Immutable infrastructure:觀念與實作 (建議)
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Transcript of Immutable infrastructure:觀念與實作 (建議)
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#JCConf
William Yeh
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#JCConf
William Yeh
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immutable infrastructure”
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immutable infrastructure”
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#JCConf
William Yeh
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#JCConf
William Yeh
http://s
end.wtf/
jcconf20
15
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#JCConf
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im‧mutable
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im‧mutable
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#JCConf
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Entropy
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Entropy
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#JCConf
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#JCConf
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Q:
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7%
A:
lysosomes
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#JCConf
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#JCConf
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#JCConf
DNA
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#JCConf
DNA
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#JCConf
DNA
lysosomes
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#JCConf
DNA
lysosomes
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#JCConf
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How about computers?
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Entropy?
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#JCConf
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“HAProxy has been installed on Linux 2.4 systems serving millions of pages every day, and which have only known one reboot in 3 years for a complete OS upgrade.”
Reliability - keeping high-traffic sites online since 2002
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“HAProxy has been installed on Linux 2.4 systems serving millions of pages every day, and which have only known one reboot in 3 years for a complete OS upgrade.”
Reliability - keeping high-traffic sites online since 2002
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im‧mutable
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im‧mutable
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im‧mutable
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im‧mutable
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In OOP and FP, an immutable object is an object whose state cannot be modified after it is created.
immutable objects
JCConf 2015Universal Scalaby Walter Chang
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In OOP and FP, an immutable object is an object whose state cannot be modified after it is created.
String s = "ABC";s.toLowerCase();
immutable objects
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String s = "ABC";s.toLowerCase();
Why immutable objects?• simpler to understand• inherently thread-safe• offer higher security than mutable objects.
immutable objects
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“How to sort in-place using the merge sort algorithm?”
immutable objects algorithms
• Too complex to be reduced to practical program.
• Knuth left this as an exercise (Vol 3, 5.2.5). There do exists in-place merge sort. It must be implemented carefully.
http://stackoverflow.com/q/2571049/714426
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CTAS: Create Table As Select
immutable objects algorithms
• Faster than ALTER TABLE.
• … with some constraints… Google it!
http://stackoverflow.com/q/2571049/714426
databases
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DHH (David Heinemeier Hansson)Creator of Rails.
immutable objects algorithms databases applications
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immutable objects algorithms
http://smalltalk.xdite.net/posts/302780-bos-rewrite-from-dhh
databases applications
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immutable objects algorithms
http://smalltalk.xdite.net/posts/302780-bos-rewrite-from-dhh
databases applications
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immutable
infrastructure
immutable objects algorithms databases applications
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immutable
infrastructure
immutable objects algorithms databases applications
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Let’s talk about
immutable objects algorithms databases applications Java
hot swap? hot deploy?
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immutable objects algorithms databases applications Java
hot swap since JDK 1.4
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immutable objects algorithms databases applications Java
hot swap in JRebel
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immutable objects algorithms databases applications Java
hot swap in OSGi
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immutable objects algorithms databases applications Java
Christian PostaPrincipal Middleware Specialist/Architect at Red Hat, open-source enthusiast, committer on Apache ActiveMQ, Apache Camel, Fabric8, HawtIO, blogging, Family, India Pale Ale.
http://blog.christianposta.com/immutable/immutable-infrastructure-and-the-jvm-part-i/
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immutable objects algorithms databases applications Java
• Don’t hotdeploy/redeploy/migrate your Java services in production at runtime.
Christian PostaPrincipal Middleware Specialist/Architect at Red Hat, open-source enthusiast, committer on Apache ActiveMQ, Apache Camel, Fabric8, HawtIO, blogging, Family, India Pale Ale.
http://blog.christianposta.com/immutable/immutable-infrastructure-and-the-jvm-part-i/
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immutable objects algorithms databases applications Java
• Don’t hotdeploy/redeploy/migrate your Java services in production at runtime.
• Do have a very strong focus on your delivery pipeline/automation/testing to quickly make changes to your system.
Christian PostaPrincipal Middleware Specialist/Architect at Red Hat, open-source enthusiast, committer on Apache ActiveMQ, Apache Camel, Fabric8, HawtIO, blogging, Family, India Pale Ale.
http://blog.christianposta.com/immutable/immutable-infrastructure-and-the-jvm-part-i/
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Infra
Infra
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immutable infrastructure”
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immutable
infrastructure
defin
ition
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http://www.slideshare.net/jpetazzo/containerization-new-virtualization-docker-separation-operational-concerns
Jérôme Petazzoni
defin
ition
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http://www.slideshare.net/jpetazzo/containerization-new-virtualization-docker-separation-operational-concerns
Jérôme Petazzoni
defin
ition
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http://www.slideshare.net/jpetazzo/containerization-new-virtualization-docker-separation-operational-concerns
Jérôme Petazzoni
defin
ition
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http://www.slideshare.net/jpetazzo/containerization-new-virtualization-docker-separation-operational-concerns
Jérôme Petazzoni
defin
ition
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WHY immutable infra?
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WHY immutable infra?• Simplify change management• hard to keep or restore “desired state” in-place
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WHY immutable infra?• Simplify change management• hard to keep or restore “desired state” in-place
• Enforce dev/prod parity• configure & test infra before deployed to
production environment
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WHY immutable infra?• Simplify change management• hard to keep or restore “desired state” in-place
• Enforce dev/prod parity• configure & test infra before deployed to
production environment• Reason about apps at a higher level • … than just the deployable packages containing
the code (JAR/WAR/zip/MSI/whatever)
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WHY NOT immutable infra?
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WHY NOT immutable infra?• Cost of “out of place” may be too high• vs
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WHY NOT immutable infra?• Cost of “out of place” may be too high• vs
• DevOps maturity level• Orchestration and
resource allocationprimitivesare required
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#JCConf
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#JCConf
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#JCConf
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#JCConf
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Golden imagePhenix server
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VM image
Golden imagePhenix server
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VM imageContainer image
Golden imagePhenix server
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VM imageContainer imageUnikernel image
Golden imagePhenix server
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VM image Container imageUnikernel image
• VM/IaaS provider specific
• VM/IaaS provider agnostic• Ansible: https://github.com/ansible/ansible• Packer: https://www.packer.io/• Otto: https://ottoproject.io/
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VM imageContainer image
Unikernel image
• Docker ecosystem• docker cli• Docker Hub• CI: Jenkins, Travis CI, CircleCI…
• Pre-Docker tools• Packer: https://www.packer.io/
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VM imageContainer image
Unikernel image
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VM
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VM Docker
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Docker
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Container per VMDockerHyper: https://hyper.sh/
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Container per VMHyper: https://hyper.sh/
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Container per VMHyper: https://hyper.sh/
UnikernelBoxfuse: https://boxfuse.com
Unikernels are constructed by using “library operating systems,” from which the developer selects only the minimal set of services required for an application to run.
These sealed, fixed-purpose images run directly on a hypervisor without an intervening guest OS such as Linux.
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#JCConf
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VM imageContainer image
Unikernel image
new unikernel approach
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VM imageContainer image
Unikernel image
new unikernel approach
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#JCConf
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VM imageContainer imageUnikernel image
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VM imageContainer imageUnikernel image
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#JCConf
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deployment
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deployment
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deployment
• Rolling upgrade• Blue/green deployment• Canary deployment
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deployment
https://www.safaribooksonline.com/library/view/continuous-delivery/9780134389363/
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deployment
• Cluster management• Service discovery• Orchestration
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deployment
• Pets vs cattle• Docker ecosystem is easier…
• Kubernetes• Mesos• …
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#JCConf
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DevOps
deployment
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DevOps
deployment
VM imageContainer imageUnikernel image
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deployment
VM imageContainer imageUnikernel image
DevOps
IT workflow automation
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deployment
VM imageContainer imageUnikernel image
DevOps
JCConf 2015,
Abola Lee
IT workflow automation
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deployment
VM imageContainer imageUnikernel image
DevOps
JCConf 2015,
Abola Lee
IT workflow automation• Platform-specific tools
• AWS CodeDeploy• Google Cloud Deployment Manager• IBM BlueMix
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deployment
VM imageContainer imageUnikernel image
DevOps
JCConf 2015,
Abola Lee
IT workflow automation• Platform-specific tools
• AWS CodeDeploy• Google Cloud Deployment Manager• IBM BlueMix
• Ansible
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deployment
VM imageContainer imageUnikernel image
DevOps
JCConf 2015,
Abola Lee
IT workflow automation• Platform-specific tools
• AWS CodeDeploy• Google Cloud Deployment Manager• IBM BlueMix
• Ansible• CI SaaS
• Travis CI, CircleCI, etc.
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deployment
VM imageContainer imageUnikernel image
DevOps
JCConf 2015,
Abola Lee
IT workflow automation• Platform-specific tools
• AWS CodeDeploy• Google Cloud Deployment Manager• IBM BlueMix
• Ansible• CI SaaS
• Travis CI, CircleCI, etc.• Atlas (and others from HashiCorp)
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Entropy
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#JCConf
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#JCConf
DNA
![Page 120: Immutable infrastructure:觀念與實作 (建議)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050800/5872a8ca1a28ab07208b73d5/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
#JCConf
DNA
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#JCConf
DNA
lysosomes
![Page 122: Immutable infrastructure:觀念與實作 (建議)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050800/5872a8ca1a28ab07208b73d5/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
#JCConf
DNA
lysosomes
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#JCConf
VM imageContainer imageUnikernel image
![Page 124: Immutable infrastructure:觀念與實作 (建議)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050800/5872a8ca1a28ab07208b73d5/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
#JCConf
VM imageContainer imageUnikernel image
![Page 125: Immutable infrastructure:觀念與實作 (建議)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050800/5872a8ca1a28ab07208b73d5/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
#JCConf
deployment
VM imageContainer imageUnikernel image
![Page 126: Immutable infrastructure:觀念與實作 (建議)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050800/5872a8ca1a28ab07208b73d5/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
#JCConf
deployment
VM imageContainer imageUnikernel image
![Page 127: Immutable infrastructure:觀念與實作 (建議)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050800/5872a8ca1a28ab07208b73d5/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
#JCConf
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#JCConf
William Yeh
http://s
end.wtf/
jcconf20
15