SWITCH BOARD-MAIN
PD-SWITCH BOARD-MAINRating 65kA
SWITCH BOARD7238 Amps 3P7034 Amps SLGPD-PP1
Rating 65kA
C-PP1
PD-PP1-MAINRating 25kA
PP16472 Amps 3P5916 Amps SLG
PD-AC/1Rating 65kA
C-AC/1-DISC
PD-AC/1-DISCRating 200kA
AC/1-DISC6731 Amps 3P6183 Amps SLG
C-AC/1
M-AC/160.0 hp72.4A
PD-LPRating 65kA
C-T-LP
PD-LP-MAINRating 30kA
C-LP
LP2111 Amps 3P2177 Amps SLG
S
P T-LP45.0 kVA480/208V5.0 % Z
Device Rating
Device Rating
Device Rating
Device Rating
Device Rating
Device Rating
Available Fault Current
Available Fault Current
Available Fault Current
Selective Coordination
In order to be assured that all over current protection devices are coordinated, it is necessary to look at the time vs. current characteristic of each device and compare it to the characteristics of any upstream devices.
Coordination Example Dominion Power
13800.0 VSC Contribution 3P 10000.0 AmpsSC Contribution SLG 1000.0 AmpsX/R 3P 8.000X/R SLG 8.000
C-UTILITY FEEDER2 -#500, 120ft
S
P T-UTILTIY FEEDER300.0 kVA13800/480V5.0 %Z
C-SWITCH BOARD-MAIN1 -#500, 30ft
PD-SWITCH BOARD-MAINSensor/Trip 800A/400A
SWITCH BOARD480.0 V
PD-PP1Sensor/Trip 250A/200A
C-PP11 -#2/0, 56ft
PD-PP1-MAINSensor/Trip 150A
PP1480.0 V
PD-AC/1Sensor/Trip 250A/100A
C-AC/1-DISC1 -#4, 20ft
PD-AC/1-DISCSensor/Trip 80A
AC/1-DISC480.0 V
C-AC/11 -#4, 20ft
M-AC/1 60.0 hp
PD-LPSensor/Trip 400A/300A
C-T-LP1 -#350, 40ft
PD-LP-MAINSensor/Trip 125A
C-LP1 -#2, 10ft
LP208.0 V
S
P T-LP45.0 kVA480/208V5.0 %Z
0.5 1 10 100 1K 10K 100K0.01
0.10
1
10
100
1000
CURRENT IN AMPERES
tcc1.tcc Ref. Voltage: 480V Current in Amps x 1
TIM
E IN
SE
CO
ND
S
PD-PP1-MAINSQUARE D KA KA Trip 70.0 ASettings Phase Thermal Curve INST LO (350A)
PD-SWITCH BOARD-MAINSQUARE D DS/DSL, Digitrip RMS 510/610/810/PowerLogic 810D DS-206E Trip 600.0 APlug 600.0 ASettings Phase LTPU (0.5-1.0 x P) 1 (600A) LTD (2-24 Sec.) 24 STPU (2-10 x LTPU) 2 (1200A) STD (0.1-0.5 Sec.) 0.1 (I^2t Out) INST (2-12 x P) M1 (4800A)
PD-PP1SQUARE D DS/DSL, Digitrip RMS 510/610/810/PowerLogic 810D DS-206E Trip 600.0 APlug 400.0 ASettings Phase LTPU (0.5-1.0 x P) 0.8 (320A) LTD (2-24 Sec.) 2 STPU (2-10 x LTPU) 5 (1600A) STD (0.1-0.5 Sec.) 0.4 (I^2t Out) INST (2-12 x P) 6 (2400A)
PD-PP1-MAINSQUARE D KA KA Trip 70.0 ASettings Phase Thermal Curve INST LO (350A)
PD-SWITCH BOARD-MAINSQUARE D DS/DSL, Digitrip RMS 510/610/810/PowerLogic 810D DS-206E Trip 600.0 APlug 600.0 ASettings Phase LTPU (0.5-1.0 x P) 1 (600A) LTD (2-24 Sec.) 24 STPU (2-10 x LTPU) 2 (1200A) STD (0.1-0.5 Sec.) 0.1 (I^2t Out) INST (2-12 x P) M1 (4800A)
PD-PP1SQUARE D DS/DSL, Digitrip RMS 510/610/810/PowerLogic 810D DS-206E Trip 600.0 APlug 400.0 ASettings Phase LTPU (0.5-1.0 x P) 0.8 (320A) LTD (2-24 Sec.) 2 STPU (2-10 x LTPU) 5 (1600A) STD (0.1-0.5 Sec.) 0.4 (I^2t Out) INST (2-12 x P) 6 (2400A)
Poor CoordinationDominion Power
13800.0 VSC Contribution 3P 10000.0 AmpsSC Contribution SLG 1000.0 AmpsX/R 3P 8.000X/R SLG 8.000
C-UTILITY FEEDER2 -#500, 120ft
S
P T-UTILTIY FEEDER300.0 kVA13800/480V5.0 %Z
C-SWITCH BOARD-MAIN1 -#500, 30ft
PD-SWITCH BOARD-MAINSensor/Trip 800A/400A
SWITCH BOARD480.0 V
PD-PP1Sensor/Trip 250A/200A
C-PP11 -#2/0, 56ft
PD-PP1-MAINSensor/Trip 150A
PP1480.0 V
PD-AC/1Sensor/Trip 250A/100A
C-AC/1-DISC1 -#4, 20ft
PD-AC/1-DISCSensor/Trip 80A
AC/1-DISC480.0 V
C-AC/11 -#4, 20ft
M-AC/1 60.0 hp
PD-LPSensor/Trip 400A/300A
C-T-LP1 -#350, 40ft
PD-LP-MAINSensor/Trip 125A
C-LP1 -#2, 10ft
LP208.0 V
S
P T-LP45.0 kVA480/208V5.0 %Z
0.5 1 10 100 1K 10K 100K0.01
0.10
1
10
100
1000
CURRENT IN AMPERES
tcc1.tcc Ref. Voltage: 480V Current in Amps x 1
TIM
E IN
SE
CO
ND
S
PD-PP1-MAINSQUARE D KA KA Trip 70.0 ASettings Phase Thermal Curve INST LO (350A)
PD-SWITCH BOARD-MAINSQUARE D DS/DSL, Digitrip RMS 510/610/810/PowerLogic 810D DS-206E Trip 600.0 APlug 600.0 ASettings Phase LTPU (0.5-1.0 x P) 1 (600A) LTD (2-24 Sec.) 24 STPU (2-10 x LTPU) 2 (1200A) STD (0.1-0.5 Sec.) 0.1 (I^2t Out) INST (2-12 x P) M1 (4800A)
PD-PP1SQUARE D DS/DSL, Digitrip RMS 510/610/810/PowerLogic 810D DS-206E Trip 600.0 APlug 400.0 ASettings Phase LTPU (0.5-1.0 x P) 0.8 (320A) LTD (2-24 Sec.) 2 STPU (2-10 x LTPU) 5 (1600A) STD (0.1-0.5 Sec.) 0.4 (I^2t Out) INST (2-12 x P) 6 (2400A)
PD-PP1-MAINSQUARE D KA KA Trip 70.0 ASettings Phase Thermal Curve INST LO (350A)
PD-SWITCH BOARD-MAINSQUARE D DS/DSL, Digitrip RMS 510/610/810/PowerLogic 810D DS-206E Trip 600.0 APlug 600.0 ASettings Phase LTPU (0.5-1.0 x P) 1 (600A) LTD (2-24 Sec.) 24 STPU (2-10 x LTPU) 2 (1200A) STD (0.1-0.5 Sec.) 0.1 (I^2t Out) INST (2-12 x P) M1 (4800A)
PD-PP1SQUARE D DS/DSL, Digitrip RMS 510/610/810/PowerLogic 810D DS-206E Trip 600.0 APlug 400.0 ASettings Phase LTPU (0.5-1.0 x P) 0.8 (320A) LTD (2-24 Sec.) 2 STPU (2-10 x LTPU) 5 (1600A) STD (0.1-0.5 Sec.) 0.4 (I^2t Out) INST (2-12 x P) 6 (2400A)
Main Breaker Trips, Shutting Down the Entire Switchboard
Adjustments to be Made
0.5 1 10 100 1K 10K 100K0.01
0.10
1
10
100
1000
CURRENT IN AMPERES
tcc1.tcc Ref. Voltage: 480V Current in Amps x 1
TIM
E IN
SE
CO
ND
S
PD-PP1-MAINSQUARE D KA KA Trip 70.0 ASettings Phase Thermal Curve INST LO (350A)
PD-SWITCH BOARD-MAINSQUARE D DS/DSL, Digitrip RMS 510/610/810/PowerLogic 810D DS-206E Trip 600.0 APlug 600.0 ASettings Phase LTPU (0.5-1.0 x P) 1 (600A) LTD (2-24 Sec.) 24 STPU (2-10 x LTPU) 2 (1200A) STD (0.1-0.5 Sec.) 0.1 (I^2t Out) INST (2-12 x P) M1 (4800A)
PD-PP1SQUARE D DS/DSL, Digitrip RMS 510/610/810/PowerLogic 810D DS-206E Trip 600.0 APlug 400.0 ASettings Phase LTPU (0.5-1.0 x P) 0.8 (320A) LTD (2-24 Sec.) 2 STPU (2-10 x LTPU) 5 (1600A) STD (0.1-0.5 Sec.) 0.4 (I^2t Out) INST (2-12 x P) 6 (2400A)
PD-PP1-MAINSQUARE D KA KA Trip 70.0 ASettings Phase Thermal Curve INST LO (350A)
PD-SWITCH BOARD-MAINSQUARE D DS/DSL, Digitrip RMS 510/610/810/PowerLogic 810D DS-206E Trip 600.0 APlug 600.0 ASettings Phase LTPU (0.5-1.0 x P) 1 (600A) LTD (2-24 Sec.) 24 STPU (2-10 x LTPU) 2 (1200A) STD (0.1-0.5 Sec.) 0.1 (I^2t Out) INST (2-12 x P) M1 (4800A)
PD-PP1SQUARE D DS/DSL, Digitrip RMS 510/610/810/PowerLogic 810D DS-206E Trip 600.0 APlug 400.0 ASettings Phase LTPU (0.5-1.0 x P) 0.8 (320A) LTD (2-24 Sec.) 2 STPU (2-10 x LTPU) 5 (1600A) STD (0.1-0.5 Sec.) 0.4 (I^2t Out) INST (2-12 x P) 6 (2400A)
These devices are not coordinated. By adjusting the settings on each devices we can improve coordination..
These devices are not coordinated. By adjusting the settings on each devices we can improve coordination..
Settings
•LTPU - Long time pick up
•LTD – Long time delay
•STPU – Short time Pickup
•STD – Short time Delay
•I²t – Short time delay bend
•INST – Instantaneous
•GFPU – Ground Fault Pick up
•GFD – Ground Fault Delay
•GFI²t – Ground Fault Delay bend
Improved Coordination
0.5 1 10 100 1K 10K 100K0.01
0.10
1
10
100
1000
CURRENT IN AMPERES
tcc1.tcc Ref. Voltage: 480V Current in Amps x 1
TIM
E IN
SE
CO
ND
S
PD-PP1-MAINSQUARE D KA KA Trip 70.0 ASettings Phase Thermal Curve INST LO (350A)
PD-PP1SQUARE D DS/DSL, Digitrip RMS 510/610/810/PowerLogic 810D DS-206E Trip 600.0 APlug 400.0 ASettings Phase LTPU (0.5-1.0 x P) 0.8 (320A) LTD (2-24 Sec.) 7 STPU (2-10 x LTPU) 2 (640A) STD (0.1-0.5 Sec.) 0.1 (I^2t Out) INST (2-12 x P) 2 (800A)
PD-SWITCH BOARD-MAINSQUARE D DS/DSL, Digitrip RMS 510/610/810/PowerLogic 810D DS-206E Trip 600.0 APlug 600.0 ASettings Phase LTPU (0.5-1.0 x P) 1 (600A) LTD (2-24 Sec.) 7 STPU (2-10 x LTPU) 2 (1200A) STD (0.1-0.5 Sec.) 0.2 (I^2t Out) INST (2-12 x P) 5 (3000A)
PD-PP1-MAINSQUARE D KA KA Trip 70.0 ASettings Phase Thermal Curve INST LO (350A)
PD-PP1SQUARE D DS/DSL, Digitrip RMS 510/610/810/PowerLogic 810D DS-206E Trip 600.0 APlug 400.0 ASettings Phase LTPU (0.5-1.0 x P) 0.8 (320A) LTD (2-24 Sec.) 7 STPU (2-10 x LTPU) 2 (640A) STD (0.1-0.5 Sec.) 0.1 (I^2t Out) INST (2-12 x P) 2 (800A)
PD-SWITCH BOARD-MAINSQUARE D DS/DSL, Digitrip RMS 510/610/810/PowerLogic 810D DS-206E Trip 600.0 APlug 600.0 ASettings Phase LTPU (0.5-1.0 x P) 1 (600A) LTD (2-24 Sec.) 7 STPU (2-10 x LTPU) 2 (1200A) STD (0.1-0.5 Sec.) 0.2 (I^2t Out) INST (2-12 x P) 5 (3000A)
These devices are now coordinated. PD-PP1 will know trip before the Switchboard Main..
These devices are now coordinated. PD-PP1 will know trip before the Switchboard Main..
Dominion Power13800.0 VSC Contribution 3P 10000.0 AmpsSC Contribution SLG 1000.0 AmpsX/R 3P 8.000X/R SLG 8.000
C-UTILITY FEEDER2 -#500, 120ft
S
P T-UTILTIY FEEDER300.0 kVA13800/480V5.0 %Z
C-SWITCH BOARD-MAIN1 -#500, 30ft
PD-SWITCH BOARD-MAINSensor/Trip 800A/400A
SWITCH BOARD480.0 V
PD-PP1Sensor/Trip 250A/200A
C-PP11 -#2/0, 56ft
PD-PP1-MAINSensor/Trip 150A
PP1480.0 V
PD-AC/1Sensor/Trip 250A/100A
C-AC/1-DISC1 -#4, 20ft
PD-AC/1-DISCSensor/Trip 80A
AC/1-DISC480.0 V
C-AC/11 -#4, 20ft
M-AC/1 60.0 hp
PD-LPSensor/Trip 400A/300A
C-T-LP1 -#350, 40ft
PD-LP-MAINSensor/Trip 125A
C-LP1 -#2, 10ft
LP208.0 V
S
P T-LP45.0 kVA480/208V5.0 %Z
4th Step - Arc Flash Evaluation
Arc Flash Evaluation
• To calculate the available arc flash energy, it is necessary to perform a short circuit study to determine the magnitude of the current that will flow in a fault condition, and also a coordination study to determine the length of time it takes for an Over Current Protection Devices (OCPD) to clear the fault.
Arc Flash AnalysisDominion Power
C-UTILITY FEEDER
S
P T-UTILTIY FEEDER
C-SWITCH BOARD-MAIN
PD-SWITCH BOARD-MAIN
SWITCH BOARDEnergy 23.9 Cal/cm^2@ 18 inchesPPE Class 3
PD-PP1
C-PP1
PD-PP1-MAIN
PP1Energy 0.2 Cal/cm^2@ 18 inchesPPE Class 0
PD-AC/1
C-AC/1-DISC
PD-AC/1-DISC
AC/1-DISCEnergy 0.2 Cal/cm^2@ 18 inchesPPE Class 0
C-AC/1
M-AC/1
PD-LP
C-T-LP
PD-LP-MAIN
C-LP
LPEnergy 0.1 Cal/cm^2@ 18 inchesPPE Class 0
S
P T-LP
Arc Flash Analysis
Dominion Power
C-UTILITY FEEDER
S
P T-UTILTIY FEEDER
C-SWITCH BOARD-MAIN
PD-SWITCH BOARD-MAIN
SWITCH BOARDEnergy 23.9 Cal/cm^2@ 18 inchesPPE Class 3
PD-PP1
C-PP1
PD-PP1-MAIN
PP1Energy 0.2 Cal/cm^2@ 18 inchesPPE Class 0
PD-AC/1
C-AC/1-DISC
PD-AC/1-DISC
AC/1-DISCEnergy 0.2 Cal/cm^2@ 18 inchesPPE Class 0
C-AC/1
M-AC/1
PD-LP
C-T-LP
PD-LP-MAIN
C-LP
LPEnergy 0.1 Cal/cm^2@ 18 inchesPPE Class 0
S
P T-LP
0.5 1 10 100 1K 10K 100K0.01
0.10
1
10
100
1000
CURRENT IN AMPERES
tcc1.tcc Ref. Voltage: 480V Current in Amps x 1
TIM
E IN
SE
CO
ND
S
PD-PP1SQUARE D DS/DSL, Digitrip RMS 510/610/810/PowerLogic 810D DS-206E Trip 600.0 APlug 400.0 ASettings Phase LTPU (0.5-1.0 x P) 0.8 (320A) LTD (2-24 Sec.) 2 STPU (2-10 x LTPU) 3 (960A) STD (0.1-0.5 Sec.) 0.4 (I^2t Out) INST (2-12 x P) 4 (1600A)
PD-PP1-MAINSQUARE D KA KA Trip 70.0 ASettings Phase Thermal Curve INST LO (350A)
PD-SWITCH BOARD-MAINSQUARE D DS/DSL, Digitrip RMS 510/610/810/PowerLogic 810D DS-206E Trip 800.0 APlug 800.0 ASettings Phase LTPU (0.5-1.0 x P) 1 (800A) LTD (2-24 Sec.) 24 STPU (2-10 x LTPU) S1 (6400A) STD (0.1-0.5 Sec.) 0.1 (I^2t Out) INST (2-12 x P) M2 (10160A)
PD-PP1SQUARE D DS/DSL, Digitrip RMS 510/610/810/PowerLogic 810D DS-206E Trip 600.0 APlug 400.0 ASettings Phase LTPU (0.5-1.0 x P) 0.8 (320A) LTD (2-24 Sec.) 2 STPU (2-10 x LTPU) 3 (960A) STD (0.1-0.5 Sec.) 0.4 (I^2t Out) INST (2-12 x P) 4 (1600A)
PD-PP1-MAINSQUARE D KA KA Trip 70.0 ASettings Phase Thermal Curve INST LO (350A)
PD-SWITCH BOARD-MAINSQUARE D DS/DSL, Digitrip RMS 510/610/810/PowerLogic 810D DS-206E Trip 800.0 APlug 800.0 ASettings Phase LTPU (0.5-1.0 x P) 1 (800A) LTD (2-24 Sec.) 24 STPU (2-10 x LTPU) S1 (6400A) STD (0.1-0.5 Sec.) 0.1 (I^2t Out) INST (2-12 x P) M2 (10160A)
The Switchboard Main breaker clear the fault in 60 seconds.
Arc Flash Current
The Switchboard Main breaker clear the fault in 60 seconds.
Arc Flash Current
5th Step – Review Results/Recommendations
Reports are generated based Existing (as is) conditions. Identifies the problem areas with bad coordination and high incident energy categories
Reports are generated based on Recommendations (best scenario) to better coordinate devices and lower arc flash incident energy categories
Begin Training Process
ON-SITE ELECTRICALSAFETY TRAINING
A balance of safety & technical training is essential for continuous improvement
Designed to protect lives, prevent disabling injuries, and prevent damage to your facility & equipment.
Personnel learn about personal safety for working on or around electrical systems
Understand the proper use of materials and procedures for doing electrical work
Hands-on practical instruction that they can immediately apply when they go back to their workplace
Who should be trained? Anyone who works on or around any electrically energized equipment
Sample Arc Flash Label
Definition Qualified Person
OSHA
• One who has received training in and has demonstrated skills and knowledge in the construction and operation of electric equipment and installations and the hazards involved.
NFPA 70E
• Skills and knowledge related to the construction and operation of the equipment and has received safety training on the hazards involved.
Qualified Person
Are they qualified to be working on live exposed electrical parts?
Perception of a Qualified Person
Licensed Electrician = qualified employee
Training Certificates
Years of Experience
“I have never been hurt”
Summary
Don’t assume that a person is qualified
When in doubt, ask!!!!
Their qualifications can affect you, your co-workers, and your company, the facility, etc…
Best Practice: Whenever possible, work on electrical equipment de-energized
Remember, regulations are minimum requirements
Utilize best resources available
Develop a principle directive (Golden Rule!)
Electrical systems design is at the core of our well established MEP firm. Leveraging our knowledge and expertise we can conduct arc flash analysis with precision, and provide recommendations based on our vast experience.
A comprehensive study of the electrical system can provide the Owner the necessary tools to predict possible system failures, as well as the data necessary for safety, maintenance, and future planning.
Quick FactsEstablished in 198175 employees4 office locations Massachusetts North Carolina Vermont Virginia
Multi-Disciplined Team 25 Mechanical 25 Electrical & Controls 15 Instrument Technicians 10 CAD/Admin
Partial Client ListHealth CareBurlington Community Health Ctr.Fanny Allen HospitalFletcher Allen Health CareLittleton HospitalUniversity Health CareUniversity of Vermont, Given MedicalUpper Connecticut Valley HospitalVA Hospital
BioTech & PharmaceuticalAstra ZenecaBaxter BioscienceCovidienGenzymeJohnson & JohnsonLifeNet Lonza BiologicsMylan TechnologiesNovartisPfizer Global R&DSiemens Medical SolutionsStryker BiotechWyeth
Geographically
Percent of fee revenueMA RegionVT Region
40%
40%20%
Mid-Atlantic Region
ServicesPercent of fee revenue
CommissioningEngineering
Systems Integration
30%35%
35%
MarketsPercent of fee revenue
Life Sciences, Health Care, R&D, Higher Education
Microelectronics
Industrial
70% 15%
15%