Implementation of Thermal StorageA Case Study: Gemasolar (24/7)

IntertechPira’s Concentrating Solar Thermal Power 2012

April 19, 2012

Concentrated Solar Thermal Power

• Thermal storage is the differentiator

• Availability: 24/7• Dispatchability• Cost reduction

Founded in 1956, SENER ranks as the largest privately owned engineering company in Spain. The company is recognized for its capacity to deliver innovative and highly complex multidisciplinary projects.

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Owned by the government of Abu Dhabi (UAE) through the Mubadala Development Company, Masdar is committed to developing and delivering future energy solutions.

TORRESOL ENERGY

• SENER Grupo de Ingeniería achieved a sales turnover of 937 M€ and morethan 4.900 employees worldwide.

• SENER has developed important innovations in the field of CSP and isrecognized worldwide as one of the few technological leaders in this field.

• SENER’s vast experience in other areas demonstrates its strong ability toinnovate in different fields:

– Leading player in renewable technologies– Vast experience in process and electric generating plants – Large know-how in petrochemicals, process plants and civil engineering – Design and manufacturing capabilities for high tech mechanisms (aerospace, biomedicine,

etc.)

• SENER has successfully managed other important industrial alliances suchas ITP. ITP is the result of the joint venture between SENER and ROLLS-ROYCE. ITP develops and manufactures jet engines and jet enginecomponents, among other things

SENER AS A GROUP

• Established in April 2006, Masdar (the Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company) is a company focused on the development, commercialization and deployment of renewable energy solutions and clean technologies. As the first major hydrocarbon-producing nation to take such a step, it has established its leadership position by launching the Masdar Initiative, a global cooperative platform for open engagement in the search for solutions to some of mankind's most pressing issues: energy security, climate change and truly sustainable human development.

• Masdar consists of three business units and one investment arm:

Masdar Carbon specializes in developing energy efficiency and clean fossil fuel projects that potentially bring reduction in carbon emissions

Masdar City is a clean technology cluster being developed on the outskirts of Abu Dhabi that is expected to be powered entirely by renewable energy

Masdar Power builds and invests in utility scale renewable energy power projects Masdar Venture Capital manages the Masdar Clean Tech Funds, a series of diversified

venture capital investment vehicles focused on building portfolios of direct investments in clean technology and renewable energy

• Independently of Torresol Energy, MASDAR is developing CSP plants in Abu Dhabi, and their flagship plant “Shams 1” is expected to be completed in the fourth quarter of 2010.

Torresol Energy

Incorporated in March2008.

Based in Madrid, Spain

Total Investment to Date of 940 MM Euro.3 CSP Plants in Operation

World leader in CSP for development and operation of cost effective and efficient solar plants

• 21 units in operation, construction or design• trough and central receiver technologies

• 19.9 to 140 MW14 of them with molten salt (7.5 to 15 hrs)

1,750 km of collector length, 10 Mm2 of reflecting surface

Total capacity:1,100 MW

SENER CSP Experience

Sener is one of the leading Companies in the Concentrated Solar Plant Sector.

As Engineering or EPC Contractor: Full plant construction. Andasol 1 and 2 (2x50 MW CSP with 7.5h Thermal Storage) Extresol 1, 2 and 3 (3x50 MW CSP with 7.5h Thermal Storage) Valle 1 and 2 (2x50 MW CSP with 7.5h Thermal Storage) Gemasolar (20 MW CSP with 15 h Thermal Storage) Termosol 1 and 2 (2x50 MW CSP with 9h Thermal Storage) Samca 1 and 2 (2x50 MW CSP with 7.5h Thermal Storage) USA Genesis (2x140 MW CSP)

As Solar Field Supplier Aste1a and 1b (2x393,000 m2) Soluz Guzmán (315,000 m2) Orellana (405,000 m2)

SENER CSP Experience (Cont.)

Case Study: Gemasolar

• 14 hours of thermal storage via molten salts

• Online since 4/11• Availability: 24/7• Dispatchability• Represents a cost

reduction due to efficiencies relative to trough storage

Central Tower <> High Performance

Daily Radiation

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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

[W /

m2]

A solar field of heliostats concentrates the irradiance into a molten salts receiver located on the top of a central tower.

Central Tower <> High Performance

Central Tower <> High Performance

Thermal storage allows plant to operate more than 15 hours at its nominal capacity without solar irradiance.

Central Tower <> High Performance

Molten Salts temperature over 550 ºC.

No use of Oil in the Heat Transfer Process.

Central Tower <> High Performance

Tower Technology

Testing the pilot central receiver at Almeria´s PSA

SENER´s design of central tower receiver with molten salts

Tower Technology

SENER heliostat

Field tests for the actuator and control system of the SENER heliostat

Our Gemasolar Plant

3+ Energy

100%Demand curve

24/7Availability

Our Gemasolar Plant

Our Gemasolar Plant

Our Gemasolar Plant

Our Gemasolar Plant

Direct NormalIrradiance [W/m2]

Generator Power Output [MW]

Thermal Energy Stored [MWhth]

Time of day – 24 hours

Spanish Electric Demand

• Winter time: – Typically two peaks of demand at 10.00 and 20.00h (GMT + 1)– Radiation at Gemasolar (GMT + 1) from 9.00 to 18.00 h

• Summer time:– Two peaks of demand at 12.00 and 22.00h (GMT + 2)– Radiation at Gemasolar (GMT +1) from 7.00 to 20.00 h

In both cases the mid-daily demand is supplied by solar radiation. The nightfall demand is supplied by using the molten salt storage system.

Our Gemasolar Plant

One real day: August 16th 2011

Our Gemasolar Plant

One real sequence of days: September 6th to 9th 2011

• High thermal storage capacity. – Due to the storage system, the turbine operation is not immediately affected by a cloud or a

sudden high speed wind. A cloud will affect the production 6-15 hours later.– The turbine would not stop every night. Longer expected life.– The turbine power is manageable. We may choose to reduce the output during the night, at

valley time, to reach 24 h of continuous operation at lower rate.– We maximize the asset utilization.

• Lower operational risk– No mobile piping system. No swivel joints. No thermal oil. No potential fire or spillage risks– All fluids concentrated in a small area. Lower thermal loses and maintenance costs. Self

draining piping.– The same fluid is used for heat transfer and storage. Less thermal interchange

• Highest cycle efficiency– The molten salts reach highest temperatures maximizing thermodynamic efficiency.

Advantages

The Way Ahead

Gemasolar is a breakthrough for solar as it can operate 24/7

Thermal storage + high temperature:Dispatchable and more Cost Competitive

Able to convert stored energy into electricity according to demand, not

environmental conditions

Gemasolar

High Performance CSP

Difference

Not “visionary”. Molten salt trough plants in commercial operation since 2008

And the FUTURE

Gemasolar is the first SENERTower in the world. With 15 hours of storage, it is exceeding operational expectations.

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Total Investment

Debt

Equity 73 M€

171 M€

244 M€

29,9%

70,01%

GemasolarNovember, 2008 – Closed Project Financing

November 2009 ‐ Refinancing

33,33% 33,33%33,33%

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Total Debt

Remaining Banks

EIB

46,8%

53,2%

80 M€

91 M€

171 M€

Digital Image of Gemasolar

Characteristics Amount

Number of heliostats 2600

Total reflective area(m2)  300

Tower height (m)  140

Turbine power (MWe)  20

Storage size (hours)  15

• Lower costs. – Gemasolar represents the first plant of its type – Next plants will be lower cost :

• Size• Efficiencies• Lessons learned• Improvements in technology

• Regulatory/Client recognition of value of CSP relative to the grid

• Continued Improvements in technology

Next Steps for CSP

Torresol Energy, Inc. (USA)Felicia L. BellowsSenior Vice President of Developmentfelicia.bellows@torresolenergy.comwww.torresolenergy.com

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