IMMUNITY HOW YOU PROTECT YOUR CELLS, YOUR SELF. THE IMMUNE SYSTEM SYSTEMIC RESPONSES TO SUBSTANCES...
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Transcript of IMMUNITY HOW YOU PROTECT YOUR CELLS, YOUR SELF. THE IMMUNE SYSTEM SYSTEMIC RESPONSES TO SUBSTANCES...
IMMUNITY
HOW YOU PROTECT YOUR CELLS, YOUR SELF
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
SYSTEMIC RESPONSES TO SUBSTANCES (ANTIGENS) RECOGNIZED AS FOREIGN NON-SELF
ANTIGENS HAVE A PROTEIN BASEEXAMPLES OF: INFECTIOUS AGENTS: VIRUSES, BACTERIA,
FUNGI, PARASITES ?PRIONS? ENVIRONMENTAL AGENTS: POLLENS,
FOODS, BEE VENOMS
OTHERS: DRUGS, VACCINES (HORSE SERUM, EGG ALBUMIN, OTHER PROTEIN BASES)TRANSPLANTED
ORGANS/TISSUES: BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS, SOLID ORGANS, BONE MARROW, SKIN
HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS
GENETIC SITE THAT CONTROLS RECOGNITION OF SELF/NON-SELFHLA ANTIGENS/MHC COMPLEX ON
UPPER SHORT ARM OF CHROMOSOME 6
• A, B, C, D LOCI WITH MULTIPLE ALLELES• A, B, C LOCI FOUND ON ALL CELLS
EXCEPT RED BLOOD CELLS• D LOCUS ON B LYMPHOCYTES,
MARCHROPHAGES, EPITHELIAL CCELLS, ETC.
IN HUMANS, INHERITED FROM PARENTS—TESTING DONE TO DETERMINE PATERNITYHAPLOTYPE: THE IDENTITY OF THESE LOCI ON ONE OF THE TWO CHROMOSOMESEVERYONE HAS TWO HAPLOTYPES—ONE FROM EACH PARENT
NATURAL IMMUNITY
NO HARM/INURY FROM CERTAIN AGENTS IN THE ENVIRONMENTOTHER ANIMAL SPECIES HAVE—
CAN THESE JUMP SPECIES???
HOST DEPENDENT—THERE ARE PEOPLE WHO DO NOT DEVELOP AIDS EVEN WITH KNOWN EXPOSURE—GENETIC DIFFERENCE??
PASSIVE ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
ANTIBODIES PASSED FROM MOTHER IN UTERO; TRANSMITTED VIA BREASTMILKADMINISTRATION OF IMMUNE SERUM: HUMAN ANTIBODIES (FROM ANOTHER) GIVEN IN FORM OF IM INJECTION: TETANUS ANTITOXIN, HEPATITIS B IMMUNE GLOBULIN
ACTIVE ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
ANTIBODIES FORMED BY THE HOST AFTER EXPOSURE TO AN ANTIGEN ACTIVE INFECTION WITH THE ANTIGEN
—COLDS, FLU, CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, HEPATITIS B, RUBELLA
IMMUNIZATION WITH THE ANTIGEN TO STIMULATE ANTIBODY FORMATION
DPT, RUBELLA, POLIO, HEPATITIS A, HEPATITIS B, ETC.
THE CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
IMMUNE RESPONSE
ANTIGEN—A PROTEIN SUBSTANCE CAPABLE OF INDUCING AN IMMUNE RESPONSE WITH FORMATION OF ANTIBODYIMMUNOCYTES: LYMPHOCYTES: FROM STEM CELLS—SMALL,
ROUND TYPE OF WHITE BLOOD CELL WHEN MIGRATE THROUGH LYMPHATIC TISSUE,
MATURE AND DIFFERENTIATE TO T-CELLS B-CELLS
FIGURE 6-4
ANTIGENICITY & IMMUNOGENICITY
ANTIGEN --REACT WITH ANTIBODIES DUE TO THEIR STRUCTURE—INNATE CAPACITY TO CAUSE A REACTIONIMMUNOGEN—CAN INDUCE A REACTION BUT NOT NECESSARILY—DEPENDENT ON OTHER VARIABLES
B-LYMPHOCYTES (B-CELLS)
WHEN ENCOUNTER AN ANTIGEN, THEY MATURE TO PLASMA CELLSPLASMA CELLS PRODUCE ANTIBODIES CONFER HUMORAL IMMUNITY (FIG 6-8) MEMORY CELLS—ALWAYS HAVE THE
ABILITY TO RECOGNIZE THAT FOREIGN ANTIGEN AND MAKE NEW ANTIBODIES TO DESTROY IT
BOOSTER VACCINATIONS ASSURE MEMORY CELLS ARE STILL AVAILABLE BY INTRODUCING THE ANTIGEN
IF ANTIBODY TITERS ARE NEVER MEASURED, THERE IS POSSIBILITY THAT ONE HAS NOT RESPONDED TO ANTIGEN EXPOSURE
HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE
ANTIBODIES (AKA) IMMUNOGLOBULINS SERUM GLYOPROTEINS—
MANUFACTURED BY PLASMA CELLS 5 CLASSES OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS
(TABLE 6-2) IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE STRUCTURE OF EACH IS DIFFERENT (FIG 6-
10) BINDS TO ANTIGEN—CELL MEMBRANE
FUNCTION OF ANTIBODIES
NEUTRALIZE BACTERIAL TOXINSNEUTRALIZE VIRUSESOPSONIZING BACTERIA (PROMOTE PHAGOCYTOSIS)ACTIVATE COMPONENTS OF INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
ACTION OF ANTIBODIES ON ANTIGENS
AGGLUTINATION OF THE ANTIGENPRECIPITATION NEUTRALIZATION
DETERMINED BY CLASS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ANTIGEN
ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES/IMMUNE COMPLEXES FORMED PHAGOCYTOSIS CAN OCCUR PLASMA PROTEINS CAN DESTROY THE
ANTIGEN
SECRETORY IMMUNE SYSTEM
RWESPOND TO ANTIGENS THAT INVADE THROUGH NON-CIRCULATORY ROUTESLUNGS, ORAL (GI), SKIN, MUCOUS
MEMBRANEFIRST LINE OF DEFENSE
T-LYMPHOCYTES (T-CELLS)
MIGRATE THROUGH THE THYMUS GLAND TO BECOME SPECIFICRECOGNITION OF SPECIFIC ANTIGENS—DIRECT DESTRUCTION OF THOSE ANTIGENS THEN THEY DISAPPEAR—HAVE NO
MEMORY CELL FORMATION—NO ANTIBODIES THAT REMAIN IN BODY
RESPONSIBLE FOR CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY
CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE
TYPES OF T-CELLSLYMPHOKINE-PRODUCING CELLSCYTOTOXIC CELLSHELPER T CELLSSUPPRESSOR T CELLS
ACTION OF T-CELLS
DIRECT CELLULAR KILLING OF TARGET CELLS (VIRALLY INFECTED CELLS, TUMORS, ORGAN GRAFTS) DIRECT BINDING WITH THE TARGET
CELL
DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY PRODUCE LYMPHOKINES THAT
INFLUENCE THE FORMATION/ACTION OF MACROPHAGES
MEMORY CELLS—ACCELERATED RESPONSE TO SECOND ANTIGENIC CHALLENGE CONTROL OF HUMORAL AND CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE BY PRODUCTION OF HELP AND SUPPRESSOR CELLS
TO HAVE AN IMMUNE RESPONSE, THE ANTIGEN PRESENTED MUST HAVE AN HLA CLASS/MUST BE WITH MOLECULES OF CLASS I OR II HLAFIGURE 6-16
FIGURE 6-18
IMMUNE RESPONSES ACROSS THE LIFESPANINFANTS HAVE UNDERDEVELOPED IMMUNE FUNCTIONELDERS LOSE T CELL FUNCTION (NOT # OF) BUT MAINTAIN CIRCULATING ANTIBODIESDEMONSTRATE DECREASED
DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY RESPONSE
BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS
A,B,O,AB WITH Rh, AND OTHER MINOR ANTIGENSSAME PRINCIPLE, DIFFERENT SYSTEMANTIGEN—ANTIBODY RESPONSE—”TRANSFUSION REACTION”SIMILAR SELF-NON-SELF RESPONSE
STRESS AND DISEASE
THE STRESS RESPONSEFIGURE 9-1TABLE 9-1FIGURE 9-2FIGURE 9-3
PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY