Importance of academic research in standards education for public policy

Jiliang UniversityHangzhou, China

Masami TanakaPresident

Japan Standards Association

ICES 2011 and WSC Academic Week  27-29 Jun 2011

Increasing Importance of standard educations

•Globalization of daily life and business

•Emerging soft standards related to global issues Global warming, social responsibility, social securities etc

•Many complex issues to master standardization

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• Standards Development Organization

– ISO ： Providing e-learning textbook, establishment of ISO Award for Higher

Education

– IEC ： Releasing Power Point material for MBA or MOT

– ITU ： ITU-T/Academia holds workshop

– APEC ： promoting education project for international standardization– ASTM International, BSI, KSA and Others: Texts on Standards Education etc

• Cooperative meeting (forum) on standards education– ICES （ International Cooperation for Education about Standardization starting 2006 ）– Asian Linl Project on Standardization Educations (started 2004)

– Working Group on Standardization Educations within Europe (2006)

• Many academic institutions throughout the world are already promoting the SE programs

　　

Several initiatives on encouraging standards educations

Roles of the academic institutions for Standards Education

•Practicing SE , which is based on more scientific results •Develop the methods of pedagogy•Nurturing research and studies that consolidate and expand the knowledge•Creating synergistic process by fusing the academia with business and public officers

Many researches of Economic Aspect

•Basic Aspects•Improving economic efficiency

•Compatibility and interoperability•Scale economy by simplification

•Limiting market failure•Reducing information asymmetry

•Promoting trade

•Many case studies and analysis have been done in these basic aspects and published the books and articles

Two Important Area of Standards Education at the higher Education

•Economic benefits of Standardization

•Utilization of Voluntary Standards at Public Policies

Relations between standards and institutions

Standards

Trade Policy

Government Regulations

Business Strategy(Marketing, R&D)

Consumer Protections

Environment protection

Competition Policy

Intellectual Property Right

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Attributes of Standards

• Compatibility , Interfaces Network Economy (lock-in etc), Scale Economy

•Mutual understanding Common guideline ,Delivering Information 　•Simplification•Securing Safety and Protecting Environment

and Conformity Assessment

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Regulations and Voluntary Activities

Government Regulations

Voluntary Activities by Private Sectors

Voluntary Standards (national , Regional, International)

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Benefits of Using Voluntary Standards •More flexibility•More consistency•More transparency•Less cost (if available)

Problems of Regulators•Can not manage contents of standards by themselves

•Takes time to change standards

•Different culture from standardizations

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Two area of research

•Relationship between regulatory frameworks and voluntary standards

•Mechanism of conformity assessment in regulatory frameworks

Standards supporting Voluntary Activities • Management Standards ISO14000 series Guides and Codes of Industrial Associations etc

• Instrumental Standards Technical Specifications for machines and production systems Measurements and test methods Machinery Safety Standards etc

• Uniformed Information Set Information Transfer from suppliers to end user General Guides for machine Safety (Guide 51) Building Codes etc

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Benefits of Citing standards (JIS)

General rolled steel for general use for construction (JIS-G3101)

Labor safety LawStructural materialsfor crane

Gas Suppliers safety LawMain materials for Pipe

Fire prevention LawMaterials for evacuation equipment

Building Construction LawStructural materials for building

Electricity Supply LawMaterials for Iron pillar and tower

Toxic poisonous chemicals control Law

Materials of vessels

172 Laws cite 1991 JIS standards, with 6068duplicated counts: August 2008 13

Hierarchy of relations between regulations and standards

International Standards

National Standards

Domestic Common Practices

Technical Regulations

Adoption

Citation

•More transparency•Widely recognized

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CE Marking System (Conformity Assessment Mechanism)

StandardsStandards EU Directives

（ Essential elements ）－Consistent Standards

(CEN/CENELEC)

　

（ Detail specification)

SurveillanceSurveillance

Type Approval

Confirming Design

Quality management

Batch Test ／100 ％ test

ＣＥ Marking

Sampling inspection at the market

Conformity Assessment

Design

Production

Declaration of conformance

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Internal Management of Producers

Changes of Conformance Framework

Government Government Government(Set Standards) (Set Standards) (Set Standards)

Results Results

Designated Inspection Accredited Inspection Accredited I.B.Bodies Bodies

-Limited -Open -Open -ISO/IEC Guides -Guides

Certificate Certificate Certificate

Private Firms Private Firms Private Firms

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Summary•Expanding SE as the higher educations in terms of numbers and scope in various areas in the world .•Academic institutions play important roles in SE not only by educating but also research•So far many academic researches have been done within the disciplines of the economics (benefits etc)•Utilizing voluntary S at public policy such as regulations is important area at SE and academic reaserches