Imperial ChinaCollapses

Chapter 14Section 3

Early 1900’s•Ready for Revolution•Years of humiliation from

outsiders•Foreign countries control its

trade and economic resources•Desire to build army and navy,

build factories, reform education

Qing Dynasty Falls•Kuomintang: Nationalist Party

–Pushed for Modernization/Nationalism

•Sun Yixian(yishan): First leader of the Kuomintang

•Qing Dyanasty ruled China since 1644

•1911, last emperor is overthrown

Sun Yixian

New republic•“Three Principles of the People”–Nationalism: end to foreign control

–Peoples Rights: democracy–Peoples Livelihood: economic security for all Chinese

Shaky Start•Sun Yixian unfit as a

national leader•Civil war breaks out in China

WWI Problems• China joins world war I on the side of the

Allies with HIGH HOPES

• The Treaty of Versailles will turn German territory over to Japan!

• The May 4th Movement………

• (Remember Lenin……., communism??)

WWI Problems•May 4, 1919, over 3000 angry

students gather in Beijing•“May Fourth Movement”•Not an official revolution,

showed Chinese dedication towards modernization and nationalism

Communism•People turn away from Sun Yixian’s beliefs

•Begin favoring Vladamir Lenin’s political beliefs

•Influenced heavily by Soviet communism

Communism•1921, A group meets in

Shanghai to create the Chinese Communist Party

•Mao Zedong, at the time a librarian, was a founder of the party and became China’s greatest revolutionary leader

Mao Zedong

Communism•Lenin helps China’s Nationalist

government•Sun Yixian dies in 1925, Chiang Kai-shek takes over Kuomintang

•Kai-shek fears the Communist goals of socialist economy

•Peasant in the Kuomintang split off and join the Communists

Chiang Kai-Shek

Communists/Nationalists•Kai-Shek worked with

Communists at first•Eventually turned against them•April 1927, the Nationalists kill

many Communist leaders and trade union members

•1928, Kai-shek becomes president of Nationalist Republic of China

•SUPPORTED BY UNITED STATES

Pres. Kai-Shek•Great Britain and U.S. formally

recognized the new government

•Soviet Union refused because they killed so many Communists

•Communist Party in China was almost totally wiped out

More Civil War•Remaining Communists are

outraged•1930, a long and bloody civil

war breaks out btwn Communists and Nationalists

•Kai-shek gathers 700k men at The Long March in 1933

Kuomintang 1932

The Long March•Nationalist army surrounds

the Communist stronghold•100k Communist forces fled,

still led by Mao Zedong•6000 mile long journey (long

march) barely stay ahead of Nat’ls

•After a year, they settle in caves in NW China

The Long March

COURTESY: MICROSOFT ENCARTA ENCYCLOPEDIA

Japanese Invade•Chinese civil war going on•Japan takes advantage of situation•They invade Manchuria (NE China)•Manchuria also called Manchukuo•1937, all out Japanese invasion•1938, Japan causes a truce between

Mao and Chiang Kai-shek

Japanese Invade