Implementation, Evaluation & Lessons Learned from (Very) Cross-Disciplinary Technology...

Implementation, Evaluation & Lessons Learned from (Very) Cross-Disciplinary

Technology Entrepreneurship Programs

Todd A. Watkins, Associate Professor of Economics &

Director, Kalmbach Institute for the Study of Regional Political Economy

John B. Ochs, Professor of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics &

Director, Integrated Product Development Program

Lehigh’s Cross-Disciplinary Programs Related to Technology Entrepreneurship

• Integrated Product Development (started 1994)– non-degree overlay program

• Integrated Business & Engineering (2000)– BS honors program, satisfies AACSB accreditation

• Masters of Business Administration & Engineering (2000)– joint degree, 45 hrs

• Integrated Design Arts (2002)– BA and 2 minors

• Computer Science & Business (2002) – joint BS, accredited for AACSB and ABET/CSAB

• Bioengineering (2002)• Technology Entrepreneurship minor (for 2004, in progress)

Vision• A not-so-quiet revolution in education• Truly interdisciplinary in students & faculty

– business, design arts, engineering, sciences• Pre-college through graduate• Collaboration with industry throughout

– planning– projects– sponsorship

• Aims to create a campus-wide environment for fostering student & faculty technology entrepreneurs

Outline• Lehigh University context• Programs’ overview

• Educational tenets & goals• Implementation histories• Example curricula & example projects

• Assessment tools• Lessons learned

Open to questions at any time

Lehigh in Brief• Carnegie Research II Doctoral

Institution• Founded 1865, Private, East

Coast• ~$700M endowment• ~4700 UG, ~2000 Grad• ~420 FT, 150 PT faculty• 77 undergraduate programs• 4 Colleges

– Arts & Sciences (~ 45% of u.g)– Engineering (~ 30%)– Business & Economics (~ 25%)– Education (grad only)

• SAT inter-quartile: 1210-1370• Top 40 US News National Univ.

Culture of Cross-College Collaboration College Program

Business & Economics Engineering

Arts & Sciences Education

Analytical Finance X X XBio-Business X XBioelectronics/ Biophotonics X XBiopharmaceutical Engineering X XCognitive Science X XCommunity Studies X XComputer Science & Business X XEducation X XEducational Technology X XEnvironmental Engineering X XEnvironmental Initiative X X XIntegrated Business & Engineering X XIntegrated Design Arts X XIntegrated Product Development X X X XMBA & Educational Leadership X XMBA & Engineering X XNanotechnologies X XPhotonics X XPolymer Science & Engineering X XProject Management X XScience, Technology & Society X XTechnology Entrepreneurship X X X

Culture of Inquiry-Based Learning• Multidisciplinary fields of study join to address ... • Real-world issues and problems• Hands-on experience • Team-based decision-making and problem-solving• Partnership or working relationship or with

private or public organization off campus• Communication (written and oral) across

disciplines• Deliverable product• State-of-the-art tools and facilities used by

students with evolving methods and technologies

InquiryBased

Learning

Departmental

Lehigh Earth Observatory

Integrated Product Development

Lehigh CORPS

Design of AthleticFacilities

MartindaleScholars

Hughes Program

Environmental Field Studies

Business Information Systems Practicum

Marketing Practcum

Opportunities for Student Innovation

CESAR

Sociology & Social Psych.

Research Laboratory

Capstone CE & IE Design Projects

Thompson International Portfolio

Portfolio Management Practicum

Senior Thesis & Honors Thesis Research

Democracy

Workshop

Eckhart CollegeScholar Projects

Visions of God

Management Assistance Counseling

Eye Level

Lehigh ReviewCollege wide

Multi-college

Hewlett Program

Computer BasedTraining Design

Materials Research Option & Industrial

Projects

NSF Research Experiences for Undergraduates

BATI Research Seminar

Problem Seminars

Ed Tech Core Projects

Mainstage Directing & Design

Music Composition & Directing

Urban Sprawl

RadioPublic

History

Real Estate Practicum

Production & Marketing of

Sound Recordings

Brown & White

Dionysos Project

Educational Tenets• Students who progress most rapidly through

their chosen careers are:– professionally competent– experienced in real world problem solving– multi-functional– team-oriented– self-directed

• Active, collaborative, project-based learning is superior for developing higher-order skills

IPD Program History• Phase 0: Planning w/ industry meeting, 1991• Phase I: Pilot implementation, Jan 1994

– IPD capstone project course is national winner for curriculum innovation in 1996 competition

– University commits to fundraising for scale up• Phase II: Scale up, Jan 1998 - Dec 2003

– new campus center for technical entrepreneurship

– new majors: Integrated Business & Engineering, Design Arts, MBA & Engr., Comp Sci. & Business

– “normalize” budgets

IPD Program Structure PRE-COLLEGEPRE-COLLEGE

OUTREACHOUTREACH

FRESHMEN PROJECTSFRESHMEN PROJECTS

ENGINEERINGENGINEERINGSEQUENCESSEQUENCES

BUSINESSBUSINESSSEQUENCESSEQUENCES

DESIGN DESIGN ARTSARTS

SEQUENCESSEQUENCES

CAPSTONE PROJECTSCAPSTONE PROJECTS

GRADUATEGRADUATEPROGRAMSPROGRAMS

Multi-level Approach• Pre College

– PA Governor’s School for Global Entrepreneurship– H.S. Career Awareness Programs

– in business & design (PWC, Alcoa)– 3 summers of pilot one week courses (Dept of Ed)

– K-12 IPD game under development (working on proposals to develop & implement)

• Freshmen Projects– Integrated Business & Engineering Freshman Workshop,

create a new product & start up company– Freshmen Engineering Projects course (Dept of Ed)

• Capstone Projects – Open to all majors (Dept of Ed & Dept of Labor)– Projects from student entrepreneurs, regional

entrepreneurs, small businesses & Fortune 500+ companies

• Graduate– Internationally dispersed development team

(NASA/CAPE sponsored pilot)– High technology projects – MBA capstone: IPD project management– IPD MS track degree program

Multi-level Approach (continued)

Entrepreneurial Project Characteristics

• Interdisciplinary student teams • Work directly with mentors/sponsors• Business & design feasibility studies• Prototype development• Focus on

– team building & leadership– oral, written & visual communication– global commercialization– global manufacturing

4-Step Product Development Process

OpportunityScanning

Conceptual Design & Business Planning

Product Development

Manufacturing

Development

Market Development

Manufacturing Ramp-up

Market Introductio

n

Project and Process Management

Documentation and Data Management

12

4

3

3

4

IPD Tasks & Deliverables• Customer needs• Competitive

benchmarks• Target markets• Marketing

strategies• Target pricing• Target

specifications & constraints

• Concept generation/ selection

• Cost & cash flow analysis

• Design process methodologies

• Design for manufacturing

• Prototypes & testing• Production planning

Oral & poster briefings & written reports

IPD Experiences for Students

• Teaming with business, engineering & art majors

• Single team for the entire project (2-4 semesters)

• Evaluation based on individual and team performance

• Industry evaluation

Product Development Methodology• Encourage Student Entrepreneurs through

“Student Invitation to Innovate”• Team with local startup companies• Industry sponsors for product improvement• “Deep Dive” creativity & analysis process• Truly multi-disciplinary teams• Bus. & Engr. analytic tools, simulation,

prototyping• Faculty as “guides on the side”• Extensive support infrastructure – labs and staff

Example IPD Partners• Lucent• Armstrong• B. Braun Medical• Lockheed Martin• Black & Decker• Just Born• CDG• Johnson & Johnson• Alcoa• Bustin Industries• Milton Roy

• Follett• General Motors• Solar Technology• Knoll Group• Demco Automation• Akrion• Lutron Electronics• Mathew Hoey Design• Neo Products• Penn Engineering• FlexLink Systems

Neo Products’ J-2 Spitfire Violin

Example IPD Product

CDG Chlorine Dioxide Generator, 2003

Electron Microscope Corrosion Mechanism

Analysis

Example IBE Project

Plus/minus Error Factor Table & Graph80 Percent -5.0 -0.15 0.4 72 80

50 15 40 72 80

Development costs

Unit Production Costs Price

Qty Sold

Qty Produced

All Numbers in Thousands

Project NPV by Volume & Price

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 0.5 1 1.5 2

Price ($thousands)

Pro

jec

t N

PV

20

60

100

140

180

QuantitySold

Example Financial Simulation IPD, Hellaset Volleyball, 2002

Excel Model & “What-If” Simulation

Flow Visualization Simulation

Example IPD Analysis

Rapid Prototyping

Example IPD Capability

IPD Capstone Project Statistics• >150 Industry Sponsors• >1000 students in over 175 project teams• 2003 Capstone

– 34 teams, 203 students, 20 Majors– 18 faculty advisors

• Projects from a) companies, b) local entrepreneurs, c) student entrepreneurs

• Contacts made through Lehigh’s Career Services, Corporate Relations, Alumni, SBDC & Ben Franklin Center

• 7 CONSECTUTIVE YEARS of NATIONAL WINNERS for student technology entrepreneurship: NCIIA grants $8K-$20K

Seek, from F.L.I. Technologies, 2002Featured at Smithsonian Collegiate Innovators Expo

CAD Model

Working PrototypeStereolithograpy

Example IPD Student Entrepreneurial Start-Up

National Winner$14,220

Cyclopsfrom

Obsidian Suspension

Systems

Featured at Smithsonian

Collegiate Innovators Expo



Nilson Calcium Reactorfor Reef

Aquariums

>50 sold already @ $350/ea.




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SEQUENCESSEQUENCES



Example PosterFreshman Workshop, 2003

Example Oral Briefing Slide Freshman Workshop, 2001

Manufacturer Dremel Black & Decker Black & Decker DremelType Rotary Tool - MultiPro Rotary Tool - Wizard Rotary Tool - RTX Rotary Tool - MultiPro

Model 7700 VP940K RTX-1 275Size

Speed 2 Speed 2 Speed Variable 1 SpeedMotor 7.2V 3.6V 2.0 Amp 1.2 Amp

OPM/RPM 12,000 - 15000 13,000 - 18,000 8,000 - 30,000 15,000

Power7.2V Battery w/ 3 hr Charger

3.6V VersaPak w/ 6 hr Charger

Corded Corded

Accessories 50 63 55 assorted 5 assorted

Special Features

MultiPro Tool KitSmall, maneuverable unit

Variety of Accessories and Flexible Shaft

Base-line Dremel Model

Price $39.97 $47.67 $59.88 $34.97Weight 3.36 lbs 1.2 lbs 1.3 lbs 1.81 lbs

COMPETITIVE BENCHMARK DATA

Example Reverse Engineering Sketch,

Freshman Workshop, 2001

New Design Painting’s No-Dip Paintstickfrom 2002 Freshman Workshop

Example CAD ModelsFreshman Workshop, 2002

National National WinnerWinner$13,600$13,600

Example Bill of Materials Freshman Workshop, 2002

Bill of Materials

Part of Product Component Quantity Material Size Source High Cost

Low Cost

Apparatus Plastic tube, 4' 1 Clear polyurethane 4' long, inner radius 3"., thickness

0.25" TEEL Plastics $2.40 $2.40

Plastic tubing, 8" 1 Clear polyurethane 8" long, inner radius 3", thickness

0.25" TEEL Plastics $0.50 $0.50

Plastic couplings 2 W hite, ABS Plastic 4" long, inner radius 3.3",

thickness 0.3" TEEL Plastics $3.00 $1.75

Knobs with metal screws 8 - 1/2" screws ACE Hardware $0.05 $0.02

Ball Feeder Plastic hopper 4 ABS plastic Cutoff square pyramid, base 12",

height 14", 1/8" thick TEEL Plastics $0.15 $0.10

Support legs 2 6061 Aluminum 2.5' long, 1" diameter Bethlehem Steel $0.20 $0.10

Support tray with legs 1 AISI 1020 Steel - Bethlehem Steel $0.50 $0.40

Knobs with metal screws 4 - 1/2" screws ACE Hardware $0.04 $0.02

Firing mechanism Metal step cap 1 6061 Aluminum Circle, diam 3.5" Bethlehem Steel $0.20 $0.10

Foot pedal casing 1 ABS plastic - TEEL Plastics $0.04 $0.02

Solenoid encased in cable 1 - 42' long - $5.00 $1.00

Spring 1 - 2" long ACE Hardware $0.02 $0.01

Firing lever 1 AISI 1020 Steel 2" long Bethlehem Steel $0.03 $0.02

Cost of Materials $12.08 $6.41

Overhead/Manufacturing Costs/Labor

@ 45% of materials $5.44 $2.88

Total Cost $17.52 $9.29


OUTREACHOUTREACH





SEQUENCESSEQUENCES



Sustainable Organization• Faculty and administration leadership• Permanent support staff (5)• Professors of Practice (5)• Graduate student TAs (3)• Supplies and labs operation budget

CAD Lab Student shopWilbur Graphics Lab Wilbur prototype labMeeting Rooms Project Labs

Special Thanks for Funding • Department of Education Grant I - $370K (1999-2002) • Department of Education Grant II - $350K (2001-3)• Department of Labor - $556K (2001-3)• NASA-CAPE - $67K (1999-2001)• Kauffman Foundation - $50K (2003-4)• National Science Foundation – $1.38M (2003-6)• Lemelson Foundation/NCIIA - ~$120K (1997-2003)• State of PA Opportunity Grant - $1M (2003-5)• Lehigh administration for sustainable funding

– Lehigh’s 2020 Program - $200 to 400K per year (2001-4)– Lehigh University Administration - $500K per year continuous funding (2004

start)

• Lehigh’s alumni -$5.2M for Wilbur Powerhouse Student Entrepreneurial Projects Center

Wilbur Powerhouse Renovations

Powerhouse Renovations

IPD Success & Infrastructure Enabled IBE B.S. Honors Program to Progress Quickly

Spring’99 -- President, LU Global Council, TrusteesJuly 15 -- Two deans blessed the concept Late Aug -- Cross-college faculty task forceSept -- Shell program devised; Bus. & Engr. core

-- Meetings: TF leaders, dept. chairs, college academic policy committees

Oct -- 2 college faculties’ approvalNov -- LU educational policy committeeDec 6 ‘99 -- LU faculty approvalFall ’00 -- First students admitted

Bus or Engr Major18 cr

Business Core33 cr

Engineering Core20 cr

Math/Sci.33 cr

IBE Integrative 12 cr

S.S./Hum.21 cr

IBE 137 Hour Credit Distribution

Class of 2004Number:

35

Ave SAT: 1400

SAT Range: 1340-1455

Engineering: 27

Business: 8

Female: 12

Male: 23

Yield: 40%

Class of 2005Number: 48

Ave SAT: 1404

SAT Range: 1360-1445

Engineering: 39

Business: 9

Female: 10

Male: 38

Yield: 41%

IBE Program Data

CSB Joint Degree Even Faster ProcessJuly ’01 -- Two deans initiated the programAugust -- Cross-college task force September -- Dual CS-Bus core developed

-- Meetings: TF members, depts, college academic policy committees

October -- College faculties approvedNovember -- LU academic policy committee approvedDecember -- University Faculty approvedFebruary ‘02 -- Board of Trustees approvedFall ‘02 -- First students admitted

IT & Business RelatedUG Majors

CmpE

CSCSB

I&SE

BIS

IBE CT

IBE IE

Mat

hem

atic

al –

Sof

twar

e –

Har

dwar

e

Technology Business

IBE EEEE

AASCB Accreditation

ABET/CSABAccreditation

IBE BIS

135 Hour CSB Credit Distribution

Humanities & Social Science

30 Cr

CSB Elective Tracks12 Cr

Computer Science Core29 Cr

Business Core31 Cr

Math/Sci.26 Cr

CSB Integrative Courses7 Cr

Other34%

CSE33%

CBE33%

AccreditableCS Degree

AccreditableBusiness Degree

Assessment Mechanisms (Handouts)• Vision/Goals/Components/Evaluation Diagrams• Assessment of Student Performance

– self assessment; weekly contributions; tack board review sessions; quarterly written reports; poster sessions; personal notebooks; quarterly peer evaluations

• Annual Program Assessment– student assessment of courses, faculty & staff– faculty, staff, industry sponsor assess programs– program rubrics matrix– external evaluators

Lessons Learned• Planning & aggressive timelines • Clarity of connection between vision, goals & program

components • Define success by focus on student outcomes• Develop alternative approaches

– pilot & change them; avoid N.I.H syndrome• Leadership & vision need from both bottom and top.

– Both need creativity & flexibility– University management needs to be constantly engaged by bottom

(IPD grew through 3 Presidents, 4 Provosts, 11 Deans)– Top need to support but let bottom own decision making

• Industrial advisory committees• Continuous improvement attitude & internal & external evaluation• External funding is key; but need admin. & faculty sales folks• Just do it!

Next Steps • Expand our collaborations

– CAPE proposal for state-wide K-16 student entrepreneurs network– N2TEC & Cornell’s ICE programs– LU Entrepreneurial Alumni Network (Kauffman Foundation)– Entrepreneurship & Commercialization Office/Center (State of PA)

• Expand our graduate programs– MBA&Engr and Ventures series– Support new product development in LU’s research thrust areas

• Continue growth of on-campus programs– Design Arts - Industrial Design & Graphic Design (ramp up)– Bioengineering (capstone projects start 2004)– Computer Science & Business (capstone projects start 2004)– Technology Entrepreneurship minor (target start 2004)

University ResearchPartners (URP)

• New Research Initiatives• Existing Research Activities• Faculty Research

Review Board – Representing:Faculty (Eng,Bus.A&S)Research Center DirectorsEconomic Dvlp. Partners

Proposed Lehigh University Entrepreneurship & Commercialization Office

College Deans

Office of ResearchSBDCBen Franklin\MRC

• Ben Franklin• Govmt. Agencies

Economic. Development Partners

Entrepreneurship and CommercializationOffice/Center

• Coordinate and support internal and external campus wide activities including entrepreneurial network of alumni• Administer University intellectual property policy • Matchmaker and hand holder between individuals and organizations• University Portal to entrepreneurial and commercialization activities

Industry Integrated Learning Experience Programs

University • Office of Research• Legal• Provost• Career Services• Students• Faculty• Alumni

• 40 plus and counting

• Commercial• Financial• Research

Coordinate&

Support

Coordinate&

Support

• MRC• SBDC

Alumni RelationsIndustry PartnersCorporate and Government Relations

Implementation, Evaluation & Lessons Learned from (Very) Cross-Disciplinary Technology...

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