Immigration and Modern Urban Immigration and Modern Urban GrowthGrowth

Chapter 20Chapter 20

Section 2Section 2

Industrialization Changes CitiesIndustrialization Changes Cities

Key ? - How did industry and new Key ? - How did industry and new inventions change society?inventions change society?

Not only changed how people worked, but Not only changed how people worked, but where they worked. where they worked.

Moved from rural areas to cities to find Moved from rural areas to cities to find work.work.

Industries grew in cities with good Industries grew in cities with good transportation and plentiful workers. transportation and plentiful workers.

Urbanization – growth of cities. Urbanization – growth of cities.

SkyscrapersSkyscrapers

Helped to absorb millions of people.Helped to absorb millions of people. Increased amount of housing and Increased amount of housing and

workspace.workspace. Electric Elevator – Otis Elevator Company Electric Elevator – Otis Elevator Company

installed the first in 1889.installed the first in 1889. Steel for construction – held immense Steel for construction – held immense

weight of the skyscraper’s floors.weight of the skyscraper’s floors.

The New ImmigrantsThe New Immigrants

Key ? – Who were the new immigrants and Key ? – Who were the new immigrants and where did they settle in the U.S.?where did they settle in the U.S.?

Before 1890s immigrants came from Before 1890s immigrants came from northern & western Europe. northern & western Europe.

After 1889 – came from southern and After 1889 – came from southern and eastern Europe, southern Italy, Poland, eastern Europe, southern Italy, Poland, Russia (new immigrants)Russia (new immigrants)

Reactions to Immigration Reactions to Immigration

Melting pot – a place where cultures blend.Melting pot – a place where cultures blend. Assimilation – studied English and Civics.Assimilation – studied English and Civics. Faced prejudice from American born citizens.Faced prejudice from American born citizens. Restrictions for immigration because of fear of Restrictions for immigration because of fear of

competing for jobs. competing for jobs. Took low paying dangerous jobs(sweatshops)Took low paying dangerous jobs(sweatshops) Chinese Exclusion Act – banned Chinese for 10 Chinese Exclusion Act – banned Chinese for 10

years. years.

Immigration and RacismImmigration and Racism

Chinese immigrants who came to the West were Chinese immigrants who came to the West were paid lower wages than whites.paid lower wages than whites.

Sometimes facing violence (Rock Springs, Sometimes facing violence (Rock Springs, Wyoming)whites refused to work in the same Wyoming)whites refused to work in the same mine with Chinese, killing 28.mine with Chinese, killing 28.

African Americans & Mexicans were forced into African Americans & Mexicans were forced into peonagepeonage--people forced to work until they have people forced to work until they have paid off debts.paid off debts.

Congress outlawed in 1867. Supreme Court Congress outlawed in 1867. Supreme Court struck down other forms as violating the 13struck down other forms as violating the 13 thth amendment. amendment.

Problems of UrbanizationProblems of Urbanization

Key ? What problems were caused by Key ? What problems were caused by urbanization?urbanization?

Overcrowding in cities led to disease, Overcrowding in cities led to disease, poverty, and danger of disaster. poverty, and danger of disaster.

Tenements – run-down overcrowded Tenements – run-down overcrowded apartment houses. Poor designapartment houses. Poor design..

No running water, no garbage pick-up, No running water, no garbage pick-up, sewage flowed in open gutters (slum)sewage flowed in open gutters (slum)

Reformers Attack Urban Reformers Attack Urban ProblemsProblems

Settlement houses offered daycare, Settlement houses offered daycare, education, and health care to needy in education, and health care to needy in slums.slums.

Jane Addams, an urban reformer and Jane Addams, an urban reformer and suffrage leader – founded Hull House in suffrage leader – founded Hull House in Chicago.Chicago.

Social gospel movement- led by Protestant Social gospel movement- led by Protestant ministers – worked for labor reforms.ministers – worked for labor reforms.

Political Machines Run CitiesPolitical Machines Run Cities

Political machine – an illegal gang that influences Political machine – an illegal gang that influences enough votes to control a local government. enough votes to control a local government. Traded favors for votes.Traded favors for votes.

Machine bosses gave jobs, cash, or food to Machine bosses gave jobs, cash, or food to supporters.supporters.

Tammany Hall – NY – “Boss” William Tweed. Tammany Hall – NY – “Boss” William Tweed. Stole money from the city.]Stole money from the city.]

Despite corruption – many did good things – Despite corruption – many did good things – parks,sewers, schools, roads and orphanages. parks,sewers, schools, roads and orphanages. Assisted immigrants finding homes and jobs in Assisted immigrants finding homes and jobs in exchange for votes. exchange for votes.