Impact of Sensor Networks on Future InterNet Design David E. Culler University of California,...
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Transcript of Impact of Sensor Networks on Future InterNet Design David E. Culler University of California,...
Impact of Sensor Networks on Future InterNet Design
David E. CullerUniversity of California, Berkeley
Arched Rock [email protected]
NSF FIND Info Meeting12-5-2005
12/5/05 NSF FIND 2
What does the Internet look like in 10 years?
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
Low resolution Sensor, Test4, Increasing frequency
Time (sec)
Acc
eler
atio
n (g
)
12/5/05 NSF FIND 3
In 10 years…
• 90% of the nodes on the “Internet” will embedded devices connected to the physical world
• Universal, host-host file-transfer and console access is the dominant usage pattern…..
NOT!
• So does it make sense to pay attention to the characteristics of these kind of nodes and applications in designing the future Internet?
12/5/05 NSF FIND 4
Transit Network (IP or not)
Access point - Base station - Proxy
Sensor Patch
Patch Network
Data Service
Intranet/Internet (IP)
Client Data Browsingand Processing
Sensor Node
GatewayGateway
Verification links
Other information sources
Sensor Node
Canonical Sensor Net Architecture Today
•An Analysis of a Large Scale Habitat Monitoring Application, Szewczyk, Polastre, Mainwaring, Anderson, and Culler, Sensys04
12/5/05 NSF FIND 5
The Next Tier
• Small sensors will be the most common nodes on the internet
• How will they be represented and accessed?
Clients Servers
Sensor Nets
12/5/05 NSF FIND 6
How will SensorNets and IP play together?
802.15.4, CC, …802.11Ethernet Sonet
IP
TCP / UDP
HTTP / FTP / SNMP
XML / RPC / REST / SOAP / OSGI
12/5/05 NSF FIND 7
Full IP stack throughout
802.15.4, CC, …802.11Ethernet Sonet
TCP / UDP
HTTP / FTP / SNMP
XML / RPC / REST / SOAP / OSGI
IP
12/5/05 NSF FIND 8
Beware “IP hype”
• Transmitting HTML over a wireless connection to a serial port attached to a PC is NOT running IP on the sensor network
12/5/05 NSF FIND 9
Where has Internet Research Reached and “struggled”?
• Aggregate communication => Multicast
• Resource constraints => QoS, DIFFSERV
• Communicate with data or logical services, not
just devices => URNs (DHTs?)
• Mobility => MobileIP, MANET
• In-network processing and storage => ActiveNets
• Intermittent connectivity => DTN ???
12/5/05 NSF FIND 10
What are the main characteristics of Sensor Networks?• Aggregate communication
– dissemination, data collection, aggregation
• Resource constraints– Limited bandwidth, limited storage, limited energy
• Communicate with data or logical services, not just devices
– Datacentric
• Mobility– Devices moving, tags, networks moving through networks
• In-network processing and storage– Really
• Intermittent connectivity– Low-power operation, out of range, obstructions
12/5/05 NSF FIND 11
Facing these challenges
• Today, we use a wide range of ad hoc, application specific techniques in the SensorNet patch
– Zillion different low-power MACs
– Many link-specific, app-specific multihop routing protocols
– Epidemic dissemination, directed diffusion, synopsis diffusion, …
– All sorts of communication scheduling and power management techniques
12/5/05 NSF FIND 12
Edge Network Approach
802.15.4, CC, …802.11Ethernet Sonet
IP
TCP / UDP
HTTP / FTP / SNMP
XML / RPC / REST / SOAP / OSGI
Pro
xy
/ Ga
tew
ay
12/5/05 NSF FIND 13
“Hacking it in” may not be so bad
• Security– No IP to the nodes, attacks have to get through the gateway or
be physically close
• Namespace management– Name nodes, networks, services– Hosts, URLs, …
• Mask intermittent connectivity– Terminate IP on the powered side– Loosely couple, energy aware protocols on the other
• Distillation proxies– Small binary packets where constrained– Expanded to full text, XML, HTML, web services
• Rich suite of networking techniques in the Patch unimpeded by the “ossification” of the rest
12/5/05 NSF FIND 14
Rethinking at Layer 7
IP Overlay NetworkGateways
SensorNet Patch
12/5/05 NSF FIND 15
Opportunity to rethink more deeply
• No dusty-decks yet
• Not a bunch of laptops running around with their sockets open trying to route through other laptops running around…
• Meaningful set of applications and associated traffic loads
– Environments, individual objects, interactions
• Chance to think through control as well as monitoring
• Physical embedding matters
• Techniques are likely to apply to the rest of the Internet
12/5/05 NSF FIND 16
Traditional Analysis
Delivered Performance
Offered Load
12/5/05 NSF FIND 17
Analysis that really matters
Reliability
Energy Expended
Delay
Traffic Load
Traffic Variability
Environmental variability
Bandwidth
Changes in network population
Mobility
12/5/05 NSF FIND 18
SensorNets need the Wisdom of the “Internet Architecture”
• Design for change!• Network protocols must work over a wide
variety of links– Links will evolve
• Network protocols must work for a variety of applications
– Applications will evolve
• Provide only simple primitives– Don’t confuse the networking standard with a
programming methodology
• Don’t try to lock-in your advantage in the spec
• Open process• Rough consensus AND running code
12/5/05 NSF FIND 19
XETF (Xternet Engineering and Technology Forum) ???
• Mission– Foster an open, innovative, and technically sound ecosystem around
interconnecting the physical world with modern networking and information technology through the creation of technical documents, protocols, reference implementations and APIs.
• Structure– Lean. Volunteer: BOD, steering comm., working groups.
• Membership– Individuals, corporate, academic, and gov’t
• Participation– Open. Role determined by contribution.
• IP Policy– Non-confidential. Disclosure and Contribution process. – Companies can develop own implementation.– BSD? Apache-like credit? MPL? LGPL?
• Output– RFC-like documents, reference implementations, forum for exchange and viz.– “Rough consensus AND running code”
12/5/05 NSF FIND 20
Uniting long-lost relatives
General Purpose Computing Instrumentation Computers
Mainframe
Minicomputer
Workstation
PC
VME
Dedicated Controllers
Home Automation
Building Automation
12/5/05 NSF FIND 21
Tides of Change
Log Stuff
Time
The successor emerges when prior regime is at its apex of strength – not at a point of weakness.
What was previously hard becomes easy, but its successor becomes possible…
Integration
Innovation
The Future Internet probably exists today; go find it
12/5/05 NSF FIND 22
Discussion