1890-1909 AP U.S. History. Why did America practice Imperialism?
Imperialism 1867- 1914. Major Presidents During Imperialism William McKinley 1897-1901Theodore...
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Transcript of Imperialism 1867- 1914. Major Presidents During Imperialism William McKinley 1897-1901Theodore...
Imperialism 1867-Imperialism 1867-19141914
Major Presidents During Major Presidents During ImperialismImperialism
William McKinley 1897-1901
Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909
William H. Taft 1909-1913
Imperialism-DefinitionImperialism-Definition The Policy in The Policy in
which stronger which stronger nations extend nations extend their economic, their economic, political, or political, or military control military control over weaker over weaker territoriesterritories
3 Reasons for American 3 Reasons for American ImperialismImperialism
1. Economic 1. Economic competition for raw competition for raw materials and markets materials and markets for its manufactured for its manufactured goods.goods.
2. Political and Military 2. Political and Military competition, based on competition, based on the need for a powerful the need for a powerful new navynew navy
3. A belief in racial 3. A belief in racial superiority and mission superiority and mission to spread Christianity to spread Christianity and civilization to the and civilization to the worldworld
Anti-ImperialismAnti-Imperialism
Not everyone Not everyone agreed U.S. should agreed U.S. should expandexpand Some felt it was Some felt it was
morally wrongmorally wrong Some felt it cost too Some felt it cost too
much moneymuch money
America Expands-AlaskaAmerica Expands-Alaska
““SewardSeward’’s Follys Folly””-the -the purchase of Alaskapurchase of Alaska 1867, US bought 1867, US bought
Alaska from Russia Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million (2 for $7.2 million (2 cents an acre)cents an acre)
People thought People thought Alaska was frozen Alaska was frozen wasteland and a wasteland and a huge mistakehuge mistake
William SewardThomas Nast cartoon of Seward
America Expands-HawaiiAmerica Expands-Hawaii
Annex-to Annex-to acquire/take overacquire/take over
1898-United States/ 1898-United States/ President McKinley President McKinley annexed Hawaiiannexed Hawaii Overthrow of Queen Overthrow of Queen
Lil, and Native Lil, and Native HawaiiansHawaiians
Wanted access to Wanted access to China and EastChina and East
Sanford B. Dole
Last Queen of Hawaii, Lil
The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War 18981898
Cuba was fighting Spain Cuba was fighting Spain for Independencefor Independence
Jose Marti`-Cuban leaderJose Marti`-Cuban leader Spain put 300,000 civilians Spain put 300,000 civilians
in concentration camps in concentration camps American newspapers American newspapers
began writing exaggerated began writing exaggerated claims of Spanish brutality claims of Spanish brutality towards Cubans that towards Cubans that became known as became known as Yellow Yellow JournalismJournalism -exaggerated -exaggerated news to lure new readersnews to lure new readers
“Yellow Kid” Cartoon
Newspaper drawing about Spanish officials strip searching U.S. woman
Jose Marti
Yellow JournalismYellow Journalism
Two New York Two New York Journalists race to Journalists race to sell the most paperssell the most papers
Joseph Pulitzer and Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph William Randolph Hearst publish lies Hearst publish lies about the war to about the war to sell the most paperssell the most papers
Joseph Pulitzer
William Randolph Hearst
The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War 18981898
3 reasons U.S. enters 3 reasons U.S. enters WarWar 1. yellow journalism1. yellow journalism 2. DeLome Letter-2. DeLome Letter-
Spanish ambassador Spanish ambassador claims Pres. McKinley claims Pres. McKinley is is ““weakweak””
3. The 3. The U.S.S. MaineU.S.S. Maine mysteriously blows up mysteriously blows up in Havana and the in Havana and the U.S. blames SpainU.S. blames Spain
““The Splendid Little WarThe Splendid Little War””
U.S. attacks U.S. attacks Spanish fleet at Spanish fleet at Manila Bay in Manila Bay in Philippines Philippines (Spanish territory)(Spanish territory)
U.S. and Filipino U.S. and Filipino forces quickly forces quickly defeat Spanishdefeat Spanish
““The Splendid Little WarThe Splendid Little War””
War in CubaWar in Cuba Fighting is somewhat Fighting is somewhat
fiercefierce Teddy Roosevelt leads Teddy Roosevelt leads
a group of volunteers a group of volunteers called called The Rough The Rough RidersRiders in the Battle of in the Battle of San Juan Hill in CubaSan Juan Hill in Cuba
Rough Riders play Rough Riders play only small part, but only small part, but Roosevelt gets famousRoosevelt gets famous
African-American Unit that fought along side Rough Riders
Rough Riders
San Juan Hill
Treaty of Paris 1898Treaty of Paris 1898
Spain grants Cuba its Spain grants Cuba its IndependenceIndependence
U.S. gets the U.S. gets the Philippines, Puerto Philippines, Puerto Rico, and GuamRico, and Guam
Platt Amendment Platt Amendment allowed the U.S. to allowed the U.S. to intervene in Cubaintervene in Cuba’’s s affairs, which U.S. did affairs, which U.S. did on multiple occasions. on multiple occasions. Guantanamo BayGuantanamo Bay
Cuba became a Cuba became a Protectorate of U.S.Protectorate of U.S.
“Stand back, there, gol darn ye! If you force this thing to a fifth act, remember that’s where I git in my work” is the caption
1. What roles has the artist assigned to each of the countries?
2. What symbolic elements does he use to characterize each of the three countries?
3. In what direction is the artist hoping to influence public opinion in 1896?
This cartoon dates to 1898 shortly after the war
1.What symbols are used to represent the various nations involved in the unfolding drama of the birth of the American empire?
2.How does the portrayal of Cuba in this cartoon compare with the previous cartoon?
1. Is there a 1. Is there a contrasting contrasting underlying message underlying message in this cartoon in this cartoon compared with the compared with the previous cartoon?previous cartoon?
2. This cartoon says 2. This cartoon says ““Its really most Its really most extraordinary what extraordinary what training will do. training will do. Why, only the other Why, only the other day I thought that day I thought that man unable to man unable to support himselfsupport himself””
Interpret what that Interpret what that means in regards to means in regards to American American Imperialism. Imperialism.
““WonWon’’t you join the stars and t you join the stars and be my forty-sixth?be my forty-sixth?
1. What is the significance of 1. What is the significance of Cuba being represented as Cuba being represented as white and attractive or white and attractive or voluptuous?voluptuous?
2. Explain the apparent 2. Explain the apparent intention of the artist in the intention of the artist in the context of 1901, when Spanish context of 1901, when Spanish troops had left Cuba and the troops had left Cuba and the United States continued its United States continued its military occupation of the military occupation of the island?island?
““After the First MileAfter the First Mile”” is is the title.the title.
1. How is Cuba 1. How is Cuba characterized? characterized? Compare this to the Compare this to the Cuba in the previous Cuba in the previous Cartoon.Cartoon.
2. What do you 2. What do you suppose is the artistsuppose is the artist’’s s attitude toward the attitude toward the possibility of Cuba possibility of Cuba being annexed as a being annexed as a state of the United state of the United States?States?
3. What symbols does 3. What symbols does the artists use to the artists use to represent stability, represent stability, order, prosperity? order, prosperity?
““And to think that bad And to think that bad boy came near to boy came near to being your brother!being your brother!”” is is the caption at the the caption at the bottombottom
1. This cartoon was 1. This cartoon was published in 1905 and published in 1905 and compares Cuba and compares Cuba and Puerto Rico. What Puerto Rico. What symbols are used to symbols are used to create contrast?create contrast?
2. Note the racial 2. Note the racial representation of both representation of both islands. What is the islands. What is the historical context historical context behind these behind these seemingly opposite seemingly opposite outcomes?outcomes?
Philippine-American WarPhilippine-American War
Filipinos were Filipinos were outraged when U.S. outraged when U.S. did not grant did not grant independenceindependence
War lasted for 3 years War lasted for 3 years 1899 to 19021899 to 1902 20,000 Filipinos died20,000 Filipinos died 4,000 U.S. troops died4,000 U.S. troops died
Needed Philippines for Needed Philippines for easier access to Chinaeasier access to China
New York Journal –example of Yellow Journalism during Philippine-American War
China Open Door PolicyChina Open Door Policy
Spheres of Influence-Spheres of Influence-European nations had European nations had divided up China for divided up China for trading purposestrading purposes
1899 John Hay (Sec. of 1899 John Hay (Sec. of State) called forState) called for 1. open access to all of 1. open access to all of
ChinaChina’’s coastal ports to s coastal ports to all countriesall countries
2. eliminate special 2. eliminate special privileges for any privileges for any trading nationstrading nations
3. maintenance of 3. maintenance of ChinaChina’’s independences independence
Boxer RebellionBoxer Rebellion
An attempt by a group An attempt by a group of Chinese known as of Chinese known as the Boxers, in which the Boxers, in which they attempted to they attempted to expel all Westerners expel all Westerners and Western and Western influences from China. influences from China.
Rebellion was put Rebellion was put down by joint Western down by joint Western forcesforces
3 American Beliefs reflected in 3 American Beliefs reflected in Open Door PolicyOpen Door Policy
1. Growth of 1. Growth of American economy American economy depended on exportsdepended on exports
2. America had the 2. America had the right to intervene right to intervene abroad to keep foreign abroad to keep foreign markets openmarkets open
3. A fear that closing 3. A fear that closing of an area to American of an area to American products, citizens, or products, citizens, or ideas threatened U.S. ideas threatened U.S. survivalsurvival
America As World PowerAmerica As World Power
Great White FleetGreat White Fleet New all steel fleet New all steel fleet
of a dozen or so of a dozen or so ships that TR sent ships that TR sent around the world to around the world to show U.S. show U.S. dominancedominance
Painted whitePainted white
Great White’s World Wide Tour
America As World PowerAmerica As World Power
Panama CanalPanama Canal Built to connect Built to connect
Atlantic and Pacific Atlantic and Pacific OceanOcean
Cutting travel time of Cutting travel time of U.S. ships by halfU.S. ships by half
Panama was province Panama was province of Colombia, but TR of Colombia, but TR helped Panama get its helped Panama get its Independence to get Independence to get Canal builtCanal built
Teddy Roosevelt got Teddy Roosevelt got creditcredit
Roosevelt and Latin AmericaRoosevelt and Latin America
Monroe Doctrine-Monroe Doctrine- 1823 James Monroe 1823 James Monroe told European nations told European nations to stay out of Western to stay out of Western HemisphereHemisphere
Roosevelt Corollary-Roosevelt Corollary- Roosevelt restated Roosevelt restated Monroe Doctrine, it Monroe Doctrine, it was an extension to it was an extension to it and called for U.S. to and called for U.S. to be be ““police manpolice man”” for for hemispherehemisphere
Roosevelt and Latin AmericaRoosevelt and Latin America
Gunboat DiplomacyGunboat Diplomacy Use force to Use force to
accomplish goals in accomplish goals in world, especially world, especially Latin AmericaLatin America
““Speak softly and Speak softly and carry a big stick; you carry a big stick; you will go farwill go far””-famous -famous saying by Teddy saying by Teddy
Taft and Latin AmericaTaft and Latin America
Dollar DiplomacyDollar Diplomacy Invest money into a Invest money into a
country to help country to help strengthen that strengthen that countrycountry’’s economy in s economy in hopes of preventing hopes of preventing revolutionsrevolutions
By investing money, it By investing money, it normally meant U.S. normally meant U.S. corporations in Latin corporations in Latin American countriesAmerican countries
Wilson and Latin AmericaWilson and Latin America
Moral Diplomacy-Moral Diplomacy- WilsonWilson’’s philosophy of s philosophy of
extending moral extending moral standards to foreign standards to foreign policypolicy
Wilson told the world Wilson told the world the U.S. will never take the U.S. will never take anymore territories.anymore territories.
Wilson did send in Wilson did send in troops to Latin troops to Latin American countries to American countries to stop revolutionsstop revolutions
Achievements During Achievements During ImperialismImperialism
U.S. expanded access to U.S. expanded access to foreign markets to foreign markets to ensure economic ensure economic growthgrowth
Built a modern Navy to Built a modern Navy to protect its interest protect its interest abroadabroad
Became an international Became an international police force to ensure police force to ensure domestic dominance in domestic dominance in Latin AmericaLatin America