IMAGE SYNTHESIS 1 Image Synthesis Image synthesis operations create images from other images or...
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IMAGE SYNTHESIS
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Image Synthesis• Image synthesis operations create images from other
images or non-image data• Used when a desired image is either physically impossible
or impractical to acquire• CT-image, CAD, abstract data, image composition, 3D
graphics
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Tomography
• Creates cross-sectional images of solid 3D objects
• Based on X-ray imaging• The technique is implemented by moving an X-radiation source and an x-ray detector in parallel and opposing directions, pivoting about the plane of interest
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Computed Tomography• Uses digital computation techniques• 2D synthetic cross-sectional image is made of 1D
projections • CT is vital for medicine
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Computed Tomography
• Transmissive mode• Computed Tomography• Based on X-radiation
• Emissive mode• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)• PET( Positron Emission Tomography)
• Reflective mode• radar imaging, ultrasonic
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Projections
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2D Images From Projections (object: a ball)
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Details of CT scanning• http://www.impactscan.org/slides/impactcourse/basic_prin
ciples_of_ct/img0.html
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MRI = Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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3D image from 2D´s
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Videos on MRI
Physics of MRI • Patient training for MRI-imaging
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3D Scene Construction From Images• Stereo image pairing
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Depth Perception
• Based on:• two eyes, stereo vision (or stereoscopy)• relative object sizes• object shading and shadowing• object obscuring• atmospheric haze
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Stereoscopy15
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Stereo Image Pair• Two images of the same scene with different view angles
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Volume Rendering Slice-Image• Slice-image is two-dimensional and has no depth• Convert 2Ds (x,y) into 3D (x,y,z)
• z is a cross-sectional surface index • z is usually coarser than x,y. Intermediate slices are
created by interpolation methods
• Voxel can represent multiple features such as brightness, color and transparency
• See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voxel
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Example on a voxel image
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Voxels in videos
• Brain MRI• 3D Aorta CT
• Kinect User Interface• Brain AVM 3D MRI
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Visualization of Non-image Data• CAD rendering (computer aided design)• Elevation data rendering • 3D scanning• Visualization of abstract data
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CAD Rendering
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CAD Rendering Methods• Wireframe model
• Hidden-line removal
• Solid model • Tinted solid model
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3D Rendering
In 3D rendering following methods are used:
• A model is created from sample points
• A real object is a model • A brand new object is created
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3D Rendering
• 3D object model can be composed of surfaces, polygons or of a combination of above
• Surfaces are utilised to render simple objects (balls, sylinders)
• An arbitary plane can be rendered by using this kind of polygons
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Methods
• In wireframe polygons can be seen as borderlines• In hidden-line removal lines behind the polygons are
not drawn
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Methods
• Solid model rendering• Surface and color
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Methods
• Shaded solid model • A surface can also illustrate different materials such as metal or plastic
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Texture and lighting
• Images we create can look like real when we add different surfaces on them and illuminate them with multiple light sources
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Photo-realistic Rendering
• Materials, light refraction and reflections
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Elevation data rendering
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Elevation Model -Reflection planes
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The Calculation of A Reflectance
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Example of Digital Terrain Model
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3D-lightingModels
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The Use of 3D Models
• In scientific research 3D models are used to render objects which are too small, large, fast or slow to be viewed by other ways
• Examples:• atoms,• molecules,• Explosions• etc
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The Use of 3D Models
• In industry 3D rendering before building an expensive prototype
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The Use of 3D Models
• Commercial use and entertainment industry
• Games, movies and TV-programs
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3D Examples
• The features of the light can be rendered well, but this requires substantial computing power
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3D Examples
• The 3D- models have almost totally replaced the plastic models in the movie industry
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Examples of 3D animation
•Birth
•3DDentalPlanning
•Fertilization
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