Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials September 24,...
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Transcript of Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials September 24,...
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Shelley Blasdel Begley
Implementing the Split Cylinder Resonator Method for Measuring Complex Permittivity
of Low Loss Materials
Implementing the Split Cylinder Resonator Method for Measuring Complex Permittivity
of Low Loss Materials
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Outline
• Definition of Permittivity
• Overview of the Split Cylinder Method
• A Walk Through the Process
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Definition of Permittivity
"'
0rrr j
Permittivity describes the interaction of a material in the presence
of an electric field.
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Definition of Permittivity
"'
0rrr j
storage
'r
Measure of how much energy from an external electric field is stored in the material.
Permittivity describes the interaction of a material in the presence
of an electric field.
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Definition of Permittivity
"'
0rrr j
storage
'r
Measure of how much energy from an external electric field is stored in the material.
Permittivity describes the interaction of a material in the presence
of an electric field.
aka Dielectric ConstantDk
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Definition of Permittivity
"'
0rrr j
storage loss
'r
Measure of how much energy from an external electric field is stored in the material.
"r
Measure of how much energy from the electric field is lost.
Permittivity describes the interaction of a material in the presence
of an electric field.
aka Dielectric ConstantDk
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Definition of Permittivity
"'
0rrr j
storage loss
'r
Measure of how much energy from an external electric field is stored in the material.
"r
Measure of how much energy from the electric field is lost.
Permittivity describes the interaction of a material in the presence
of an electric field.
aka Dielectric ConstantDk
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Loss Tangent
'
"tan
'
"
r
r
r
'r
''r
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Loss Tangent
Dissipation Factor Quality Factor
'
"tan
'
"
r
r
CycleperStoredEnergy
CycleperLostEnergy
QD
1tan
D Q
r
'r
''r
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Loss Tangent
Dissipation Factor Quality Factor
'
"tan
'
"
r
r
CycleperStoredEnergy
CycleperLostEnergy
QD
1tan
D Q
r
'r
''r
Aka Tan DeltaDf
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Sensitive Resonant method for measuring complex permittivity
Useful for thin film and low loss sheet materials.
Originally proposed by Gordon Kent, improved by NIST Boulder, CO.
Adopted as IPC Standard TM-650 2.5.5.13
Overview of the Split Cylinder Method
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Split Cylinder Resonator System
85072A 10GHz Split Cylinder Resonator and
sample
PNA, PNA-L, PNA-XNetwork
Analyzer
LAN
Optional Computer
Agilent 85071E-300 Software runs on
optional PC or Network Analyzer
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Overview of the Split Cylinder Method
Side View
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Overview of the Split Cylinder Method
Side View
fixed cylinder
half
adjustable cylinder
halfcoupling loop
sample
coupling loop
z
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Overview of the Split Cylinder Method
Side View
fixed cylinder
half
adjustable cylinder
halfcoupling loop
sample
coupling loop
z
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Overview of the Split Cylinder Method
Side View
fixed cylinder
half
adjustable cylinder
halfcoupling loop
sample
coupling loop
z
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Overview of the Split Cylinder Method
Electric Field Orientation for TEmnp ModesWhere m = 0 and p is odd.
zsample
E field
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Overview of the Split Cylinder Method
Electric Field Orientation for TEmnp ModesWhere m = 0 and p is odd.
zsample
E field
p = 3
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Overview of the Split Cylinder Method
zsample
E field
Field orientation can be significant if sample is anisotropic
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Measure Empty and Sample filled Resonator
Real part of permittivity is a function of Frequency shiftLoss tangent is a function of decrease in Q factor Also needed: Sample thickness
Overview of the Split Cylinder Method
Qo
fo
f
Qs
fs
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Process Flow
Qo
fo
f
Qs
fs
Start
Measure Empty SCR
Frequency & Q
Measure Sample Thickness
Measure Sample Filled SCR
Frequency & Q
End
Calculate Permittivity
New Sample Same SampleHigher Order Mode
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Process Flow
Qo
fo
f
Start
Measure Empty SCR
Frequency & Q
Measure Sample Thickness
Measure Sample Filled SCR
Frequency & Q
End
Calculate Permittivity
New Sample Same SampleHigher Order Mode
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Measure Empty Split Cylinder Resonator
fixed cylinder
half
adjustable cylinder
halfcoupling loop
coupling loop
z
Agilent Software
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
S21 of TE011 Mode
Resonator should be loosely coupledAdjust peak between 55-65dB
Measure Empty Split Cylinder Resonator
Agilent Software Agilent Software guide
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Frequency and Quality Factor determination
Cycleper t Energy Los
Resonancein StoredEnergy 2Q
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Frequency and Quality Factor determination
Scalar Techniques
• 3dB Bandwidth
• Weighted Least Squares (WLS)
• Resonant Curve Area (RCA)
S21
f
fQ
0
Δf
3dB
f0
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Frequency and Quality Factor determination
Vector Technique
• Circle Fit
S21
fo
o
o
l
j
f
fft
tjQ
deLfT
2
1)(
2
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Frequency and Quality Factor determination
Method 3dB WLS RCA Circle FitAverage 75073.28 74082.27 74120.70 74241.30Standard Dev. 760.37 239.12 221.78 113.04Percent of SD 1.01 0.32 0.30 0.15
Method Comparison
• 3dB Bandwidth• Weighted Least Squares (WLS) • Resonant Curve Area (RCA)• Circle Fit
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Process Flow
Start
Measure Empty SCR
Frequency & Q
Measure Sample Thickness
Measure Sample Filled SCR
Frequency & Q
End
Calculate Permittivity
New Sample Same SampleHigher Order Mode
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Sample is assumed to be a uniform known thickness
Best results: 0.1 to 3mm thick, ideally ~1mm
Thickness uncertainty <0.02mm
Minimize imperfections due to:
Flatness
Straightness
Parallelism
Measure Sample Thickness
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Sample thickness measurement
Conforming samples such as thin films and PCBs
• Samples will be straightened out by cylinders.
• Recommend Agilent built in micrometer or mean of multiple thickness measurements.
Rigid samples such as Ceramics
• Samples will not be straightened out by cylinders.
• Recommend mean of multiple thickness measurements.
fixed cylinder
half
adjustable cylinder
halfcoupling loop
sample
coupling loop
z
fixed cylinder
half
adjustable cylinder
halfcoupling loop
sample
coupling loop
z
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Process Flow
f
Qs
fs
Start
Measure Empty SCR
Frequency & Q
Measure Sample Thickness
Measure Sample Filled SCR
Frequency & Q
End
Calculate Permittivity
New Sample Same SampleHigher Order Mode
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Measure Sample Filled Resonator
Q
o
f
o
f
Q
s
f
s
=
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Estimate Sample Filled Frequency
Three ways to come up with initial guess:
• Theoretical or Design Value
• Independent Measurement
• Measure TE111 mode
NIST Software – CalcFoInput.datNumber of TE0n Modes in ModelRadius of Split-Cylinder Resonator (m)Length of Upper or Lower Split-Cylinder Resonator Section (m)Substrate Thickness (m)Initial Guess for Relative Permittivity of Substrate
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Calculate Sample Filled Frequency
TE111 mode is the dominant mode when
03.22 radius
lengthTE111
0'
2cot
'
'
2tan
'
03.2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
a
mn
c
h
a
mn
c
a
mn
c
e
a
mn
c
a
h
h = the total length of the closed cavity, or in this case where the cylinders are equal length, 2x the length of one cylinder.a = the radius of the cylinders.χ’mn = the mth root of Bessel function of nth order
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Calculate Sample Filled Frequency
TE111 mode
Agilent Software
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Measure Sample Filled Frequency and Q
Agilent Software
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Process Flow
Qo
fo
f
Qs
fs
Start
Measure Empty SCR
Frequency & Q
Measure Sample Thickness
Measure Sample Filled SCR
Frequency & Q
End
Calculate Permittivity
New Sample Same SampleHigher Order Mode
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Calculate Permittivity
Agilent Software
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Process Flow
Qo
fo
f
Qs
fs
Start
Measure Empty SCR
Frequency & Q
Measure Sample Thickness
Measure Sample Filled SCR
Frequency & Q
End
Calculate Permittivity
New Sample Same SampleHigher Order Mode
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Higher Order Modes
TE011
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Double Peak in Search Span
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Double Peak in Search Span
Agilent Software
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Interfering Modes
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Interfering Modes
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Split Cylinder Resonator Results
Real Part of Permittivity (Dk)
Teflon® PTFE
1.9
1.95
2
2.05
2.1
2.15
2.2
5 10 15 20 25 30
GHz
Expected Value Measured Value
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Split Cylinder Resonator Results
Loss Tangent (Df)
Teflon® PTFE
-0.001
-0.0005
0
0.0005
0.001
0.0015
0.002
5 10 15 20 25 30
GHz
Expected Value Measured Value
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Conclusions
• Split Cylinder Resonator is a sensitive method for measuring complex permittivity of low loss materials
• It can be confusing if you don’t know what you are doing.
• Agilent offers a turn key solution to make it fast and easy.
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Thank You for listening
Start
Measure Empty SCR
Frequency & Q
Measure Sample Thickness
Measure Sample Filled SCR
Frequency & Q
End
Calculate Permittivity
New Sample Same SampleHigher Order Mode
More information atwww.agilent.com/find/materials
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
References[1] M.D. Janezic, ‘‘Nondestructive Relative Permittivity and Loss Tangent Measurements using a Split-Cylinder Resonator,’’Ph.D. Thesis, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2003.
[2] IPC-TM-650 Test Methods Manual Relative Permittivity and Loss Tangent Using a Split-Cylinder Resonator” Number 2.5.5.13 January, 2007.
[3] R.N. Clarke (Ed.), “A Guide to the Characterization of Dielectric Materials at RF and Microwave Frequencies,” Published by The Institute of Measurement & Control (UK) & NPL, 2003
[4] P.G. Bartley, S.B. Begley “Quality Factor Determination of Resonant Structures” IMTC 2006 – Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Sorrento, Italy 24-27 April 2006
[5] M.T. Ali, M.K.M. Salleh, Md.M.Md. Zan “” Air-Filled Circular Cross Sectional Cavity for Microwave Non-Destructive Testing Transactions on Engineering, Computing and Technology Volume 18 December 2006, pg 107-112, ISSN 1305-5313
[6] M.D. Janezic, J.Krupka “Split-Post and Split-Cylinder Resonator Techniques: A Comparison of Complex Permittivity Measurement of Dielectric Substrates”. CICMT 2008 pgs 156-159.
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
Appendix
Implementing Split Cylinder Resonator for Dielectric Measurement of Low Loss Materials
September 24, 2008
NIST Software Inputs
CalcFoInput.datNumber of TE0n Modes in ModelRadius of Split-Cylinder Resonator (m)Length of Upper or Lower Split-Cylinder Resonator Section (m)Substrate Thickness (m)Initial Guess for Relative Permittivity of Substrate
SplitCInput.datNumber of TE0n Modes in ModelRadius of Split-Cylinder Resonator (m)Length of Upper or Lower Split-Cylinder Resonator Section (m)Substrate Thickness (m)Conductivity of Split-Cylinder Resonator (S/m)Resonant Frequency of TE0np Mode (Hz)Quality Factor of TE01np ModeInitial Guess for Relative Permittivity of Substrate