Imperialism in AfricaImperialism in Africa

The Scramble for AfricaThe Scramble for Africa

African GeographyAfrican Geography

Africa is divided into two climatic areasAfrica is divided into two climatic areas1.1. The The Saharan DesertSaharan Desert in Northern Africa in Northern Africa

-dry, arid lands, nomadic people-dry, arid lands, nomadic people

2.2. Sub-SaharanSub-Saharan Africa Africa-tropical areas with tribal communities-tropical areas with tribal communities

Africa is domed in the middle, all rivers flow Africa is domed in the middle, all rivers flow outward from the centeroutward from the center

-Example Nile flows North, Congo River flows west-Example Nile flows North, Congo River flows west

These features made it very hard for These features made it very hard for Europeans to Europeans to explore the interiorexplore the interior of the of the continentcontinent

Opening the ContinentOpening the Continent

With better With better medicine, boats, and maps,medicine, boats, and maps, Europeans finally opened the interior of Africa Europeans finally opened the interior of Africa to the worldto the world

By 1900, Europe realized its By 1900, Europe realized its vast resourcesvast resources to to fuel their economiesfuel their economies

With economic, political, and religious motives With economic, political, and religious motives along with along with advanced weaponryadvanced weaponry, Europe , Europe rapidly conquered the African people and rapidly conquered the African people and controlled their landscontrolled their lands

The Berlin ConferenceThe Berlin Conference

The The occupation of Egyptoccupation of Egypt (England) and the (England) and the Congo Congo AcquisitionAcquisition (Belgium) were the first events in the (Belgium) were the first events in the scramble for Africa.scramble for Africa.

In 1884, In 1884, Otto von BismarckOtto von Bismarck (Germany) called for the (Germany) called for the Berlin Conference to discuss the African Problem.Berlin Conference to discuss the African Problem.

The The European powers set rulesEuropean powers set rules for competition to for competition to acquire land in Africaacquire land in Africa No territory could be claimed without proper occupationNo territory could be claimed without proper occupation Must tell the other nations of their intentionsMust tell the other nations of their intentions Trade and navigation was free along the Congo RiverTrade and navigation was free along the Congo River

European Powers ClashEuropean Powers Clash1. 1. The Fashoda IncidentThe Fashoda Incident

EnglandEngland wanted control from South Africa to Egypt in wanted control from South Africa to Egypt in North AfricaNorth Africa

FranceFrance wanted control from Senegal (West Africa) to wanted control from Senegal (West Africa) to the Horn of Africa (Ethiopia)the Horn of Africa (Ethiopia)

In their pursuits, the clashed at FashodaIn their pursuits, the clashed at Fashoda After a stand-off, the French and British agreed that the After a stand-off, the French and British agreed that the

source of the Nile and Congo Rivers should mark the source of the Nile and Congo Rivers should mark the frontier between their frontier between their spheres of influence spheres of influence

European Powers ClashEuropean Powers Clash2.2. The Moroccan CrisisThe Moroccan Crisis

Germany wanted to test the French control in Germany wanted to test the French control in the Sahara (North Africa)the Sahara (North Africa)

Germany called for Germany called for Moroccan IndependenceMoroccan Independence from France with infuriated the French from France with infuriated the French GovernmentGovernment

After a peace conference, After a peace conference, Morocco became Morocco became a protectoratea protectorate under French control under French control

European Powers ClashEuropean Powers Clash3.3. The Anglo-Zulu WarThe Anglo-Zulu War

In 1879, the In 1879, the Zulu NationZulu Nation tried to push the tried to push the British out of South AfricaBritish out of South Africa

Led by the fearless leader Led by the fearless leader ShakaShaka, 25,000 Zulu , 25,000 Zulu warriors attacked the British army of 2000.warriors attacked the British army of 2000.

The Zulus suffered severe casualties due to The Zulus suffered severe casualties due to advanced British weaponry and were forced to advanced British weaponry and were forced to surrendersurrender

This This secured Britain’s colonialsecured Britain’s colonial hold in South hold in South AfricaAfrica

Results of Imperialism in AfricaResults of Imperialism in AfricaThrough ruthless measures, Europe Through ruthless measures, Europe continued to dominate continued to dominate and suppressand suppress the African people until the mid-20 the African people until the mid-20thth century century

By 1914, only two African nations remained independent: By 1914, only two African nations remained independent: Liberia and EthiopiaLiberia and Ethiopia

The The effects of colonialismeffects of colonialism are still alive today with the African are still alive today with the African countriescountries

Border disputesBorder disputes because they were drawn by European powers because they were drawn by European powers Tribal disputesTribal disputes because they were divided along colonial lines because they were divided along colonial lines Little resources for productionLittle resources for production because they were stripped by Europe because they were stripped by Europe Widespread povertyWidespread poverty Corrupt governmentsCorrupt governments

European Imperialism in Africa European Imperialism in Africa drastically altereddrastically altered every every aspect of African life including culture, religion, and politicsaspect of African life including culture, religion, and politics