Imperialism

• Element: Describe imperialism in Africa and Asia by comparing British policies in Africa, French policies in Indochina, and Japanese policies in Asia; include the influence of geography and natural resources.

• Vocabulary: imperialism

ImperialismDescription:

• A stronger nation controls a weaker one

Early Imperialism

• seventeenth century

• Americas

• have trading posts and agreements

New Imperialism• nineteenth century

• Africa and Asia

• wanted direct control over territories

Location

Great Britain:

• West Africa

– Gold Coast

– Nigeria

• North Africa

– Egypt

– Sudan

• South Africa

Location

France:

• Indochina(Indonesia)

– Cambodia

– Laos

– Annam

– Tonkin

– Mekong Delta (Cochinchina)

Location

Japan:

• Korea

• Port Arthur

• Ryukyu Islands (Okinawa)

• Taiwan

Colonial Policies

• ruled either

– Indirectly = allowed local rulers and political elites to rule, made ruling easier and less costly

– Directly = new officials from the mother country were put in charge of taxes, law and order, and other governmental matters

• a response from the Early Imperialism that resulted in the American, Haitian and Latin American Revolutions

Colonial PoliciesGreat Britain:

• protectorate over Gold Coast, Nigeria, Egypt and Sudan

• created the independent Union of South Africa a self-governing nation within the British Empire to appease the Boers(Dutch), the policy was that only whites could vote

• most decisions came from Great Britain, and local rulers rubber-stamped and enforced these decisions, maintaining their power (indirect rule)

Colonial Policies

France:

• France extended protection over neighboring Cambodia, Laos, Annam, and Tonkin

• Protectorate = indirect rule just like with Great Britain in Africa

• imposed direct rule in the southern provinces in the Mekong delta(Cochinchina)

Colonial Policies

Japan:

• the Japanese claimed direct control of the Ryukyu Islands

• annexing Korea in 1910 as a protectorate using indirect control, and pushing assimilation onto the Koreans

Influence of GeographyGreat Britain:

• Berlin Conference – European Powers meet in Berlin to split Africa up to prevent a war in Europe over territory

• controlled the parts of Africa that had an abundance of Natural Resources

• controlled Egypt for the Suez Canal– control trade between the Mediterranean and Red

Sea

– “lifeline to India”

Influence of Geography

France:

• the dense jungles of Indochina were an ideal location for plantations

• wanted to stop British expansion into all of Southeast Asia and to compete with the British colony in India

Influence of Geography

Japan:

• began to obtain control of the trade in the Pacific Ocean especially North Eastern Asia

Natural Resources

• exploit the natural resources and open up markets for Western manufactured goods

• parent countries stressed exporting raw material

• discouraged the development of manufacturing in all colonies, wanted colonies to depend on the mother country for goods

Natural ResourcesGreat Britain:

• Gold, Salt, Diamonds

France:

• teak wood, rubber, tin, spices, tea, coffee, sugar

Japan:

• coal, iron, tea, silk

Reaction to Imperialism

• Element: Describe the reaction to foreign domination; include the Russo-Japanese War and Young Turks, and the Boxer Rebellion.

• Vocabulary: Russo-Japanese War, Young Turks, Boxer Rebellion

Sepoy Mutiny, 1857

Description:

• Mughal rulers declined

• the British East India Company

• hired Indian soldiers, called sepoys, to protect the company’s interests

• in 1857 some Sepoy’s revolted against the British

Sepoy Mutiny, 1857

Reaction to Foreign Dominance:

• revolt of colonized people against mother country

• spread quickly

• British Parliament transferred power of the British East India Company to the British government

• in 1876 Queen Victoria became Empress of India

Boxer Rebellion, 1900

Description:

• Boxer = the Society of Harmonious Fists

• practiced a system of exercise they thought would protect them from bullets (The Matrix)

• upset over foreign influence in China

• killed Christians and foreigners

Boxer Rebellion, 1900

Reaction to Foreign Dominance:

• Western powers and Japan attacked Beijing in 1900

• restored order and demanded more concessions from the Chinese government

• China had to pay for damages

• Chinese imperial government weakend

Russo-Japanese War, 1904-5

Description:

• Russia v. Japan

• over Korea

• Japan launched a surprise attack on the Russian naval base at Port Arthur, Manchuria

Russo-Japanese War, 1904-5

Reaction to Foreign Dominance:

• Japan wins and is established as a world power

• Russia agreed to a humiliating peace in 1905

• first time an Asian country defeated a European country

• Received Liaodong Peninsula, part of an island north of Japan

Young Turks, 1908-9

Description:

• the Ottoman Empire on the decline

• over extended its control of foreign territories

• Ottoman rule ended in North Africa and Greece, and lost much of its territory in Europe

Young Turks, 1908-9Reaction to Foreign Dominance:

• reformers seized the government and adopted a constitution that would form a legislature

• Sultan Abdulhamid II suspended the constitution and ruled by himself

• Young Turks = a group of reformers

• forced the restoration of the constitution in 1908

• deposed the sultan in 1909