Imperialism Imperialism is… The policy of establishing colonies and building empires.
Imperialism in Africa. Before Imperialism Diversity 1,000 languages and groups Various sizes of...
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Transcript of Imperialism in Africa. Before Imperialism Diversity 1,000 languages and groups Various sizes of...
Imperialism in
Africa
Before Imperialism
Diversity 1,000 languages and groups Various sizes of political bodies (from villages to empires)
Christian, Muslim and Traditionalist religions Europeans enter the scene 1450 AD
They only could build forts on the coasts because of disease and strong African armies
Wanted slaves and refueling stations to reach Asia
Explorer Dr. David Livingstone
Goal = “Christianity, commerce and civilization” to Africa
Three trips into Africa (1841-73)
Wrote travel-adventure books about Africa’s beauty and vast natural resources
“Discovered” Victoria Falls
The Scramble for Africa
A 33 year period from about 1881 to 1914 when European powers
conquered nearly all of Africa.
The Berlin Conference1884-1885
What: Meeting hosted by Otto von Bismarck, leader of Germany, to make rules for claiming territory in Africa.
Rules created:Colonies had to be "effectively occupied”
(planting a flag does not equal ownership) Had to defend and administer the area
By 1913, only Ethiopia and Liberia were independent
Imperialism in
AfricaCase Studies
OpeningWhat happens to people who don’t unite against a
common threat?
Let’s look at a few specific case studies of imperialism in Africa
Case Study: The Congo
Case Study: The Congo
Before ImperialismRain forest, plateauEarly site of iron and
copper workBantu speaking
peoplesTraded in ivory,
people for slavery
Case Study: The Congo
Motives for ImperialismBelgian King Leopold II
EconomicRubber for shoes and gloves, but
especially automobile tiresIvory, iron, copper
IdeologicalClaimed he wanted to “end the
slave trade”
Case Study: The Congo
Methods of ImperialismBelgian King Leopold II
Enslaved native AfricansOrdered the “Force Publiqu
e” to beat, mutilate and kill to meet quotas for rubber and ivory
Millions were killed
Case Study: The Congo
After ImperialismTime Period (Years) What Happened
The African Congo Free State (1877–1908) Period of King Leopold II’s exploitation
Belgian Congo (1908-1960) Direct rule by Belgium’s parliament
The Congo Crisis (1960 – 1971) Independence leads to civil war
Zaire (1971-1997) Corruption and dictatorship
Democratic Republic of Congo (1997 – ???) Civil wars in neighboring Uganda and Rwanda have spilled into the country
Case Study: The Congo
After ImperialismToday
Civil war continues5 million killed45,000 killed per monthAttacks on civiliansMillions of refugeesChild soldiersRape used as a method of warfare (200,000 reported)
One of the poorest countries in the world
ClosingConsidering what happened in the Congo, people should
unite against a common threat because…
OpeningWhat happens if you have two plants, but only water
one of them?
Case Study: South Africa
Case Study: South Africa
Before ImperialismEarly human sitesUnited by Shaka Zulu“Cape of Good Hope” was a
key port for Europeans on the way to trade in Asia
Dutch settlers called the Boers arrived in 1652
Case Study: South Africa
Motives for ImperialismPolitical Motive
Strategic locationEconomic Motives
1. Diamonds - 18672. Gold -1886
Case Study: South Africa
Methods of ImperialismBritish vs. Zulu (Blacks)
Zulu nearly win with spears and shields!
Zulu lose kingdom (1879) submit to British (1887)
British vs. Boers (Dutch) Boer War (1899 – 1910)
Racial Discrimination
Case Study: South Africa
After ImperialismIndependence from Britain (1910)Racial Discrimination (1910 – 1948)
Laws restricting voting, housing, property, schooling, jobs…
Apartheid (1948 – 1994) Segregation of whites, blacks and mixed
people ends with Nelson Mandela
Case Study: South Africa
After ImperialismToday
80% BlackDeveloping Nation
Economic growth – success story
Huge wealth/income gaps remain between racial groups
ClosingConsidering what happened
in South Africa, people should water all their
plants because…
OpeningCan someone be forced to
change?
Case Study: Ivory Coast
Case Study: Ivory Coast
Before ImperialismLarge rich societies
Kong Empire Gyaaman Baoule
Islam, traditional religions
Transatlantic slave trade (1500 – 1870)
Case Study: Ivory Coast
Before Imperialism
To slavery in the Americas
Case Study: Ivory Coast
Motives for ImperialismPolitical Motive
France wanted all of West Africa
IdeologicalWanted to make West Africa French
Economic MotiveNatural resources – people for slavery,
cocoa, coffee, rubber, and IVORY
Case Study: Ivory Coast
Methods of ImperialismFaster
TransportationControlled trade on the
rivers and in and out of the country’s ports
AssimilationForced Africans to learn
French language, culture and Christianity
Case Study: Ivory Coast
After ImperialismIndependence from
France (1960)Official language is
FrenchIslam, Christianity and
traditional religions are practiced
ClosingConsidering what happened
in the Ivory Coast, people should not force others to
change because…