Immigration & the Political Machine
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Transcript of Immigration & the Political Machine
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Immigration & the Political Machine
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Immigration
• Push FactorReason(s) to leave ones birth country to live in a foreign country
• Pull factors– Reason(s) a foreign
country inspires people from their home country
Get out
Come here
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Steerage• Why travel in these
conditions?• Difficult & Expensive to
get to US• What was the journey like• Travel was basic, cheap,
crowded, miserable• Filthy cramped living
conditions.• Trip took 7 to 21 days• RATS-LICE-Disease-Death
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Ellis Island• Processing center for immigrants New York harbor• Frantic pace, Lost Identities, Health Inspections
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How the Political Machine WorkedPolitical Machine
supplies jobs, food, clothes,
housing
Votes for the party boss to
remain in power
Party boss wins election
so he can continue his
corrupt politics
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Urban Politics• Cities grow faster than government• Political Machine– Informal political group– Gain & keep power– Got things for the working class.
• Jobs, homes, food, clothes, heat, protection, etc…– Positive note
• Provided necessary services & helped assimilate the new city dwellers.
• Party Boss received votes for Providing “things”– Once elected used political power for greed.
• Grafts=getting money through dishonest or questionable means.• Bribes
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Tammany HallWilliam “Boss” Tweed• Tweed Courthouse• One of the most
corrupt politicians in history– Grossly overpaid
contractors for work• 13 million.• 180,000(2.5mil) for 3
tables & 40 chairs.• Imprisoned for
corruption. Died.
• Thomas Nast Political cartoons exposed corruption
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Urbanization: Ethnic Cities
Positives• Lived with similar
people who shared– Language– Customs– Culture
• Sense of Security• Sense of Belonging
Negatives• Slow to assimilate to
America culture– Segregation led to violence
• Irish vs. Italians• Polish vs. Russians
• Slow to learn ENGLISH– Cant communicate– Hard to find
• a job• Basic needs
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Urbanization
• Immigrants Lacked– Money• Cant buy land or
farms– Education• Forced to stay in
cities.– Long Hours– Little Pay– Poor Working
conditions
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Immigration
E. & S. European
Asians
Latin America
European
Old Immigrants N & W Europe
New Immigrants S & E Europe
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Nativist- English/Protestant descent • Extreme dislike of foreigners• Focused on
• Jews• Catholics• E. Europeans• Asians
• Immigrants• Worked for less money• Were easily replaceable• Had Communist & Anarchist
ideas
We were here first…Protect the American Worker
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Immigrants = revolution, communism,Anarchy
• Communism ---> classless society• People control
everything• Inspires
Revolution
• Anarchist• No government • Inspires
Revolution
MARXIST
ANARCHISTS
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Nativism
• Labor Unions anti-immigration
• Anti-Immigration Org• American Protective
Association• Workingman’s Party of
California • Chinese Exclusion Acts• Banned for 10 years• Chinese in US could not
become citizens
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Urban American Social Issues• Immigration• Urbanization• Gilded Age• Social Darwinism• Early Reform
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Gilded Age• Coined by Mark Twain• Gilded = Covered in Gold – New Inventions– Skyscrapers– Electricity– Great wealth
• Covered– Poverty– Crime– Corruption– Gap between rich and poor
GILDED AGE
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Urban Problems• 4 Major Problems:– Overcrowding– Crime/Violence– Sanitation– Political Corruption
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Urbanization• Cities– Overcrowding– Plumbing– Running water– Electricity– Cultural Centers• Museums• Libraries• Theaters
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Ethnic Cities• Gangs & Crime• 5 points
- Promotes hostilities between other ethnicities & natives.
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Class Division
• High Society– Wealthiest Families– Lived in the heart
of the city.– Extravagant homes
• Moved to the outskirts to avoid overcrowding….This happens again in the 1940s and 50s
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Class Division
• Middle Class– Doctors– Lawyers– Teachers– Architects
• “streetcar suburbs”
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Class Division• Working Class– Tenements
• Unsanitary-diseases• Crowded- many families share
housing• Dangerous-crime, alcohol, gangs
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Social Darwinism• Herbert Spencer– On the Origins of
Species by Means of Natural Selection”
– Natural Selection – plant and animal evolution (survival of the fittest) • Social, Political &
Economic issues– Laissez-faire • Rockefeller
– Standard Oil
– “I am rich because I am smarter and better.”
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Individualism• Belief that despite
their origins, one could rise to as far as talent and commitment would take them.