Implementing National Policies at the Local Level
Transcript of Implementing National Policies at the Local Level
Ing. Heliana Kátia Tavares Campos
Informality and precariousness in
the selection and recovery of
solid waste in Brazil
National Policy on Solid Waste
(Law 12.305/2010)
Informality and precariousness in the selection and recovery of waste in Brazil
After 2014 the municipalities will be forbidden to
land solid waste in landfills. They will only be
allowed to land rejects of wastes.
All waste must be treated and the priority to
processing should be done by waste pickers
associations or cooperatives.
Composition of urban solid waste
Source: MMA/2012
Composition of urban solid waste
Source: MMA/2012
Composition of urban solid waste in
Brazil
Source: MMA/2012
Composition of urban solid waste in
Brazil
Source: MMA/2012
Informality and precariousness in the selection and recovery of waste in Brazil
Source: National Solid Waste Plan - Brazil 2012
National Plan on Solid Waste
2012
The problems to implement
these goals Dimension of the country 8,5 mi km2
The problems to implement
these goals
Source: Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE)
Municipalities: 5,565
Metropolitan Region (inhabitants)
São Paulo: 20 million
Rio de Janeiro: 12 million
Belo Horizonte: 5.5 million
70% have fewer than
20,000 inhabitants
Regional, economic, cultural, and living standard differences impact the management of municipal solid waste.
Informality and precariousness in the selection and recovery of waste in Brazil
Source: Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE)
Municipal solid waste by types of disposal
Informality and precariousness in the selection and recovery of waste in Brazil
Source: Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE)
1540 municipalities landfill
Municipal solid waste by types of disposal
Informality and precariousness in the selection and recovery of waste in Brazil
Source: Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE)
Municipal solid waste by types of disposal
Informality and precariousness in the selection and recovery of waste in Brazil
Source: Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE)
Municipal solid waste by types of disposal
Apparent consumption of packaging
Source: MMA/2012
Aluminum Steel Paper/cardboard Plastic Glass
Apparent recycling rate of different
materials (%)
Source: MMA/2012
Aluminum Steel Paper/cardboard Plastic Glass
Source: MMA /2012 (*) Data 2007
Estimate rate of formal selective
collection programs in the amount of
waste recovered – 2008
Source: MMA /2012 (*) Data 2007
Estimate rate of formal selective
collection programs in the amount of
waste recovered – 2008
Source: MMA /2012 (*) Data 2007
Estimate rate of formal selective
collection programs in the amount of
waste recovered – 2008
Source: MMA /2012 (*) Data 2007
Estimate rate of formal selective
collection programs in the amount of
waste recovered – 2008
Source: MMA /2012 (*) Data 2007
Estimate rate of formal selective
collection programs in the amount of
waste recovered – 2008
Informality and precariousness in the selection and recovery of waste in Brazil
Source: National Sanitation Research (PNSB/IBGE 2002/2010)
Selective collection programs by municipalities in Brazil
Informality and precariousness in the selection and recovery of waste in Brazil
Source: National Sanitation Research (PNSB/IBGE 2002/2010)
Selective collection programs by Brazilian regions
Informality and precariousness in the selection and recovery of waste in Brazil
Source: National Sanitation Research (PNSB/IBGE 2002/2010)
Selective collection programs by Brazilian regions
Informality and precariousness in the selection and recovery of waste in Brazil
Selective collection programs: who does it?
Waste pickers by manual traction
Informality and precariousness in the selection and recovery of waste in Brazil
Selective collection programs: who does it? Employed by mechanical traction
Materials Recovery Facilities in Brazil
Informality and precariousness in the selection and recovery of waste in Brazil
Source: National Sanitation Research (PNSB/IBGE 2002/2010)
Materials Recovery Facilities in Brazil
Informality and precariousness in the selection and recovery of waste in Brazil
Source: National Sanitation Research (PNSB/IBGE 2002/2010)
Materials Recovery Facilities in Brazil
Informality and precariousness in the selection and recovery of waste in Brazil
Source: National Sanitation Research (PNSB/IBGE 2002/2010)
Materials Recovery Facilities in Brazil
Informality and precariousness in the selection and recovery of waste in Brazil
Source: National Sanitation Research (PNSB/IBGE 2002/2010)
Materials Recovery Facilities in Brazil
Informality and precariousness in the selection and recovery of waste in Brazil
Source: National Sanitation Research (PNSB/IBGE 2002/2010)
Clean/dirty materials recovery facilities in Brazil
Informality and precariousness in the selection and recovery of waste in Brazil
Hand sorting on the floor
Hand sorting on static table
Hand and mechanical sorting with conveyor belt
MBT - Hand and mechanical sorting with conveyor belt,
trommel screens, magnets, with continuous flow
MBT - Hand and mechanical sorting with conveyor
belt, trommel screens, magnets, return flow
MBT - Hand and mechanical sorting with return flow
and optical separator
Clean materials recovery facilities Informality and precariousness in the selection and recovery of waste in Brazil
Hand sorting on the floor
Brasília
Clean materials recovery facilities Informality and precariousness in the selection and recovery of waste in Brazil
Hand sorting on static table
(very small capacity)
Porto Alegre (16), Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and in most cities.
Clean materials recovery facilities Informality and precariousness in the selection and recovery of waste in Brazil
Hand and mechanical sorting on conveyor belt
(very small capacity)
Guarulhos, Belo Horizonte, Brasília, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, end in most cities.
Clean/dirty materials recovery facilities
Informality and precariousness in the selection and recovery of waste in Brazil
MBT - Hand and mechanical sorting with conveyor belt,
trommel screens, magnets, with continuous flow
Brasília (1962) Capacity – 600 ton/d – commercialized dry SW: 2 ton/d , 55 ton/d composting
Rio de Janeiro (1977) Capacity – 150 ton/d – commercialized dry SW: 6 ton/d
Closed: Santo André, Vila Leopoldina, São Mateus, São José dos Campos, Rio de Janeiro.
Clean/dirty materials recovery facilities Informality and precariousness in the selection and recovery of waste in Brazil
MBT - Hand and mechanical sorting with conveyor
belt, trommel screens, magnets, with return flow
Brasília (1985) Capacity – 600 ton/d – commercialized dry SW: 14 ton/d, 56 ton/d composting
Rio de Janeiro (1992) Capacity – 1.200 ton/d – commercialized dry SW: 6 ton/d, 3 ton/d composting
Clean/dirty materials recovery facilities in Brazil
Informality and precariousness in the selection and recovery of waste in Brazil
MBT Hand and mechanical sorting with
conveyor belt, trommel screens, magnets,
with return flow and optical separator…….
Who does the recuperation of dry
solid waste?
The waste pickers
London – century XVI
The waste pickers
EUA – century XVII/XVIII
The waste pickers
EUA – century XIX
The waste pickers
França – century XIX
The waste pickers
Brazil – century XXI
The waste pickers
Working in a very precarious
condition
The waste pickers
Working in a very precarious condition
The waste pickers
Working in a very precarious
Condition, even in MRFs
The waste pickers
Working in a very precariousness
Condition, even in MRFs
The waste pickers
Some toilets in MRFs when they exist
The waste pickers: who are them?
MNCR in World Social Forum
MNCR in SP – agaisnt incineration
MNCR against incineration
MNCR in National Meeting
MNCR in France
– Danielle Miterrand
MNCR in Peru – borderless
MNCR in MG for recognition
of work
MNCR's leaders are
influential and creative
The waste pickers: who are them?
Expo
catadores
MNCR's leaders are they
are influential in politics
President Ministries in
Chistmans day
Expo catadores SP
The waste pickers: who are them?
Movie from Vick Muniz in
Dump Jardim Gramacho - RJ
Movie from Marcos
Prado Estamira in
Waste Dump RJ
Movie from Paulo
Futado. Waste pickers
and pigs POA
Evaldo Mocarzel
Movie from Evaldo
Mocarzel – Waste
Pickers life - SP
Movie Waste Land
Indication for OSCAR
Commercial
Movies
The waste pickers: who are them?
Soap opera: Avenida Brasil
Their lives and work on brasilian TV
Soap opera, National programs on TV, books....
The waste pickers: who are them?
“Death of Marat death“- 1793 -
Jacques-Louis David - Tião –
Vick Muniz – 28 mil pounds GB
Paintings, advertisements..
If one considers for dry solid waste
recovery……. 1 - the present waste pickers productivity: 50 kg/d;
2 - the small capacity of the average of the
material recovery facilities: 5 ton/d;
3 – the need of processing: 60.000 ton/d;
4 – the precarious conditions of work the selective
collection and recovery occurs;
To achieve the goal of the national plan on solid
waste, we need to study the model that is being
implemented and evaluate the needs to change it.
I’ll present some clues
Informality and precariousness in the selection and recovery of waste in Brazil
- Mobilization of and articulation with society to
encourage the reduction of the generation and
selection of waste at the source (home, workplace);
- Planning of a rational system that is effective,
efficient, with a logistics that respects all
conditions of public health (eliminate the
precariousness);
- Use of adequate techniques and technologies
with costs suitable for the payment made for the
services by the population;
Informality and precariousness in the selection and recovery of waste in Brazil
- Design, location and capacity of viable MRFs
able of fulfilling local and national goals;
- Training technical and operational personnel for
the proper provision of services;
- Compliance of all legal duties, contractual and
institutional requirements;
- Prioritizing the hiring of associations and
cooperatives that comply with all legal
provisions and that have technical,
administrative, and financial support;
Informality and precariousness in the selection and recovery of waste in Brazil
- Merging the recruitment systems of waste
pickers’ cooperatives and associations with
qualified firms that hire waste pickers according
to law;
- Entering the recycling targets and type of
recycled material for each municipality into the
National Information System on Waste as
permanent control;
- Establishing reverse logistics and shared
responsibility as provided in Law 12.305/2010;
Informality and precariousness in the selection and recovery of waste in Brazil
- To help the organization of public
consortium;
- Improving the legal framework for the
feasibility of recycling recyclable products
recovered in the selective collection;
- Implementing a system for monitoring and
providing technical advice to municipalities
so as to improve the productivity of
services;