Impact of trail network on landscape MSc. Ondřej Vítek Impact of road and tourist trail network on...
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Transcript of Impact of trail network on landscape MSc. Ondřej Vítek Impact of road and tourist trail network on...
Impact of trail network on Impact of trail network on landscapelandscape
MSc. Ondřej Vítek
Impact of road and tourist trail network on alpine and subalpine landscape in the Krkonoše Mts. - GPS measurements and GIS evaluation
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
The Krkonoše Mts. National Park AdministrationThe Krkonoše Mts. National Park AdministrationVrchlabí, Czech RepublicVrchlabí, Czech Republic
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
WHAT - introductionHOW - methodsWHICH - overview of collected dataWHY - problems of measurementHOW - GIS evaluationWHAT - some interesting results
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
WHAT - introductionHOW - methodsHOW - methodsWHICH - overview of collected dataWHICH - overview of collected dataWHY - problems of measurementWHY - problems of measurementHOW - GIS evaluationHOW - GIS evaluationWHAT - some interesting resultsWHAT - some interesting results
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
Krkonoše - outstanding nature visible problem - road effect:
expansion & invasion indicators: individuals vs. communities area of interest
targets: Find out the extent of non-natural growths
Find out main reasons for distribution/extinction
Propose improving activities
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
KRKONOŠE MTS.KRKONOŠE MTS. National park (1963) Krkonoše/Karkonosze Biosphere reserve (1992) Weak subalpine nature vs. tourism
– grassland, peat-bogs, corries, Swiss Mountain Pine stands, …
– trails & roads, chalets, viewpoints, tourists, ...
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
natural statenatural statenaturally occuring species
(no influence)
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
expansionexpansionstable species
expanding species (positive influence of trail network)
disappearing species (negative influence of trail network)
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
expansionexpansionstable species
expanding species (positive influence of trail network)
disappearing species (negative influence of trail network)
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
expansionexpansionstable species
expanding species (positive influence of trail network)
disappearing species (negative influence of trail network)
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
expansionexpansionstable species
expanding species (positive influence of trail network)
disappearing species (negative influence of trail network)
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
expansionexpansionstable species
expanding species (positive influence of trail network)
disappearing species (negative influence of trail network)
f
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
natural statenatural statenaturally occuring species
(no influence)
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
invasioninvasionstable species
expanding species (positive influence of trail network)
disappearing species (negative influence of trail network)
invading species
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
invasioninvasionstable species
expanding species (positive influence of trail network)
disappearing species (negative influence of trail network)
invading species
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
invasioninvasionstable species
expanding species (positive influence of trail network)
disappearing species (negative influence of trail network)
invading species
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
invasioninvasionf
stable species
expanding species (positive influence of trail network)
disappearing species (negative influence of trail network)
invading species
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
Indicators: individuals vs. communitiesIndicators: individuals vs. communities
expansion & invasion - pictures of individuals
summarising research - mapping of communities (all or only several types)
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
Area of interestArea of interest Krkonoše Mts. - high tourism exploatation
and outstanding nature alpine nature - little visible influence on
vegetation mountain veg. belt - giant impact of
forestry subalpine communities - effect of trails
best visible
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
Area of interest IIArea of interest II
6.8 km2 on Czech side until 1999ca 10 km2 on both Czech and Polish
sides since 1999
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
Krkonoše - outstanding natureKrkonoše - outstanding nature visible problem - road effect:visible problem - road effect:
expansion & invasionexpansion & invasion indicators: individuals vs. communitiesindicators: individuals vs. communities area of interestarea of interest
targets: Find out the extent of non-natural growths
Find out main reasons for distribution/extinction
Propose improving activities
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
WHAT - introductionWHAT - introductionHOW - methodsWHICH - overview of collected dataWHICH - overview of collected dataWHY - problems of measurementWHY - problems of measurementHOW - GIS evaluationHOW - GIS evaluationWHAT - some interesting resultsWHAT - some interesting results
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
target 1: Find out the extent of non-natural growths
GPS - position & info (database)GIS - maintenance and evaluation of
data
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
target 2: Find out main reasons for distribution/extinction
GIS - combination of GPS data (e.g. average width of TMV vs. trail stabilising material)
other sampling methods (counting tourists, botany, water, soil etc.)
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
target 3: Propose improving activities
complex analysis of all data, field observations and experience
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
WHAT - introductionWHAT - introductionHOW - methodsHOW - methodsWHICH - overview of collected dataWHY - problems of measurementWHY - problems of measurementHOW - GIS evaluationHOW - GIS evaluationWHAT - some interesting resultsWHAT - some interesting results
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
TRIMBLE data dictionary (.ddf)TRIMBLE data dictionary (.ddf)community according to dominant (menu)
Senecio hercynicusRumex alpinusCirsium heterophyllumCalamagrostis villosaDeschampsia cespitosaruderal comm. around chaletstrampled grassveg. covering < 20%
other comm. (text) - different type or co-dominants
AREA
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
TRIMBLE data dictionary (.ddf)TRIMBLE data dictionary (.ddf)trail according to restrictions (menu)
openclosed
according to stabilising material (menu)
asphaltdolomitemelaphyredolomite/melaphyre mix.autochthonous stab.non-stabilised
according to seasonality (menu)summerwinterfull-year
LINE
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
TRIMBLE data dictionary (.ddf)TRIMBLE data dictionary (.ddf)individual species (menu)
sampling point (number)
viewpoint (text)
drainage (menu)
phytosociological relevé (number)
bunkercrossroad sign (text + number)
frontier stone (text)
anthropogenous relief shapes (menu + number)
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
WHAT - introductionWHAT - introductionHOW - methodsHOW - methodsWHICH - overview of collected dataWHICH - overview of collected dataWHY - problems of measurementHOW - GIS evaluationHOW - GIS evaluationWHAT - some interesting resultsWHAT - some interesting results
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
Definition of bordersDefinition of borders
trails
vegetation types
asphalt
gravel
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
Difference between area/line/pointDifference between area/line/pointspecies occurrence (area/point)
how many idividuals are 1 point?
roads/trails/paths (area/line)
community (area/0) - comm. width < GPS accuracy
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
PDOPPDOP
max. 6 → accuracy +- 40 cmmax. ? → inaccuracy max. 40 cm
periods of PDOP >> 6
distance to the reference station
(150 km)
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
other problems of field measurementother problems of field measurement
stormy weather
„swinging“ of antenna while walking
inquisitive tourists
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
WHAT - introductionWHAT - introductionHOW - methodsHOW - methodsWHICH - overview of collected dataWHICH - overview of collected dataWHY - problems of measurementWHY - problems of measurementHOW - GIS evaluationWHAT - some interesting resultsWHAT - some interesting results
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
ArcView, ARC/INFOArcView, ARC/INFO
under constructionprecision checked with othophotos
and digitalised mapsGIS database - sums of area, length
(total or by categories)
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
average width of TMVaverage width of TMV
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
trails according to tourist loadtrails according to tourist load
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
WHAT - introductionWHAT - introductionHOW - methodsHOW - methodsWHICH - overview of collected dataWHICH - overview of collected dataWHY - problems of measurementWHY - problems of measurementHOW - GIS evaluationHOW - GIS evaluationWHAT - some interesting results
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
oldest trail: map from 16th centurynew roads & bunkers before II.wwtrail density: > 4.5 km/km2
trails: 1 % of the area (71 % trails stabilised with allochthonous mat.)
summer use: 19 km (on 6.8 km2 area)
winter use: 15.5 kmmax. tourists: > 700 in ave. day
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
area of TMV 3 %of AOIabsolutely dominating Senecio
hercynicus (expanding species)bioindicator of worst stands: Rumex
alpinusave. TMV width along asph. r.: 32 mnon-stabilised trails: no TMV
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
dolomite (limestone): Cadolomite (limestone): Ca2+2+
asphalt road - Calcium
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38
distance to margin of trail [m]
mg/
kg
road
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
WHAT - introductionWHAT - introductionHOW - methodsHOW - methodsWHICH - overview of collected dataWHICH - overview of collected dataWHY - problems of measurementWHY - problems of measurementHOW - GIS evaluationHOW - GIS evaluationWHAT - some interesting resultsWHAT - some interesting results
GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science
Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic
Ondřej VítekOndřej Ví[email protected]
www.labgis.natur.cuni.cz- our GIS laboratory @ FSc, ChU, Praha
www.krnap.cz- The Krkonoše Mts. NP Administration, Vrchlabí