IMAGE INDUSTRIES INC. STUD WELDING CATALOG IMAGE INDUSTRIES INC. Mission Statement Image Industries...
Transcript of IMAGE INDUSTRIES INC. STUD WELDING CATALOG IMAGE INDUSTRIES INC. Mission Statement Image Industries...
IMAGE INDUSTRIES INC.STUD WELDING
CATALOG
Attachment SystemsCold Formed Parts
Assemblies
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WARNING FAILURE OR IMPROPER SELECTION OR IMPROPER
USE OF THE PRODUCTS AND/OR SYSTEMS DESCRIBED IN THIS
CATALOG OR RELATED ITEMS CAN CAUSE DEATH, PERSONAL INJURY
AND PROPERTY DAMAGE.!
This document and other information from Image Industries Incorporated, its subsidiaries andauthorized distributors provides product and/or system options for further investigation by users havingtechnical expertise. It is important that the user analyze all aspects of the application and review theinformation concerning the product or system in the current product catalog. Due to the variety ofoperating conditions and applications for these products or systems, the user, through his or her ownanalysis and testing, is solely responsible for making the final selection of the products and systemsand assuring that all performance, safety and warning requirements of the application are met.
The products described in this catalog, including without limitation, product features, specifications,designs, availability and pricing, are subject to change by Image Industries Incorporated and itssubsidiaries at any time without notice.
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IMAGE INDUSTRIES INC.Mission Statement
Image Industries goal is to assist our customers in arriving at optimal solutions. Optimalsolutions may mean different things to different customers. To some of our customers it meanslowest installed costs, to some it means the most robust solution and to others it means solvinga problem that has been plaguing them for years. This solution is determined and arrived at inpartnership with our customers. We at Image do not sell “parts”, rather we are in the businessof selling EXPERTISE.
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OFFICE Locations
HEADQUARTERSLarge Diameter & Low Volume Manufacturing,Orders and Service382 Balm CourtWood Dale, IL 60191
Telephone: 630-766-7373Telephone: 800-722-7883
Fax: 630-766-2402
MANUFACTURING PLANT #2Small Diameter & High Volume Manufacturing864 Lively BoulevardWood Dale, IL 60191
Telephone: 630-766-7373Telephone: 800-722-7883Fax: 630-766-2402
ENGINEERINGEquipment Manufacturing11475 Commercial Ave #15Richmond, IL 60071
Telephone: 815-678-6400Telephone: 800-603-5851Fax: 815-678-3200
Contact us via the Internet:[email protected]@imageindustries.com
© 2000 P/N ILC102
Nelson, NS-20, NS-30, NS-40 are registered trademarks of TRW inc.
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TABLE OF Contents
Drawn Arc Studs 6U.S. 8Metric 28
Capacitor Discharge (CD) Studs 36U.S. 38Metric 41
Advanced Process (AP) Studs 42U.S. 46Metric 48
Specialty Studs 52
Cold Formed Products 58Including Resistance Weld Studs 60
Ferrules 64
Useful Information Index 68Stud Mechanical Properties 72
Hammer Weld Studs 50
Personal Safety 88
Glossary 90
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ARC WELD Studs
Standard Drawn Arc Weld Studs arethe preferred choice of all weld studs.
This style of stud uses embedded flux and an external shielding ferrule. With these components youcan achieve maximum weld penetration and reliability. These weld studs use a process which isrobust and provides excellent success under a broad range of conditions.
Flux cleanses the atmosphere during the weld preventing impurities from contaminating the weldzone. This flux serves the same purpose as the flux in flux core wire welding or as the shielding gas instandard MIG (GMAW) welding.
The ferrule serves 3 main purposes. First, it provides a limited atmosphere to maximize the flux loadeffectiveness; Second, it vents gasses generated during the welding process; and finally, it containsthe molten pool of metal and forms it into a uniform shape.
This style of stud also comes in a broad range of configurations. Some configurations include:standard round threaded, no thread, rectangular, square, internally tapped. See the remainder of thissection as well as the Specialty Stud section for more examples.
While Image tries to stock a good selection of commonly used weld fasteners, the particular one youneed may not be in stock. Image produces 60-70% of product to customer specifications. If you don’tsee what you are looking for then contact your Image sales representative or the Factory directly toachieve a solution that is optimal for your application.
3/8" Mild Steel Stud Weldedto 1/8" Hot Rolled Plate
Cross Sectional View ShowingWeld Penetration
Standard Fluxed Arc Stud with Ceramic Ferrule
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Weld Stud SpecificationsMATERIAL: Standard mild steel studs (low carbon C1008-C1018) conform to ASTM A307 & ASTM F568. Stain-less Steel Studs (302/302 HQ/304 & 305) conform to ASTM F593 & F738. Other materials including aluminum,medium carbon steel, stainless 316 along with specialty steels, HY80 and HY100 are available on special order.For additional information contact your Image Sales Representative or the Factory directly.
THREAD: Standard thread is UNC-2A for U.S. threads and 6g for metric threads. This is important when gaugingthreads during inspection. Different thread specifications can be manufactured on a custom basis.
PLATING/COATING: Weld studs can be plated with a variety of materials including zinc (according to OSHAstandards), nickel, dichromat etc. Other plating or finishing requirements can be accommodated. PLEASE NOTE:The welding flux is not plated to prevent weld contamination, i.e. fluxing is done after plating.
ANNEALING: Upon request, stud ductility can be increased by annealing to Rockwell B, 75 max. for low carbonsteel and Rockwell B, 90 max. for stainless steel.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES: All torque, tensile and shear values are calculated values based on a minimummaterial tensile specification. Typically, the material used exceeds these specifications. The calculated minimumsare provided as a reference. All torque and tensile values are calculated based on “working” limits. These workinglimits are designed for bolts which are to be reused instead of bolts which are for permanent installation. Anadditional 25% safety factor has been added to achieve the “working” level. The tensile and torque values are fortensile loading only. The shear values are for shear loading only. These values will be different for combinedtensile and shear stresses.
ARC WELD Studs
Standard Drawn Arc Process Description
Chuck
Stud
Ferrule
The gun is properlypositioned and the main
gun spring is partiallycompressed.
The trigger is pressed andthe stud lifts off the work.
An arc is created and meltsthe stud and parent
material.
After the arcing time iscompleted, the main springplunges the stud into the
molten pool of metal.
The gun is withdrawn fromthe welded stud. The ferrule
is broken away anddiscarded.
For a more detailed description of stud welding andavailable stud welding processess, please refer tothe AWS Welding Handbook, 8th Edition; Volume 2Chapter 9.
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ARC WELD Studs
Pitch Diameter Mild Steel
Pitch Diameter and Full Thread Studs are the two most common types of Standard Drawn Arc Weld Studs.The primary advantage of a Pitch Diameter Stud versus a Full Thread Stud is in shear value. The PitchDiameter Stud will have a higher shear value than the same size Full Thread Stud. This is due to the slightlylarger base diameter of a Pitch Diameter Stud. However, since a Pitch Diameter Stud is not fully threaded itmay not be appropriate for your specific application. A Pitch Diameter Stud is best suited when there is amating part that covers the unthreaded portion of the weld stud.
5/83/47/8
11 1/81 1/41 3/81 1/21 5/81 3/41 7/822 1/42 1/22 3/43MIN LMAX L
Diameter+.063 +.063 +.063 +.063 +.063 +.063- .000 - .000 - .000 - .000 - .000 - .000
HeightDiameter
Length
Base Dim.Length
BODY DIAMETER & THREAD PITCH
PDC25-62
PDC25-75
1/4-20
PDC25-87
PDC25-1
PDC25-112
Min Yield ShearMin Working Torque
Fillet
FootFerrule
Min Working Tensile
After Weld Length Reduction (approx)
ChuckGrip
PDC25-125
PDC25-137
PDC25-150
PDC25-162
PDC25-175
PDC25-187
PDC25-2
PDC25-225
PDC25-250
PDC25-275
PDC25-3
FTS20
25P
1,074 lb
5/8
.375"
.215"
C25
.11 ± .02"
.32 ± .02"
.12"
1,072 lb
4.5 ft•lb
PDC31-62
PDC31-75
PDC31-87
PDC31-1
PDC31-150
PDC31-162
PDC31-175
PDC31-187
5/16-18
PDC31-112
PDC31-125
PDC31-137
PDC31-2
PDC31-225
PDC31-250
PDC31-275
PDC31-3
5/8
.275"
.375"
.13 ± .02"
.39 ± .02"
PDC37-187
PDC37-2
PDC37-225
PDC37-250
PDC37-275
PDC37-3
5/8
.43 ± .02"
31P
1,770 lb
1,731 lb
9.3 ft•lb
PDC37-1
PDC37-112
PDC37-125
PDC37-137
PDC37-150
PDC37-162
PDC37-175
.13 ± .02"
.330"
3/8-16PDC37-62
PDC37-75
PDC37-87
.12"
C37
G37
FTS20
STANDARD ACCESSORIES
.12"
C31
G31
FTS20
G25
37P
2,615 lb
2,534 lb
16.3 ft•lb
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
62P 75P
4,789 lb 11,288 lb
10,634 lb
1/2-13
PDC50-1
PDC50-112
PDC50-125
PDC50-137
PDC50-150
PDC50-162
PDC50-175
PDC50-187
PDC50-2
PDC50-225
PDC50-250
PDC50-275
PDC50-3
PDC62-162
PDC62-175
PDC62-187
PDC62-2
PDC62-225
PDC62-250
PDC62-275
PDC62-3
PDC75-162
PDC75-175
PDC75-187
PDC75-2
PDC75-225
PDC75-250
PDC75-275
1 1 5/8
.680".562"
Up to 3" is considered a stocking size. Beyond 3" is a custom order.
.19" .12" .19"
.17 ± .02" .25 ± .02"
.71 ± .02" .84 ± .02"
.17 ± .02"
.58 ± .02"
C75
G75
FTS20 FTM20 FTM20
C50 C62
G50 G62
39.9 ft•lb
7,628 lb
7,258 lb
79.4 ft•lb
50P
5/8-11 3/4-10
.375" .500" .625" .790"
.446"
PDC75-3
1 5/8
47.9 ft•lb 95.3 ft•lb 169.3 ft•lb
(see appendix tables for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
5.4 ft•lbMin Yield Torque 11.1 ft•lb 19.6 ft•lb
141.1 ft•lb
4,589 lb
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ARC WELD Studs
Pitch Diameter Stainless Steel
5/83/47/8
11 1/81 1/41 3/81 1/21 5/81 3/41 7/822 1/42 1/22 3/43MIN LMAX L
Diameter+.063 +.063 +.063 +.063 +.063 +.063- .000 - .000 - .000 - .000 - .000 - .000
HeightDiameter
BODY DIAMETER & THREAD PITCH
.215" .275" .330" .446" .562" .680"
1/4-20 5/16-18 3/8-16
4,577 lb
4,355 lb
47.7 ft•lb
6,773 lb
6,380 lb
84.7 ft•lb
1,569 lb
1,520 lb
9.8 ft•lb
2,873 lb
2,753 lb
23.9 ft•lb
644 lb
643 lb
2.7 ft•lb
1,062 lb
1,039 lb
5.5 ft•lb
FTM20
62P
C75
G75
FTM20
75P
G62
C62C50
G50
FTS20
50P31P
.43 ± .02"
C25
FTS20
37P
G37
C37C31
.58 ± .02"
.12" .12" .12" .12" .19"
.625" .790"
.17 ± .02" .25 ± .02"
.71 ± .02" .84 ± .02"
.19"
.11 ± .02" .13 ± .02"
5/8
Up to 3" is considered a stocking size. Beyond 3" is a custom order.
.375" .500"
.13 ± .02" .17 ± .02"
1 5/85/8
1/2-13 5/8-11 3/4-10
PDS75-2
PDS75-162
PDS75-175
PDS75-187
PDS62-275
PDS50-3 PDS62-3
1 5/85/8 1
PDS75-225
PDS75-250
PDS75-275
PDS75-3
PDS62-225
PDS50-275
PDS37-250
PDS37-275
PDS50-250
PDS62-175
PDS62-187
PDS62-2
PDS62-250
PDS50-187
PDS50-225
PDS50-112
PDS50-125
PDS50-137
PDS37-150
PDS37-162 PDS62-162
PDS50-2
PDS37-3
PDS37-187
PDS50-1
PDS37-175
PDS50-150
PDS50-162
PDS50-175
PDS37-2
PDS37-225
PDS31-3
PDS37-62
PDS37-75
PDS37-87
PDS37-1
PDS37-112
PDS37-125
PDS37-137
PDS31-250
PDS31-275
PDS31-150
PDS31-162
PDS31-175
PDS31-187
PDS31-2
PDS31-225
PDS25-250
PDS25-275
PDS25-3
PDS31-62
PDS31-75
PDS31-87
PDS31-1
PDS31-112
PDS31-125
PDS31-137
PDS25-175
PDS25-187
PDS25-2
PDS25-225
Min Working Torque
GripFoot
Ferrule
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
FTS20
25P
G25 G31
FTS20
After Weld Length Reduction (approx)
Chuck
Length
Fillet
Base Dim.
STANDARD ACCESSORIES
.32 ± .02" .39 ± .02"
.375" .375"
Length
PDS25-62
PDS25-75
PDS25-87
PDS25-1
PDS25-112
PDS25-125
PDS25-137
PDS25-150
PDS25-162
28.8 ft•lb 57.2 ft•lb 101.6 ft•lb
(see appendix tables for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
Min Yield Torque 3.3 ft•lb 6.7 ft•lb 11.8 ft•lb
Min Working TensileMin Yield Shear
ThreadDiameter
BaseDiameter
OverallLength
BaseLength
ThreadLength
FilletDiameter
After WeldLength Reduction
FilletHeight
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ARC WELD Studs
Full Thread Mild Steel
Full Thread Studs are one of the two most common studs. The threads on a Full Thread Stud run the full length ofthe fastener (hence full thread). This simplifies many mating part concerns and is a favorite of engineering. APitch Diameter Stud requires that the mating part(s) cover the unthreaded portion of the fastener. Also, a PitchDiameter Stud is marginally stronger in shear than a Full Thread Stud due to the slightly larger diameter in theshear area.
1/4-20 5/16-18 3/8-16 1/2-13 5/8-11 3/4-105/8 FTC25-62 FTC31-62 FTC37-62
3/4 FTC25-75 FTC31-75 FTC37-75
7/8 FTC25-87 FTC31-87 FTC37-87
1 FTC25-1 FTC31-1 FTC37-1 FTC50-1
1 1/8 FTC25-112 FTC31-112 FTC37-112 FTC50-112
1 1/4 FTC25-125 FTC31-125 FTC37-125 FTC50-125
1 3/8 FTC25-137 FTC31-137 FTC37-137 FTC50-137
1 1/2 FTC25-150 FTC31-150 FTC37-150 FTC50-150
1 5/8 FTC25-162 FTC31-162 FTC37-162 FTC50-162 FTC62-162 FTC75-162
1 3/4 FTC25-175 FTC31-175 FTC37-175 FTC50-175 FTC62-175 FTC75-175
1 7/8 FTC25-187 FTC31-187 FTC37-187 FTC50-187 FTC62-187 FTC75-187
2 FTC25-2 FTC31-2 FTC37-2 FTC50-2 FTC62-2 FTC75-2
2 1/4 FTC25-225 FTC31-225 FTC37-225 FTC50-225 FTC62-225 FTC75-225
2 1/2 FTC25-250 FTC31-250 FTC37-250 FTC50-250 FTC62-250 FTC75-250
2 3/4 FTC25-275 FTC31-275 FTC37-275 FTC50-275 FTC62-275 FTC75-275
3 FTC25-3 FTC31-3 FTC37-3 FTC50-3 FTC62-3 FTC75-3
MIN L 5/8 5/8 5/8 1 1 5/8 1 5/8
MAX LHeight .12 ± .02" .12 ± .02" .14 ± .02" .17 ± .02" .25 ± .02" .32 ± .02"
Diameter .36 ± .02" .43 ± .02" .49 ± .02" .63 ± .02" .77 ± .02" .97 ± .02"
.12" .12" .12" .12" .19" .19"
C25 C31 C37 C50 C62 C75
G25 G31 G37 G50 G62 G75
FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTM20 FTM20
25F 31F 37F 50F 62F 75F
1,074 lb 1,770 lb 2,615 lb 4,789 lb 7,628 lb 11,288 lb
918 lb 1,513 lb 2,236 lb 4,094 lb 6,520 lb 9,649 lb
4.5 ft•lb 9.3 ft•lb 16.3 ft•lb 39.9 ft•lb 79.4 ft•lb 141.1 ft•lb
5.4 ft•lb 11.1 ft•lb 19.6 ft•lb 47.9 ft•lb 95.3 ft•lb 169.3 ft•lb
FootFerrule
Min Working TorqueMin Yield Torque
BODY DIAMETER & THREAD PITCH
Fillet
After Weld Length Reduction (approx)
Length
Up to 3" is considered a stocking size. Beyond 3" is a custom order.
STANDARD ACCESSORIESChuckGrip
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (see appendix tables for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
Min Working TensileMin Yield Shear
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ARC WELD Studs
Full Thread Stainless Steel
ThreadDiameterOverall
Length
FilletDiameter
After WeldLength Reduction
FilletHeight
1/4-20 5/16-18 3/8-16 1/2-13 5/8-11 3/4-105/8 FTS25-62 FTS31-62 FTS37-62
3/4 FTS25-75 FTS31-75 FTS37-75
7/8 FTS25-87 FTS31-87 FTS37-87
1 FTS25-1 FTS31-1 FTS37-1 FTS50-1
1 1/8 FTS25-112 FTS31-112 FTS37-112 FTS50-112
1 1/4 FTS25-125 FTS31-125 FTS37-125 FTS50-125
1 3/8 FTS25-137 FTS31-137 FTS37-137 FTS50-137
1 1/2 FTS25-150 FTS31-150 FTS37-150 FTS50-150
1 5/8 FTS25-162 FTS31-162 FTS37-162 FTS50-162 FTS62-162 FTS75-162
1 3/4 FTS25-175 FTS31-175 FTS37-175 FTS50-175 FTS62-175 FTS75-175
1 7/8 FTS25-187 FTS31-187 FTS37-187 FTS50-187 FTS62-187 FTS75-187
2 FTS25-2 FTS31-2 FTS37-2 FTS50-2 FTS62-2 FTS75-2
2 1/4 FTS25-225 FTS31-225 FTS37-225 FTS50-225 FTS62-225 FTS75-225
2 1/2 FTS25-250 FTS31-250 FTS37-250 FTS50-250 FTS62-250 FTS75-250
2 3/4 FTS25-275 FTS31-275 FTS37-275 FTS50-275 FTS62-275 FTS75-275
3 FTS25-3 FTS31-3 FTS37-3 FTS50-3 FTS62-3 FTS75-3
MIN L 5/8 5/8 5/8 1 1 5/8 1 5/8
MAX LHeight .12 ± .02" .12 ± .02" .14 ± .02" .17 ± .02" .25 ± .02" .32 ± .02"
Diameter .36 ± .02" .43 ± .02" .49 ± .02" .63 ± .02" .77 ± .02" .97 ± .02"
.12" .12" .12" .12" .19" .19"
C25 C31 C37 C50 C62 C75
G25 G31 G37 G50 G62 G75
FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTM20 FTM20
25F 31F 37F 50F 62F 75F
644 lb 1,062 lb 1,569 lb 2,873 lb 4,577 lb 6,773 lb
551 lb 908 lb 1,341 lb 2,456 lb 3,912 lb 5,790 lb
2.7 ft•lb 5.5 ft•lb 9.8 ft•lb 23.9 ft•lb 47.7 ft•lb 84.7 ft•lb
3.3 ft•lb 6.7 ft•lb 11.8 ft•lb 28.8 ft•lb 57.2 ft•lb 101.6 ft•lbMin Yield TorqueMin Working Torque
Min Working TensileMin Yield Shear
BODY DIAMETER & THREAD PITCH
Length
Up to 3" is considered a stocking size. Beyond 3" is a custom order.
Fillet
After Weld Length Reduction (approx)
STANDARD ACCESSORIESChuckGripFoot
Ferrule
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (see appendix tables for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
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ARC WELD Studs
No Thread Mild Steel
No Thread Studs simply do not have any threads. There are many uses for a No Thread Stud which include:stops, handles, locators etc. One item to note on No Thread Studs is that the body is the full dimension. A 1/2" NTis 1/2" in diameter whereas a 1/2" Pitch Diameter Stud is only .446" in diameter in the unthreaded portion.
Many different features can be put into a No Thread Stud such as grooves for retaining clips or springs, crossdrilled holes, slots, etc. Contact your Image Sales Representative or the Factory to find out if there may be aspecial part to meet your application.
1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/45/8 NTC25-62 NTC31-62 NTC37-62
3/4 NTC25-75 NTC31-75 NTC37-75
7/8 NTC25-87 NTC31-87 NTC37-87 NTC50-87
1 NTC25-1 NTC31-1 NTC37-1 NTC50-1
1 1/8 NTC25-112 NTC31-112 NTC37-112 NTC50-112
1 1/4 NTC25-125 NTC31-125 NTC37-125 NTC50-125
1 3/8 NTC25-137 NTC31-137 NTC37-137 NTC50-137
1 1/2 NTC25-150 NTC31-150 NTC37-150 NTC50-150
1 5/8 NTC25-162 NTC31-162 NTC37-162 NTC50-162 NTC62-162 NTC75-162
1 3/4 NTC25-175 NTC31-175 NTC37-175 NTC50-175 NTC62-175 NTC75-175
1 7/8 NTC25-187 NTC31-187 NTC37-187 NTC50-187 NTC62-187 NTC75-187
2 NTC25-2 NTC31-2 NTC37-2 NTC50-2 NTC62-2 NTC75-2
2 1/4 NTC25-225 NTC31-225 NTC37-225 NTC50-225 NTC62-225 NTC75-225
2 1/2 NTC25-250 NTC31-250 NTC37-250 NTC50-250 NTC62-250 NTC75-250
2 3/4 NTC25-275 NTC31-275 NTC37-275 NTC50-275 NTC62-275 NTC75-275
3 NTC25-3 NTC31-3 NTC37-3 NTC50-3 NTC62-3 NTC75-3
MIN L 5/8 5/8 5/8 7/8 1 5/8 1 5/8
MAX LHeight .12 ± .02" .12 ± .02" .14 ± .02" .17 ± .02" .25 ± .02" .32 ± .02"
Diameter .36 ± .02" .43 ± .02" .49 ± .02" .63 ± .02" .77 ± .02" .97 ± .02"
.12" .12" .12" .12" .19" .19"
C25 C31 C37 C50 C62 C75
G25 G31 G37 G50 G62 G75
FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTM20 FTM20
25F 31F 37F 50F 62F 75F
2,454 lb 3,835 lb 5,522 lb 9,817 lb 15,340 lb 22,089 lb
1,416 lb 2,213 lb 3,186 lb 5,665 lb 8,851 lb 12,746 lbMin Yield Shear
BODY DIAMETER
Length
Up to 3" is considered a stocking size. Beyond 3" is a custom order.
Fillet
After Weld Length Reduction (approx)
STANDARD ACCESSORIESChuckGrip
Min Yield Tensile
FootFerrule
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (see appendix tables for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
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ARC WELD Studs
No Thread Stainless Steel
BodyDiameterOverall
Length
FilletDiameter
After WeldLength Reduction
FilletHeight
1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/45/8 NTS25-62 NTS31-62 NTS37-62
3/4 NTS25-75 NTS31-75 NTS37-75 NTS50-75
7/8 NTS25-87 NTS31-87 NTS37-87 NTS50-87
1 NTS25-1 NTS31-1 NTS37-1 NTS50-1
1 1/8 NTS25-112 NTS31-112 NTS37-112 NTS50-112
1 1/4 NTS25-125 NTS31-125 NTS37-125 NTS50-125
1 3/8 NTS25-137 NTS31-137 NTS37-137 NTS50-137
1 1/2 NTS25-150 NTS31-150 NTS37-150 NTS50-150
1 5/8 NTS25-162 NTS31-162 NTS37-162 NTS50-162 NTS62-162 NTS75-162
1 3/4 NTS25-175 NTS31-175 NTS37-175 NTS50-175 NTS62-175 NTS75-175
1 7/8 NTS25-187 NTS31-187 NTS37-187 NTS50-187 NTS62-187 NTS75-187
2 NTS25-2 NTS31-2 NTS37-2 NTS50-2 NTS62-2 NTS75-2
2 1/4 NTS25-225 NTS31-225 NTS37-225 NTS50-225 NTS62-225 NTS75-225
2 1/2 NTS25-250 NTS31-250 NTS37-250 NTS50-250 NTS62-250 NTS75-250
2 3/4 NTS25-275 NTS31-275 NTS37-275 NTS50-275 NTS62-275 NTS75-275
3 NTS25-3 NTS31-3 NTS37-3 NTS50-3 NTS62-3 NTS75-3
MIN L 5/8 5/8 5/8 3/4 1 5/8 1 5/8
MAX LHeight .12 ± .02" .12 ± .02" .14 ± .02" .17 ± .02" .25 ± .02" .32 ± .02"
Diameter .36 ± .02" .43 ± .02" .49 ± .02" .63 ± .02" .77 ± .02" .96 ± .02"
.12" .12" .12" .12" .19" .19"
C25 C31 C37 C50 C62 C75
G25 G31 G37 G50 G62 G75
FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTM20 FTM20
25F 31F 37F 50F 62F 75F
1,473 lb 2,301 lb 3,313 lb 5,890 lb 9,204 lb 13,254 lb
850 lb 1,328 lb 1,912 lb 3,399 lb 5,311 lb 7,647 lbMin Yield Shear
BODY DIAMETER
Length
Up to 3" is considered a stocking size. Beyond 3" is a custom order.
Fillet
After Weld Length Reduction (approx)
STANDARD ACCESSORIESChuckGrip
Min Yield Tensile
FootFerrule
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (see appendix tables for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
DR
AW
N
AR
C
WE
LD
S
TU
D
14
ARC WELD Studs
Collar Stud Mild Steel
A Collar Stud has a flange or collar formed in the middle of the fastener. This style of weld stud has many uses. Itcan be used as a stand off to set one metal sheet above another. Often, this style stud can be used when othersare being considered. For example, a Collar Stud can replace Shoulder Studs and internally Tapped Studs inmany applications. The advantage is that Collar Studs are less costly than other types of studs in similar sizes.
Please note that the base length includes the thickness of the collar. This style of stud comes in a wide variety ofcombinations of Base Length and Thread Length. Contact your Image Sales Representative or the Factorydirectly to find out if we already manufacture a collar stud for your application.
Shear values aren't given for collar studs becausethe shear force is frequently off-set from the base.Therefore, shear value varies with each application.
Example Part No.Min Thread LengthMin Base LengthMax LengthBase Diameter
Thickness+.063 +.063 +.063 +.063- .005 - .005 - .005 - .005
HeightDiameter
Min Yield Torque 5.4 ft•lb 11.1 ft•lb 19.6 ft•lb 47.9 ft•lb
4.5 ft•lb 9.3 ft•lb 16.3 ft•lb 39.9 ft•lbMin Working Torque
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
2,615 lb1,770 lb1,074 lb
.500 .500
Most sizes are made to order
.215" .275" .330" .446"
.500
3/8-16 1/2-13
.375 .375 .500 .625
5/16-18CLC4450-5062CLC3350-3762CLC2750-3162
ChuckGrip
Min Working Tensile
FootFerrule
After Weld Length Reduction (approx)
1/4-20
.500
.093 ± .015"
.33 ± .02"Fillet
Collar
C25
FTM20
25C
.500
.12"
.093 ± .015" .125 ± .015" .156 ± .015"
.12 ± .02" .13 ± .02" .13 ± .02" .15 ± .02"
4,789 lb
FTM20
50C
FTM20
31C
FTM20
(see appendix for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
.62 ± .02".39 ± .02" .46 ± .02"
.12" .12" .12"
G75
C31 C37
G62
37C
G62 G62
BODY DIAMETER & THREAD PITCH
STANDARD ACCESSORIES
.625 .625 .750
CLC2150-2562
Diameter
C50
DR
AW
N
AR
C
WE
LD
S
TU
D
15
ARC WELD Studs
Collar Stud Stainless Steel
ThreadDiameter
BaseDiameter
OverallLength
BaseLength
ThreadLength
FilletDiameter
After WeldLength Reduction
FilletHeight
CollarDiameter
Example Part No.Min Thread LengthMin Base LengthMax LengthBase Diameter
Thickness+.063 +.063 +.063 +.063- .005 - .005 - .005 - .005
HeightDiameter
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (see appendix for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
Min Yield Torque 3.3 ft•lb 6.7 ft•lb 11.8 ft•lb 28.8 ft•lbMin Working TorqueMin Working Tensile 644 lb
2.7 ft•lb 5.5 ft•lb 9.8 ft•lb 23.9 ft•lb
FerruleFoot
.33 ± .02" .39 ± .02"
STANDARD ACCESSORIESC25 C31 C37
.46 ± .02" .62 ± .02"After Weld Length
Reduction (approx)
BODY DIAMETER & THREAD PITCH1/4-20 5/16-18 3/8-16 1/2-13
CLS3350-3762 CLS4450-5062
.375 .375 .500 .625
CLS2150-2562 CLS2750-3162
.500 .500 .500 .500
Most sizes are made to order
.215" .275" .330" .446"
Collar.093 ± .015" .093 ± .015" .125 ± .015" .156 ± .015"
Diameter .500 .625 .625 .750
.12" .12"
.12 ± .02" .13 ± .02" .13 ± .02" .15 ± .02"Fillet
C50
Grip G62 G62 G62 G75
Chuck
.12" .12"
FTM20 FTM20 FTM20 FTM20
1,569 lb 2,873 lb
25C 31C 37C 50C
1,062 lb
DR
AW
N
AR
C
WE
LD
S
TU
D
16
ARC WELD Studs
Reduced Base Mild Steel
A Reduced Base Stud has a smaller diameter base than any other stud of equal thread diameter. This style ofstud is frequently used when the mating part tolerances are very tight and can not accomodate the extra filletdiameter of a Pitch Diameter or Full Thread Stud. Because of the extra processing involved, a Reduced BaseStud is typically more expensive than an equivalent Pitch Diameter or Full Thread Stud. Also, because the base isreduced in diameter the mechanical properties of the fastener are lower than for the equivalent thread size ineither Pitch Diameter or Full Thread Studs.
1/4-20 5/16-18 3/8-16 1/2-13 5/8-11 3/4-10Example Part No. RBC25-62 RBC31-62 RBC37-62 RBC50-1 RBC62-162 RBC75-162
Min Length .625" .625" .625" 1" 1.625" 1.625"
Max LengthLength .187 .187 .375 .437 .550 .800
Diameter .187" .272" .312" .437" .500" .620"
Height .12 ± .02" .12 ± .02" .12 ± .02" .15 ± .02" .17 ± .02" .28 ± .02"
Diameter .28 ± .02" .34 ± .02" .41 ± .02" .53 ± .02" .66 ± .02" .77 ± .02"
.12" .12" .12" .12" .19" .19"
C25 C31 C37 C50 C62 C75
G25 G31 G37 G50 G62 G62
FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTM20 FTM20
25T 31T 37T 50T 62RB 62F
907 lb 1,527 lb 2,291 lb 4,241 lb 6,814 lb 10,189 lb
775 lb 1,305 lb 1,959 lb 3,625 lb 5,824 lb 8,710 lb
3.8 ft•lb 8.0 ft•lb 14.3 ft•lb 35.3 ft•lb 71.0 ft•lb 127.4 ft•lb
4.5 ft•lb 9.5 ft•lb 17.2 ft•lb 42.4 ft•lb 85.2 ft•lb 152.8 ft•lb
Min Working TorqueMin Yield Torque
Min Yield Shear
GripFoot
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (see appendix tables for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
Min Working Tensile
Ferrule
Base
STANDARD ACCESSORIES
BODY DIAMETER & THREAD PITCH
Chuck
Fillet
After Weld Length Reduction (approx)
Most sizes are made to order.
DR
AW
N
AR
C
WE
LD
S
TU
D
17
ARC WELD Studs
Reduced Base Stainless Steel
ThreadDiameter
BaseDiameter
OverallLength
BaseLength
ThreadLength
FilletDiameter
After WeldLength Reduction
FilletHeight
1/4-20 5/16-18 3/8-16 1/2-13 5/8-11 3/4-10Example Part No. RBS25-62 RBS31-62 RBS37-62 RBS50-1 RBS62-162 RBS75-162
Min Length .625" .625" .625" 1" 1.625" 1.625"
Max LengthLength .187 .187 .375 .437 .550 .800
Diameter .187" .272" .312" .437" .500" .620"
Height .12 ± .02" .12 ± .02" .12 ± .02" .15 ± .02" .17 ± .02" .28 ± .02"
Diameter .28 ± .02" .34 ± .02" .41 ± .02" .53 ± .02" .66 ± .02" .77 ± .02"
.12" .12" .12" .12" .19" .19"
C25 C31 C37 C50 C62 C75
G25 G31 G37 G50 G62 G62
FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTM20 FTM20
25T 31T 37T 50T 62RB 62F
544 lb 916 lb 1,375 lb 2,545 lb 4,088 lb 6,114 lb
465 lb 783 lb 1,175 lb 2,175 lb 3,495 lb 5,226 lb
2.3 ft•lb 4.8 ft•lb 8.6 ft•lb 21.2 ft•lb 42.6 ft•lb 76.4 ft•lb
2.7 ft•lb 5.7 ft•lb 10.3 ft•lb 25.4 ft•lb 51.1 ft•lb 91.7 ft•lb
Min Working TorqueMin Yield Torque
BODY DIAMETER & THREAD PITCH
Fillet
After Weld Length Reduction (approx)
Base
STANDARD ACCESSORIES
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Min Yield Shear
Chuck
Min Working Tensile
Most sizes are made to order.
GripFoot
Ferrule
(see appendix tables for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
DR
AW
N
AR
C
WE
LD
S
TU
D
18
ARC WELD Studs
Full Base Mild Steel
A Full Base Stud is manufactured so the base of the stud is the same diameter as the nominal thread diameter.This gives a stud maximum shear capabilities for its diameter. A full base does not offer any increase in tensilesince the threads dictate the minimum affected stress area. These studs are frequently used in applications wheremaximum shear is important and maximum fastener size is limited. Due to required manufacturingprocesses, a Full Base Stud will be more expensive than equivalent size Pitch Diameter and Full Thread Studs.
1/4-20 5/16-18 3/8-16 1/2-13 5/8-11 3/4-10Example Part No. FBC25-62 FBC31-62 FBC37-62 FBC50-1 FBC62-162 FBC75-162
Min Length .625" .625" .625" 1" 1.625" 1.625"
Max LengthLength .187 ± .063" .250 ± .063" .265 ± .063" .300 ± .063" .375 ± .063" .500 ± .063"
Diameter .250" .313" .375" .500" .625" .750"
Height .12 ± .02" .12 ± .02" .14 ± .02" .17 ± .02" .19 ± .02" .32 ± .02"
Diameter .36 ± .02" .43 ± .02" .49 ± .02" .63 ± .02" .77 ± .02" .97 ± .02"
.12" .12" .12" .12" .19" .19"
C25 C31 C37 C50 C62 C75
G25 G31 G37 G50 G62 G75
FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTM20 FTM20
25F 31F 37F 50F 62F 75F
1,074 lb 1,770 lb 2,615 lb 4,789 lb 7,628 lb 11,288 lb
1,416 lb 2,213 lb 3,186 lb 5,665 lb 8,851 lb 12,746 lb
4.5 ft•lb 9.3 ft•lb 16.3 ft•lb 39.9 ft•lb 79.4 ft•lb 141.1 ft•lb
5.4 ft•lb 11.1 ft•lb 19.6 ft•lb 47.9 ft•lb 95.3 ft•lb 169.3 ft•lb
Min Working TorqueMin Yield Torque
BODY DIAMETER & THREAD PITCH
Fillet
After Weld Length Reduction (approx)
STANDARD ACCESSORIES
Base
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Min Yield Shear
Chuck
Min Working Tensile
Most sizes are made to order.
GripFoot
Ferrule
(see appendix tables for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
DR
AW
N
AR
C
WE
LD
S
TU
D
19
ARC WELD Studs
Full Base Stainless Steel
ThreadDiameter
BaseDiameter
OverallLength
BaseLength
ThreadLength
FilletDiameter
After WeldLength Reduction
FilletHeight
1/4-20 5/16-18 3/8-16 1/2-13 5/8-11 3/4-10Example Part No. FBS25-62 FBS31-62 FBS37-62 FBS50-1 FBS62-162 FBS75-162
Min Length .625" .625" .625" 1" 1.625" 1.625"
Max LengthLength .187 ± .063" .250 ± .063" .265 ± .063" .300 ± .063" .375 ± .063" .500 ± .063"
Diameter .250" .313" .375" .500" .625" .750"
Height .12 ± .02" .12 ± .02" .14 ± .02" .17 ± .02" .19 ± .02" .32 ± .02"
Diameter .36 ± .02" .43 ± .02" .49 ± .02" .63 ± .02" .77 ± .02" .97 ± .02"
.12" .12" .12" .12" .19" .19"
C25 C31 C37 C50 C62 C75
G25 G31 G37 G50 G62 G75
FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTM20 FTM20
25F 31F 37F 50F 62F 75F
644 lb 1,062 lb 1,569 lb 2,873 lb 4,577 lb 6,773 lb
850 lb 1,328 lb 1,912 lb 3,399 lb 5,311 lb 7,647 lb
2.7 ft•lb 5.5 ft•lb 9.8 ft•lb 23.9 ft•lb 47.7 ft•lb 84.7 ft•lb
3.3 ft•lb 6.7 ft•lb 11.8 ft•lb 28.8 ft•lb 57.2 ft•lb 101.6 ft•lb
Min Working TorqueMin Yield Torque
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Min Yield Shear
(see appendix tables for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
Min Working Tensile
ChuckGripFoot
Ferrule
BODY DIAMETER & THREAD PITCH
Fillet
After Weld Length Reduction (approx)
STANDARD ACCESSORIES
Base
Most sizes are made to order.
DR
AW
N
AR
C
WE
LD
S
TU
D
20
ARC WELD Studs
Tapped Stud Mild Steel
An internally Tapped Stud, or Tapped Pad is a no thread stud which has a blind tap hole. This stud is used whenthe mating part must be attached with a bolt / threaded projection rather than a nut. This stud can bemanufactured in a variety of size / length configurations. Most Tap Pads are made to order.
If you are looking for an attachment boss, consider using a Collar Stud and nut combination for a cost / deliverysavings.
1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4TPC3775-2537 TPC3775-2537 TPC3775-2537 TPC3775-2537 TPC3775-2537 TPC3775-2537
#8-32 #10-24 1/4-20 3/8-16 1/2-13 5/8-11
Min Body Length .625" .625" .625" 1" 1.625" 1.625"
Max LengthLength - .250" Length - .250" Length - .250" Length - .250" Length - .375" Length - .375"
.12" .12" .12" .12" .19" .19"
C25 C31 C37 C50 C62 C75
G25 G31 G37 G50 G62 G75
FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTM20 FTM20
25F 31F 37F 50F 62F 75F
2,454 lb 3,835 lb 5,522 lb 9,817 lb 15,340 lb 22,089 lb
1,416 lb 2,213 lb 3,186 lb 5,665 lb 8,851 lb 12,746 lb
Min Yield Tensile
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (see appendix tables for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
Min Yield Shear
BODY DIAMETER
After Weld Length Reduction (approx)
STANDARD ACCESSORIESChuck
Most sizes are made to order.
Max Tap Depth
Example Part No.Tap Size
GripFoot
Ferrule
DR
AW
N
AR
C
WE
LD
S
TU
D
21
ARC WELD Studs
Tapped Stud Stainless Steel
BodyDiameter
OverallLength
FilletDiameter
After WeldLength Reduction
FilletHeight
TapDepth
DrillDepth
1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4TPC3775-2537 TPC3775-2537 TPC3775-2537 TPC3775-2537 TPC3775-2537 TPC3775-2537
#8-32 #10-24 1/4-20 3/8-16 1/2-13 5/8-11
Min Body Length .625" .625" .625" 1" 1.625" 1.625"
Max LengthLength - .250" Length - .250" Length - .250" Length - .250" Length - .375" Length - .375"
.12" .12" .12" .12" .19" .19"
C25 C31 C37 C50 C62 C75
G25 G31 G37 G50 G62 G75
FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTM20 FTM20
25F 31F 37F 50F 62F 75F
1,473 lb 2,301 lb 3,313 lb 5,890 lb 9,204 lb 13,254 lb
850 lb 1,328 lb 1,912 lb 3,399 lb 5,311 lb 7,647 lb
Min Yield TensileMin Yield Shear
BODY DIAMETER
Example Part No.Tap Size
Most sizes are made to order.
Max Tap DepthAfter Weld Length Reduction (approx)
FootFerrule
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
STANDARD ACCESSORIESChuckGrip
(see appendix tables for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
DR
AW
N
AR
C
WE
LD
S
TU
D
22
ARC WELD Studs
Shoulder Base Stud Mild Steel
A Shoulder Base Stud provides a boss area for mating parts to seat against. Shoulder Base Studs are made toorder. If you are thinking of using a Shoulder Base Stud, consider a Collar Stud. A Collar Stud will provide asimilar boss / land area as a Shoulder Base Stud at a cost / delivery time savings. The fundamental differencebetween a Shoulder Base Stud and a Collar Stud is that the base of a Shoulder Base Stud can handle more shearthan the base of a Collar Stud for a given thread size. However, a Collar Stud can be welded to a thinner gage ofmetal than a Shoulder Base Stud for a given thread size.
1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8Example Part No. SBC2531-1640 SBC3134-1946 SBC3737-2562 SBC4343-3178 SBC5050-3793 SBC6262-50125 SBC7562-62156 SBC8775-75187
Thread Pitch #8-32 #10-24 1/4-20 5/16-18 3/8-16 1/2-13 5/8-11 3/4-10
Min Thread Length .40" .46" .62" .78" .93" 1.25" 1.56" 1.87"
Max LengthMin Length .312" .343" .375" .437" .500" .625" .625" .750"
Diameter .250" .313" .375" .437" .500" .625" .750" .875"
Height .12 ± .02" .12 ± .02" .14 ± .02" .16 ± .02" .17 ± .02" .25 ± .02" .32 ± .02" .39 ± .02"
Diameter .36 ± .02" .43 ± .02" .49 ± .02" .57 ± .02" .63 ± .02" .77 ± .02" .96 ± .02" 1.08 ± .02"
.12" .12" .12" .12" .12" .19" .19" .19"
C16 C19 C25 C31 C37 C50 C62 C75
G25 G31 G37 G43 G50 G62 G75 G87
FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTM20 FTM20 FTL20
25F 31F 37F 43F 50F 62F 75F 87F
473 lb 592 lb 1,074 lb 1,770 lb 2,615 lb 4,789 lb 7,628 lb 11,288 lb
468 lb 602 lb 918 lb 1,513 lb 2,236 lb 4,094 lb 6,520 lb 9,649 lb
16 in•lb 22 in•lb 4.5 ft•lb 9.3 ft•lb 16.3 ft•lb 39.9 ft•lb 79.4 ft•lb 141.1 ft•lb
18.6 in•lb 27 in•lb 5.4 ft•lb 11.1 ft•lb 19.6 ft•lb 47.9 ft•lb 95.3 ft•lb 169.3 ft•lb
1,416 lb 2,213 lb 3,186 lb 4,337 lb 5,665 lb 8,851 lb 12,746 lb 12491 lb
GripFoot
Ferrule
Min Yield Torque
Min Working TensileMin Yield ShearMin Working Torque
STANDARD ACCESSORIES
Most sizes are made to order.
BODY DIAMETER
Min Yield Shear
Base
Fillet
After Weld Length Reduction (approx)
Chuck
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (see appendix tables for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
Thread
Base
DR
AW
N
AR
C
WE
LD
S
TU
D
23
ARC WELD Studs
Shoulder Base Stud Stainless Steel
ThreadDiameter
FilletDiameter
After WeldLength Reduction
FilletHeightBase
DiameterBase
Height
ThreadLength
1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8SBS2531-1640 SBS3134-1946 SBS3737-2562 SBS4343-3178 SBS5050-3793 SBS6262-50125 SBS7562-62156 SBS8775-75187
Thread Pitch #8-32 #10-24 1/4-20 5/16-18 3/8-16 1/2-13 5/8-11 3/4-10
.40" .46" .62" .78" .93" 1.25" 1.56" 1.87"
Min Length .312" .343" .375" .437" .500" .625" .625" .750"
Diameter .250" .313" .375" .437" .500" .625" .750" .875"
Height .12 ± .02" .12 ± .02" .14 ± .02" .16 ± .02" .17 ± .02" .25 ± .02" .32 ± .02" .39 ± .02"
Diameter .36 ± .02" .43 ± .02" .49 ± .02" .57 ± .02" .63 ± .02" .77 ± .02" .96 ± .02" 1.08 ± .02"
.12" .12" .12" .12" .12" .19" .19" .19"
C16 C19 C25 C31 C37 C50 C62 C75
G25 G31 G37 G43 G50 G62 G75 G87
FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTM20 FTM20 FTL20
25F 31F 37F 43F 50F 62F 75F 87F
284 lb 355 lb 644 lb 1,062 lb 1,569 lb 2,873 lb 4,577 lb 6,773 lb
242 lb 303 lb 551 lb 908 lb 1,341 lb 2,456 lb 3,912 lb 5,790 lb
9 in•lb 13 in•lb 2.7 ft•lb 5.5 ft•lb 9.8 ft•lb 23.9 ft•lb 47.7 ft•lb 84.7 ft•lb
11 in•lb 16 in•lb 3.3 ft•lb 6.7 ft•lb 11.8 ft•lb 28.8 ft•lb 57.2 ft•lb 101.6 ft•lb
850 lb 1,328 lb 1,912 lb 2,602 lb 3,399 lb 5,311 lb 7,647 lb 12491 lb
Base
Base
Fillet
After Weld Length Reduction (approx)
STANDARD ACCESSORIES
Min Yield Torque
Min Working TensileMin Yield ShearMin Working Torque
ChuckGripFoot
Min Yield Shear
Ferrule
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (see appendix tables for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
Thread
Max Length Most sizes are made to order.
BODY DIAMETER
Example Part No.
Min Thread Length
DR
AW
N
AR
C
WE
LD
S
TU
D
24
ARC WELD Studs
Headed Anchor Mild Steel
Headed Anchors are designed to be welded to flat surfaces or in the fillet or heel of angles. They are used instructural applications. Please note that the standard ferrule is for welding on flat surfaces. If you are going toweld on the fillet or heel of angles, please ask your Image Sales Representative or consult the Factory directly fora different ferrule specification.
1/4 3/8 1/2 5/81 1/8 HAC25-112
1 3/8 HAC37-137
1 5/8 HAC37-162
2 1/8 HAC37-212 HAC50-212
2 5/8 HAC50-262
2 11/16 HAC25-268 HAC37-268 HAC62-268
3 1/8 HAC37-312 HAC50-312
3 3/16 HAC62-318
3 5/8 HAC50-362
4 1/8 HAC25-412 HAC37-412 HAC50-412
4 3/16 HAC62-418
5 5/16 HAC50-531
6 1/8 HAC37-612 HAC50-612
6 3/16 HAC62-618
6 9/16 HAC62-656
8 1/8 HAC50-812
8 3/16 HAC62-818
Min Length 1.125" 1.375" 2.125" 2.687"
Max LengthHeight .19" .28" .31" .31"
Diameter .50" .75" 1.00" 1.25"
Height .12 ± .02" .12 ± .02" .17 ± .02" .25 ± .02"
Diameter .36 ± .02" .49 ± .02" .63 ± .02" .77 ± .02"
.12" .12" .12" .19"
CH25 CH37 CH50 CH62
GS25 GS37 GS50 GS62
GLS25 GLS37 GLS50 GLS62
FTSS20 FTSS20 FTSS20 FTMS20
25F 37F 50F 62F
2,454 lb 3,835 lb 5,522 lb 9,817 lb
1,416 lb 2,213 lb 3,186 lb 5,665 lb
BODY DIAMETER
Head
Fillet
After Weld Length Reduction (approx)
Most Sizes are made to order
Length
STANDARD ACCESSORIESChuckGrip
FootLong Grip (inside angle)
Ferrule
Max Yield TensileMax Yield Shear
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (see appendix for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
DR
AW
N
AR
C
WE
LD
S
TU
D
25
ARC WELD Studs
Headed Anchor Stainless Steel
BodyDiameter
OverallLength
FilletDiameter
After WeldLength Reduction
FilletHeight
HeadHeight
HeadDiameter
A longer grip is usually needed whenwelding into angles .
Accessories will be different for weldthru deck applications. Consult yourImage Sales Representative orconsult the Factory directly forassistance with accessories for thistype of application.
1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8HAS25-112 HAS37-137 HAS50-212 HAS62-268
Min Length 1.125" 1.375" 2.125" 2.687"
Max LengthHeight .19" .28" .31" .31"
Diameter .50" .75" 1.00" 1.25"
Height .12 ± .02" .12 ± .02" .17 ± .02" .25 ± .02"
Diameter .36 ± .02" .49 ± .02" .63 ± .02" .77 ± .02"
.12" .12" .12" .19"
CH25 CH37 CH50 CH62
GS25 GS37 GS50 GS62
GLS25 GLS37 GLS50 GLS62
Small Split Small Split Small Split Medium Split
25F 37F 50F 62F
1,473 lb 2,301 lb 3,313 lb 5,890 lb
850 lb 1,328 lb 1,912 lb 3,399 lb
BODY DIAMETER
Head
Fillet
After Weld Length Reduction (approx)
Example Part No.
Most Sizes are made to order
STANDARD ACCESSORIESChuckGrip
FootLong Grip (inside angle)
Min Yield Shear
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (see appendix for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
Ferrule
Min Yield Tensile
DR
AW
N
AR
C
WE
LD
S
TU
D
26
ARC WELD Studs
Shear Connector Mild Steel
Shear Connectors are specifically designed to effectively tie the concrete to steel beams and to resist shearloadings between the concrete slab and steel beam in composite construction. Shear Connectors can be weldedto flat surfaces or in the fillet or heel of angles. They are used in structural applications.
Please note that the standard ferrule is for welding on flat surfaces. If you are going to weld on the fillet or heel ofangles, please ask your Image Sales Representative or consult the Factory directly for a different ferrulespecification.
3/4 7/8 13 3/16 SCC75-318
3 3/8 SCC75-337
3 11/16 SCC87-368
3 7/8 SCC75-387
4 3/16 SCC75-418 SCC87-418
4 1/4 SCC75-425 SCC1-425
4 3/8 SCC75-437
4 7/8 SCC75-487
5 3/16 SCC75-518 SCC87-518
5 1/4 SCC1-525
5 3/8 SCC75-537
5 7/8 SCC75-587
6 3/16 SCC75-618 SCC87-318
6 1/4 SCC1-625
7 3/16 SCC75-718 SCC87-718
8 3/16 SCC75-818 SCC87-818
8 1/4 SCC1-825
9 3/16 SCC75-918
9 1/4 SCC1-925
10 3/16 SCC75-1018
10 1/4 SCC1-1025
Min Length 3.187" 3.687" 4.25"
Max LengthHeight .38" .38" .56"
Diameter 1.25" 1.38" 1.625"
Height .32 ± .02" .39 ± .02" .41 ± .02"
Diameter .96 ± .02" 1.08 ± .02" 1.25 ± .02"
.19" .19" .19"
CS62 CS87 CS1
GS62 GS87 GS1
GLS62
FTMS20 FTLS20 FTLS20
75F 87F 1F
22,089 lb 30,066 lb 39,270 lb
12,746 lb 17,348 lb 22,659 lb
Ferrule
Head
Fillet
After Weld Length Reduction (approx)
ChuckGrip
FootLong Grip (inside angle)
BODY DIAMETER
Most Sizes are made to order
STANDARD ACCESSORIES
Length
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Min Yield TensileMin Yield Shear
(see appendix for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
DR
AW
N
AR
C
WE
LD
S
TU
D
27
ARC WELD Studs
Shear Connector Stainless Steel
BodyDiameter
OverallLength
FilletDiameter
After WeldLength Reduction
FilletHeight
HeadHeight
HeadDiameter
A longer grip is usually needed whenwelding into angles .
Accessories will be different for weldthru deck applications. Consult yourImage Sales Representative orconsult the Factory directly forassistance with accessories for thistype of application.
3/4 7/8 1SCS75-318 SCS87-368 SCS1-425
3.187" 3.687" 4.25"
Height .38" .38" .56"
Diameter 1.25" 1.38" 1.625"
Height .32 ± .02" .39 ± .02" .41 ± .02"
Diameter .96 ± .02" 1.08 ± .02" 1.25 ± .02"
.19" .19" .19"
CS62 CS87 CS1
GS62 GS87 GS1
GLS62
FTMS20 FTLS20 FTLS20
75F 87F 1F
13,254 lb 18,040 lb 23,562 lb
7,647 lb 10,409 lb 13,595 lb
BODY DIAMETER
Most Sizes are made to order
Min Yield Shear
Example Part No.Min LengthMax Length
Head
Fillet
After Weld Length Reduction (approx)
Ferrule
Min Yield Tensile
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (see appendix for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
STANDARD ACCESSORIESChuckGrip
FootLong Grip (inside angle)
DR
AW
N
AR
C
WE
LD
S
TU
D
28
M ARC WELD Studs METRIC
Pitch Diameter Mild & Stainless Steels
ThreadDiameter
BaseDiameter
OverallLength
BaseLength
ThreadLength
FilletDiameter
After WeldLength Reduction
FilletHeight
Pitch Diameter and Full Thread Studs are the two most common types of Standard Drawn Arc Weld Studs. The primary advantageof a Pitch Diameter Stud versus a Full Thread Stud is in shear value. The Pitch Diameter Stud will have a higher shear value thanthe same size Full Thread Stud. This is due to the slightly larger base diameter of a Pitch Diameter Stud. However, since a PitchDiameter Stud is not fully threaded it may not be appropriate for your specific application. A Pitch Diameter Stud is best suitedwhen there is a mating part that covers the unthreaded portion of the weld stud.
16mm20mm25mm30mm35mm40mm45mm50mm55mm60mm65mm70mmMIN LMAX L
Diameter+1.6mm +1.6mm +1.6mm +1.6mm +1.6mm +1.6mm
-0.00mm -0.00mm -0.00mm -0.00mm -0.00mm -0.00mm
Fillet HeightDiameter
Base Dim.
After Weld Length Reduction (approx)
PDC10-35
PDC10-40
PDC10-45
PDC10-50
PDC10-55
PDC10-60
PDC10-65
PDC10-25
PDC10-20
PDC10-16
PDC10-30
Length
PDC6-16
6mm-1.0
PDC6-20
PDC6-25
PDC6-30
Chuck
FootFerrule
Grip
PDC6-35
PDC6-40
PDC6-45
PDC6-50
PDC8-40
PDC6-55
PDC6-60
PDC6-65
PDC8-20
PDC8-25
PDC8-35
PDC8-30
8mm-1.25 10mm-1.5Low Carbon Steel
PDC8-16
Stainless Steel10mm-1.5
Min Yield ShearMin Working Torque 5.6 N•M 13.6 N•M 26.9 N•M 3.4 N•M 8.1 N•M 16.1 N•M
PDC8-45
PDC8-50
PDC8-55
PDC8-60
PDC8-65
PDC8-70
16mm
Length
5.30mm 7.16mm
9.5
16mm
PDC6-70 PDC10-70
16mm
6mm-1.0 8mm-1.25PDS6-16 PDS8-16
PDS6-25 PDS8-25
PDS6-35 PDS8-35
PDS10-16
PDS6-20 PDS8-20 PDS10-20
PDS10-25
PDS6-30 PDS8-30 PDS10-30
PDS10-35
PDS6-40 PDS8-40 PDS10-40
PDS6-45 PDS8-45 PDS10-45
PDS6-50 PDS8-50 PDS10-50
PDS6-55 PDS8-55 PDS10-55
PDS6-60 PS8-60 PDS10-60
PDS6-65 PDS8-65 PDS10-65
PDS6-70 PDS8-70 PDS10-70
7.16mm 8.98mm
16mm 16mm 16mm
Most sizes are made to order.
3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm
8.98mm 5.30mm
2mm
3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm
9.1 ± .5mm 10.9 ± .5mm 12.2 ± .5mm 9.1 ± .5mm 10.9 ± .5mm 12.2 ± .5mm
3.1 ± .5mm
CM6 CM8 CM10 CM6
G37 G25
3mm 3mm
CM8 CM10
STANDARD ACCESSORIES
2mm 3mm 3mm
G31 G37
FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20
G25 G31
31P M10P25P 31P M10P 25P
446 N 804 N 1,268 N 267 N
BODY DIAMETER & THREAD PITCH
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (see appendix tables for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
Min Working Tensile 467 N 849 N 1,345 N 280 N 509 N 806 N
Min Yield Torque 6.7 N•M 16.3 N•M 32.3 N•M 4.0 N•M 9.8 N•M 19.4 N•M
9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5
482 N 760 N
DR
AW
N
AR
C
WE
LD
S
TU
D
29
MARC WELD Studs METRIC
Full Thread Mild & Stainless Steels
Full Thread Studs are one of the two most common studs. The threads on a Full Thread Stud run the full length of the fastener (hence fullthread). This simplifies many mating part concerns and is a favorite of engineering. A Pitch Diameter Stud requires that the mating part(s)cover the unthreaded portion of the fastener. Also, a Pitch Diameter Stud is marginally stronger in shear than a Full Thread Stud due to theslightly larger diameter in the shear area.
ThreadDiameterOverall
Length
FilletDiameter
After WeldLength Reduction
FilletHeight
6mm-1.0 8mm-1.25 10mm-1.5 6mm-1.0 8mm-1.25 10mm-1.516mm FTC6-16 FTC8-16 FTC10-16 FTS6-16 FTS8-16 FTS10-16
20mm FTC6-20 FTC8-20 FTC10-20 FTS6-20 FTS8-20 FTS10-20
23mm FTC6-23 FTC8-23 FTC10-23 FTS6-23 FTS8-23 FTS10-23
25mm FTC6-25 FTC8-25 FTC10-25 FTS6-25 FTS8-25 FTS10-25
28mm FTC6-28 FTC8-28 FTC10-28 FTS6-28 FTS8-28 FTS10-28
30mm FTC6-30 FTC8-30 FTC10-30 FTS6-30 FTS8-30 FTS10-30
35mm FTC6-35 FTC8-35 FTC10-35 FTS6-35 FTS8-35 FTS10-35
40mm FTC6-40 FTC8-40 FTC10-40 FTS6-40 FTS8-40 FTS10-40
45mm FTC6-45 FTC8-45 FTC10-45 FTS6-45 FTS8-45 FTS10-45
50mm FTC6-50 FTC8-50 FTC10-50 FTS6-50 FTS8-50 FTS10-50
55mm FTC6-55 FTC8-55 FTC10-55 FTS6-55 FTS-55 FTS10-55
60mm FTC6-60 FTC8-60 FTC10-60 FTS6-60 FTSS-60 FTS10-60
65mm FTC6-65 FTC8-65 FTC10-65 FTS6-65 FTS8-65 FTS10-65
70mm FTC6-70 FTC8-70 FTC10-70 FTS6-70 FTS8-70 FTS10-70
MIN L 16mm 16mm 16mm 16mm 16mm 16mm
MAX LHeight 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm
Diameter 9.1 ± .5mm 10.9 ± .5mm 12.2 ± .5mm 9.1 ± .5mm 10.9 ± .5mm 12.2 ± .5mm
2mm 3mm 3mm 2mm 3mm 3mm
CM6 CM8 CM10 CM6 CM8 CM10
G25 G31 G37 G25 G31 G37
FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20
25F 31F M10F 25F 31F M10F
467 N 849 N 1,345 N 280 N 509 N 806 N
399 N 726 N 1,149 N 239 N 435 N 689 N
5.6 N•M 13.6 N•M 26.9 N•M 3.4 N•M 8.1 N•M 16.1 N•M
6.7 N•M 16.3 N•M 32.3 N•M 4.0 N•M 9.8 N•M 19.4 N•M
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (see appendix tables for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
Min Working TensileMin Yield Shear
Min Yield TorqueMin Working Torque
LENGTH
BODY DIAMETER & THREAD PITCHLow Carbon Steel Stainless Steel
Most sizes are made to order.
FootFerrule
ChuckGrip
Fillet
After Weld Length Reduction (approx)
STANDARD ACCESSORIES
DR
AW
N
AR
C
WE
LD
S
TU
D
30
M ARC WELD Studs METRIC
No Thread Mild & Stainless Steels
No Thread Studs simply do not have any threads. There are many uses for a No Thread Stud which include: stops, handles, locators etc. Anitem to note on No Thread Studs is that the body is the full dimension. An 8 mm NT is 8 mm in diameter where as a 8 mm Pitch Diameter Studis only 7.87 mm in diameter in the unthreaded portion.
Many different features can be put into a No Thread Stud such as grooves for retaining clips or springs, cross drilled holes, slots, etc. Contactyour Image Sales Representative or consult the Factory directly to find out if there may be a special part to meet your application.
BodyDiameterOverall
Length
FilletDiameter
After WeldLength Reduction
FilletHeight
6mm 8mm 10mm 6mm 8mm 10mm16mm NTC6-16 NTC8-16 NTC10-16 NTS6-16 NTS8-16 NTS10-16
20mm NTC6-20 NTC8-20 NTC10-20 NTS6-20 NTS8-20 NTS10-20
25mm NTC6-25 NTC8-25 NTC10-25 NTS6-25 NTS8-25 NTS10-25
30mm NTC6-30 NTC8-30 NTC10-30 NTS6-30 NTS8-30 NTS10-30
35mm NTC6-35 NTC8-35 NTC10-35 NTS6-35 NTS8-35 NTS10-35
40mm NTC6-40 NTC8-40 NTC10-40 NTS6-40 NTS8-40 NTS10-40
45mm NTC6-45 NTC8-45 NTC10-45 NTS6-45 NTS8-45 NTS10-45
50mm NTC6-50 NTC8-50 NTC10-50 NTS6-50 NTS8-50 NTS10-50
55mm NTC6-55 NTC8-55 NTC10-55 NTS6-55 NTS8-55 NSC10-55
60mm NTC6-60 NTC8-60 NTC10-60 NTS6-60 NTS8-60 NTS10-60
65mm NTC6-65 NTC8-65 NTC10-65 NTS6-65 NTS8-65 NTS10-65
70mm NTC6-70 NTC8-70 NTC10-70 NTS6-70 NTS8-70 NTS10-70
MIN L 16mm 16mm 16mm 16mm 16mm 16mm
MAX LHeight 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm
Diameter 9.1 ± .5mm 10.9 ± .5mm 12.2 ± .5mm 9.1 ± .5mm 10.9 ± .5mm 12.2 ± .5mm
2mm 3mm 3mm 2mm 3mm 3mm
CM6 CM8 CM10 CM6 CM8 CM10
G25 G31 G37 G25 G31 G37
FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20
25F 31F M10F 25F 31F M10F
971 N 1,727 N 2,698 N 582 N 1,035 N 1,618 N
560 N 996 N 1,557 N 336 N 597 N 934 NMin Yield Shear
Most sizes are made to order.
BODY DIAMETER
Fillet
Length
Low Carbon Steel Stainless Steel
After Weld Length Reduction (approx)
STANDARD ACCESSORIESChuckGrip
Min Yield Tensile
FootFerrule
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (see appendix tables for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
DR
AW
N
AR
C
WE
LD
S
TU
D
31
MARC WELD Studs METRIC
Collar Stud Mild & Stainless Steels
A Collar Stud has a flange or collar formed in the middle of the fastener. This style of weld stud has many uses. It can be used as a stand off to set onemetal sheet above another. Often, this style stud can be used when others are being considered. For example, a Collar Stud can replace Shoulder Studsand internally Tapped Studs in many applications. The advantage is that Collar Studs are less costly than other types of studs in similar sizes.
Please note that the base length includes the thickness of the collar. This style of stud comes in a wide variety of combinations of Base Length andThread Length. If you do not see exactly what you are looking for contact your Image Sales Representative or the Factory directly.
ThreadDiameter
BaseDiameter
OverallLength
BaseLength
ThreadLength
FilletDiameter
After WeldLength Reduction
FilletHeight
CollarDiameter
6mm - 1.0 8mm - 1.25 10mm - 1.5 6mm - 1.0 8mm - 1.25 10mm - 1.5CLC2113-610 CLC2713-810 CLC3525-1013 CLC2113-610 CLC2713-810 CLC3525-1013
Min Thread Length 10mm 10mm 13mm 20mm 20mm 20mm
Min Base Length 13 mm 13mm 13mm 25mm 25mm 25mm
Max LengthBase Diameter 5.30mm 7.16mm 8.98mm 5.30mm 7.16mm 8.98mm
Thickness 2.36 ± .38mm 2.36 ± .38mm 3.96 ± .38mm 2.36 ± .38mm 2.36 ± .38mm 3.96 ± .38mm
Diameter 12.70 ± 1.58mm 15.75 ± 1.58mm 19.00 ± 1.58mm 12.70 ± 1.58mm 15.75 ± 1.58mm 19.00 ± 1.58mm
Height 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm
Diameter 9.1 ± .5mm 10.9 ± .5mm 12.2 ± .5mm 9.1 ± .5mm 10.9 ± .5mm 12.2 ± .5mm
2mm 3mm 3mm 2mm 3mm 3mm
CM6 CM8 CM10 CM6 CM8 CM10
G62 G62 G62 G62 G62 G62
FTM20 FTM20 FTM20 FTM20 FTM20 FTM20
25C 31C M10C 25C 31C M10C
467 N 849 N 1,345 N 280 N 509 N 806 N
5.6 N•M 13.6 N•M 26.9 N•M 3.4 N•M 8.1 N•M 16.1 N•M
6.7 N•M 16.3 N•M 32.3 N•M 4.0 N•M 9.8 N•M 19.4 N•MMin Yield TorqueMin Working Torque
STANDARD ACCESSORIES
Min Working Tensile
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (see appendix for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
Collar
Fillet
After Weld Length Reduction (approx)
BODY DIAMETER & THREAD PITCH
Most sizes are made to order
Low Carbon Steel Stainless Steel
Example Part No.
Ferrule
ChuckGripFoot
Shear values aren't given for collar studs becausethe shear force is frequently off-set from the base.Therefore, shear value varies with each application.
DR
AW
N
AR
C
WE
LD
S
TU
D
32
M ARC WELD Studs METRIC
Reduced Base Mild & Stainless Steels
A Reduced Base Stud has a smaller diameter base than any other stud of equal thread diameter. This style of stud is frequently used whenthe mating part tolerances are very tight and can not accomodate the extra fillet diameter of a Pitch Diameter or Full Thread Stud. Becauseof the extra processing involved, a Reduced Base Stud is typically more expensive than an equivalent Pitch Diameter or Full Thread Stud.Also, because the base is reduced in diameter the mechanical properties of the fastener are lower than for the equivalent thread size ineither Pitch Diameter or Full Thread Studs.
6mm - 1.0 8mm - 1.25 10mm - 1.5 6mm - 1.0 8mm - 1.25 10mm - 1.5RBC6-16 RBC8-16 RBC10-25 RBS6-16 RBS8-16 RBS10-25
16mm 16mm 25.4mm 16mm 16mm 25.4mm
Length 4.0 ± 1.5mm 4.5 ± 1.5mm 5.0 ± 1.5mm 4.0 ± 1.5mm 4.5 ± 1.5mm 5.0 ± 1.5mm
Diameter 4.7 ± .1mm 6.2 ± .1mm 7.9 ± .1mm 4.7 ± .1mm 6.2 ± .1mm 7.9 ± .1mm
Height 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm
Diameter 7.1 ± .5mm 8.7 ± .5mm 11.9 ± .5mm 7.1 ± .5mm 8.7 ± .5mm 11.9 ± .5mm
2mm 3mm 3mm 2mm 3mm 3mm
CM6 CM8 CM10 CM6 CM8 CM10
G25 G31 G43 G25 G31 G43
FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20
25T 31T M10T 25T 31T M10T
402 N 700 N 1,137 N 241 N 420 N 682 N
344 N 598 N 972 N 206 N 359 N 583 N
4.8 N•M 11.2 N•M 22.7 N•M 2.9 N•M 6.7 N•M 13.6 N•M
5.8 N•M 13.4 N•M 27.3 N•M 3.5 N•M 8.1 N•M 16.4 N•M
Min Working TorqueMin Yield Torque
Most sizes are made to order
Example Part No.Min Thread LengthMax Length
BODY DIAMETER & THREAD PITCH
STANDARD ACCESSORIES
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (see appendix tables for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
Low Carbon Steel Stainless Steel
Min Working TensileMin Yield Shear
Base
FootFerrule
ChuckGrip
Fillet
After Weld Length Reduction (approx)
ThreadDiameter
BaseDiameter
OverallLength
BaseLength
ThreadLength
FilletDiameter
After WeldLength Reduction
FilletHeight
DR
AW
N
AR
C
WE
LD
S
TU
D
33
MARC WELD Studs METRIC
Full Base Mild & Stainless Steels
ThreadDiameter
BaseDiameter
OverallLength
BaseLength
ThreadLength
FilletDiameter
After WeldLength Reduction
FilletHeight
A Full Base Stud is manufactured so the base of the stud is the same diameter as the nominal thread diameter. This gives a stud maximumshear capabilities for its diameter. A full base does not offer any increase in tensile since the threads dictate the minimum affected stressarea. These studs are frequently used in applications where maximum shear is important and maximum fastener size is limited. Due torequired manufacturing processes, a Full Base Stud will be more expensive than equivalent size Pitch Diameter and Full Thread Studs.
6mm - 1.0 8mm - 1.25 10mm - 1.5 6mm - 1.0 8mm - 1.25 10mm - 1.5FBC6-16 FBC8-16 FBC10-25 FBS6-16 FBS8-16 FBS10-25
Min Thread Length 16mm 16mm 25.4mm 16mm 16mm 25.4mm
Max LengthLength 5.0 ± 1.5mm 6.5 ± 1.5mm 7.5 ± 1.5mm 5.0 ± 1.5mm 6.5 ± 1.5mm 7.5 ± 1.5mm
Diameter 6.0mm 8.0mm 10.0mm 6.0mm 8.0mm 10.0mm
Height 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm
Diameter 9.1 ± .5mm 10.9 ± .5mm 12.2 ± .5mm 9.1 ± .5mm 10.9 ± .5mm 12.2 ± .5mm
2mm 3mm 3mm 2mm 3mm 3mm
CM6 CM8 CM10 CM6 CM8 CM10
G25 G31 G37 G25 G31 G37
FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20
25F 31F M10F 25F 31F M10F
467 N 849 N 1,345 N 280 N 509 N 806 N
560 N 996 N 1,557 N 336 N 597 N 934 N
5.6 N•M 13.6 N•M 26.9 N•M 3.4 N•M 8.1 N•M 16.1 N•M
6.7 N•M 16.3 N•M 32.3 N•M 4.0 N•M 9.8 N•M 19.4 N•M
Min Working TorqueMin Yield Torque
Most sizes are made to order
BODY DIAMETER & THREAD PITCH
STANDARD ACCESSORIES
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (see appendix tables for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
GripFoot
Low Carbon Steel Stainless Steel
Example Part No.
Fillet
After Weld Length Reduction (approx)
Base
Chuck
Min Working TensileMin Yield Shear
Ferrule
DR
AW
N
AR
C
WE
LD
S
TU
D
34
M ARC WELD Studs METRIC
Tapped Stud Mild & Stainless Steels
An internally Tapped Stud, or Tapped Pad is a no thread stud which has a blind tap hole. This stud is used when the mating part must beattached with a bolt / threaded projection rather than a nut. This stud can be manufactured in a variety of size / length configurations. MostTap Pads are made to order.
If you are looking for an attachment boss, consider using a Collar Stud and nut combination for a cost / delivery savings.
BodyDiameter
OverallLength
FilletDiameter
After WeldLength Reduction
FilletHeight
TapDepth
DrillDepth
6mm 8mm 10mm 6mm 8mm 10mmTPC616-410 TPC816-610 TPC1016-810 TPS616-410 TPS816-610 TPS1016-810
4 mm - 0.7 6 mm - 1.0 8 mm - 1.25 4 mm - 0.7 6 mm - 1.0 8 mm - 1.25
Min Body Length 16mm 16mm 16mm 16mm 16mm 16mm
Max LengthLength - 6 mm Length - 6 mm Length - 6 mm Length - 6 mm Length - 6 mm Length - 6 mm
Height 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm
Diameter 9.1 ± .5mm 10.9 ± .5mm 12.2 ± .5mm 9.1 ± .5mm 10.9 ± .5mm 12.2 ± .5mm
2mm 3mm 3mm 2mm 3mm 3mm
CM6 CM8 CM10 CM6 CM8 CM10
G25 G31 G37 G25 G31 G37
FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20
25F 31F M10F 25F 31F M10F
971 N 1,727 N 2,698 N 582 N 1,035 N 1,618 N
560 N 996 N 1,557 N 336 N 597 N 934 N
BODY DIAMETER
Max Tap Depth
Tap Size
Min Yield TensileMin Yield Shear
Most sizes are made to order.
STANDARD ACCESSORIES
Low Carbon Steel Stainless Steel
Example Part No.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Fillet
FootFerrule
After Weld Length Reduction (approx)
ChuckGrip
(see appendix tables for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
DR
AW
N
AR
C
WE
LD
S
TU
D
35
MARC WELD Studs METRIC
Shoulder Base Stud Mild & Stainless Steels
ThreadDiameter
FilletDiameter
After WeldLength Reduction
FilletHeightBase
DiameterBase
Height
ThreadLength
A Shoulder Base Stud provides a boss area for mating parts to seat against. Shoulder Base Studs are made to order. If you are thinking ofusing a Shoulder Base Stud, consider a Collar Stud. A Collar Stud will provide a similar boss / land area as a Shoulder Base Stud at acost / delivery time savings. The fundamental difference between a Shoulder Base Stud and a Collar Stud is that the base of a ShoulderBase Stud can handle more shear than the base of a Collar Stud for a given thread size. However, a Collar Stud can be welded to a thinnergage of metal than a Shoulder Base Stud for a given thread size.
6mm 8mm 10mm 6mm 8mm 10mmSBC68-410 SBC89-612 SBC1016-816 SBC68-410 SBC89-612 SBC1016-816
Thread Pitch 4mm - 0.7 6mm - 1.0 8mm - 1.25 4mm - 0.7 6mm - 1.0 8mm - 1.25
Min Thread Length 10mm 12mm 16mm 10mm 12mm 16mm
Max LengthMin Length 8.0 ± 1.5mm 9 ± 1.5mm 10 ± 1.5mm 8.0 ± 1.5mm 9 ± 1.5mm 10 ± 1.5mm
Diameter 6.0mm 8.0mm 10.0mm 6.0mm 8.0mm 10.0mm
Height 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm 3.1 ± .5mm
Diameter 9.1 ± .5mm 10.9 ± .5mm 12.2 ± .5mm 9.1 ± .5mm 10.9 ± .5mm 12.2 ± .5mm
2mm 3mm 3mm 2mm 3mm 3mm
CM4 CM6 CM8 CM4 CM6 CM8
G25 G31 G37 G25 G31 G37
FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20
25F 31F M10F 25F 31F M10F
204 N 467 N 849 N 122 N 280 N 509 N
174 N 399 N 726 N 104 N 239 N 435 N
1.6 N•M 5.6 N•M 13.6 N•M 1.0 N•M 3.4 N•M 8.1 N•M
2.0 N•M 6.7 N•M 16.3 N•M 1.2 N•M 4.0 N•M 9.8 N•M
560 N 996 N 1,557 N 336 N 597 N 934 N
Example Part No.
Most sizes are made to order
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (see appendix tables for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
Thread
Base
BODY DIAMETER
Base
Fillet
After Weld Length Reduction (approx)
STANDARD ACCESSORIES
Ferrule
ChuckGripFoot
Min Working TensileMin Yield ShearMin Working TorqueMin Yield Torque
Min Yield Shear
C
D
WE
LD
S
TU
D
36
CD WELD Studs
1/4" Mild Steel CD StudWelded to 1/8" Hot Rolled Plate
Cross Sectional View ShowingWeld Penetration
Standard Capacitor Discharge Stud
The Capacitor Discharge or CD StudWelding process is extremely fast.Weld times of .006 seconds can beachieved by using the gap process.Because of the short weld times, noflux or shielding gas is required toachieve good integrity welds.
Short weld times are good for welding onto thin sheet metal. Good welds can be achieved on sheet as thin as0.015" (0.4mm). On thicker gauges, excellent cosmetic results can be achieved with minimal reverse side marking.Such low heat is generated during the short weld times that reverse sides can be pre-painted without damage to thepaint.
Because of the short weld times, penetration is minimal. There is no porosity or weld contamination, but thepenetration is only a few thousands. Therefore, CD welds are excellent on thin gauges and / or in cosmeticapplications, but a process with longer weld times should be used for superior integrity.
Critical factors impacting CD weld results are weld voltage (set by the operator on the power supply) and ignition tiplength (controlled during the manufacturing process by Image Industries). If the weld voltage is not sufficient, therewill not be enough heat generated to successfully fuse the stud onto the base material. If the ignition tip, whichcontrols arc length, is not long enough, the weld will not have enough penetration to form a complete bond.
A common welding problem with CD Studs is to use a dimple or witness mark to locate stud position. The CD Studignition tip fits into the dimple. This effectively shortens the ignition tip length and results in shorter arc lengthswhich translates into less heat into the weld.
The Gap CD Welding Process welds studs faster than the Contact CD Process. Gap weld times can range from0.004 seconds to 0.010 seconds while contact times range from about 0.012 seconds to 0.020 seconds. While thistime difference is not critical from a production rate standpoint, it is critical when welding non ferrous alloys such asaluminum or brass. Because non ferrous alloys dissipate heat exceptionally well, a slow CD weld can melt andsolidify the base metal before the face of the stud has made contact with the base metal. Therefore, the GapProcess, which has faster stud velocities; ensures the stud contacts the base metal before the weld pool hassolidified. The downside to Gap CD is that it requires more sophisticated / expensive equipment.
C D
WE
LD
S
TU
D
37
Contact CD Welding Process
Gap CD Welding Process
CD WELD Studs
CD & CD Gap Welding Process Description
CD Stud is positioned against workon the timing or ignition tip,
the gun mechanisms are compressed.
The Trigger is pulled, the timingtip vaporizes and an arc is formed.
This arc melts the bottom of thestud and top of the base metal.
The gun beginsto drive the studinto the base metal
Complete fusion
At the end of travel, the power sourceis completely discharged and the studhas formed a complete bond with the
base material.
The gun trigger is pulled and thegun's mechanism accelerates towards
the weld site.
Upon contact with the base metal, theignition tip vaporizes and an arc is
formed. This arc melts the bottom of thestud and top of the base metal.
Complete fusion
At the end of travel, the power sourceis completely discharged and the studhas formed a complete bond with the
base material.
Initial Gap is set in the welding gun.The gun is positioned over the target.
InitialGap
The gun continuesto drive the stud
toward the base metal
MATERIAL: Standard Mild Steel Studs (low carbon 1008-1018) conform to ASTM A307 & ASTM F568.Stainless Steel Studs (302/302 HQ/304) conform to ASTM F593 & F738. Aluminum Studs are manufactured from5356 alloy. Other materials are available on special order. To discuss your needs and match a process to thoseneeds, or alternate methods for locating CD Studs, consult your Image Sales Representative or the Factorydirectly.
THREAD: Standard thread is UNC-2A for U.S. threads and 6g for metric threads. This is important when gagingthreads during inspection. Different thread specifications can be manufactured on a custom basis.
PLATING/COATING: Carbon Steel CD Studs are typically furnished with a copper flash plating for betterconductivity and some corrosion resistance.
ANNEALING: Upon request, stud ductility can be increased by annealing to 75 Rockwell B for low carbon steeland 90 Rockwell B for stainless steel.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES: All torque, tensile and shear values are calculated values based on a minimummaterial tensile specification. Typically, the material used exceeds these specifications. The calculated minimumsare provided as a reference. All torque and tensile values are calculated based on “working” limits. These workinglimits are designed for bolts which are to be reused instead of bolts which are for permanent installation. Anadditional 25% safety factor has been added to achieve the “working” level. The tensile and torque values are fortensile loading only. The shear values are for shear loading only. These values will be different for combinedtensile and shear stresses.
Weld Stud Specifications
CD
W
EL
D
ST
UD
38
CD WELD Studs
Mild Steel
4-40 6-32 8-32 10-24 10-32 1/4-20 5/16-18 3/8-161/4 CDC11-25 CDC13-25 CDC16-25 CDC19-25 CDC19F-25 CDC25-25
5/16 CDC11-31 CDC13-31 CDC16-31 CDC19-31 CDC19F-31 CDC25-31
3/8 CDC11-37 CDC13-37 CDC16-37 CDC19-37 CDC19F-37 CDC25-37
1/2 CDC11-50 CDC13-50 CDC16-50 CDC19-50 CDC19F-50 CDC25-50 CDC31-50
5/8 CDC11-62 CDC13-62 CDC16-62 CDC19-62 CDC19F-62 CDC25-62 CDC31-62 CDC37-62
3/4 CDC11-75 CDC13-75 CDC16-75 CDC19-75 CDC19F-75 CDC25-75 CDC31-75 CDC37-75
7/8 CDC11-87 CDC13-87 CDC16-87 CDC19-87 CDC19F-87 CDC25-87 CDC31-87 CDC37-87
1 CDC11-1 CDC13-1 CDC16-1 CDC19-1 CDC19F-1 CDC25-1 CDC31-1 CDC37-1
1 1/4 CDC11-125 CDC13-125 CDC16-125 CDC19-125 CDC19F-125 CDC25-125 CDC31-125 CDC37-125
1 1/2 CDC11-150 CDC13-150 CDC16-150 CDC19-150 CDC19F-150 CDC25-150 CDC31-150 CDC37-150
1 3/4 CDC11-175 CDC13-175 CDC16-175 CDC19-175 CDC19F-175 CDC25-175 CDC31-175 CDC37-175
2 CDC11-2 CDC13-2 CDC16-2 CDC19-2 CDC19F-2 CDC25-2 CDC31-2 CDC37-2
Max L.187 ± .010" .218 ± .010" .250 ± .010" .250 ± .010" .250 ± .010" .312 ± .010" .375 ± .010" .500 ± .010"
.112 ± .010" .136 ± .010" .163 ± .010" .190 ± .010" .190 ± .010" .250 ± .010" .312 ± .010" .375 ± .010"
C11 C13 C16 C19 C19 C25 C31 C37
FTMB FTMB FTMB FTMB FTMB FTMB FTMB FTMB
SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS
BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS
194 lb 307 lb 473 lb 592 lb 675 lb 1,074 lb 1,770 lb 2,615 lb
166 lb 262 lb 404 lb 506 lb 577 lb 918 lb 1,513 lb 2,236 lb
4 in•lb 8 in•lb 16 in•lb 22 in•lb 26 in•lb 4.5 ft•lb 9.3 ft•lb 16.3 ft• lb
5.1 in•lb 10.2 in•lb 18.6 in•lb 27 in•lb 30.8 in•lb 5.4 ft•lb 11.1 ft• lb 19.6 ft• lb
Semi-Permanent ShieldStd Spark Shield
Non-Flange Base Dia.NON-FLANGED CD STUDS ADD 'NF' TO THE END OF ABOVE PART NUMBERS
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (see appendix tables for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
BODY DIAMETER & THREAD PITCH
Up to 2" is considered a stocking size. Beyond 2" is a custom order.
BANTAM C2 ACCESSORIES
Length
Flange Diameter
ChuckFoot
Min Working TorqueMin Yield Torque
Min Working TensileMin Yield Shear
FlangeDiameter
OverallLength
ThreadDiameter
NonFlanged,Flange
Diameter
CD
W
EL
D
ST
UD
39
FlangeDiameter
OverallLength
ThreadDiameter
NonFlanged,Flange
Diameter
CD WELD Studs
Stainless Steel
4-40 6-32 8-32 10-24 10-32 1/4-20 5/16-18 3/8-161/4 CDS11-25 CDS13-25 CDS16-25 CDS19-25 CDS19F-25 CDS25-25
5/16 CDS11-31 CDS13-31 CDS16-31 CDS19-31 CDS19F-31 CDS25-31
3/8 CDS11-37 CDS13-37 CDS16-37 CDS19-37 CDS19F-37 CDS25-37
1/2 CDS11-50 CDS13-50 CDS16-50 CDS19-50 CDS19F-50 CDS25-50 CDS31-50
5/8 CDS11-62 CDS13-62 CDS16-62 CDS19-62 CDS19F-62 CDS25-62 CDS31-62 CDS37-62
3/4 CDS11-75 CDS13-75 CDS16-75 CDS19-75 CDS19F-75 CDS25-75 CDS31-75 CDS37-75
7/8 CDS11-87 CDS13-87 CDS16-87 CDS19-87 CDS19F-87 CDS25-87 CDS31-87 CDS37-87
1 CDS11-1 CDS13-1 CDS16-1 CDS19-1 CDS19F-1 CDS25-1 CDS31-1 CDS37-1
1 1/4 CDS11-125 CDS13-125 CDS16-125 CDS19-125 CDS19F-125 CDS25-125 CDS31-125 CDS37-125
1 1/2 CDS11-150 CDS13-150 CDS16-150 CDS19-150 CDS19F-150 CDS25-150 CDS31-150 CDS37-150
1 3/4 CDS11-175 CDS13-175 CDS16-175 CDS19-175 CDS19F-175 CDS25-175 CDS31-175 CDS37-175
2 CDS11-2 CDS13-2 CDS16-2 CDS19-2 CDS19F-2 CDS25-2 CDS31-2 CDS37-2
Max L.187 ± .010" .218 ± .010" .250 ± .010" .250 ± .010" .250 ± .010" .312 ± .010" .375 ± .010" .500 ± .010"
.112 ± .010" .136 ± .010" .163 ± .010" .190 ± .010" .190 ± .010" .250 ± .010" .312 ± .010" .375 ± .010"
C11 C13 C16 C19 C19 C25 C31 C37
FTMB FTMB FTMB FTMB FTMB FTMB FTMB FTMB
SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS
BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS
117 lb 184 lb 284 lb 355 lb 405 lb 644 lb 1,062 lb 1,569 lb
100 lb 157 lb 242 lb 303 lb 346 lb 551 lb 908 lb 1,341 lb
3.0 in•lb 5.0 in•lb 9.0 in•lb 13.0 in•lb 15.0 in•lb 2.7 ft•lb 5.5 ft•lb 9.8 ft•lb
3.0 in•lb 6.0 in•lb 11.0 in•lb 16.0 in•lb 18.0 in•lb 3.3 ft•lb 6.7 ft•lb 11.8 ft• lbMin Yield Torque
NON-FLANGED CD STUDS ADD 'NF' TO THE END OF ABOVE PART NUMBERSNon-Flange Base Dia.
(see appendix tables for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
Min Working TensileMin Yield ShearMin Working Torque
Up to 2" is considered a stocking size. Beyond 3" is a custom order.
Length
BODY DIAMETER & THREAD PITCH
BANTAM C2 ACCESSORIESChuckFoot
Std Spark Shield
Flange Diameter
Semi-Permanent Shield
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
CD
W
EL
D
ST
UD
40
CD WELD Studs
Aluminum
FlangeDiameter
OverallLength
ThreadDiameter
NonFlanged,Flange
Diameter
4-40 6-32 8-32 10-24 10-32 1/4-20 5/16-181/4 CDA11-25 CDA13-25 CDA16-25 CDA19-25 CDA19F-25 CDA25-25
5/16 CDA11-31 CDA13-31 CDA16-31 CDA19-31 CDA19F-31 CDA25-31
3/8 CDA11-37 CDA13-37 CDA16-37 CDA19-37 CDA19F-37 CDA25-37
1/2 CDA11-50 CDA13-50 CDA16-50 CDA19-50 CDA19F-50 CDA25-50 CDA31-50
5/8 CDA11-62 CDA13-62 CDA16-62 CDA19-62 CDA19F-62 CDA25-62 CDA31-62
3/4 CDA11-75 CDA13-75 CDA16-75 CDA19-75 CDA19F-75 CDA25-75 CDA31-75
7/8 CDA11-87 CDA13-87 CDA16-87 CDA19-87 CDA19F-87 CDA25-87 CDA31-87
1 CDA11-1 CDA13-1 CDA16-1 CDA19-1 CDA19F-1 CDA25-1 CDA31-1
1 1/4 CDA11-125 CD13-125 CDA16-125 CDA19-125 CDA19F-125 CDA25-125 CDA31-125
1 1/2 CDA11-150 CDA13-150 CDA16-150 CDA19-150 CDA19F-150 CDA25-150 CDA31-150
1 3/4 CDA11-175 CDA13-175 CDA16-175 CDA19-175 CDA19F-175 CDA25-175 CDA31-175
2 CDA11-2 CDA13-2 CDA16-2 CDA19-2 CDA19F-2 CDA25-2 CDA31-2
Max L.187 ± .010" .218 ± .010" .250 ± .010" .250 ± .010" .250 ± .010" .312 ± .010" .375 ± .010"
C11 C13 C16 C19 C19 C25 C31
FTMB FTMB FTMB FTMB FTMB FTMB FTMB
SS SS SS SS SS SS SS
BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS
97 lb 153 lb 236 lb 296 lb 337 lb 537 lb 885 lb
83 lb 131 lb 202 lb 253 lb 288 lb 459 lb 756 lb
2 in•lb 4 in•lb 8 in•lb 11 in•lb 13 in•lb 27 in•lb 55 in•lb
3 in•lb 5 in•lb 9 in•lb 13 in•lb 15 in•lb 32 in•lb 66 in•lb
Min Yield ShearMin Working TorqueMin Yield Torque
Semi-Permanent Shield
Min Working Tensile
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (see appendix tables for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
Up to 2" is considered a stocking size. Beyond 2" is a special order.
Length
ChuckFoot
Std Spark Shield
BANTAM C2 ACCESSORIES
BODY DIAMETER & THREAD PITCH
Flange Diameter
CD
W
EL
D
ST
UD
41
MCD WELD Studs METRIC
Mild & Stainless Steels
4mm - 0.7 5mm - 0.8 6mm - 1.0 8mm - 1.25 4mm - 0.7 5mm - 0.8 6mm - 1.0 8mm - 1.256mm CDC4-6 CDS4-6
10mm CDC4-10 CDC5-10 CDC6-10 CDC8-10 CDS4-10 CDS5-10 CDS6-10 CDS8-10
15mm CDC4-15 CDC5-15 CDC6-15 CDC8-15 CDS4-15 CDS5-15 CDS6-15 CDS8-15
20mm CDC4-20 CDC5-20 CDC6-20 CDC8-20 CDS4-20 CDS5-20 CDS6-20 CDS8-20
25mm CDC4-25 CDC5-25 CDC6-25 CDC8-25 CDS4-25 CDS5-25 CDS6-25 CDS8-25
30mm CDC4-30 CDC5-30 CDC6-30 CDC8-30 CDS4-30 CDS5-30 CDS6-30 CDS8-30
35mm CDC4-35 CDC5-35 CDC6-35 CDC8-35 CDS4-35 CDS5-35 CDS6-35 CDS8-35
40mm CDC4-40 CDC5-40 CDC6-40 CDC8-40 CDS4-40 CDS5-40 CDS6-40 CDS8-40
45mm CDC4-45 CDC5-45 CDC6-45 CDC8-45 CDS4-45 CDS5-45 CDS6-45 CDS8-45
50mm CDC4-50 CDC5-50 CDC6-50 CDC8-50 CDS4-50 CDS5-50 CDS6-50 CDS8-50
Min Length 6MM 10MM 10MM 10MM 6MM 10MM 10MM 10MMMax Length
6.35 ± .025mm
6.35 ± .025mm
7.93 ± .025mm
9.53 ± .025mm
6.35 ± .025mm
6.35 ± .025mm
7.93 ± .025mm
9.53 ± .025mm
4.00 ± .025mm
5.00 ± .025mm
6.00 ± .025mm
8.00 ± .025mm
4.00 ± .025mm
5.00 ± .025mm
6.00 ± .025mm
8.00 ± .025mm
CM4 CM5 CM6 CM8 CM4 CM5 CM6 CM8
FTMB FTMB FTMB FTMB FTMB FTMB FTMB FTMB
SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS
BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS
204 N 329 N 467 N 849 N 122 N 197 N 280 N 509 N
174 N 281 N 399 N 726 N 104 N 169 N 239 N 435 N
1.6 N•M 3.3 N•M 5.6 N•M 13.6 N•M 1.0 N•M 2.0 N•M 3.4 N•M 8.1 N•M
2.0 N•M 3.9 N•M 6.7 N•M 16.3 N•M 1.2 N•M 2.4 N•M 4.0 N•M 9.8 N•M
Min Working TensileMin Yield ShearMin Working TorqueMin Yield Torque
Flange Diameter
BANTAM C2 ACCESSORIES
FootChuck
Up to 50mm is considered stock, beyond is a special order
Length
NON-FLANGED CD STUDS ADD 'NF' TO THE END OF ABOVE PART NUMBERS
Non-Flange Base Dia.
Std Spark ShieldSemi-Permanent Shield
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (see appendix tables for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
BODY DIAMETER & THREAD PITCHLow Carbon Steel Stainless Steel
FlangeDiameter
OverallLength
ThreadDiameter
NonFlanged,Flange
Diameter
A
P
WE
LD
S
TU
D
42
Advanced Process or AP Weld Studsare so named because they can beused with a variety of stud weldingprocesses.
These processes include; Drawn Arc, Capacitor Discharge, Short Cycle Drawn Arc, Gas Metal Arcand Short Cycle Gas Metal Arc. Because none of these processes use a flux load like standard DrawnArc they do not achieve as deep a weld penetration. Also, the weld penetration of these studs variesgreatly from one process to another. For instance, using an AP Stud with a Capacitive DischargeProcess will only achieve a few thousands penetration; while the same AP Stud using the Gas MetalArc Process will achieve penetrations approaching that of flux loaded studs. Additionally, various gasmixes will impact spatter and penetration.
Length reductions after welding vary with process selection. Capacitor Discharge length reduction isnegligible. Short Cycle & Short Cycle Gas Metal Arc length reduction is approximately 0.04 inches(1mm). Gas Metal Arc is approximately 0.120 inches (3mm) depending on the shielding gas selected.
None of the AP Processes utilize a ceramic shielding ferrule. This is an advantage from a materialhandling perspective. However, since the weld fillet is not contained, fillet formation is somewhatrandom and unpredictable. Flange concentricity, controlled in the stud manufacturing process, is onefactor which can aid in uniform fillets. Also, these processes are susceptible to a phenomenon knownas arc blow. This is a phenomena where the molten pool of metal flows away from the strongestground location. This can be compensated for with multiple ground points.
Overall this style stud is economical and flexible on process selection. With a few caveats it can fullfilthe requirements of many applications.
Standard Advanced Process Stud
AP WELD Studs
A P
WE
LD
S
TU
D
43
Completed Short Cycle WeldCross Sectional View
Showing Weld Penetration
NOTE: Visible porosity
AP WELD Studs
Process Photos
Cross Sectional ViewShowing Weld PenetrationCompleted Gas
Short Cycle Weld
Cross Sectional ViewShowing Weld PenetrationCompleted Gas Weld
A
P
WE
LD
S
TU
D
44
AP WELD Studs
Gas, Gas Short Cycle & Short Cycle Process Description
Chuck
Stud
SparkShield
The gun is properly positioned and the gun lift mechanism is partially compressed.
The trigger is pressed and shielding gas floods the weld zone. The gun then lifts the stud off the work. An arc is created and melts the stud and parent material.
After the arc time is complete the gun lift mechanism plunges the stud into the molten pool of metal. Gas continues to flow until the molten metal is cool.
The gun is withdrawn from the welded stud and the operation is complete.
A P
WE
LD
S
TU
D
45
AP WELD Studs
Weld Stud SpecificationsMATERIAL: Standard Mild Steel Studs (low carbon 1008-1018) conform to ASTM A307 & ASTM F568.Stainless Steel Studs (302/302 HQ/304) conform to ASTM F593 & F738.
THREAD: Standard thread is UNC-2A for U.S. threads and 6g for metric threads. This is important when gagingthreads during inspection. Different thread specifications can be manufactured on a custom basis.
PLATING/COATING: Carbon Steel AP Studs are typically furnished with a copper flash plating for betterconductivity and some corrosion resistance; however, they can be furnished with a plain finish for a cost savings.
ANNEALING: Upon request, stud ductility can be increased by annealing to 75 Rockwell B for low carbon steeland 90 Rockwell B for stainless steel.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES: All torque, tensile and shear values are calculated values based on a minimummaterial tensile specification. Typically, the material used exceeds these specifications. The calculated minimumsare provided as a reference. All torque and tensile values are calculated based on “working” limits. These workinglimits are designed for bolts which are to be reused instead of bolts which are for permanent installation. Anadditional 25% safety factor has been added to achieve the “working” level. The tensile and torque values are fortensile loading only. The shear values are for shear loading only. These values will be different for combinedtensile and shear stresses.
To discuss your needs and match a process to those needs, or for additional information, consult your Image SalesRepresentative or the Factory directly.
A P
WE
LD
S
TU
D
46
AP WELD Studs
Mild Steel
4-40 6-32 8-32 10-24 10-32 1/4-20 5/16-18 3/8-161/4 APC11-25 APC13-25 APC16-25 APC19-25 APC19F-25 APC25-25
5/16 APC11-31 APC13-31 APC16-31 APC19-31 APC19F-31 APC25-31
3/8 APC11-37 APC13-37 APC16-37 APC19-37 APC19F-37 APC25-37
1/2 APC11-50 APC13-50 APC16-50 APC19-50 APC19F-50 APC25-50 APC31-50
5/8 APC11-62 APC13-62 APC16-62 APC19-62 APC19F-62 APC25-62 APC31-62 APC37-62
3/4 APC11-75 APC13-75 APC16-75 APC19-75 APC19F-75 APC25-75 APC31-75 APC37-75
7/8 APC11-87 APC13-87 APC16-87 APC19-87 APC19F-87 APC25-87 APC31-87 APC37-87
1 APC11-1 APC13-1 APC16-1 APC19-1 APC19F-1 APC25-1 APC31-1 APC37-1
1 1/4 APC11-125 APC13-125 APC16-125 APC19-125 APC19F-125 APC25-125 APC31-125 APC37-125
1 1/2 APC11-150 APC13-150 APC16-150 APC19-150 APC19F-150 APC25-150 APC31-150 APC37-150
1 3/4 APC11-175 APC13-175 APC16-175 APC19-175 APC19F-175 APC25-175 APC31-175 APC37-175
2 APC11-2 APC13-2 APC16-2 APC19-2 APC19F-2 APC25-2 APC31-2 APC37-2
Max L Up to 3" is considered a stocking size. Beyond 3" is a custom order.
.144 ± .010" .168 ± .010" .194 ± .010" .220 ± .010" .220 ± .010" .280 ± .010" .340 ± .010" .405 ± .010"
C11 C13 C16 C19 C19 C25 C31 C37
FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20
SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS
BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS
C11 C13 C16 C19 C19 C25 C31 C37
FTMA20 FTMA20 FTMA20 FTMA20 FTMA20 FTMA20 FTMA20 FTMA20
SSBG SSBG SSBG SSBG SSBG SSBG SSBG SSBG
194 lb 307 lb 473 lb 592 lb 675 lb 1,074 lb 1,770 lb 2,615 lb
166 lb 262 lb 404 lb 506 lb 577 lb 918 lb 1,513 lb 2,236 lb
4 in•lb 8 in•lb 16 in•lb 22 in•lb 26 in•lb 4.5 ft•lb 9.3 ft•lb 16.3 ft•lb
5.1 in•lb 10.2 in•lb 18.6 in•lb 27 in•lb 30.8 in•lb 5.4 ft•lb 11.1 ft•lb 19.6 ft•lb
Min Yield ShearMin Working TorqueMin Yield Torque
STANDARD ACCESSORIES GAS ARC OR SHORT CYCLE GAS ARCChuck
Gas Arc FootGas Arc Spark Shield
Min Working Tensile
FootStd Spark Shield
Long-Life Spark Shield
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (see appendix tables for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
BODY DIAMETER & THREAD PITCH
STANDARD ACCESSORIES DRAWN ARC CD OR SHORT CYCLE (use long-life spark shield)
Length
Flange Diameter
Chuck
FlangeDiameter
OverallLength
ThreadDiameter
A P
WE
LD
S
TU
D
47
AP WELD Studs
Stainless Steel
FlangeDiameter
OverallLength
ThreadDiameter
4-40 6-32 8-32 10-24 10-32 1/4-20 5/16-18 3/8-161/4 APS11-25 APS13-25 APS16-25 APS19-25 APC19F-25 APC25-25
5/16 APS11-31 APS13-31 APS16-31 APS19-31 APC19F-31 APC25-31
3/8 APS11-37 APS13-37 APS16-37 APS19-37 APC19F-37 APC25-37
1/2 APS11-50 APS13-50 APS16-50 APS19-50 APC19F-50 APC25-50 APS31-50
5/8 APS11-62 APS13-62 APS16-62 APS19-62 APC19F-62 APC25-62 APS31-62 APS37-62
3/4 APS11-75 APS13-75 APS16-75 APS19-75 APC19F-75 APC25-75 APS31-75 APS37-75
7/8 APS11-87 APS13-87 APS16-87 APS19-87 APC19F-87 APC25-87 APS31-87 APS37-87
1 APS11-1 APS13-1 APS16-1 APS19-1 APC19F-1 APC25-1 APS31-1 APS37-1
1 1/4 APS11-125 APS13-125 APS16-125 APS19-125 APC19F-125 APC25-125 APS31-125 APS37-125
1 1/2 APS11-150 APS13-150 APS16-150 APS19-150 APC19F-150 APC25-150 APS31-150 APS37-150
1 3/4 APS11-175 APS13-175 APS16-175 APS19-175 APC19F-175 APC25-175 APS31-175 APS37-175
2 APS11-2 APS13-2 APS16-2 APS19-2 APC19F-2 APC25-2 APS31-2 APS37-2
Max L.144 ± .010" .168 ± .010" .194 ± .010" .220 ± .010" .220 ± .010" .280 ± .010" .340 ± .010" .405 ± .010"
C11 C13 C16 C19 C19 C25 C31 C37
FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20
SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS
BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS
C11 C13 C16 C19 C19 C25 C31 C37
FTMA20 FTMA20 FTMA20 FTMA20 FTMA20 FTMA20 FTMA20 FTMA20
SSBG SSBG SSBG SSBG SSBG SSBG SSBG SSBG
117 lb 184 lb 284 lb 355 lb 405 lb 644 lb 1,062 lb 1,569 lb
100 lb 157 lb 242 lb 303 lb 346 lb 551 lb 908 lb 1,341 lb
3.0 in•lb 5.0 in•lb 9.0 in•lb 13.0 in•lb 15.0 in•lb 2.7 ft•lb 5.5 ft•lb 9.8 ft•lb
3.0 in•lb 6.0 in•lb 11.0 in•lb 16.0 in•lb 18.0 in•lb 3.3 ft•lb 6.7 ft•lb 11.8 ft•lb
Min Working TorqueMin Yield Torque
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (see appendix tables for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
Min Working TensileMin Yield Shear
STANDARD ACCESSORIES DRAWN ARC CD OR SHORT CYCLE (use long-life spark shield)ChuckFoot
Std Spark Shield
BODY DIAMETER & THREAD PITCH
Up to 3" is considered a stocking size. Beyond 3" is a custom order.
LENGTH
Flange Diameter
Long-Life Spark Shield
STANDARD ACCESSORIES GAS ARC OR SHORT CYCLE GAS ARCChuck
Gas Arc FootGas Arc Spark Shield
A P
WE
LD
S
TU
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48
M AP WELD Studs METRIC
Mild Steel
4mm - 0.7 5mm - 0.8 6mm - 1.0 8mm - 1.25 10mm - 1.510mm APC4-10 APC5-10 APC6-10 APC8-10 APC10-10
15mm APC4-15 APC5-15 APC6-15 APC8-15 APC10-15
20mm APC4-20 APC5-20 APC6-20 APC8-20 APC10-20
25mm APC4-25 APC5-25 APC6-25 APC8-25 APC10-25
30mm APC4-30 APC5-30 APC6-30 APC8-30 APC10-30
35mm APC4-35 APC5-35 APC6-35 APC8-35 APC10-35
40mm APC4-40 APC5-40 APC6-40 APC8-40 APC10-40
45mm APC4-45 APC5-45 APC6-45 APC8-45 APC10-45
50mm APC4-50 APC5-50 APC6-50 APC8-50 APC10-50
Min Length 6MM 10MM 10MM 10MM 10MM
Max Length5.00 ± .25mm 6.00 ± .25mm 7.00 ± .25mm 9.00 ± .25mm 11.00 ± .25mm
CM4 CM5 CM6 CM8 CM10
FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20
SS SS SS SS SS
BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS
C11 C13 C16 C19 C19
FTMA20 FTMA20 FTMA20 FTMA20 FTMA20
SSBG SSBG SSBG SSBG SSBG
204 N 329 N 467 N 849 N 1,345 N
174 N 281 N 399 N 726 N 1,149 N
1.6 N•M 3.3 N•M 5.6 N•M 13.6 N•M 26.9 N•M
2.0 N•M 3.9 N•M 6.7 N•M 16.3 N•M 32.3 N•M
Gas Arc Spark Shield
STD ACCESSORIES DRAWN ARC CD OR SHORT CYCLE (use long-life shield)
STANDARD ACCESSORIES GAS ARC OR SHORT CYCLE GAS ARCLong-Life Spark Shield
ChuckGas Arc Foot
Min Working TorqueMin Yield Torque
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (see appendix tables for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
Min Working TensileMin Yield Shear
Chuck
BODY DIAMETER & THREAD PITCH
Length
Up to 50mm is considered stock, beyond this is special order
Foot
Flange Diameter
Std Spark Shield
FlangeDiameter
OverallLength
ThreadDiameter
A P
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MAP WELD Studs METRIC
Stainless Steel
FlangeDiameter
OverallLength
ThreadDiameter
4mm - 0.7 5mm - 0.8 6mm - 1.0 8mm - 1.25 10mm - 1.510mm APS4-10 APS5-10 APS6-10 APS8-10 APS10-10
15mm APS4-15 APS5-15 APS6-15 APS8-15 APS10-15
20mm APS4-20 APS5-20 APS6-20 APS8-20 APS10-20
25mm APS4-25 APS5-25 APS6-25 APS8-25 APS10-25
30mm APS4-30 APS5-30 APS6-30 APS8-30 APS10-30
35mm APS4-35 APS5-35 APS6-35 APS8-35 APS10-35
40mm APS4-40 APS5-40 APS6-40 APS8-40 APS10-40
45mm APS4-45 APS5-45 APS6-45 APS8-45 APS10-45
50mm APS4-50 APS5-50 APS6-50 APS8-50 APS10-50
Min Length 6MM 10MM 10MM 10MM 10MM
Max Length5.00 ± .25mm 6.00 ± .25mm 7.00 ± .25mm 9.00 ± .25mm 11.00 ± .25mm
CM4 CM5 CM6 CM8 CM10
FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20
SS SS SS SS SS
BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS
C11 C13 C16 C19 C19
FTMA20 FTMA20 FTMA20 FTMA20 FTMA20
SSBG SSBG SSBG SSBG SSBG
122 N 197 N 280 N 509 N 806 N
104 N 169 N 239 N 435 N 689 N
1.0 N•M 2.0 N•M 3.4 N•M 8.1 N•M 16.1 N•M
1.2 N•M 2.4 N•M 4.0 N•M 9.8 N•M 19.4 N•M
Min Yield ShearMin Working TorqueMin Yield Torque
STD ACCESSORIES DRAWN ARC CD OR SHORT CYCLE (use long-life shield)ChuckFoot
Std Spark ShieldLong-Life Spark Shield
STANDARD ACCESSORIES GAS ARC OR SHORT CYCLE GAS ARCChuck
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (see appendix tables for calculation details particularly when comparing different manufacturers)
Min Working Tensile
Flange Diameter
Gas Arc FootGas Arc Spark Shield
Up to 50mm is considered stock, beyond this is special order
BODY DIAMETER & THREAD PITCH
Length
HA
MM
ER
WE
LD
S
TU
D
50
ThreadDiameter
OverallLength
FilletDiameter
After WeldLength Reduction
FilletHeight
HAMMER WELD StudsMild & Stainless Steels
10-24 10-32 1/4-20 3/8-16 10-24 10-32 1/4-20 3/8-16HWC19-62 HWC19F-62 HWC25-62 HWC37-62 HWS19-62 HWS19F-62 HWS25-62 HWS37-62
Min Length .625" .625" .625" .625" .625" .625" .625" .625"
Max LengthHeight .09 ± .02" .09 ± .02" .12 ± .02" .14 ± .02" .09 ± .02" .09 ± .02" .12 ± .02" .14 ± .02"
Diameter .28 ± .02" .28 ± .02" .36 ± .02" .49 ± .02" .28 ± .02" .28 ± .02" .36 ± .02" .49 ± .02"
.12" .12" .12" .12" .12" .12" .12" .12"
C19 C19 C25 C31 C19 C19 C25 C31
G19 G25 G31 G37 G19 G25 G31 G37
FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20
19F 25F 31F 37F 19F 25F 31F 37F
C19 C19 C25 C31 C19 C19 C25 C31
FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20 FTS20
BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS
C19 C19 C25 C31 C19 C19 C25 C31
FTMA20 FTMA20 FTMA20 FTMA20 FTMA20 FTMA20 FTMA20 FTMA20
SSBG SSBG SSBG SSBG SSBG SSBG SSBG SSBG
592 lb 675 lb 1,074 lb 2,615 lb 355 lb 405 lb 644 lb 1,569 lb
506 lb 577 lb 918 lb 2,236 lb 303 lb 346 lb 551 lb 1,341 lb
22 in•lb 26 in•lb 4.5 ft•lb 16.3 ft•lb 13.0 in•lb 15.0 in•lb 2.7 ft•lb 9.8 ft•lb
27 in•lb 30.8 in•lb 5.4 ft•lb 19.6 ft•lb 16.0 in•lb 18.0 in•lb 3.3 ft•lb 11.8 ft•lb
ChuckFoot
Semi-Permanent Shield
Min Yield ShearMin Working TorqueMin Yield Torque
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Low Carbon Steel Stainless Steel
Min Working Tensile
STANDARD ACCESSORIES FERRULE
STANDARD ACCESSORIES GAS ARC OR SHORT CYCLE GAS ARC
Example Part No.
Most sizes are made to order.
STANDARD ACCESSORIES SHORT CYCLE
Fillet
After Weld Length Reduction (approx)
BODY DIAMETER & THREAD PITCH
Chuck
Grip
Foot
Ferrule
Spark Shield
Chuck
Foot
HA
MM
ER
W
EL
D
ST
UD
51
NOTES
SP
EC
IA
LT
Y
WE
LD
S
TU
D
52
Eye StudBent Stud
Specialty Studs are studs which have been manufactured but aren’t stock items. Mechanical dimensiondata is not given because each stud would be manufactured to customer specification.
These drawings are intended to give designers and manufacturers ideas that may generate costreductions or improvements in their own product designs.
If you see something that spurs an idea, contact your Image Sales Representative or the Factorydirectly. If you have an idea for your own style weld stud, give us a call.
Bent Collar Stud
WELD STUDS Specialty
CD Keyhole Stud
This style stud can weld to thin gage sheetmetal to provide a hanging mechanism forcomponents with traditional key style cut out.
J Stud
SP
EC
IA
LT
Y
WE
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Square Stud
WELD STUDS Specialty
Knock Off Stud
Insulation Pins
DP Style CP StyleMin Max
DP 10 1 4 1/2
10 3/4 1012 3/4 10
Style GuageLength (inches)
CP
SP
EC
IA
LT
Y
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The Center Punch Stud has a small bump on theend to assist operators in finding center punch orwitness marks. This style stud is a derivative of theAdvanced Process (AP) style weld stud.
Grooved Stud
This stud can be used with a snap-on or push-onretaining ring. This style stud is more economicalto use than one with a cross drilled hole.
Center Punch Stud
WELD STUDS Specialty
Cross Drilled Stud
Low Profile Collar Stud
This stud provides a more substantial weld base tobetter spread the load when welded to thinner gagemetals. It also provides a smooth uniform surfaceat the base for bearing or thrust type applications.
SP
EC
IA
LT
Y
WE
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C Cutout Hole Cutout Split Tine
Rectangular Studs are frequently used ashangers. Most Rectangular Studs are 1/8" thickand have no flux. The studs are welded usingthe short cycle process. Some of the largerRectangular Studs are 1/4" thick and fluxed.
WELD STUDS Specialty
Rectangular Stud
Image manufactures military style studs whichincludes, but is not limited to, Annular Ringand Notched End CD Studs.
Annular Ring CD Studs
CD Collar Stud
SP
EC
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Y
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WELD STUDS Specialty
Wire Tie Down Stud
As shipped beforewelding
Nylon 6/6 NBS Smoke Generation
Nylon 6/6 Temperature Index
Nylon Wire Tie Mechanical Dimensions
Nylon 6/6 Properties
As installed afterextension is broken off
Inch mmHeight 0.390 9.90Length 0.875 22.22Width 0.625 15.87Slot Height 0.090 2.29Slot Width 0.325 8.26
Temperature IndexMinimum Thickness
Electrical (°C)Mechanical w/o
Impact (°C)Hot Wire Ignition
(sec)0.028 125 65 11.80.058 125 85 15.0
Specific Optical DensitySample
ThicknessUL
FlammabilityEnergy Source
at Maximum Smoke Accumulation
at 2 Minutes
1/16" 94 V-2Radiant
(2.5 watts/sq cm)13 0
1/8" 94 V-2Radiant Plus
Flaming Gas Jets26 1
PropertyASTM
MethodTest Condition Units Nylon 6/6
Tensile Strength D638 +73°F; 50% RH kpsi 11.2Elongation at Break D638 +73°F; 50% RH % >= 300Yield Strength D639 +73°F; 50% RH kpsi 8.5Shear Strength D732 Dry as Molded (DAM) kpsi 9.6Deformation under load D621 2,000 psi; +122°F; DAM % 1.4IZOD Impact D256 +73°F; 50% RH ft lb/in 2.1Tensile Impact Strength D1822 +73°F; Long Specimen;DAM ft lb/in 240Melting Point D789 Fisher-Johns °F 491Thermal Linear Expansion D696 DAM in/in/°F TBDThermal Conductivity -- DAM Conche-Fitch BTU-in/h•ft•° F 1.7Brittleness Temperature D746 50% RH °F -85Oxygen Index D2863 DAM %O 28Oxygen Index D2864 50% RH %O 31UL Flammability UL 94 DAM -- V-2UL Flammability UL 95 50% RH -- V-2
Part Number: ASSY-WIRETYE
SP
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Retaining Stud
Material: 302 HQ Stainless SteelUltimate Tensile 85 KPSI
Chemistry (%)
The Wire Tie Down Stud was designed specifically forquick and rugged wire management. Because this studis welded in place, there are no holes to drill and noscrews to loosen. With weld times in the millisecondrange, these wire ties install in a snap. Pull off exceedsthe capability of a typical 3/16” nylon tie strap.
INSTALLATION PROCEDURE:A) Insert the stud extension into the stud chuck.B) Position tie down against the work and pull the
trigger.C) Remove the gun from the stud.D) Break off the extension with a pair of pliers.
NOTE: The retainer stud finishes below the surfaceof the nylon for a smooth, non abrasivesurface.
Material data as provided by our suppliers
WELD STUDS Specialty
Wire Tie Down Stud
As shipped beforewelding
As installed afterextension is broken off
C 0.017 Mn 0.83 P 0.024S 0.001 Si 0.32 Co TraceCr 17.5 Ni 9.54 N PPM 155Mo 0.05 Cu 3.07 Fe Remainder
CO
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This pin is welded onto an enclosure and acts asthe pivot pin in a hinge assembly. This part hasreplaced a screw machined item which is providingour customer with a substantial savings.
Insulation Cap
This is a cold formed, one piece cap which meetsmilitary specification. This cap then snaps ontoannular ring studs shown in specialty studs.
Double Ended Stud
This section covers other products that Image Industries has manufactured. None of these productsuse the stud welding process, but many are welded in place.
Cold Forming has advantages over the Screw Machining Process. First, screw machining is a cuttingprocess which removes material, cold forming forms the part to shape so no material is wasted. Thiscan result in tremendous cost savings. Second, screw machine is a slower process than forming.Forming produces more parts per hour which also leads to lower costs. Finally, cutting interrupts thematerial grain flow which can lead to a weaker component. Forming causes the grains to flow with thecontour of the part for superior performance.
Limitless number of shapes can be produced via cold forming. The possibilities are only limited by ourimaginations. The following drawings are small number of samples to show the range of possibilities.
Image Industries can manufacture double endedstuds to customer specification. Image does notscrew machine double ended studs. Rather, we formthe mid section and roll the threads. This is a fasterproduction method and since there is no cutting,there is no scrap. This manufacturing method canoften prove to be more economical and produceshigher quality threads.
COLD FORMED Products
Hinge Pin
CO
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OR
ME
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OD
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59
Axle Pulley Pin
This example shows how one “blank” can produceseveral parts. One customer was machiningspecialty 1/2-13 bolts out of 1" diameter stainlesssteel stock. By using a common blank they wereable to produce eleven different specialty bolts withless scrap and less machining. Plus the customerpicked up the added benefit of rolled threads.
Universal Blank
Short PentaHead with Cross
Drilled HoleMedium Hex
Head with Washer
Long Penta Headwith Cross DrilledHole and Washer
COLD FORMED Products
Specialty Bolts
Custom Pin
CO
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F
OR
ME
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PR
OD
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COLD FORMED Products
Resistance Weld Stud T3
Custom Resistance Stud Weld
ProjectionHeight
HeadHeight
HeadRadius
FilletRadius
LengthLocatingCircle
HeadDiameter
ProjectionDiameter
120˚ REF
CO
LD
F
OR
ME
D
PR
OD
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COLD FORMED Products
Resistance Weld Stud U3
ProjectionHeight
FilletRadius
LengthHeadHeight Locating
Circle
HeadDiameter
ProjectionDiameter
120˚ REF
Head Radius
Custom Resistance Weld Stud
Image produces resistance weld studs to IndustrialFastener Institute (IFI) standards or we can docustom resistance weld products to your ownspecifications.
CO
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Pinion Shaft
Resistance Weld
Upset Weld
Blade Rivet
Blade
This is a one piece component with three differentdiameters and a complex gear.
This component uses cold forming but is of interestdue to it’s small size (approximately .170” diameterby .200” long).
Though Image doesn’t ordinarily perform stampingoperations, we did this piece in-house in multiplelengths in order to meet our customer’s stringentrequirements.
Image can also perform assembly operations tomeet the needs your product needs. In this example,three different pieces (all manufactured by Image)are assembled using two different weldingprocesses.
COLD FORMED Products
Multiple Component Assembly
Final Assembly
Assembly Designed and Manufactured to meet NSF Standards
CO
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COLD FORMED Products
Multiple Component Forming
In this example, one customer was taking threadedrod and welding a nut and a washer with thenecessary spacing. Image proposed to form thisas one complete part. The result was a better lookingpart that is stronger and offers better quality. As abonus, because the welding operation was deleted,the part also cost less.
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P Ferrules are used when the weld base is equal to the pitch diameter of the fastener.Typically only used on PD Style studs.
FERRULE Specifications
Full Diameter Ferrules
BaseDiameter
Over AllHeight
FilletHeight
GripDiameter
GripHeight
Through HoleDiameter
FilletDiameter
BaseDiameter
Over AllHeight
FilletHeight
GripDiameter
GripHeight
Through HoleDiameter
FilletDiameter
F Ferrules, sometimes referred to as flat ferrules are used any time the weld base is anominal diameter. Used on FT, NT, FB, SB, TP, HA, SC Style studs
Pitch Diameter Ferrules
Through Hole
Diameter
Grip Diameter
Base Diameter
Over All Height
Grip Height
Fillet Diameter
Fillet Height
+.015/-.000 ±.010 ±.015 ±.015 ±.015 +.015/-.000 +.015/-.000
25F .255 .380 .455 .390 .125 .330 .12531F .317 .445 .578 .390 .156 .406 .12537F .385 .505 .640 .390 .156 .468 .14143F .442 .585 .703 .422 .188 .546 .15650F .505 .650 .795 .438 .188 .603 .17262F .635 .785 1.040 .516 .188 .745 .250
75F .800 1.030 1.232 .656 .188 .937+.020/-.000
.315
87F .906 1.210 1.430 .732 .188 1.052 .3901F 1.030 1.406 1.620 .770 .188 1.220 .390
M10F .410 .495 .650 .395 .150 .455 .135
Ferrule Part
Number
Through Hole
Diameter
Grip Diameter
Base Diameter
Over All Height
Grip Height
Fillet Diameter
Fillet Height
+.015/-.000 ±.010 ±.015 ±.015 ±.015 +.015/-.000 +.015/-.000
25P .222 .380 .455 .250 .125 .290 .11031P .280 .445 .535 .250 .125 .360 .12537P .340 .505 .595 .264 .125 .406 .12543P .395 .585 .675 .329 .156 .468 .14250P .462 .650 .740 .362 .156 .550 .17262P .580 .785 .905 .433 .156 .685 .17275P .695 1.030 1.150 .526 .187 .813 .25087P .815 1.210 1.330 .593 .187 .960 .2501P .955 .1410 1.525 .660 .190 1.105 .355
Ferrule Part
Number
Ferrules serve multiple purposes in stud welding. First, the ferrule helps to shield the arc from theoperator. Second, it minimizes the atmosphere that the flux must purge. Third, the ferrule formsthe molten metal into the fillet. Finally, the fillet vents allow weld gases to escape.
Ferrules are disposable items. As disposable items they are mass manufactured quickly andinexpensively. Ferrules are cast in a mold out of a low grade moldable ceramic. They are taken outof the mold and are dried. Because of this manufacturing method, ferrule tolerances can be greaterthan machining or other manufacturing processes. Therefore, it is not recommended to fixture offof a ferrule when exact location is required.
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C Ferrules are typically used when welding CL (Collar) Style Studs. The large diameterof the ferrule allows the collar of the stud to clear the ferrule grip and foot.
BaseDiameter
Over AllHeight
FilletHeight
GripDiameter
GripHeight
Through HoleDiameterFillet
Diameter
BaseDiameter
Over AllHeight
FilletHeight
GripDiameter
GripHeight
Through HoleDiameter
FilletDiameter
Reduced Fillet Ferrules
Collar Ferrules
Reduced fillet ferrules are used when the fillet needs to be smaller than a standard Fferrule can provide. Note: This style ferrule is generally not recommended because thewelding parameters have a narrower range to achieve acceptable results. This type offerrule makes welding more difficult.
FERRULE Specifications
Low Profile Ferrules
BaseDiameter
Over AllHeight
FilletHeight
GripDiameter
GripHeight
Through HoleDiameter
FilletDiameter
L Ferrules are used when the stud length is too short for a standard F type ferrule.
Through Hole
Diameter
Grip Diameter
Base Diameter
Over All Height
Grip Height
Fillet Diameter
Fillet Height
+.015/-.000 ±.010 ±.015 ±.015 ±.015 +.015/-.000 +.015/-.000
25L .255 .380 .455 .250 .125 .330 .12531L .317 .445 .595 .250 .125 .406 .12537L .395 .505 .640 .273 .120 .468 .115
Ferrule Part
Number
Through Hole
Diameter
Grip Diameter
Base Diameter
Over All Height
Grip Height
Fillet Diameter
Fillet Height
+.015/-.000 ±.010 ±.015 ±.015 ±.015 +.015/-.000 +.015/-.000
25C .240 .780 .860 .250 .125 .300 .11831C .290 .785 .875 .250 .125 .360 .12537C .340 .785 .875 .250 .125 .437 .12550C .462 1.030 1.203 .281 .156 .593 .15062C .568 1.190 1.312 .375 .156 .689 .156
M10C .375 1.030 1.203 .281 .156 .420 .150
Ferrule Part
Number
Through Hole
Diameter
Grip Diameter
Base Diameter
Over All Height
Grip Height
Fillet Diameter
Fillet Height
+.015/-.000 ±.010 ±.015 ±.015 ±.015 +.015/-.000 +.015/-.000
31RF .325 .444 .576 .389 .156 .379 .13037RF .385 .505 .644 .440 .156 .420 .15650RF .515 .650 .795 .470 .188 .570 .175
Ferrule Part
Number
FE
RR
UL
ES
66
BaseDiameter
Over AllHeight
FilletHeight
GripDiameter
GripHeight
Through HoleDiameter
FilletDiameter
Through Hole
Diameter
Grip Diameter
Base Diameter
Over All Height
Grip Height
Fillet Diameter
Fillet Height
+.015/-.000 ±.010 ±.015 ±.015 ±.015 +.015/-.000 +.015/-.000
25T .255 .380 .455 .390 .125 .255 N/A31T .317 .445 .578 .390 .156 .317 N/A37T .385 .505 .640 .390 .156 .385 N/A43T .442 .585 .703 .422 .188 .442 N/A50T .505 .650 .795 .438 .188 .505 N/A62T .635 .785 1.040 .516 .188 .635 N/A75T .800 1.030 1.232 .656 .188 .800 N/A87T .906 1.210 1.430 .732 .188 .906 N/A1T 1.030 1.406 1.620 .770 .188 1.030 N/A
Ferrule Part
Number
FERRULE Specifications
Thru Bore Ferrules
T Ferrules are generally only used on RB (reduced base) style studs.
Reduced Base Ferrule
BaseDiameter
Over AllHeight
FilletHeight
GripDiameter
GripHeight
Through HoleDiameter
FilletDiameter
Ferrule Part
Number
Through Hole
Diameter
Grip Diameter
Base Diameter
Over All Height
Grip Height
Fillet Diameter
Fillet Height
37 RB .317 .505 .595 .250 .125 .406 .12543 RB .380 .585 .675 .250 .125 .468 .14150 RB .442 .650 .740 .281 .156 .546 .15062 RB .505 .785 .875 .281 .156 .603 .16075 RB .635 .921 1.030 .375 .187 .770 .250
Reduced Base Ferrules are generally only used on RB (reduced base) style studs. Seethe Reduced Base Stud section of this catalog to determine whether to use a T or a RBstyle ferrule.
Custom Ferrules can be manufactured forspecialized applications. Consult your ImageRepresentative or the Factory.
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NOTES
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NTABLES & OTHER InformationNelson Part Name Conversions
IMAGE Description NELSON
AR Annular Ring Stud N3PCR Bent Collar Stud B5BF Bent Stud B4CL Collar Stud CKLDA Deformed Anchor D2LEB Eye Bolt Stud E2FB Full Base Stud HBLFT Full Thread Stud CFLHA Headed Anchor Stud H4LJ2 J Bolt Stud J2NT No Thread Stud NBLDP Double Pointed Insulation Stud P2PPD Pitch Diameter Stud CPLRT Rectangular Split Stud (2 Tines) R2RC Rectangular Stud with a "C" Slot R6PRH Rectangular Stud with a hole R7PRB Reduced Base Stud CDRT Rectangular Split Stud (2 tines) unknownRW Resistance Weld Stud Not AvailS4 Y Refractory Anchor S4XSB Shoulder Base Stud SBLSC Shear Connector Stud S3LST Steer Horn Refractory Anchor S7XTP Internally Tapped TBRT Tapped Reduced Base Stud S6LWP Weld to Plate Stud W3
APA Aluminum Stored Arc Stud ATAAPC Mild Steel Stored Arc Stud ATCAPS Stainless Steel Stored Arc Stud ATSBF Big Flange TFTB
CDA Aluminum Capacitor Discharge Stud TFTACDB Brass Capacitor Discharge Stud Not AvailCDC Mild Steel Capacitor Discharge Stud TFTC
CDC NF Mild Steel No Flange CD Stud TUTCCPC Mild Steel CD pin TPCCDS Stainless Steel Capacitor Discharge Stud TFTS
CDS NF Stainless Steel No Flange CD Stud TUTSCHC Cup Head Pin CHP
Conversion Table for Standard Drawn Arc Stud Names
Conversion Table for Capacitor Discharge Stud Names
TA
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TABLES & OTHER Information
Building Part Numbers
Stud StyleAP Advanced ProcessCD Capacitor DischargeCN CD No ThreadFB Full BaseFT Full ThreadHA Headed AnchorHW Hammer WeldNT No ThreadPD Pitch DiameterRB Reduced BaseSC Shear Connector
MaterialA AluminumB BrassC Low Carbon SteelS Stainless Steel 302/304S6 Stainless Steel 316
Fastener Diameter11 #4-4013 #6-3216 #8-3219 #10-2419F #10-3225 1/4, 1/4-2031 5/16, 5/16-1837 3/8, 3/8-1643 7/16, 7/16-1450 1/2, 1/2-1362 5/8, 5/8-1175 3/4, 3/4-1087 7/8, 7/8-94 4mm, 4-.45 5mm, 5-.86 6mm, 6-1.08 8mm, 8-1.2510 10mm, 10-1.50
Fastener Length25 0.250"37 0.375"50 0.500"62 0.625"75 0.750"87 0.875"1 1.000"112 1.125"125 1.250"150 1.500"2 2.000"
SuffixA AnnealedCP Center PunchKO Knock OffMF Mini-FlangedNF Non-FlangedNP Nickel PlateZCP Zinc Clear PlateZYP Zinc Yellow Plate
P D C 3 7 - 1 5 0
C L C 3 3 5 0 - 3 7 6 2
Stud StyleCL Drawn Arc CollarCC CD CollarCR Right Angle Collar
TP Tapped PadRT Reduced Base
Tapped
SB Shoulder Base
MaterialA AluminumB BrassC Low Carbon SteelS Stainless Steel 302/304S6 Stainless Steel 316
MaterialA AluminumB BrassC Low Carbon SteelS Stainless Steel 302/304S6 Stainless Steel 316
MaterialA AluminumB BrassC Low Carbon SteelS Stainless Steel 302/304S6 Stainless Steel 316
Base Diameter21 0.215"27 0.275"33 0.330"35 0.350"44 0.440"
Base Diameter19 0.190"25 0.250"31 0.313"37 0.375"50 0.500"62 0.625"75 0.750"87 0.875"1 1.000"6 6 mm8 8 mm10 10 mm
Base Diameter19 0.190"25 0.250"31 0.313"37 0.375"50 0.500"62 0.625"75 0.750"87 0.875"1 1.000"6 6 mm8 8 mm10 10 mm
Thread Dia25 1/4-2031 5/16-1837 3/8-1643 7/16-1450 1/2-135 5-6 6-1.08 8-1.2510 10-1.50
Tap Thread25 1/4-2031 5/16-1837 3/8-1643 7/16-1450 1/2-134 4-0.75 5-0.86 6-1.08 8-1.2510 10-1.50
Threaded ExtDiameter25 1/4-2031 5/16-1837 3/8-1643 7/16-1450 1/2-134 4-0.75 5-0.86 6-1.08 8-1.2510 10-1.50
SuffixA AnnealedCP Center PunchMF Mini-FlangedNF Non-FlangedNP Nickel PlateZCP Zinc Clear PlateZYP Zinc Yellow Plate
SuffixA AnnealedCP Center PunchMF Mini-FlangedNF Non-FlangedNP Nickel PlateZCP Zinc Clear PlateZYP Zinc Yellow Plate
SuffixA AnnealedCP Center PunchMF Mini-FlangedNF Non-FlangedNP Nickel PlateZCP Zinc Clear PlateZYP Zinc Yellow Plate
Base Length InclCollar Thickness50 0.500"62 0.625"75 0.750"1 1.000"125 1.250"150 1.500"2 2.000"
Base Length50 0.500"62 0.625"75 0.750"1 1.000"125 1.250"150 1.500"2 2.000"
Base Length50 0.500"62 0.625"75 0.750"1 1.000"125 1.250"150 1.500"2 2.000"
ThreadLength50 0.500"62 0.625"75 0.750"1 1.000"125 1.250"150 1.500"2 2.000"
Tap Depth25 0.250"31 0.313"37 0.375"50 0.500"62 0.625"75 0.750"87 0.875"1 1.000"
Thread Length50 0.500"62 0.625"75 0.750"1 1.000"125 1.250"150 1.500"2 2.000"
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N When arc studs are welded, the excess material forms a fillet around the base of the stud. If aferrule is used, the fillet formation can be controlled. Because the diameter of the fillet isgenerally larger than the diameter of the stud it is necessary to account for this in the design ofmating parts. Below are some common methods of design considerations to accomodate theweld fillet:
(A) Dog Clamp (B) Oversize Clearance Hole (C) Gasket Material
Another choice is to select Reduced Base Weld Studs (RB Studs).While this will resolve many mating part clearance problems, theshear and tensile strength are reduced. Additionally, RB style studsare more expensive due to additional manufacturing steps.
A
B
A B1/4 0.437 0.1255/16 0.500 0.1253/8 0.593 0.1257/16 0.656 0.1871/2 0.750 0.1875/8 0.875 0.2183/4 1.125 0.312
Counter BoreStud Size
Accommodating Fillets with Counter Bores / Counter Sinks
Accommodating Fillets with Reduced Base Weld Studs
TABLES & OTHER Information
Accommodating Fillets without Machining
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Locating Studs with Ferrule Template
Locating Studs with Template Adapters
TemplateSpacer
Template
Non MetalicBushing
Template Tube Adapter orTeflon Tube Adapter
3/4 - 1"
Spark Shield
Many customers can take advantage of centerpunch marks from a turret press. When usingStandard Drawn Arc Studs, the flux ball willtypically fall into the center punch mark. Whenusing short cycle or gas arc welding, Imagecan provide a special Center Punch Stud. TheCenter Punch stud is engineered with a specialtip to assist in locating the center punch mark.This method will not work with CapacitorDischarge (CD) welding.
This is a quick and easy template method, though location is notextremely precise. Many customers have the templateprogrammed into a turret press or plasma/laser cutter for quickreplacements. The template is typically made from 3/32 to 3/16”thick steel or aluminum. Spacers (minimum of .09) are requiredfor venting weld gasses. The template hole size should equal themaximum ferrule outside diameter plus 0.03”. Tolerance on ferruleoutside diameter is ±0.015. This means that the final tolerancecould be as much as ±0.030.
This method provides accurate & repeatable stud location. Locationaccuracy of ±.005 is possible using this method. Spacers(minimum of .09) are required for venting weld gasses.
Bushings should be made from a non-metallicmaterial to minimize the effects of arc blow. ForStandard Drawn Arc Studs, the bushing is sizedfor a Template Tube Adapter or for a Teflon TubeAdapter. When welding with a Gas Arc, ShortCycle or CD process the bushing is sized for aSpark Shield. Contact your Image SalesRepresentative or the Factory directly for Bushingsize.
The template should be approximately 1 inch tall. The thicker template/bushing can help to ensure that the operatorinstalls the stud in a perpendicular fashion.
If even better location methods are required, Image manufactures production guns and autofeed guns which can be mounted toprecision fixtures and slides. These guns offer strict tolerances for exceptional accuracy. For more information on these piecesof equipment contact Image.
Standard Drawn Arc Gas Arc / Short Cycle
Standard Drawn Arc Gas Arc / Short Cycle / CD
TABLES & OTHER Information
Locating Studs with Center Punch Marks
Drawn Arc Stud
Ferrule Spark Shield
Work
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Mechanical Data - Mild Steel
Low Carbon C1008/C1010/C1018 ASTM A307 Thread Class UN-2A
PTMc UTS YTS90% YTM UTM•SAT YTM•SAT
FastenerNominal Diameter
(in)
Threads per Inch
Calculated Pitch
Diameter(in)
Calculated Minor
Diameter(in)
Calculated Stress Area Full Body
(in2)
Calculated Stress Area
Pitch
(in2)
Calculated Stress Area
Threads
(in2)
Material Ultimate Tensile Strength
Min (PSI)
Material Yield Tensile
Strength Min (PSI)
Material Proof Tensile
Strength Min (PSI)
Fastener Thread Ultimate Tensile
Strength Min (lbs)
Fastener Thread Yield Strength Min
(lbs)
#4-40 0.110 40 0.094 0.078 0.0095 0.0069 0.0058 55,000 50,000 45,000 317 288
#6-32 0.138 32 0.118 0.097 0.0150 0.0109 0.0091 55,000 50,000 45,000 500 454
#8-32 0.164 32 0.144 0.123 0.0211 0.0162 0.0140 55,000 50,000 45,000 770 700
#10-32 0.190 32 0.170 0.149 0.0284 0.0226 0.0200 55,000 50,000 45,000 1,100 1,000
#10-24 0.190 24 0.163 0.136 0.0284 0.0209 0.0175 55,000 50,000 45,000 964 877
1/4-20 0.250 20 0.218 0.185 0.0491 0.0372 0.0318 55,000 50,000 45,000 1,750 1,591
5/16-18 0.313 18 0.276 0.240 0.0767 0.0600 0.0524 55,000 50,000 45,000 2,884 2,622
3/8-16 0.375 16 0.334 0.294 0.1104 0.0878 0.0775 55,000 50,000 45,000 4,262 3,875
7/16-14 0.438 14 0.391 0.345 0.1503 0.1201 0.1063 55,000 50,000 45,000 5,847 5,315
1/2-13 0.500 13 0.450 0.400 0.1963 0.1591 0.1419 55,000 50,000 45,000 7,804 7,095
5/8-11 0.625 11 0.566 0.507 0.3068 0.2516 0.2260 55,000 50,000 45,000 12,430 11,300
3/4-10 0.750 10 0.685 0.620 0.4418 0.3686 0.3345 55,000 50,000 45,000 18,395 16,723
7/8-9 0.875 9 0.803 0.731 0.6013 0.5062 0.4617 55,000 50,000 45,000 25,395 23,087
1-8 1.000 8 0.919 0.838 0.7854 0.6630 0.6057 55,000 50,000 45,000 33,316 30,287
PL PRd PPe TR TP TUg YSMh YSF YSP YST YTFPTM•SAT 75% PL 90% PL FC•PR•ND FC•PP•ND FC•UTS•ND 0.577•YTM YSM•SAF YSM•SAP YSM•SAT YTM•SAF
FastenerFastener
Proof Load(lbs)
Fastener Preload Reused
(lbs)
Fastener Preload
Permanent(lbs)
Friction Coefficient
Torque Reused(in•lb)
Working Torque
Torque Permanent
(in•lb)Yield Torque
Torque Ultimate
(in•lb)
Material Yield Shearing Stress
Min (PSI)
Fastener Full Body Yield
Shear Min (lbs)
Fastener Pitch Yield Shear Min
(lbs)
Fastener Thread Yield Shear Min
(lbs)
Fastener Full Body Yield
Tensile Strength Min
(lbs)
#4-40 259 194 233 0.2 4 5.1 7.0 28,850 274 199 166 475
#6-32 409 307 368 0.2 8 10.2 13.8 28,850 432 314 262 748
#8-32 630 473 567 0.2 16 18.6 25.3 28,850 609 468 404 1,056
#10-32 900 675 810 0.2 26 30.8 41.8 28,850 818 653 577 1,418
#10-24 789 592 710 0.2 22 27.0 36.6 28,850 818 602 506 1,418
1/4-20 1,432 1,074 1,289 0.2 54 64.4 87.5 28,850 1,416 1,072 918 2,454
5/16-18 2,359 1,770 2,123 0.2 111 132.7 180.2 28,850 2,213 1,731 1,513 3,835
3/8-16 3,487 2,615 3,138 0.2 196 235.4 319.6 28,850 3,186 2,534 2,236 5,522
7/16-14 4,784 3,588 4,306 0.2 314 376.7 511.6 28,850 4,337 3,466 3,067 7,517
1/2-13 6,385 4,789 5,747 0.2 479 574.7 780.4 28,850 5,665 4,589 4,094 9,817
5/8-11 10,170 7,628 9,153 0.2 953 1,144.1 1,553.8 28,850 8,851 7,258 6,520 15,340
3/4-10 15,051 11,288 13,546 0.2 1,693 2,031.9 2,759.3 28,850 12,746 10,634 9,649 22,089
7/8-9 20,778 15,584 18,700 0.2 2,727 3,272.6 4,444.2 28,850 17,348 14,604 13,321 30,066
1-8 27,259 20,444 24,533 0.2 4,089 4,906.6 6,663.2 28,850 22,659 19,129 17,476 39,270
FCf
PD MD SAF
Tensile, Torque and Shear Calculations for Standard Number and Fractional Thread Sizes
SAP SATa UTMb YTMbND TPI
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TABLES & OTHER Information
Mechanical Data - Metric - Mild Steel
Low Carbon C1008/C1010/C1018 ASTM F568 Thread Class 6g Property Class 4.6
PTMc UTS YTS90% YTM UTM•SAT YTM•SAT
FastenerNominal Diameter
(mm)Pitch
Calculated Pitch
Diameter(mm)
Calculated minor
Diameter(mm)
Calculated Stress Area Full Body
(mm2)
Calculated Stress Area
Pitch
(mm2)
Calculated Stress Area
Threads
(mm2)
Material Ultimate Tensile Strength
Min (MPa)
Material Yield Tensile
Strength Min (MPa)
Material Proof Tensile
Strength Min (MPa)
Fastener Ultimate Tensile Strength
Min (N)
Fastener Thread Yield Strength Min
(N)
4mm - 0.7 4.00 0.7 3.55 3.14 12.566 9.872 8.779 378 344 309 332 302
5mm - 0.8 5.000 0.8 4.480 4.019 19.6350 15.7660 14.1825 378 344 309 536 487
6mm - 1.0 6.00 1 5.35 4.77 28.274 22.484 20.123 378 344 309 761 691
8mm - 1.25 8.000 1.25 7.188 6.466 50.2655 40.5806 36.6085 378 344 309 1,384 1,258
10mm - 1.50 10.00 1.5 9.03 8.16 78.540 63.981 57.990 378 344 309 2,192 1,992
PL PRd PPe TR TP TUg YSMh YSF YSP YST YTFPTM•SAT 75% PL 90% PL FC•PR•ND FC•PP•ND FC•UTS•ND 0.577•YTM YSM•SAF YSM•SAP YSM•SAT YTM•SAF
FastenerFastener
Proof Load(N)
Fastener Preload Reused
(N)
Fastener Preload
Permanent(N)
Friction Coefficient
Torque Reused(N•M)
Torque Permanent
(N•M)
Torque Ultimate
(N•M)
Material Yield Shearing Stress
Min (Mpa)
Fastener Full Body Yield
Shear Min (N)
Fastener Pitch Yield Shear Min
(N)
Fastener Thread Yield Shear Min
(N)
Fastener Full Body Yield
Tensile Strength Min
(N)
4mm - 0.7 271 204 244 0.2 1.6 2.0 2.7 198 249 196 174 432
5mm - 0.8 438 329 395 0.2 3.3 3.9 5.4 198 389 312 281 674
6mm - 1.0 622 467 560 0.2 5.6 6.7 9.1 198 560 446 399 971
8mm - 1.25 1,132 849 1,019 0.2 13.6 16.3 22.1 198 996 804 726 1,727
10mm - 1.50 1,793 1,345 1,613 0.2 26.9 32.3 43.8 198 1,557 1,268 1,149 2,698
Notes:
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
Source: "Mechanical Engineering Design", 5th ed.; Shigley and Mischke, McGraw Hill, C1989.
CAUTION:
Using the distortion-energy theory; Maximum Shear Stress equals .577 times the Maximum Tensile.
Fasteners should not be used at their tensile or shear limits. A safety factor must be applied to engineering calculations. The particular safety factor will vary depending on the application. The end user will choose the safety factor for his/her application.
Preload for reuse of threaded fastener is 75% of Proof Load. Fastener may be rebolted multiple times with no degradation.
Preload for permanent installation of fastener is 90% of Proof Load. Fastener is permanently stretched and will not achieve the same clamping force on reuse.
Friction Coefficient will vary greatly depending on bolting conditions including lubrication. 0.2 is standard when bolt condition is plain finish or unknown.
Ultimate Torque is not useful in designing a bolted joint. Preloaded torque is more practical. This data is provided as a reference only.
Data provided by our suppliers
ND P PD MD SAP SATa UTMb YTMb
Tensile, Torque and Shear Calculations for Metric Thread Sizes
FCf
SAF
Stress area for the treads is calculated on an area approximately half way between the root diameter and pitch diameter. This more closely reflects actual results versus using root diameter for stress area calculations
Proof Tensile is estimated to be 90% of Yield Tensile when Proof Tensile data is not readily available.
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NTABLES & OTHER Information
Mechanical Data - Stainless Steel
Stainless Steel 302/302HQ/304 ASTM F593 Thread Class UN-2A
PTMc UTS YTS90% YTM UTM•SAT YTM•SAT
FastenerNominal Diameter
(in)
Threads per Inch
Calculated Pitch
Diameter(in)
Calculated Minor
Diameter(in)
Calculated Stress Area Full Body
(in2)
Calculated Stress Area
Pitch
(in2)
Calculated Stress Area
Threads
(in2)
Material Ultimate Tensile Strength
Min (PSI)
Material Yield Tensile
Strength Min (PSI)
Material Proof Tensile
Strength Min (PSI)
Fastener Thread Ultimate Tensile
Strength Min (lbs)
Fastener Thread Yield Strength Min
(lbs)
#4-40 0.110 40 0.094 0.078 0.0095 0.0069 0.0058 75,000 30,000 27,000 432 173
#6-32 0.138 32 0.118 0.097 0.0150 0.0109 0.0091 75,000 30,000 27,000 681 273
#8-32 0.164 32 0.144 0.123 0.0211 0.0162 0.0140 75,000 30,000 27,000 1,051 420
#10-32 0.190 32 0.170 0.149 0.0284 0.0226 0.0200 75,000 30,000 27,000 1,500 600
#10-24 0.190 24 0.163 0.136 0.0284 0.0209 0.0175 75,000 30,000 27,000 1,315 526
1/4-20 0.250 20 0.218 0.185 0.0491 0.0372 0.0318 75,000 30,000 27,000 2,387 955
5/16-18 0.313 18 0.276 0.240 0.0767 0.0600 0.0524 75,000 30,000 27,000 3,932 1,573
3/8-16 0.375 16 0.334 0.294 0.1104 0.0878 0.0775 75,000 30,000 27,000 5,812 2,325
7/16-14 0.438 14 0.391 0.345 0.1503 0.1201 0.1063 75,000 30,000 27,000 7,973 3,189
1/2-13 0.500 13 0.450 0.400 0.1963 0.1591 0.1419 75,000 30,000 27,000 10,642 4,257
5/8-11 0.625 11 0.566 0.507 0.3068 0.2516 0.2260 75,000 30,000 27,000 16,950 6,780
3/4-10 0.750 10 0.685 0.620 0.4418 0.3686 0.3345 75,000 30,000 27,000 25,085 10,034
7/8-9 0.875 9 0.803 0.731 0.6013 0.5062 0.4617 75,000 30,000 27,000 34,630 13,852
1-8 1.000 8 0.919 0.838 0.7854 0.6630 0.6057 75,000 30,000 27,000 45,431 18,172
PL PRd PPe TR TP TUg YSMh YSF YSP YST YTFPTM•SAT 75% PL 90% PL FC•PR•ND FC•PP•ND FC•UTS•ND 0.577•YTM YSM•SAF YSM•SAP YSM•SAT YTM•SAF
FastenerFastener
Proof Load(lbs)
Fastener Preload Reused
(lbs)
Fastener Preload
Permanent(lbs)
Friction Coefficient
Torque Reused(in•lb)
Torque Permanent
(in•lb)
Torque Ultimate
(in•lb)
Material Yield Shearing Stress
Min (PSI)
Fastener Full Body Yield
Shear Min (lbs)
Fastener Pitch Yield Shear Min
(lbs)
Fastener Thread Yield Shear Min
(lbs)
Fastener Full Body Yield
Tensile Strength Min
(lbs)
#4-40 156 117 140 0.2 3 3 9.5 17,310 165 120 100 285
#6-32 245 184 221 0.2 5 6 18.8 17,310 259 188 157 449
#8-32 378 284 340 0.2 9 11 34.5 17,310 366 281 242 634
#10-32 540 405 486 0.2 15 18 57.0 17,310 491 392 346 851
#10-24 473 355 426 0.2 13 16 50.0 17,310 491 361 303 851
1/4-20 859 644 773 0.2 32 39 119.3 17,310 850 643 551 1,473
5/16-18 1,416 1,062 1,274 0.2 66 80 245.8 17,310 1,328 1,039 908 2,301
3/8-16 2,092 1,569 1,883 0.2 118 141 435.9 17,310 1,912 1,520 1,341 3,313
7/16-14 2,870 2,153 2,583 0.2 188 226 697.7 17,310 2,602 2,080 1,840 4,510
1/2-13 3,831 2,873 3,448 0.2 287 345 1,064.2 17,310 3,399 2,753 2,456 5,890
5/8-11 6,102 4,577 5,492 0.2 572 686 2,118.8 17,310 5,311 4,355 3,912 9,204
3/4-10 9,030 6,773 8,127 0.2 1,016 1,219 3,762.7 17,310 7,647 6,380 5,790 13,254
7/8-9 12,467 9,350 11,220 0.2 1,636 1,964 6,060.3 17,310 10,409 8,763 7,993 18,040
1-8 16,355 12,266 14,720 0.2 2,453 2,944 9,086.2 17,310 13,595 11,477 10,485 23,562
Tensile, Torque and Shear Calculations for Standard Number and Fractional Thread Sizes
PD MD YTMb
FCf
SAF SAP SATa UTMbND TPI
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TABLES & OTHER Information
Mechanical Data - Metric - Stainless Steel
Stainless Steel 302/302HQ/304 ASTM F738 Thread Class 6g Property Class 4.6 Elongation 20%
PTMc UTS YTS90% YTM UTM•SAT YTM•SAT
FastenerNominal Diameter
(mm)Pitch
Calculated Pitch
Diameter(mm)
Calculated minor
Diameter(mm)
Calculated Stress Area Full Body
(mm2)
Calculated Stress Area
Pitch
(mm2)
Calculated Stress Area
Threads
(mm2)
Material Ultimate Tensile Strength
Min (MPa)
Material Yield Tensile
Strength Min (MPa)
Material Proof Tensile
Strength Min (MPa)
Fastener Ultimate Tensile Strength
Min (N)
Fastener Thread Yield Strength Min
(N)
4mm - 0.7 4.00 0.7 3.55 3.14 12.566 9.872 8.779 515 206 185 452 181
5mm - 0.8 5.000 0.8 4.480 4.019 19.6350 15.7660 14.1825 515 206 185 730 292
6mm - 1.0 6.00 1 5.35 4.77 28.274 22.484 20.123 515 206 185 1,036 415
8mm - 1.25 8.000 1.25 7.188 6.466 50.2655 40.5806 36.6085 515 206 185 1,885 754
10mm - 1.50 10.00 1.5 9.03 8.16 78.540 63.981 57.990 515 206 185 2,986 1,195
PL PRd PPe TR TP TUg YSMh YSF YSP YST YTFPTM•SAT 75% PL 90% PL FC•PR•ND FC•PP•ND FC•UTS•ND 0.577•YTM YSM•SAF YSM•SAP YSM•SAT YTM•SAF
FastenerFastener
Proof Load(N)
Fastener Preload Reused
(N)
Fastener Preload
Permanent(N)
Friction Coefficient
Torque Reused(N•M)
Torque Permanent
(N•M)
Torque Ultimate
(N•M)
Material Yield Shearing Stress
Min (Mpa)
Fastener Full Body Yield
Shear Min (N)
Fastener Pitch Yield Shear Min
(N)
Fastener Thread Yield Shear Min
(N)
Fastener Full Body Yield
Tensile Strength Min
(N)
4mm - 0.7 163 122 146 0.2 1.0 1.2 3.6 119 149 117 104 259
5mm - 0.8 263 197 237 0.2 2.0 2.4 7.3 119 233 187 169 404
6mm - 1.0 373 280 336 0.2 3.4 4.0 12.4 119 336 267 239 582
8mm - 1.25 679 509 611 0.2 8.1 9.8 30.2 119 597 482 435 1,035
10mm - 1.50 1,075 806 968 0.2 16.1 19.4 59.7 119 934 760 689 1,618
Notes:
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
Source: "Mechanical Engineering Design", 5th ed.; Shigley and Mischke, McGraw Hill, C1989.
CAUTION:
Preload for reuse of threaded fastener is 75% of Proof Load. Fastener may be rebolted multiple times with no degradation.
Preload for permanent installation of fastener is 90% of Proof Load. Fastener is permanently stretched and will not achieve the same clamping force on reuse.
Friction Coefficient will vary greatly depending on bolting conditions including lubrication. 0.2 is standard when bolt condition is plain finish or unknown.
Ultimate Torque is not useful in designing a bolted joint. Preloaded torque is more practical. This data is provided as a reference only.
ND TPI PD MD SAF SAP SATa
Proof Tensile is estimated to be 90% of Yield Tensile when Proof Tensile data is not readily available.
Using the distortion-energy theory; Maximum Shear Stress equals .577 times the Maximum Tensile.
Fasteners should not be used at their tensile or shear limits. A safety factor must be applied to engineering calculations. The particular safety factor will vary depending on the application. The end user will choose the safety factor for his/her application.
UTMb YTMb
FCf
Stress area for the treads is calculated on an area approximately half way between the root diameter and pitch diameter. This more closely reflects actual results versus using root diameter for stress area calculations
Data provided by our suppliers
Tensile, Torque and Shear Calculations for Metric Thread Sizes
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Mechanical Data - Aluminum
Aluminum 5356 Thread Class UN-2A
PTMc UTS YTS90% YTM UTM•SAT YTM•SAT
FastenerNominal Diameter
(in)
Threads per Inch
Calculated Pitch
Diameter(in)
Calculated Minor
Diameter(in)
Calculated Stress Area Full Body
(in2)
Calculated Stress Area
Pitch
(in2)
Calculated Stress Area
Threads
(in2)
Material Ultimate Tensile Strength
Min (PSI)
Material Yield Tensile
Strength Min (PSI)
Material Proof Tensile
Strength Min (PSI)
Fastener Thread Ultimate Tensile
Strength Min (lbs)
Fastener Thread Yield Strength Min
(lbs)
#4-40 0.110 40 0.094 0.078 0.0095 0.0069 0.0058 45,000 25,000 22,500 259 144
#6-32 0.138 32 0.118 0.097 0.0150 0.0109 0.0091 45,000 25,000 22,500 409 227
#8-32 0.164 32 0.144 0.123 0.0211 0.0162 0.0140 45,000 25,000 22,500 630 350
#10-32 0.190 32 0.170 0.149 0.0284 0.0226 0.0200 45,000 25,000 22,500 900 500
#10-24 0.190 24 0.163 0.136 0.0284 0.0209 0.0175 45,000 25,000 22,500 789 438
1/4-20 0.250 20 0.218 0.185 0.0491 0.0372 0.0318 45,000 25,000 22,500 1,432 796
5/16-18 0.313 18 0.276 0.240 0.0767 0.0600 0.0524 45,000 25,000 22,500 2,359 1,311
3/8-16 0.375 16 0.334 0.294 0.1104 0.0878 0.0775 45,000 25,000 22,500 3,487 1,937
7/16-14 0.438 14 0.391 0.345 0.1503 0.1201 0.1063 45,000 25,000 22,500 4,784 2,658
1/2-13 0.500 13 0.450 0.400 0.1963 0.1591 0.1419 45,000 25,000 22,500 6,385 3,547
5/8-11 0.625 11 0.566 0.507 0.3068 0.2516 0.2260 45,000 25,000 22,500 10,170 5,650
3/4-10 0.750 10 0.685 0.620 0.4418 0.3686 0.3345 45,000 25,000 22,500 15,051 8,362
7/8-9 0.875 9 0.803 0.731 0.6013 0.5062 0.4617 45,000 25,000 22,500 20,778 11,543
PL PRd PPe TR TP TUg YSMh YSF YSP YST YTFPTM•SAT 75% PL 90% PL FC•PR•ND FC•PP•ND FC•UTS•ND 0.577•YTM YSM•SAF YSM•SAP YSM•SAT YTM•SAF
FastenerFastener
Proof Load(lbs)
Fastener Preload Reused
(lbs)
Fastener Preload
Permanent(lbs)
Friction Coefficient
Torque Reused(in•lb)
Torque Permanent
(in•lb)
Torque Ultimate
(in•lb)
Material Yield Shearing Stress
Min (PSI)
Fastener Full Body Yield
Shear Min (lbs)
Fastener Pitch Yield Shear Min
(lbs)
Fastener Thread Yield Shear Min
(lbs)
Fastener Full Body Yield
Tensile Strength Min
(lbs)
#4-40 130 97 117 0.2 2 3 6 14,425 137 100 83 238
#6-32 204 153 184 0.2 4 5 11 14,425 216 157 131 374
#8-32 315 236 284 0.2 8 9 21 14,425 305 234 202 528
#10-32 450 337 405 0.2 13 15 34 14,425 409 326 288 709
#10-24 394 296 355 0.2 11 13 30 14,425 409 301 253 709
1/4-20 716 537 644 0.2 27 32 72 14,425 708 536 459 1,227
5/16-18 1,180 885 1,062 0.2 55 66 147 14,425 1,106 866 756 1,917
3/8-16 1,744 1,308 1,569 0.2 98 118 262 14,425 1,593 1,267 1,118 2,761
7/16-14 2,392 1,794 2,153 0.2 157 188 419 14,425 2,169 1,733 1,534 3,758
1/2-13 3,193 2,395 2,873 0.2 239 287 639 14,425 2,832 2,295 2,047 4,909
5/8-11 5,085 3,814 4,577 0.2 477 572 1,271 14,425 4,426 3,629 3,260 7,670
3/4-10 7,525 5,644 6,773 0.2 847 1,016 2,258 14,425 6,373 5,317 4,825 11,045
7/8-9 10,389 7,792 9,350 0.2 1,364 1,636 3,636 14,425 8,674 7,302 6,661 15,033
Tensile, Torque and Shear Calculations for Standard Number and Fractional Thread Sizes
FCf
ND TPI PD MD SAF SAP SATa UTMb YTMb
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Mechanical Data -Metric - Aluminum
Aluminum 5356 Thread Class 6g Property Class 4.6 Elongation 20%
PTMc UTS YTS90% YTM UTM•SAT YTM•SAT
FastenerNominal Diameter
(mm)Pitch
Calculated Pitch
Diameter(mm)
Calculated minor
Diameter(mm)
Calculated Stress Area Full Body
(mm2)
Calculated Stress Area
Pitch
(mm2)
Calculated Stress Area
Threads
(mm2)
Material Ultimate Tensile Strength
Min (MPa)
Material Yield Tensile
Strength Min (MPa)
Material Proof Tensile
Strength Min (MPa)
Fastener Ultimate Tensile Strength
Min (N)
Fastener Thread Yield Strength Min
(N)
4mm - 0.7 4.00 0.7 3.55 3.14 12.566 9.872 8.779 310 172 155 272 151
5mm - 0.8 5.000 0.8 4.480 4.019 19.6350 15.7660 14.1825 310 172 155 440 244
6mm - 1.0 6.00 1 5.35 4.77 28.274 22.484 20.123 310 172 155 624 346
8mm - 1.25 8.000 1.25 7.188 6.466 50.2655 40.5806 36.6085 310 172 155 1,135 630
10mm - 1.50 10.00 1.5 9.03 8.16 78.540 63.981 57.990 310 172 155 1,798 997
PL PRd PPe TR TP TUg YSMh YSF YSP YST YTFPTM•SAT 75% PL 90% PL FC•PR•ND FC•PP•ND FC•UTS•ND 0.577•YTM YSM•SAF YSM•SAP YSM•SAT YTM•SAF
FastenerFastener
Proof Load(N)
Fastener Preload Reused
(N)
Fastener Preload
Permanent(N)
Friction Coefficient
Torque Reused(N•M)
Torque Permanent
(N•M)
Torque Ultimate
(N•M)
Material Yield Shearing Stress
Min (Mpa)
Fastener Full Body Yield
Shear Min (N)
Fastener Pitch Yield Shear Min
(N)
Fastener Thread Yield Shear Min
(N)
Fastener Full Body Yield
Tensile Strength Min
(N)
4mm - 0.7 136 102 122 0.2 0.8 1.0 2.2 99 125 98 87 216
5mm - 0.8 220 165 198 0.2 1.6 2.0 4.4 99 195 156 141 338
6mm - 1.0 312 234 280 0.2 2.8 3.4 7.5 99 281 223 200 486
8mm - 1.25 567 425 510 0.2 6.8 8.2 18.2 99 499 403 363 865
10mm - 1.50 898 673 808 0.2 13.5 16.2 36.0 99 779 635 576 1,351
Notes:
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
Source: "Mechanical Engineering Design", 5th ed.; Shigley and Mischke, McGraw Hill, C1989.
CAUTION:
Data provided by our suppliers
Proof Tensile is estimated to be 90% of Yield Tensile when Proof Tensile data is not readily available.
Preload for reuse of threaded fastener is 75% of Proof Load. Fastener may be rebolted multiple times with no degradation.
Fasteners should not be used at their tensile or shear limits. A safety factor must be applied to engineering calculations. The particular safety factor will vary depending on the application. The end user will choose the safety factor for his/her application.
Preload for permanent installation of fastener is 90% of Proof Load. Fastener is permanently stretched and will not achieve the same clamping force on reuse.
Friction Coefficient will vary greatly depending on bolting conditions including lubrication. 0.2 is standard when bolt condition is plain finish or unknown.
Ultimate Torque is not useful in designing a bolted joint. Preloaded torque is more practical. This data is provided as a reference only.
Using the distortion-energy theory; Maximum Shear Stress equals .577 times the Maximum Tensile.
Stress area for the treads is calculated on an area approximately half way between the root diameter and pitch diameter. This more closely reflects actual results versus using root diameter for stress area calculations
YTMb
FCf
ND TPI PD MD SAF SAP SATa UTMb
Tensile, Torque and Shear Calculations for Metric Thread Sizes
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U.S. Thread Specifications
Unified External Screw ThreadsAmerican Standard ANSI B1. 1-1960Classes 2A & 3A-UNRC, UNRF, UNC, UNF
Nominal Class 2A Class 3A Nominal Class 2A Class 3A
Size & TPIPitch
DiameterMajor
DiameterPitch
DiameterMajor
DiameterSize & TPI
Pitch Diameter
Major Diameter
Pitch Diameter
Major Diameter
# 0-80.0496.0514
.0563
.0595.0506.0519
.0568
.06001/4-28
.2225
.2258.2425.2490
.2243
.2268.2435.2500
# 1-64.0603.0623
.0686
.0724.0614.0629
.0692
.07305/16-18
.2712
.2752.3026.3113
.2734
.2764.3038.3125
# 1-72.0615.0634
.0689
.0724.0626.0640
.0695
.07305/16-24
.2806
.2843.3042.3114
.2827
.2854.3053.3125
# 2-56.0717.0738
.0813
.0854.0728.0744
.0819
.08603/8-16
.3287
.3331.3643.3737
.3311
.3344.3656.3750
# 2-64.0733.0753
.0816
.0854.0744.0759
.0822
.08603/8-24
.3430
.3468.3667.3739
.3450
.3479.3678.3750
# 3-48.0825.0848
.0938
.0983.0838.0855
.0945
.09907/16-14
.3850
.3897.4258.4361
.3876
.3911.4272.4375
# 3-56.0845.0867
.0942
.0983.0858.0874
.0949
.09907/16-20
.3995
.4037.4281.4362
.4019
.4050.4294.4375
# 4-40.0925.0950
.1061
.1112.0939.0958
.1069
.11201/2-13
.4435
.4485.4876.4985
.4463
.4500.4891.5000
# 4-48.0954.0978
.1068
.1113.0967.0985
.1075
.11201/2-20
.4619
.4662.4906.4987
.4643
.4675.4919.5000
# 5-40.1054.1080
.1191
.1242.1069.1088
.1199
.12509/16-12
.5016
.5068.5495.5609
.5045
.5084.5511.5625
# 5-44.1070.1095
.1195
.1243.1083.1102
.1202
.12509/16-18
.5205
.5250.5524.5611
.5230
.5264.5538.5625
# 6-32.1141.1169
.1312
.1372.1156.1177
.1320
.13805/8-11
.5589
.5644.6113.6234
.5619
.5660.6129.6250
# 6-40.1184.1210
.1321
.1372.1198.1218
.1329
.13805/8-18
.5828
.5875.6149.6236
.5854
.5889.6163.6250
# 8-32.1399.1428
.1571
.1631.1415.1437
.1580
.16403/4-10
.6773
.6832.7353.7482
.6806
.6850.7371.7500
# 8-36.1424.1452
.1577
.1632.1439.1460
.1585
.16403/4-16
.7029
.7079.7391.7485
.7056
.7094.7406.7500
# 10-24.1586.1619
.1818
.1890.1604.1629
.1828
.19007/8-9
.7946
.8009.8592.8731
.7981
.8028.8611.8750
# 10-32.1658.1688
.1831
.1891.1674.1697
.1840
.19007/8-14
.8216
.8270.8631.8734
.8245
.8286.8647.8750
# 12-24.1845.1879
.2078
.2150.1863.1889
.2088
.21601-8
.9100
.9168.9830.9980
.9137
.9188.98501.0000
# 12-28.1886.1918
.2085
.2150.1904.1928
.2095
.21601-12
.9382
.9441.9868.9982
.9415
.9459.98861.0000
1/4-20.2127.2164
.2408
.2489.2147.2175
.2419
.2500
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TABLES & OTHER Information
Metric Thread Specifications
Unified External Screw ThreadsSO Screw Threads per R-965/1 Recommendations
Class 6g (2A Equivalent)
MM Size Millimeter Measurement Inch Measurement
O.D. PitchMajor
DiameterPitch
DiameterMinor
DiameterRequired
Blank SizeMajor
DiameterPitch
DiameterMinor
DiameterRequired
Blank Size
M1.6 0.351.4961.581
1.2911.354
1.0631.151
1.3181.338
.0589
.0622.0509.0533
.0419
.0453.0519.0527
M2 0.401.8861.981
1.6541.721
1.3941.490
1.6811.704
.0743
.0779.0652.0677
.0549
.0586.0662.0671
M2.5 0.452.3802.480
2.1172.188
1.8251.928
2.1432.172
.0938
.0976.0834.0861
.0719
.0759.0844.0855
M3 0.502.8742.980
2.5802.655
2.2562.367
2.6082.639
.1132
.1173.1016.1045
.0889
.0931.1027.1039
M3.5 0.603.3543.479
3.0043.089
2.6142.742
3.0353.061
.1321
.1369.1183.1216
.1030
.1079.1195.1205
M4 0.703.8383.978
3.4333.523
2.9793.119
3.4693.495
.1512
.1566.1352.1387
.1173
.1227.1366.1376
M5 0.804.8264.976
4.3614.456
3.8413.994
4.4064.427
.1900
.1959.1717.1754
.1513
.1572.1735.1743
M6 1.005.7945.974
5.2125.324
4.5634.747
5.2735.294
.2282
.2351.2052.2096
.1797
.1868.2077.2085
M7 1.006.7946.974
6.2126.324
5.5635.747
6.2736.294
.2675
.2754.2446.2489
.2191
.2262.2470.2478
M8 1.257.7607.972
7.0427.160
6.2316.439
7.0947.115
.3056
.3138.2773.2818
.2454
.2535.2793.2802
M10 1.009.7949.974
9.2129.324
5.8198.747
9.2559.281
.3856
.3927.3627.3671
.3353
.3444.3644.3654
M10 1.259.7609.972
9.0429.160
8.2318.439
9.0939.115
.3843
.3925.3560.3606
.3241
.3322.3580.3589
M10 1.509.7329.968
8.8628.994
7.8798.127
8.9208.943
.3832
.3924.3489.3540
.3102
.3199.3512.3521
M12 1.5011.70111.965
10.87710.991
9.54310.125
11.09411.117
.4630
.4713.4342.4393
.4023
.4109.4368.4377
M12 1.7511.70111.966
10.67910.829
9.5439.819
10.73810.771
.4607
.4711.4205.4263
.3758
.3865.4228.4241
M14 1.5013.73213.968
12.85412.994
11.87912.127
12.90512.951
.5407
.5499.5061.5115
.4677
.4774.5081.5099
M14 2.0013.68213.962
12.50312.663
11.20411.508
12.58312.608
.5387
.5496.4923.4985
.4412
.4530.4954.4964
M16 1.5015.73215.968
14.85414.994
13.87914.127
14.90714.952
.6194
.6286.5849.5903
.5465
.5561.5869.5887
M16 2.0015.68215.962
14.50314.663
13.20413.508
14.56414.609
.6175
.6284.5710.5772
.5199
.5318.5734.5752
M18 2.5017.62317.958
16.16416.334
14.54114.891
16.21216.257
.6939
.7070.6364.6430
.5725
.5862.6383.6400
M20 2.5019.62319.958
18.16418.334
16.54116.891
18.22218.267
.7726
.7857.7152.7218
.6513
.6649.7174.7192
M24 3.0023.57723.952
21.80322.003
19.85520.271
21.88721.933
.9283
.9429.8584.8662
.7817
.7980.8617.8635
M30 3.5029.52229.947
27.46227.674
25.18925.653
27.54827.599
1.16231.1790
1.08121.0895
.99171.0099
1.08461.0866
M36 4.0035.46535.940
33.11833.342
30.52131.033
33.19033.233
1.39631.4149
1.30391.3126
1.20171.2217
1.30671.3087
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N Millimeters Millimeters
1/64 0.015625 0.397 33/64 0.515625 13.097
1/32 0.03125 0.794 17/32 0.53125 13.494
3/64 0.046875 1.191 35/64 0.546875 13.891
1/16 0.0625 1.588 9/16 0.5625 14.288
5/64 0.078125 1.984 37/64 0.578125 14.684
3/32 0.09375 2.381 19/32 0.59375 15.081
7/64 0.109375 2.778 39/64 0.609375 15.478
1/8 0.12500 3.175 5/8 0.6250 15.875
9/64 0.140625 3.572 41/64 0.640625 16.272
5/32 0.15625 3.969 21/32 0.65625 16.669
11/64 0.171875 4.366 43/64 0.671875 17.066
3/16 0.1875 4.763 11/16 0.6875 17.463
13/64 0.203125 5.159 45/64 0.703125 17.859
7/32 0.21875 5.556 23/32 0.71875 18.256
15/64 0.234375 5.953 47/64 0.734375 18.653
1/4 0.2500 6.350 0.7500 19.050
17/64 0.265625 6.747 3/4 49/64 0.765625 19.447
9/32 0.28125 7.144 25/32 0.78125 19.844
19/64 0.296875 7.541 51/64 0.796875 20.241
5/16 0.3125 7.938 13/16 0.8125 20.638
21/64 0.328125 8.334 53/64 0.828125 21.034
11/32 0.34375 8.731 27/32 0.84375 21.431
23/64 0.359375 9.128 55/64 0.859375 21.828
3/8 0.3750 9.525 7/8 0.8750 22.225
25/64 0.390625 9.922 57/64 0.890625 22.622
13/32 0.40625 10.319 29/32 0.90625 23.019
27/64 0.421875 10.716 59/64 0.921875 23.416
7/16 0.4375 11.113 15/16 0.9375 23.813
29/64 0.453125 11.509 61/64 0.953125 24.209
15/32 0.46875 11.906 31/32 0.96875 24.606
31/64 0.484375 12.303 63/64 0.984375 25.003
1/2 0.500 12.700 1 1.000 25.400
Decimals DecimalsFractionFraction
TABLES & OTHER Information
Fraction-Decimal-Millimeter Conversions
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Millimeter-Decimal Conversionsmm inches mm inches mm inches mm inches
6 0.2362 21 0.8268 36 1.4173
0.1 0.0039 7 0.2756 22 0.8661 37 1.4567
0.2 0.0079 8 0.3150 23 0.9055 38 1.4961
0.3 0.0118 9 0.3543 24 0.9449 39 1.5354
0.4 0.0157 10 0.3937 25 0.9843 40 1.5748
0.5 0.0197 11 0.4331 26 1.0236 41 1.6142
0.6 0.0236 12 0.4724 27 1.0630 42 1.6535
0.7 0.0276 13 0.5118 28 1.1024 43 1.6929
0.8 0.0315 14 0.5512 29 1.1417 44 1.7323
0.9 0.0354 15 0.5906 30 1.1811 45 1.7717
1 0.0394 16 0.6299 31 1.2205 46 1.8110
2 0.0787 17 0.6693 32 1.2598 47 1.8504
3 0.1181 18 0.7087 33 1.2992 48 1.8898
4 0.1575 19 0.7480 34 1.3386 49 1.9291
5 0.1969 20 0.7874 35 1.3780 50 1.9685
mm inches mm inches mm inches mm inches
51 2.0079 66 2.5984 81 3.1890 91 3.5827
52 2.0472 67 2.6378 82 3.2283 92 3.6220
53 2.0866 68 2.6772 83 3.2677 93 3.6614
54 2.1260 69 2.7165 84 3.3071 94 3.7008
55 2.1654 70 2.7559 85 3.3465 95 3.7402
56 2.2047 71 2.7953 86 3.3858 96 3.7795
57 2.2441 72 2.8346 87 3.4252 97 3.8189
58 2.2835 73 2.8740 88 3.4646 98 3.8583
59 2.3228 74 2.9134 89 3.5039 99 3.8976
60 2.3622 75 2.9528 90 3.5433 100 3.9370
61 2.4016 76 2.9921
62 2.4409 77 3.0315
63 2.4803 78 3.0709
64 2.5197 79 3.1102
65 2.5591 80 3.1496
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U.S. Tap Sizes
National Fine National Coarse
ThreadThreads per
inchTap Drill Tap Decimal
Threads per inch
Tap Drill Tap Decimal
# 0 80 3/64 0.0469 --- --- ---
# 1 72 53 0.0595 64 53 0.0595
# 2 64 50 0.0700 56 50 0.0700
# 3 56 45 0.0820 48 47 0.0785
# 4 48 42 0.0935 40 43 0.0890
1/8 40 38 0.1015 32 3/32 0.0937
# 5 44 37 0.1040 40 38 0.1015
# 6 40 33 0.1130 32 36 0.1065
# 8 36 29 0.1360 32 29 0.1360
3/16 32 22 0.1570 24 26 0.1470
# 10 32 21 0.1590 24 25 0.1495
# 12 28 14 0.1820 24 16 0.1770
1/4 28 3 0.2130 20 7 0.2010
5/16 24 I 0.2720 18 F 0.2570
3/8 24 Q 0.3320 16 5/16 0.3125
7/16 20 25/64 0.3906 14 U 0.3680
1/2 20 29/64 0.4531 13 27/64 0.4219
9/16 18 33/64 0.5156 12 31/64 0.4844
5/8 18 37/64 0.5781 11 17/32 0.5313
3/4 26 11/16 0.6875 10 21/32 0.6563
7/8 24 13/16 0.8125 9 49/64 0.7656
1 14 15/16 0.9375 8 7/8 0.8750
1 1/8 12 1 3/64 1.0469 7 63/64 0.9844
1 1/4 12 1 11/64 1.1719 7 1 7/64 1.1094
1 3/8 12 1 19/64 1.2969 6 1 7/32 1.2188
1 1/2 12 1 27/64 1.4219 6 1 11/32 1.3438
1 3/4 --- --- 5 1 9/16 1.5625
2 --- --- --- 4 1/2 1 25/32 1.7813
2 1/4 --- --- --- 4 1/2 2 1/32 2.0313
2 1/2 --- --- --- 4 2 1/4 2.2500
2 3/4 --- --- --- 4 2 1/2 2.5000
3 --- --- --- 4 2 3/4 2.7500
3 1/4 --- --- --- 4 3 4.0000
3 1/2 --- --- --- 4 3 1/4 3.2500
3 3/4 --- --- --- 4 3 1/2 3.5000
4 --- --- --- 4 3 3/4 3.7500
Cutting Taps
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TABLES & OTHER Information
Metric Tap Sizes
Pitch
mm inches mm/Thread mm inches
2 0.0787 0.40 1.60 0.0630
2.3 0.0906 0.40 1.90 0.0748
2.6 0.1024 0.45 2.10 0.0827
3 0.1181 0.50 2.50 0.0984
3.5 0.1378 0.60 2.90 0.1142
4 0.1575 0.70 3.30 0.1299
4.5 0.1772 0.75 3.75 0.1476
5 0.1969 0.80 4.20 0.1654
5.5 0.2165 0.90 4.60 0.1811
6 0.2362 1.00 5.00 0.1969
7 0.2756 1.00 6.00 0.2362
8 0.3150 1.25 6.80 0.2677
9 0.3543 1.25 7.80 0.3071
10 0.3937 1.50 8.60 0.3386
11 0.4331 1.50 9.60 0.3780
12 0.4724 1.75 10.50 0.4134
14 0.5512 2.00 12.00 0.4724
16 0.6299 2.00 14.00 0.5512
18 0.7087 2.50 15.50 0.6102
20 0.7874 2.50 17.50 0.6890
22 0.8661 2.50 19.50 0.7677
24 0.9449 3.00 21.00 0.8268
27 1.0630 3.00 24.00 0.9449
30 1.1811 3.50 26.50 1.0433
33 1.2992 3.50 29.50 1.1614
36 1.4173 4.00 32.00 1.2598
39 1.5354 4.00 35.00 1.3780
42 1.6535 4.50 37.00 1.4567
Thread Tap Drill Size
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0.0135 0.343 80 0.086 2.184 44 0.199 5.055 80.0145 0.368 79 0.089 2.261 43 0.201 5.105 70.016 0.406 78 0.0935 2.375 42 0.204 5.182 60.018 0.457 77 0.096 2.438 41 0.2055 5.220 50.02 0.508 76 0.098 2.489 40 0.209 5.309 40.021 0.533 75 0.0995 2.527 39 0.213 5.410 30.0225 0.572 74 0.1015 2.578 38 0.221 5.613 20.024 0.610 73 0.104 2.642 37 0.228 5.791 10.025 0.635 72 0.1065 2.705 36 0.234 5.944 A0.026 0.660 71 0.11 2.794 35 0.238 6.045 B0.028 0.711 70 0.112 2.845 34 0.242 6.147 C0.0292 0.742 69 0.113 2.870 33 0.246 6.248 D0.031 0.787 68 0.116 2.946 32 0.25 6.350 E0.032 0.813 67 0.12 3.048 31 0.257 6.528 F0.033 0.838 66 0.1285 3.264 30 0.261 6.629 G0.035 0.889 65 0.136 3.454 29 0.266 6.756 H0.036 0.914 64 0.1405 3.569 28 0.272 6.909 I0.037 0.940 63 0.144 3.658 27 0.277 7.036 J0.038 0.965 62 0.147 3.734 26 0.281 7.137 K0.039 0.991 61 0.1495 3.797 25 0.29 7.366 L0.04 1.016 60 0.152 3.861 24 0.295 7.493 M0.041 1.041 59 0.154 3.912 23 0.302 7.671 N0.042 1.067 58 0.157 3.988 22 0.316 8.026 O0.043 1.092 57 0.159 4.039 21 0.323 8.204 P0.0465 1.181 56 0.161 4.089 20 0.332 8.433 Q0.052 1.321 55 0.166 4.216 19 0.339 8.611 R0.055 1.397 54 0.1695 4.305 18 0.348 8.839 S0.0595 1.511 53 0.173 4.394 17 0.358 9.093 T0.0635 1.613 52 0.177 4.496 16 0.368 9.347 U0.067 1.702 51 0.18 4.572 15 0.377 9.576 V0.07 1.778 50 0.182 4.623 14 0.386 9.804 W0.073 1.854 49 0.185 4.699 13 0.397 10.084 X0.076 1.930 48 0.189 4.801 12 0.404 10.262 Y0.0785 1.994 47 0.191 4.851 11 0.413 10.490 Z0.081 2.057 46 0.1935 4.915 100.082 2.083 45 0.196 4.978 9
TABLES & OTHER Information
Drill Sizes
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TABLES & OTHER Information
Sheet Steel Gauges and WeightsThickness
Inchesmfg std Mild Steel Galvanized Stainless
3 0.2391 10.000 --- ---4 0.2242 9.370 --- ---5 0.2092 8.750 --- ---6 0.1943 8.120 --- ---7 0.1793 7.500 --- ---8 0.1644 6.870 --- ---9 0.1495 6.250 --- ---10 0.1345 5.620 5.7812 5.793711 0.1196 5.000 5.1562 5.150012 0.1046 4.370 4.5312 4.506313 0.0897 3.750 3.9062 3.862514 0.0747 3.120 3.2812 3.218715 0.0673 2.810 2.9687 2.896816 0.0598 2.500 2.6562 2.575017 0.0538 2.250 2.4062 2.317518 0.0478 2.000 2.1562 2.060019 0.0418 1.750 1.9062 1.802520 0.0359 1.500 1.6562 1.545021 0.0329 1.370 1.5312 1.416022 0.0299 1.250 1.4062 1.287523 0.0269 1.120 1.2812 1.158724 0.0239 1.000 1.1562 1.030025 0.0209 0.875 1.0312 0.901326 0.0179 0.750 0.9062 0.772527 0.0164 0.687 0.8437 0.708128 0.0149 0.625 0.7812 0.643829 0.0135 0.562 0.7187 0.579430 0.0120 0.500 0.6562 0.515031 0.0105 0.437 --- ---32 0.0097 0.406 --- ---33 0.0090 0.375 --- ---34 0.0082 0.344 --- ---35 0.0075 0.312 --- ---36 0.0067 0.281 --- ---37 0.0064 0.266 --- ---38 0.0060 0.250 --- ---
GageWeight lbs/sq ft
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Drill SizesMultiply by To Get Multiply by To Get
Linearinches 25.4 millimeters 0.03937 inchesfeet 0.3048 meters 3.281 feetyards 0.9144 meters 1.0936 yardsmiles 1.6093 kilometers 0.6214 milesinches 2.54 centimeters 0.3937 inchesmicroinches 0.0254 micrometers 39.37 microinches
Areainches2 645.16 millimeters2 0.00155 inches2
inches2 6.452 centimeters2 0.155 inches2
feet2 0.0929 meters2 10.764 feet2
yards2 0.8361 meters2 1.196 yards2
circular mils 7.85398E-07 inches2 1273239.81 circular milscircular mils 0.000507 millimeters2 1972.387 circular milscircular mils 0.7854 mils2 1.2732 circular mils
Volumeinches3 16387 millimeters3 0.0000061 inches3
inches3 16.387 centimeters3 0.06102 inches3
inches3 0.000579 feet3 1727.116 inches3
inches3 2.14E-05 meters3 46663.56 inches3
inches3 0.0164 liters 61.024 inches3
quarts 0.9464 liters 1.0567 quartsgallons 3.7854 liters 0.2642 gallonsfeet3 28.317 liters 0.0353 feet3
feet3 0.02832 meters3 35.315 feet3
feet3 1728 inches3 0.000578704 feet3
feet3 957.506 oz U.S. Fluid 0.001044 feet3
feet3/hr 28.317 liters/hr 0.0353 feet3/hrfeet3/hr 0.4719 liters/min 2.1189 feet3/hrfluid oz 29.57 milliliters 0.0338 fluid ozyards3 0.7646 meters3 1.308 yards3
Massounces 28.35 grams 0.03527 ouncespounds 0.4536 kilograms 2.205 poundstons (2000 lb) 907.18 kilograms 0.001102 tons (2000 lb)tons (2000 lb) 0.90718 metric tons 1.1023 tons (2000 lb)
Forceounces 0.278 newtons 3.597 ouncespounds 4.448 newtons 0.2248 poundskilograms 9.807 newtons 0.10197 kilograms
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TABLES & OTHER Information
Stud Weights
Stud Length #10-32 1/4-20 5/16-18 3/8-16 7/16-14 1/2-13 5/8-11 3/4-10 7/8-93/4 5.9 8.3 12.8 18.8 25.5 34.5
1 7.5 11.0 17.0 25.0 34.0 46.0 70.01 1/4 9.1 13.8 21.3 31.3 42.5 57.5 87.5 133.81 1/2 10.7 16.5 25.5 37.5 51.0 69.0 105.0 160.5 243.81 3/4 12.3 19.3 29.8 43.8 59.5 80.5 122.5 197.3 284.42 14.0 22.0 34.0 50.0 68.0 92.0 140.0 214.0 325.02 1/4 15.6 24.8 38.3 56.3 76.5 103.5 157.5 240.8 365.62 1/2 17.2 27.5 42.5 62.5 85.0 115.0 175.0 267.5 406.32 3/4 18.8 30.3 46.8 68.8 93.5 126.5 192.5 294.3 446.93 20.5 33.0 51.0 75.0 102.0 138.0 210.0 321.0 487.53 1/4 35.8 55.3 81.3 110.5 149.5 227.5 347.8 528.13 1/2 38.5 59.5 87.5 119.0 161.0 245.0 374.5 568.83 3/4 41.3 63.8 93.8 127.5 172.5 262.5 401.3 609.44 44.0 68.0 100.0 136.0 184.0 280.0 428.0 650.04 1/4 46.8 72.3 106.3 144.5 195.5 297.5 454.8 690.64 1/2 49.5 76.5 112.5 153.0 207.0 315.0 481.5 731.34 3/4 52.3 80.8 118.8 161.5 218.5 332.5 508.3 771.95 55.0 85.0 125.0 170.0 230.0 350.0 535.0 812.5
Each Additional Inch
6.5 11.0 17.0 25.0 34.0 46.0 70.0 107.0 162.5
Add for Collar Stud
5.8 7.2 9.0 12.8 13.0
Ferrule Weight 1.8 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 5.0 10.0 12.0
Stud Diameter & Pitch
Weights of Mild Steel Threaded Arc Studs in lbs/1000 Pieces
Stud Length # 6-32 # 8-32 # 10-24 # 10-32 1/4-201/4 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.93/8 1.0 5801.4 7201.6 9001.8 12802.91/2 1.0 11601.4 14401.6 18001.8 25602.95/8 1.0 17401.4 21601.6 27001.8 38402.93/4 1.0 23201.4 28801.6 36001.8 51202.97/8 1.0 29001.4 36001.6 45001.8 64002.9
1 1.0 34801.4 43201.6 54001.8 76802.91 1/8 1.0 40601.4 50401.6 63001.8 89602.91 1/4 1.0 46401.4 57601.6 72001.8 102402.91 3/8 1.0 52201.4 64801.6 81001.8 115202.91 1/2 1.0 58001.4 72001.6 90001.8 128002.91 5/8 1.0 63801.4 79201.6 99001.8 140802.91 3/4 1.0 69601.4 86401.6 108001.8 153602.91 7/8 1.0 75401.4 93601.6 117001.8 166402.92 1.0 81201.4 100801.6 126001.8 179202.9
Each Additional 1/8"
0.4 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.3
Weights of Mild Steel Flanged CD Studs in lbs/1000 PiecesStud Diameter & Pitch
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A) If the power source has a stick welding mode the output terminals and any tools connected are alwayselectrically “hot”. In stud welding mode the output terminals are electrically “hot” only while welding.Use only the proper tool with the selected welding mode.
B) Always protect yourself from possible electric shock.
1) Never allow contact between the electrically “hot” portions of the circuit and your bare skin orwet clothing. Wear dry, hole-free gloves to insulate your hands.
2) Always insulate yourself from ground by using dry insulation when welding in damp locationsor metal floors, gratings or scaffolds and particularly when large areas of your body can be incontact with possible grounds such as sitting or lying down.
3) Maintain all the equipment such as stud gun, electrode holder, ground clamp, welding cableand welding machine in good, safe operating condition.
4) NEVER dip the stud gun or electrode holder in water for cooling.
5) If two welders are connected together, the open circuit voltage can be the sum of the two.Never touch the electrically hot portions of the circuit.
6) If the welder is used as a power supply for automatic welding, the same precautions areapplicable to the automatic unit.
C) When working above floor level, protect yourself from a fall should you get a shock or startled. Neverwrap the electrode cable around any part of your body.
D) Arc burn may be more severe than sunburn.
1) When stud welding, safety goggles should be worn by the operator. A shaded No. 3 lens issuggested.
2) When stick welding, arc-air gouging, or observing the same, use a head shield with the properfilter and cover plates to protect your face and eyes from sparks and the ultraviolet rays of anarc. The filter lens should conform to ANSI Z87.1 standards.
3) Use suitable clothing to protect your skin and that of people around you from the arc rays andsparks.
4) When stick welding or arc-air gouging, protect nearby personnel with suitable, non-flammablescreening and warn then not to watch the arc or expose themselves to the arc rays, hotspatter or metal.
E) Droplets of molten slag and metal are thrown or fall from the welding arc. Protect yourself with oil freeprotective garments such as leather gloves, heavy shirt, cuffless trousers, high shoes and a cap tocover your head. When welding out of position, or in confined areas, wear ear plugs.
F) When in a welding area, always wear safety glasses. Safety glasses with side shields are a mustwhen near a slag chipping area.
G) Move fire hazards to a place safely away from the welding area. Welding sparks and hot materialsgenerated at the welding arc will go through small cracks and openings into adjacent areas.
PERSONAL SAFETY Precautions
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H) When not manual arc welding, place the welding tool where it is insulated from the ground system.Accidental grounding can cause overheating and create a fire hazard.
I) Connect the ground cable as close to the welding area as practical. Ground cables connected to thebuilding framework or other locations some distance from the welding area increase the possibility of thewelding current passing through lifting chains, crane cables of other alternate circuits. This creates firehazards. Overheating of lifting chains or cables can cause them to fail.
J) Welding can produce hazardous fumes and gasses. Use adequate ventilation and avoid breathing thesefumes and gases. Welding on galvanized, lead or cadmium plates produces toxic fumes.
K) No welding should be done in locations near chlorinated hydrocarbon vapors such as degreasing andpainting stations. The heat and rays of the arc can react with the solvent vapors to form phosgene, a highlytoxic gas, and other irritating by-products.
L) Do not heat, weld or cut tanks, drums or containers until the necessary steps have been followed to insurethat no flammable, irritating or toxic vapors can be formed by the residue.
M) Vent hollow castings or containers before heating, cutting or welding. A pressure build up may cause it toexplode.
N) For more detailed safety information, consult the pamphlet, “Welding Safety”, published by the U.S.Department of Health, Education and Welfare, DHEW (NIOSH), Publication No. 77-131. It is alsorecommended that you purchase, read and follow the directions of “Safety in Welding & Cutting, ANSIStandard Z49.1” for $5.00 from the American Welding Society, Miami, Florida, 33125.
POWER SUPPLY SAFETY Precautions
A) Always connect the frame of the power supply to ground in accordance with the National Electrical Codeand the manufacturer’s recommendations.
B) Installation, servicing or trouble shooting should only be done by qualified personnel trained to work on thistype of equipment.
C) Before servicing any piece of equipment, turn off the disconnect switch at the fuse box.
D) When in operation, all covers must be on the equipment.
PERSONAL SAFETY Precautions
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GlossaryAmperage See Current
Arc-Blow The effect where the weld fillet runs away from the ground connection. The electricfields generated during the weld repel the fillet material away from the location of theground. If this is a concern, it can frequently be addressed through the use of doublegrounds.
Bellows The rubber boot that slides over the chuck adapter. This helps to keep dirt, weldspatter and other foreign contaminants from entering the internal gun mechanism.
Burn-Off The amount of stud consumed during the weld. This “burn-off” material forms theweld fillet.
Burn Through A condition where the weld excessively distorts or actually melts through the basematerial. This is caused by an excessively hot weld or by using base material that istoo thin.
Chuck The device that holds the weld stud during the welding process. It fits into the chuckadapter. This is a consumable component and should be replaced when worn.
Chuck Adapter This component of the stud gun holds the chuck and connects to the internal liftingmechanisms. The weld current flows from the weld cable to the lifting mechanism tothe chuck adapter to the chuck and finally into the stud.
Control Cable This is the thin cable that connects the stud gun to the controller. This cable carriesthe trigger signal from the gun to the controller and the lifting voltage back from thecontroller to the gun.
Controller The controller initiates the pilot arc, sends the lift signal to the stud gun, starts theweld current at the right instant, and controls the duration of the weld. The controllercan be a separate “box” or an internal component as in self contained units.
Current The flow of electricity is referred to as current and is expressed in Amperes (Amps).There are two types of current: Alternating Current (AC) and Direct Current (DC).Direct current always flows one way: from negative to positive. DC is polarized whichmeans there is a definite negative and positive connection. Alternating current (the typeyou get from a wall socket) flows back and forth. AC is non-polarized, you can reversethe connections and not alter anything. Stud Welding uses DC current.
It should be noted that current is an electron flow. The amount of current requireddetermines the size (diameter) of the cable needed. The larger the cable the morecurrent it can carry. See resistance.
Ferrule A ceramic shield used in arc stud welding. The purpose of the ferrule is to containsparks, heat and molten metal in the weld zone while keeping gasses and impuritiesout.
Ferrule Grip Holds the ferrule during the weld sequence. This is a consumable item and should bereplaced when worn.
Fillet The ring of weld metal that surrounds the stud after welding.
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Glossary
Flux Ball The flux load is pressed into the end of most weld studs. During the weld process theflux load vaporizes and consumes the oxygen at the weld site. This helps to eliminatecontaminates in the weld itself.
Foot This stud welding component is attached to the legs and it holds the ferrule grip. Thecombination of the legs, foot and ferrule grip determine plunge.
Ground All equipment should be grounded (the exception is double insulated equipment).The reason for grounding is that the voltages used are always at a potential leveldifferent from the ground, and if a good conduction path is established between theequipment and the ground there can be no potential difference developed betweenthe equipment and anyone who is standing on the ground. If any voltage is leaked itwill be conducted away through the ground path rather than through the operator. Forthe equipment to be properly grounded you must be able to read continuity (no resis-tance between the ground pin on the plug and any conductive surface on the equip-ment.
Gun See Stud Gun
Hang Up A condition where the stud gun does not plunge the stud into the weld pool properlyand only a partial weld occurs. This can be caused by the internal mechanismsbinding or more commonly by the stud hitting the ferrule. Remedy by adjusting thefoot.
Lift This motion is essential to the stud weld process since it creates a gap which thecurrent must bridge. This air-gap increases the electrical circuit resistance andgenerates the heat necessary to melt the stud and parent material for the weld. If nogap exists there would be a direct short to the base material and sufficient heat wouldnot develop. Short lift may cause molten metal to bridge the arc gap and seriouslyhamper weld quality. Excessive lift may result in the arc being interrupted andinconsistent which can cause poor weld results.
Pilot arc This is the initiating arc which is first formed while the stud is being lifted off the work.It establishes the path for the weld current.
Plunge The amount of stud, typically 1/8”, which protrudes beyond the ferrule when the studgun is in its normal state. This represents the portion of the stud to be used in formingthe weld fillet. Short plunge may cause incomplete fillet formation while too muchplunge may cause excessive splatter which may also leave incomplete fillets or unevenfillet formation.
Plunge damper A device which slows the rate which a stud plunges into the weld pool. This reducesthe amount of splash from the molten metal and helps to form a uniform weld fillet.This typically is only necessary for stud diameters over 1/2”.
Power Supply The power supply can be external, such as a generator or a transformer-rectifier.Ideally, it should have an open-circuit DC voltage in the 70-120 volt range. The currentrequired depends on the stud diameter to be welded. A general rule of thumb is 100amps for every 1/16” diameter. For example, a 1/4” stud will require 400 amps of weldcurrent. A power supply can also be internal and are called self contained units.Smaller units (1/2” diameter stud capacity) usually hook up to 220 or 440 volt singlephase power. Larger units require 220 or 440 volt three phase power.
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Protrusion See plunge.
Resistance Resistance is the opposition to current flow and is expressed in Ohms. The moreresistance the more Ohms. Whenever electrical flow is impeded by resistance heat isgenerated (it is this heat that allows stud welding to work). For example, a 40 footcable will have twice the resistance of a 20 foot cable of the same type.
Tensile - Proof The maximum amount of pulling force a stud can take with out being permanentlystretched.
Tensile - Ultimate The amount of pulling force required to fracture a stud.
Tensile - Working This is a tensile value based on proof tensile with an additional 25% safety factor.
Tensile - Yield The amount of pulling force on a stud which causes it to be permanently stretched.
Torque The amount of rotation force applied to a stud. This is generally a poor measurebecause so many things like: plating, lubrication and temperature can affect torquereadings.
Torque - Working This is the amount of torque (using a standard coeffiecient of friction of .2) required toachieve the working tensile.
Shear The amount of force a stud can take across the diameter of the fastener.
Shear - Yield The amount of shear force that, when exerted, causes the material to permanentlydeform.
Stud Gun This is the unit the operator holds. It is connected to the controller via the control cableand to the power supply via the weld cable. Besides holding the stud, the gun handlesthe lift, plunge and trigger functions. In other words, the gun tells the controller when tobegin the weld cycle, then it executes all the weld functions from the controller tocomplete the cycle
Time This is the duration of the weld. The general rule is that as the stud diameterincreases, the weld time is increased. In cases where there is limited base materialthickness, shorter than normal weld time is used and the amperage is increased to givesufficient heat to the weld.
Voltage The electrical potential difference from one point to another. Electrical current flow isthe result of an electrical path (such as a wire) being established between two points ofdifferent potential, or voltage levels. If the potentials are continually interchanging andthe current flows back and forth, it is AC voltage. This is the type of voltage a generatorwould provide. On the other hand, if one potential is always higher than the other, suchas a battery, it is DC voltage. In DC the higher potential is called positive and the lowerpotential is called negative.
Weld Cable This is the large diameter cable which carries the power for the pilot arc and thewelding current to the arc stud.