Immunogenetics

chapter 22

select topics

pp. 611-620

Topic Outline Overview of the Immune System

1st and 2nd lines of Defense

The Immune System B cells The antibody & antibody diversity Vaccinations Breast Feeding Diagnostic applications T cells Allergies

Immune System and Lymphoid Tissue

Let’s take a look at the different types of Leukocytes

Monocyte Neutrophil Eosinophil

Basophil Dendritic Cell Lymphocyte

Epidermis

Mucosal lining of GI

Ciliated epithelium of respiratory tract

EXAMPLES FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE

Can by physical and chemical

Second line of defense include the following processes:

Phagocytosis

Complement

Interferons

Inflammation

Pyrogens

Phagocytosis

Complement Cascade

3rd line of defense“The Immune System”

Summary Lines of Defense

INNATEACQUIRED

Immune System

B cells

T cells

Lymph nodes are contain high concentrations lymphocytes

Let’s look more closely at the B lymphocytes

B Cell: humoral or antibody mediated immunity

ANTIBODIES=IMMUNOGLOBULINS

Humoral Immunity

Matures in bone marrow Moves to lymph nodes (& other locations) Secretes antibodies “as plasma cell” Also creates “memory” B cells

B-lymphocyte

CLONAL SELECTION

Different classes of immunoglobulins or antibodies

IgM

IgG

IgA

IgDIgE

Antibody Diversity How do we acquire so many different types of antibodies?

Somatic recombination

Junctional diversity

hypermutations

Antibody genes are composed of segments

V J C

Somatic Recombination

http://www.bio.davidson.edu/courses/Immunology/Flash/somaticrecomb.html

How are vaccinations related to immunity?

Active and Passive

Active Vaccinations: Antibody Production

Memory Cells!

The next part gets tricky

Onto T Cells

All T cells require cell to cell contact

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter24/animation__cytotoxic_t-cell_activity_against_target_cells__quiz_2_.html

CD8+ CD4+

T Cells

VJC (D)

These are some of the General characteristics of the TCell receptor for antigen recognition.

+ D in the beta chain

Cytotoxic T Cell and MHC I

Antigen presentation

CD8+ cell

Cytotoxic T cell= CD8+

Cytotoxic T cell= CD8+

Tissue Transplantation MHC proteins differ between individuals

The major histocompatibility complex

is a large group of genes on chromosome 6

Helper T Cell and MHC II

Antigen presentation

B lymphocytes source of

antibodiesOverview of T lymphocytes

Cancer cell being attacked by cytotoxic T cells

After release of perforin

Allergic Response I.

Allergies

B cell also directly stimulated

IgE