Implementation and Control of a Hybrid Multilevel Converter
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Transcript of Implementation and Control of a Hybrid Multilevel Converter
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by
I.BHARGAVA RAOB.HARISHD.RAGHU VARMA
R.SATISH
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INTRODUCTION
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In a single-phase half-bridge inverter, only two switches
are needed. To avoid shoot-through fault, both switches are neverturned on at the same time. S1 is turned on and S2 is turned off to
give a load voltage
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The multilevel topologies can be classified into three main
categories. They are
1. Neutral point clamped (NPC)
2. Flying capacitors (FC)3. Cascaded H-bridge(CHB) converters.
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NPC converters also known as three-level inverters. Problems of 2-
level inverter in high-power applications.
High DC link voltage requires series connection of devices.
Difficulty in dynamic voltage sharing during switching.
These problems are solved by using NPC inverter or multilevel
inverter.
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Maynard and Foch introduced a flying-capacitor-based
inverter in 1992. The structure of this inverter is similar to that of
the diode-clamped inverter except that instead of using clamping
diodes, the inverter uses capacitors in their place. The circuit
topology of the flying capacitor multilevel inverter. This topology
has a ladder structure of dc side capacitors, where the voltage on
each capacitor differs from that of the next capacitor. The voltage
increment between two adjacent capacitor legs gives the size of the
voltage steps in the output waveform.
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A single-phase structure of an m-level cascaded inverter is
illustrated in Figure .Each separate dc source (SDCS) is connected
to a single-phase full-bridge, or H-bridge, inverter. Each inverter
level can generate three different voltage outputs, +Vdc, 0, and
Vdcby connecting the dc source to the ac output by different
combinations of the four switches, S1, S2, S3, and S4. To obtain
+Vdc, switches S1 and S4 are turned on, whereas Vdc can be
obtained by turning on switches S2 and S3. By turning on S1 and S2
or S3 and S4, the output voltage is 0.
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Single-phase structure of a multilevel cascaded H-bridges inverter
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The neutral point converter proposed by Nabae, Takahashi, and Akagi in
1981 was essentially a three-level diode-clamped inverter. In the 1990s several
researchers published articles that have reported experimental results for four-,
five-, and six-level diode-clamped converters for such uses as static VAR
compensation, variable speed motor drives, and high-voltage system
interconnections.
A three-phase six-level diode-clamped inverter is shown in Figure2.9.
Each of the three phases of the inverter shares a common dc bus, which has been
subdivided by five capacitors into six levels. The voltage across each capacitor is
Vdc, and the voltage stress across each switching device is limited to Vdc through
the clamping diodes. Table lists the output voltage levels possible for one phase
of the inverter with the negative dc rail voltage V0 as a reference.
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Selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation
(SHEPWM) method is systematically applied for the first time to
multilevel series-connected voltage-source PWM inverters. The
method is implemented based on optimization techniques. The
optimization starting point is obtained using a phase-shift harmonic
suppression approach.
The commonly available switching technique is selective
harmonic elimination (SHE) method at fundamental frequency, for
which transcendental equations characterizing harmonics are solved
to compute switching angles.
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The considered hybrid topology is composed by a
traditional three-phase, three-level NPC inverter, connected with a
single phase H-bridge inverter in series with each output phase. The
power circuit is illustrated in Fig, wit In the hybrid topology
considered, the NPC inverter provides the total active power flow.
For high-power medium voltage NPC, there are advantages to using
latching devices such IGCTs rather than IGBTs, due to their lower
losses and higher voltage blocking capability imposing a restriction
on the switching frequency. h only the H-bridge of phase a shown
in detail.
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Hybrid topology power circuit
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Three-level SHE is an established and well documented
modulation strategy. A qualitative phase output voltage waveform
is presented in Grph.3.1 considering a 5-angle realization, so five
degrees of freedom are available. This enables the amplitude of the
fundamental component to be controlled and four harmonics to be
eliminated. Since a three-phase system is considered, the triple
harmonics are eliminated at the load by connection, and hence,
they do not require elimination by the modulation pulse pattern.
Thus, the 5th, 7th, 11th and 13th harmonics are chosen for
elimination.
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Each series H-bridge converter is independently controlled
by two complementary references, as shown in Fig. The first
reference) corresponds to the inverse of the harmonics remaining
from the SHE pulse pattern, calculated as describe in the previous
section from the difference between the NPC pulsed voltage
pattern and its sinusoidal voltage reference.
Simplified H-bridge circuit for dynamic modeling of dc-link voltage
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H-bridge control diagram for phase a
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In regenerative operation, such as active front endapplications for regenerative drives, the power flow needs to be
controlled bidirectional. This is possible due to the interaction
between the converter and load voltages through the grid impedance,
usually an inductive filter.
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Simulation circuit of the NPC inverter
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circuit of the NPC inverter with H-Bridge
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Experimental results are gained feeding a linear load with valuesRL = 10 and LL = 3mH with the 1kW prototype. As previously
discussed in section III-C, the converter is operated with Vdc = 180V ,
while the H-Bridge dc-link voltage reference was set to 30V.
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This section presents results to ascertain converters
performance under closed loop conditions. First, the converter is run
without the use of the series H-bridges (for comparison purposes only),
and the results are shown in graph. It can be clearly seen that the output
voltage of the converter.
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Graph presents simulation results for the hybrid topology and
control method when it is used as an active rectifier connecting a 115V
line-to-line grid through a line impedance Of Ls = 1:5mH and Rs = 0:2.
Note that at t = 0:14s, a change from feed to regenerative load mode has
been demanded. This results in the change in polarity of the input
current ia and in the NPC-SHE voltage output va0N.
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