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mer
Implementation of an automatic monitoring programwith high frequency measurements (MAREL Carnot)
in the eastern English Channel : a close watch ona potential problem area with regard to the eutrophication status
A. Lefebvre - Laboratoire Environnement & RessourcesCentre Ifremer Manche Mer du Nord, Boulogne/Mer
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Once upon a time …Preliminary studiesDecember 2001 – April 2002
Hydrology : main biological and physico-chemical parameters
Courantology : ADCP
Lefebvre A. , Repecaud M., Facq J.-V., Lefebvre G. & B. Hitier, 2002. Projet d’implantation de la stationDe mesures automatisées MAREL dans le port de Boulogne sur mer - Mesures in situ et résultatsdu modèle d’advection-diffusion Mars 2D. Rapport Ifremer DEL/BL/RST/02/07, 51 pages.
Hébert C. & A Lefebvre, 2004. Circulation des masses d’eau dans la rade de Boulogne sur Mer.Étude préalable à l ‘implantation de la station de mesures automatisées MAREL Carnot.Rapport Ifremer DEL/BL/RST/04/08, 18 pages.
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Sea wall « CARNOT »
Location of the system
Harbour
English Channel
MAREL Carnot
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Building site
End of the installation(18/12/2003)
Understructure
Installation of the tube : 12 m high, 2 m diameter et 15 t.
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Instrumentation
The buoyThe tube and the buoy
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Studied parameters
Seawater Temperature Air temperature Conductivity Relative Humidity pH P.A.R. (Photosynthetically Active Radiation)
Turbidity NitrateDissolved oxygen PhosphateChlorophyll (Fluorescence) Silicate
Frequency : 1 series / 20 minutes (to be adjusted if special needed)
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lfre
mer Monthly percentages of acquire data in 2008.
January
February
March April May June
% données acquises
75,6 75,9 69,1 94,8 95,6 94,0
July August September
October November
December
% données acquises
93,9 83,8 93,7 92,8 91,6 86,8
Main characteristics of the studied parametersParamètres physico-
chimiquesRange Uncertainty
Temperature - 5 à + 30 °C 0,1 °C
Conductivité 0 à 70 mS/cm 0,3 mS/cm
Dissolved oxygen 0 à 20 mg/L 0,2 mg/L
PH 6,5 à 8,5 UpH 0,2 UpH
Turbidity 0 à 4000 NTU 10 %
Fluorescence 0 à 50 FFU 10 %
Nitrate 0,1 à 100 µmol/L
5 %
Phosphate 0,1 à 100 µmol/L
5 %
Silicate 0,1 à 100 µmol/L
5 %
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Access to data
Quality Assurance on data series
Free data and reports available onhttp://www.ifremer.fr/difMarelCarnot/
Dedicated web page
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Expected results
Improvement of the knowledge on the dynamic of a coastal systemunder marine and anthropogenic controls Region Of Freshwater Influence (ROFI) + riverine inputs Occurrence of regular and intense blooms of the foaming
and noxious Prymnesiophyceae Phaeocystis globosa
Eutrophication = Nutrient inputs + excessive algal growth + harmful consequences
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ResultsUsual monitoring strategy:
SRN Network* (monthly/bi-monthly frequencies)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
22/0
1/20
08
14/0
2/20
08
18/0
3/20
08
10/0
4/20
08
22/0
4/20
08
05/0
5/20
08
02/0
6/20
08
17/0
6/20
08
21/0
7/20
08
29/0
8/20
08
17/0
9/20
08
28/1
0/20
08
19/1
1/20
08
08/1
2/20
08
NO
3- et
SiO
H (
en µ
mo
l/L
) et
Ch
loro
a
(en
µg
/L)
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
PO
43-,
NO
2- et
NH
4+ (en
µm
ol/
L)
SiOH NO3- Chloro a PO43- NO2- NH4+m
g/m
3
05
1015
2025
30
2003002 - Point 1 SRN Boulogne - Chlorophylle a
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 20080
510
1520
2530
mg/
m3
-10
-50
510
1520
2003002 - Point 1 SRN Boulogne - Anomalies Chlorophylle aMéthode de calcul des anomalies : médiane par mois
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
-10
-50
510
1520
05
1015
2025
30
Jan Fev Mar Avr Mai Jun Jul Aou Sep Oct Nov Dec
mg/
m3
2003002 - Point 1 SRN Boulogne - Variations saisonnières 2008 Chlorophylle aBoxplots calculés sur la période : 1992 - 2008
05
1015
2025
30
9298
0300
0897949901010202
* Regional Nutrient MonitoringNetwork (Ifremer / Artois-PicardieWater Agency)
The bloom in 2008 !?
Well-fitted with the seasonal cycle but …
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Results
Fluorescence 2008 - MAREL Carnot
The same bloom with HF measurements !
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Nutrients and phytoplanktonic dynamics
Fluorescence
Nitrate
Phosphate
Silicate
February – May 2007
(In Babin et al, 2008 - modified from Dickey 1991)
According to the objectives : ! Elementary knowledge on time scale !
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Uptake of silicate by DiatomsDiatoms
Fluorescence
Silicate
Nutrients and phytoplanktonic dynamics
March 2006
Complementarity between MAREL Carnot & S.R.N. :information on phytoplanktonic community involved
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Fluorescence
Nitrate
Silicate
Salinity
February– May 2007
Nutrients and phytoplanktonic dynamics
Early nutrient inputs => contribution to the main bloom
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Fluorescence
Nitrate
Silicate
Salinity
February – June 2006
Late nutrient inputs => secondary blooms :noxious diatoms or flagellates ?
Nutrients and phytoplanktonic dynamics
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
01/0
1/20
06
01/0
2/20
06
01/0
3/20
06
01/0
4/20
06
01/0
5/20
06
01/0
6/20
06
01/0
7/20
06
01/0
8/20
06
01/0
9/20
06
01/1
0/20
06
01/1
1/20
06
01/1
2/20
06
NO
3- ,
SiO
H (
en µ
mol
/L)e
t C
hlor
o a
(en
µg/L
)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
PO
43-,
NO
2- e
t N
H4+
(en
µm
ol/L
)
SiOH NO3- Chloro a NO2- NH4+ PO43-
Role of the ammonium during the bloom
Results from the S.R.N.
In progress : Implementation of the CHEMINI CHEMINI system(CHEmical MINIaturized analyser)
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Effect of the sampling strategyon fluorescence distribution and his P90
Use of 4 filters on the 2005-2007 database:
• diurnal (7-19 h);
• diurnal et operationnal (Monday to Friday) ;
• diurnal et March-October ;
• diurnal, operationnal et March-October.
Control on sampling frequency:
• Monthly ;
• F1 : monthly then bi-monthly in March-april and September-October;
• F2 : monthly then bi-monthly from March to May and from August to October;
• Bi-monthly ;
• Weekly.
=> BOOTSTRAP methodology applied for a given year (study of the annual variability) then for 6 years (WFD management plan)
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P90 for simulated fluorescencefor a 6 years management planwith diurnal and operationnal data,and for monthly, bi-monthly andweekly sampling frequencies
=> Good assessment of the P90Good assessment of the P90
Effect of the sampling strategyon fluorescence distribution and his P90
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Effect of the sampling strategyon fluorescence distribution and his P90
P90 for simulated fluorescencefor a 6 years management planwith diurnal and operationnal datafrom March to October,and for monthly, F1, F2, bi-monthlyand weekly sampling frequencies
=> Over-estimation of the P90Over-estimation of the P90
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mer Access to data via the Nausicaa
browser within 24 h
MAREL Carnot and satellite imagery:High frequency and meso-scale approach
Sea Temperature:
Marel Carnot vs. Pathfinder data
February 2007 to February 2008
Water Framework Directive contextWater Framework Directive context : chlorophyll, turbidity, sea surface temperatureTo be continued To be continued (offshore and ecosystemic approach) : Marine Strategy Framework Directive
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Project Partners
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MAREL Carnot
10 meters
Thanks to the MAREL TEAM
Michel RepecaudRenaud VuilleminKarenn BucasDavid Le PivertLoïc QuémenerJean-Valery FacqVincent DuquesneCamille Blondel
Usual sampling conditions !
Who want to sample from a 5 meters long boat ?
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION