Welcome to our Presentation

Group: Sea Horse

Submitted By Md. Solaiman Hossain

Roll: SH 284M Shahanul Islam

Roll: SH 115MS 2nd Semester

Dept. of Oceanography

IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE

MARINE FISHERIES OF

BANGLADESH

Content

SL. Section

1 Introduction

2 Vulnerable countries

3 Specific Impacts

4 Resultant Impacts And Economic Losses

5 Conclusions

6 Reference

IntroductionBangladesh is bounded by the Bay of Bengal on its southern

boundary. The coast line of the country is approximately 710 km in length and the area of the sea Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is estimated to cover 200 nautical miles.

The fisheries of Bangladesh are attributed by the nature of the water bodies of the country.

In 2009- 2010 fiscal year a total of 2.89 million metric ton of fish were produced in the country.

Of them 17.85% of fish was produced from the sea, while 46.62% from the inland culture sector and 35.53% from the inland capture fisheries sector.

Changes in the Bay of Bengal(According to IPCC1)

Climate trends, variability and extreme events

• Average temperature has registered an increasing trend of about 1°C in May and 0.5°C in November during the 14 –year period from 1985 to 1998.

• The annual mean rainfall has been increasing and decadal rain anomalies have exceeded the long-term average since 1960s.

• Serious and recurring floods have taken place during 2002, 2003 and 2004. Cyclones originating from the Bay of Bengal have been noted to decrease since 1970 but the intensity has increased.

• Frequency of monsoon depressions and cyclone formation in the Bay of Bengal has increased.

• Salt water from the Bay of Bengal is reported to have penetrated 100 km or more inland along tributary channels during the dry season.

Vulnerable countries

SPECIFIC IMPACTSON

MARINE FISHERIES

Effects on reproduction and growth of fish:

Erratic and irregular rainfall & temperature change will affect maturity and gonad development of fishes

Higher water temperature may bring changes in – physiology and sex ratios of fished species, – altered timing of spawning, – migrations, and/or – changes in timing and levels of productivity – increased invasive species – diseases and algal blooms.

Increased salinity and

change in water quality can :

– change in species composition – change in distribution of species– clear change in seasonal abundance of individual fish.

Result: a change in fish culture practices in the affected areas.

Increased flooding and erosion can result

• change in habitat quality • natural habitats being destroyed. • destroy breeding sites. • reduced productivity • change in migration pattern

Alteration of marine ecosystems due to climate change has both direct and indirect effects on fish – their reproduction, migration and survival.

On the basis of different vulnerability indicators for accelerated sea level rise, in 1986, WHOI produced a list of 27 low-lying countries.

The list was headed by Bangladesh.

The Bay of Bengal acts as – a funnel for storm events, – creating severe storm surges.

These can raise sea level above tidal height and devastate a low-lying coast like that of Bangladesh.

• The Sundarbans can be wiped out by a 1 m rise in sea level.5

BoB

Effects on Sundarban

• Loss of the Sundarbans would be catastrophic • A loss – of heritage, of biodiversity, – of fisheries resources, – of life and livelihoods and – of a very high productive ecosystem.

• Sea level rise can decrease availability of light for corals and thereby their growth.

• It can destroy St. Martin’s island, the only highly productive coral island of Bangladesh.

Environment

Fisheries

Livelihood

After Effects

Resultant Impacts And Economic Losses

• In vulnerability study of 132 national economies to potential climate change impacts on their capture fisheries using an indicator-based approach found Bangladesh and three others in the most vulnerable category among the tropical Asian countries.4

• Some research found that this vulnerability was due to the combined effect of – predicted warming – the relative importance of fisheries to national economies and diets– limited societal capacity to adapt to potential impacts and

opportunities.

After Effects

Coastal people’s income vulnerability: – The salinity intrusion shall have impact on land. – Increase in shrimp culture– disease will appear and – destroy the corps in future.

Salainity Intrusion

Change in migratory routes of important species:

• Migratory routes of species may change like Tuna and Catadromous Hilsha and Bagda chingri.

• change in food chain. • change in the location of the fishing grounds

will also occur.

Example: • Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) is the national fish of Bangladesh. It accounts for

13-14 percent (valued at around Tk 6000 million, 1.3 % of GDP) of the total fish production of Bangladesh.

• During the last two decades hilsa production from inland waters declined about 20 percent, whereas marine water yield increased threefold.

• Major hilsa catch has gradually shifted from inland to marine waters.

• Recent studies reveal that the availability of hilsa is gradually declining in the Padma and Meghna river catchment areas.

• Result: hilsa production in the rivers has been going down, while that in marine waters has been going up.

Impacts on other marine fishes

• Similar conditions might occur for other marine fish/shrimp species, but no study has yet been carried out in Bangladesh.

Inland fishing operations and livelihoods:

• Due to change in precipitation, – more droughts or floods, and – less predictable wet/dry seasons

There will be reduced opportunities:

– for farming, fishing and – aquaculture as part of rural livelihood systems, – damage to productive assets (fish ponds, rice fields, etc.)

and homes; – and reduced ability to plan seasonal livelihood activities.

Coastal infrastructure and fishing operations:

Due to sea level rise and increased frequency of storms, there will be changes • in coastal profile • loss of harbors and homes

Livelihood will be greatly affected for coastal fisher communities due to fewer days at sea and increased risk of accidents as well as damages to – aquaculture installations (shrimp hatchery). – Costs of adaptation will increase and – may make fishing less profitable.

Water logging and drainage congestion:

Due to – increased rainfall

water logged areas will be expanded specially in the coastal polders.

This will reduce SHRIMP CULTURE AREA resultant in loss of production and income of farmers.

Cyclone Damage:

Cyclone SIDR caused significant damages to fisheries production.

The preliminary damage and loss assessment, for the crops, livestock, and fisheries, is reported by Government of Bangladesh as around USD 6.71 million.

Because the agriculture sector consists primarily of private farmers and fishers, with few exceptions, almost all the damage and loss occurred in the private sector.

CONCLUSION

• Governmental approach• NGO activities• Researcher’s involvement • Awareness

References:

1. IPCC. (2001). Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

2. UNDP, 2004. A Global Report: Reducing Disaster Risk: A Challenge for Development. http://www.undp.org/bcpr.

3. Gaughan, J.B., Lacetera, N., Valtorta, S.E., Khalifa, H.H., Hahn, G.L. and Mader, T.L. (2009). ‘Adaptive responses of domestic (farm animals) to climate challenges’. In: G.R. McGregor, R. de Dear, K.L. Ebi, D. Scott, S. Sheridan and M.D. Schwartz (eds.), iometeorology for Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change, 1 ed., pp. 131-170. Germany: Springer.

4. Edward H. Allison, Allison L. Perry, Marie-Caroline Badjeck, W. Neil Adger, Katrina Brown, Declan Conway, Ashley S. Halls, Graham M. Pilling, John D. Reynolds, Neil L. Andrew & Nicholas K. Dulvy. (2009). ‘Vulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate change on fisheries’. Fish and Fisheries, 10:173–196.

5. World Bank, 2000. Bangladesh. Climate Change & Sustainable Development. Report No. 21104 BD, Dhaka.

Any Q?