Imperialism in India
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Imperialism in India
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New Imperialism
European countries sought out direct control over vast territories
Capitalist markets were looking for markets and raw materials (i.e. rubber, tin, oil, rice, gold, diamonds, etc.)
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Q: How did the European powers keep the colonies under control?
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Types of Government
(1) Indirect Rule: Local rulers were allowed to keep their authority and status in a new colonial setting
• It was cheaper because fewer officials were needed to be trained
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Types of Government
(2) Direct Rule: If local leaders did not cooperate with Europeans they were replaced with European officials
Local elites were not allowed to hold powerful positions in government
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(3) Protectorate
A state or territory partly controlled by the military or government of a stronger state
Dependent on another country for its protection
Autonomous in internal affairs
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Colonial Takeover in Southeast Asia
Dutch East IndiesMalay PeninsulaIndochinaPhilippinesBritish IndiaBurmaAustralia
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Dutch East IndiesKnown for its rich soil which allowed the harvesting of: coffee, pepper, cinnamon, sugar, indigo, and tea
Mines were formed to exploit rich deposits of tin and copper
Forests yielded timber and hardwoods
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• The Dutch became notorious for the use of forced slave labor, known as the culture system
Dutch East Indies
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Philippine IslandsSpanish used similar methods to reap the rewards from their tobacco and sugar plantations in the Philippine Islands
In 1898, the Philippines were given to the United States as part of the settlement for their loss of the Spanish-American War
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Southeast Asia Mainland
• British took control of India in the early 1800s
• Meanwhile, the French imperialized modern-day Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam forming French Indochina
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British Rule in IndiaTo rule India, the British East India Company had its own soldiers and military bases
The Company hired sepoys (Indian soldiers) protect Britain’s interests
Sepoys made up 84% of troops employed in India
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Fighting for Independence
1857: Indians led the Sepoy Mutiny
Indians called this the First War of Independence
Immediate case of revolt: Rumor spread that the troops’ new rifle cartridges were made of cow and pig fat
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Muslim and Hindu Beliefs
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Sepoy Mutiny• After a group of Sepoys were
imprisoned for refusing to load their rifles, troops went on a rampage killing 50 British men, women, and children
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Cost of British Rule1. British manufactured goods
destroyed local industries
2. British textiles put Indian women out of work
3. Increased taxes
4. Stripped the Indian people of their civil rights
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StarvationForced farmers to switch from growing food to cotton
Food supplies could not keep up with growing population
30 million Indians starved
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A Fight for Independence
Mohandas Gandhi
“Nonviolence is the first article of my faith. It is also the last article of my creed.”
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Social Unrest and Violence • Indians killed 200 British women at
the House of Ladies in Kanpur
• British parliament transferred power from the British East India Company directly to the British government
• British brought order and stability to India by appointing a Viceroy (British governor)
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Gandhi Movie Clips
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W6LxXZ32HwM – first ½
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1sCsArbBloU – salt march
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pAs8uvKNkcU – fasting?