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Illinois mineral industry in 1943 · 4Bituminouscoalandlignite,productionbydistricts,1941-1943 17 5...
Transcript of Illinois mineral industry in 1943 · 4Bituminouscoalandlignite,productionbydistricts,1941-1943 17 5...
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STATE OF ILLINOIS
DWIGHT H. GREEN, Governor
DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATIONFRANK G. THOMPSON, Director
DIVISION OF THE
STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEYM. M. LEIGHTON, Chief
URBANA
REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS— No. 101
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
BY
Walter H. Voskuil and Douglas F. Stevens
PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS
URBANA, ILLINOIS
1944
ffiKs^ATE
'3°51000057483
STATE OF ILLINOIS
DWIGHT H. GREEN, Governor
DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION
FRANK G. THOMPSON, Director
DIVISION OF THE
STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEYM. M. LEIGHTON, Chief
L'RBANA
REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS — No. 101
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
BY
Walter H. Voskuil and Douglas F. Stevens
PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS
URBANA, ILLINOIS
1 944
ORGANIZATION
STATE OF ILLINOIS
HON. DWIGHT H. GREEN, Governor
DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATIONHON. FRANK G. THOMPSON, Director
BOARD OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND CONSERVATIONHON. FRANK G. THOMPSON, Chairman
NORMAN L. BOWEN. D.Sc, LL.D., Geology
ROGER ADAMS, Ph.D., D.Sc, Chemistry
LOUIS R. HOWSON, C.E., Engineering
WILLIAM TRELEASE, D.Sc, LL.D., Biology
EZRA JACOB KRAUS, Ph.D., D.Sc, Forestry
ARTHUR CUTTS WILLARD, D.Engr., L.L.D.
President of the University of Illinois
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISIONM. M. LEIGHTON, Chief
(740GC— 2.000 --l-45>
^JIL,/J'r\0 . i
c I
Q^ ^ SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL STAFF OF THE
STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISION100 Natural Resources Building, Urbana
M. M. LEIGHTON, Ph.D., Chief
Enid Townley, M.S., Assistant to the Chief
Velda a. Millard, Junior Asst. to the Chief
Helen E. McMorris, Secretary to the Chief
GEOLOGICAL RESOURCES
CoalG. H. Cady, Ph.D., Senior Geologist and HeadL. C. McCabe, Ph.D., Geologist (on leave)
R. J. Helfinstine, M.S., Mech. Engineer
Charles C. Boley, M.S., Assoc. Mining Eng.Heinz A. Lowenstam, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist
Bryan Parks, M.S., Asst. Geologist
Earle F. Taylor, M.S., Asst. Geologist
(on leave)
Ralph F. Strete, A.M., Asst. Geologist
M. W. Pullen, Jr., M.S., Asst. Geologist
Robert M. Kosanke, M.A., Asst. Geologist
Robert Ellingwood, B.S., Asst. Geologist
George M. Wilson, M.S., Asst. Geologist
Arnold Eddings, B.A., Research Assistant
(on leave)Henry L. Smith, A.B., Asst. Geologist
Raymond Siever, B.S., Research Assistant
(on leave)
John A. Harrison, B.S., Research Assistant
(on leave)
Mary E. Barnes, B.S., Research Assistant
Margaret Parker, B.S., Research Assistant
Elizabeth Lohmann, B.F.A., Technical Assistant
Industrial Minerals
J. E. Lamar, B.S., Geologist and HeadH. B. WiLLMAN, Ph.D., Geologist
Robert M. Grogan, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist
Robert T. Anderson, M.A., Asst. Physicist
Robert R. Reynolds, M.S., Asst. Geologist
Margaret Copeland, A.B., Asst. Geologist
Oil and GasA. H. Bell, Ph.D., Geologist and HeadCarl A. Bays, Ph.D., Geologist and EngineerFrederick Squires, B.S., Petroleum EngineerStewart Folk, M.S., Assoc. Geologist (on leave)
Ernest P. DuBois, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist
David H. Swann, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist
Virginia Kline, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist
Paul G. Luckhardt, M.S., Asst. Geologist
(on leave)Wayne F. Meents, Asst. GeologistJames S. Yolton, M.S., Asst. Geologist
Robert N. M. Urash, B.S., Research AssistantMargaret Sands, B.S., Research Assistant
Areal and Engineering GeologyGeorge E. Ekblaw, Ph.D., Geologist and HeadRichard F. Fisher, M.S., Asst. Geologist
Subsurface GeologyL. E. Workman, M.S., Geologist and HeadCarl A. Bays, Ph.D., Geologist and EngineerRobert R. Storm, A.B., Assoc. GeologistArnold C. Mason, B.S., Assoc. Geologist
(on leave)
C. Lelaxd Horberg, Ph.D., Assoc. GeologistFrank E. Tippie, B.S., Asst. GeologistMerlyn B. Buhle, M.S., Asst. GeologistPaul Herbert, Jr., B.S., Asst. GeologistCharles G. Johnson, A.B., Asst. Geologist
(or: leave)
Margaret Castle, Asst. Geologic DraftsmanMarvin P. Meyer, B.S., Asst. GeologistRobert N. M. Urash, B.S., Research AssistantRuth E. Roth, B.S., Research Assistant
Stratigraphy and Paleontology
J. Marvin Weller, Ph.D., Geologist and HeadCiialmer L. Cooper, M.S., Assoc. Geologist
PetrographyRalph E. Grim, Ph.D., PetrographerRichards A. Rowland, Ph.D., Asst. Petrographer
(on leave)
William A. White, B.S., Research Assistant
Physics
R. J. Piersol, Ph.D., PhysicistB. J. Greenwood, B.S., Mech. Engineer
GEOCHEMISTRYFrank H. Reed, Ph.D., Chief ChemistH. W. Jackman, M.S.E., Chemical EngineerP. W. Henline, M.S., Assoc. Chemical EngineerJames C. McCullough, Research AssociateJames H. Hanes, B.S., Research Assistant
(on leave)Leroy S. Miller, B.S., Research AssistantElizabeth Ross Mills, M.S., Research Assistant
CoalG. R. YoHE, Ph.D., ChemistHerman S. Levine, B.S., Research Assistant
Industrial Minerals
J. S. Machin, Ph.D., Chemist and HeadDelbert L. Hanna, A.m., Asst. Chemist
Fluorspar
G. C. Finger, Ph.D., Chemist
X-ray and Spectrography\\. V. Bradley, Ph.D., Chemist
AnalyticalO. W. Rels, Ph.D., Chemist and HeadHoward S. Clark, A.B., Assoc. ChemistL. D. Mc\"icKER. B.S., ChemistWilliam F. Wagner, M.S., Asst. ChemistCameron D. Lewis, B.A., Asst. ChemistHerbert N. Hazelkorn, B.S., Research AssistantWilliam T. Abel, B.A., Research AssistantMelvin a. Rebenstorf, B.S., Research AssistantMarian C. Stoffel, B.S.. Research AssistantJean Lois Rosselot, A.B., Research Assistant
MINERAL ECONOMICSW. H. Voskuil, Ph.D., Mineral EconomistDouglas F. Stevens, M.E., Research AssociateEthel M. King, Research Assistant
PUBLICATIONS AND RECORDSGeorge E. Ekblaw, Ph.D., Geologic EditorChalmer L. Cooper, M.S.. Geologic EditorDorothy E. Rose, B.S., Technical EditorMeredith \L Calkins, Geologic DraftsmanBeulah Featherstone, B.F.A., Asst. Geologic
DraftsmanWillis L. Busch, Principal Technical AssistantPortia Allyn Smith, Technical Files ClerkRosemary Metzger, Technical AssistantLeslie D. Vaughan, Asst. Photographer
Consultants: Ceramics, Cullen W. Parmelee, M.S., D.Sc, and Ralph K. Hursh, B.S., University of Illinois
Alechanical Engineering, Seichi Konzo, \LS., University of Illinois
Topographic Mapping in Cooperation with the United States Geological Survey.This report is a Contribution of the Mineral Economics Section.
November 15, 1944.
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2012 with funding from
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
http://archive.org/details/illinoisminerali101vosk
CONTENTSPage
Introduction 9Acknowledgments 10
Summary of production and value of Illinois minerals in 1943 10
Coal 15
Coal in 1943—the national picture 15
Coal in Illinois 19
Distribution 28Lake shipments of coal 29Coal requirements, April 1, 1944—March 31, 1945 31
Coal prices in 1943 33Cost of production of coal 33Degree-days in 1943 39Fuel briquets and packaged fuel 46Coke and byproducts 47
Petroleum 51
Petroleum in 1943 51
Production 51
Prices of crude oil in 1943 51
Supply and demand 51
Reserves 51
Gasoline consumption in Illinois 51
Gaseous fuel in IlHnois in 1943 55
Stone, Rock Products 58
Limestone, dolomite, and calcareous marl 58
Commercial and government-and-contractor operations 58
Agstone used in Illinois 63
Cement 69Lime 69Mineral wool 69
Clays, Clay Products 71
Clays (including Fuller's earth) 71
Clay products (including siHca refractories) 71
Refractories—clay and silica 71
Structural clay products 71
White wares and pottery 71
Building construction 75
Sand and Gravel 76Silica sand 76Ground silica 76Other sand and gravel 76Commercial and government-and-contractor operations 76Tripoli (amorphous silica) 78
Fluorspar 82
Prices. 82Fluorspar in Illinois 82
Zinc, lead, and silver 87
Other minerals 87Ganister 87
Peat 87
Pyrites 87
Sandstone and miscellaneous stone 87
Minerals processed, but not mined, in Illinois 87
Coke and byproducts 87
Packaged fuel and fuel briquets 89Pig iron 89Sulfuric acid 89Slab zinc 89
Ground feldspar 89Magnesium compounds 89Mineral pigments 89Pig lead 89
Expanded vermiculite 89Alumina 89
Phosphates 89
ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure Page1 Value of annual mineral production in Illinois, 1914-1943 .» 11
2 Bituminous coal production districts east of the Mississippi River 16
3 Map of Illinois showing location of principal coal mining districts and coal beds mined 18
4 Map of Illinois showing location of shipping coal mines, and local mines having annual productionof 5,000 tons or more 20
5 Annual production of Illinois coal, classified by mining methods, 1928-1943 286 Degree-day districts, with averages and ranges 407 Annual production of stone (limestone, dolomite, marl) in Illinois, 1920-1943 598 Agstone used in 1943, showing county averages in pounds per acre of arable land 669 Annual shipments of cement and lime by producers in Illinois, 1920-1943 70
10 Annual sales of clays and clay products by producers in Illinois, 1939-1943 7411 Annual production and value of sand and gravel, and silica sand in IlHnois, 1920-1943 7912 Fluorspar, annual shipments and average value, from Illinois mines, 1913-1943 83
TABLES
Table Page
1 Summary of mineral production of Illinois, sold or used by producers, 1941-1943 12
2 Value of Illinois mineral production, summary of annual values, 1914-1943 14
3 National coal output since 1938 15
4 Bituminous coal and lignite, production by districts, 1941-1943 17
5 Production in districts with large all-rail shipments to the upper Mississippi valley, 1941-1943. . . 17
6 Illinois coal production, by quarters, for the years 1940-1943 17
7 Bituminous coal production in the United States, by states, 1939-1943 21
8 Production of bituminous coal in the Eastern Interior coal field, 1939-1943 21
9 Coal production of all Illinois mines, by t\'pe of mine and by counties, 1943 22
10 Production of bituminous coal in Illinois, and in the United States, by months, 1943 24
11 Amount and value of coal produced in Illinois, showing number and type of mines, 1935-1943 25
12 Origin and destination of revenue railroad shipments of coal, from Illinois, Indiana, Western Ken-tucky, and the Appalachian Fields, in 1942 and 1943 26
13 Origin of lake cargo coal, 1941-1943 29
14 Lake cargo shipments and receipts of coal at Upper Lake docks, 1934-1943 29
15 Lake shipments of coal from the Eastern Interior basin, 1943 30
16 Sources of all-rail coal destined for Chicago, 1941-1943 30
17 Sources of coal destined for St. Louis, 1941-1943 30
18 Summary of estimated lignite and bituminous coal requirements during 12 months ending March31, 1945 31
19 Bituminous coal requirements for price areas 1 and 2 during the 12 months ending March 31, 1945
.
32
20 Coal mine prices, January and December, 1943 34
21 Costs of production of bituminous coal, 1936-1943 36
22 Shipments of coal from Interior basin coal fields, July-December, 1943 38
23 Shipments of bituminous coal, by sizes, from Illinois, July-December^ 1943 39
24 Distribution of bituminous coal produced in Illinois, July-December, 1943 39
25 Types of heating equipment, by degree-day districts 41
26 Degree-days for 47 Illinois cities during 1943 and 1944, by months, compared with normal average
over the period during which records have been kept 42
27 Shipments of fuel briquets of domestic manufacture into the Illinois coal market area, 1941-1943. . 46
28 Retail fuel briquet prices per ton in 1943, by cities and months 47
29 Production and value of packaged fuel in Illinois, 1939-1943 47
30 Statistical summary of the coke industry in Illinois, 1941-1943 48
31 Crude oil production in the United States, by Districts and States, 1938-1943 52
32 Production and value of crude oil and related products in Illinois, 1941-1943 50
33 Average value of crude oil in Illinois, 1937-1943 51
34 Crude oil price changes for Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio, 1943 54
35 Stocks of crude oil and refined products in the United States, in Illinois, and in the Central Refining
District, by months, 1943 .
_
54
36 Estimates of proved oil reserves in the states serving the Illinois area, 1935-1944 55
37 Gasoline sold in Illinois, 1940-1943 by months 55
38 Consumption of natural and manufactured gas in Illinois by classes of consumers, 1940-1943. ... 56
39 Gas sales to ultimate consumers in Illinois, 1943, by uses and by months (in thousands of therms).
. 57
40 Gas sales to ultimate consumers in Illinois, 1943, by uses and by months (in thousands of dollars).
. 57
41 Gas sales to ultimate consumers in Illinois, by principal uses, 1939-1943 58
42 Stone (Hmestone, dolomite, and calcareous marl), by uses, sold or used by producers in Illinois,
1942 and 1943 ^^
Table Page43 Limestone, dolomite, and calcareous marl, bv kinds and by uses, sold or used by producers in Illi-
nois, 1943 61
44 Agstone used in Illinois, 1942 and 1943 6245 Agstone used in Illinois, by counties, 1942 and 1943 6446 Agstone produced in other states and used in Illinois, 1939-1943 6347 Agstone produced in Illinois and marketed in other states, 1939-1943 6348 Cement, shipped or used by producers in Illinois, 1942 and 1943 6749 Lime, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1942 and 1943 6850 Mineral wool, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1943, by kinds and by uses 6951 Clays (including Fuller's earth) sold and shipped by producers in Illinois, 1942 and 1943, by kinds
and by uses 7252 Clay products (including silica refractories) sold and shipped by producers in Illinois, 1942 and 1943 7353 Value of building permits issued in Illinois, by months and by type, in 1943 7554 Silica sand, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1942 and 1943 7755 Ground silica, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1942 and 1943 7856 Tripoli (amorphous silica) sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1942 and 1943 7857 Sand (other than silica sand) and gravel, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1942 and 1943 8058 Fluorspar shipped from mines in the United States, 1942 and 1943, by states 8459 Fluorspar shipped from mines in the United States, 1942 and 1943, by uses 8460 Fluorspar shipped from mines in Illinois, 1942 and 1943, by kinds and by uses 8561 Fluorspar shipped from Illinois mines, 1939-1943 8562 Zinc, lead, and silver recovered from ores mined in Illinois, in 1941-1943 8663 Other minerals sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1939-1943 8764 Minerals processed but not mined in Illinois, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1941-1943 8865 Consumption of ground feldspar in Illinois, 1939-1943 89
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
Walter H. Voskuil and Douglas F. Stevens
Introduction
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY in 1943
continued at a high rate of production.
The total value of minerals produced
in Illinois during the year amounted to
$332,186,000 mined and sold or used by
producers within the State. The additional
value of $205,428,000 for mineral materi-
als processed, but not mined, in Illinois,
brought the total value of all minerals pro-
duced and processed during 1943, for which
data are available, to $537,614,000. This
was an increase of $2,050,000, or 0.4 per-
cent, above the all-time high record estab-
lished in 1942, despite a large decrease in
the production of oil. The 1943 record is
the highest ever attained.
For the past two years the resources of
our State and the energies of her people
have been devoted to the prosecution of the
second World War. The need for men and
materials by the industries producing mili-
tary equipment and supplies became increas-
ingly large, and these needs necessarily
caused curtailment of some of the mineral
industries whereas others were stimulated
to greater activity to meet these military
needs.
The changes in amount (or value, where
amounts are not available) of 1943 produc-
tion from 1942, for the principal mineral
materials mined or produced in Illinois, as
shown in table 1, were as follows:
Percentchange
from 1942
Fuller's earth +110Liquefied petroleum gases -|- 56
Fluorspar -)- 23
Lime +20Coal
-I- 12
Silica sand -j- 9
Natural gasoline -j- 8
Ground silica -j- 5
Percentchange
from 1942
Clays + 3
White wares and pottery — 0.3
Refractories — 6
Limestone, dolomite, marl — 19
Tripoli (amorphous silica) — 19
Metals—zinc, lead, silver — 21
Crude oil — 23
Structural clay products — 27Sand and gravel — 31
Natural gas (sold and used as such) . . — 32
Cement — 35
For mineral materials processed, but not
mined in Illinois, the changes of 1943 pro-
duction from 1942 were as follows:
Percentchange
from 1942
Slab zinc, from out-of-state ore + 30
Coke and byproducts + 6
Pig iron + 1
Packaged fuel — 38
Comparing the values of various miner-
als produced in Illinois during 1943, coal
ranked first with a value of $152,827,000
(the highest record since 1923) ;petroleum
ranked second with a value of $119,282,-
000 ; stone, cement, lime, and mineral wool
ranked third with a value of $22,488,000;
clays and clay products ranked fourth with
a value of $18,294,000; sand and gravel,
silica sand, ground silica, and tripoli ranked
fifth with a value of $11,246,000; fluor-
spar ranked sixth with a value of $6,293,-
000 (an all-time high record, which sur-
passed the previous all-time high record of
1942 by 23 percent) ; and metals—zinc,
lead, and silver—ranked seventh with a
value of $1,632,000.
Considering mineral materials processed,
but not mined, in Illinois during 1943, the
total value reported, $205,428,000, estab-
lished a new all-time high record for the
second consecutive vear. Of these mate-
[9
10 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
rials pig iron ranked first with a value of
$126,910,000 (the third year in succession
in which an all-time high record of output
was reached) ; coke and byproducts ranked
second with a value of $38,795,000; slab
zinc, from out-of-state ore, ranked third
with a value of $36,811,000. Other proc-
essed mineral materials are produced in
Illinois in large amounts, but data for them
are not available.
Compared with other states, Illinois in
1943 ranked first in amount and value of
production of fluorspar, ground silica, and
tripoli (amorphous silica) ; third in amount
and value of stone and of sand and gravel
;
third in amount and fourth in value of coal
and of fuller's earth ; fourth in amount and
value of pig iron, and of liquefied petroleum
gases; fifth in amount and value of natural
gasoline ; fifth in value and sixth in amount
of lime ; sixth in amount and value of crude
oil, and of coke and byproducts; sixth in
amount and seventh in value of clays sold.
Illinois ranked fifth among all the states
in total value of mineral production in 1943,
being exceeded by Texas, Pennsylvania, Cal-
ifornia, and West Virginia. In cumulative
value of output of minerals for the period
1911-1941 inclusive, Illinois ranked sixth
in the nation.
Acknowledgments
This report is made possible through the
cooperation of the Bureau of Mines and
the Bituminous Coal Division of the United
States Department of the Interior, the Illi-
nois State Department of Mines and Min-
erals, and the cooperation of mineral pro-
ducers throughout Illinois in furnishing
information regarding their operations.
Each of the sections of this report was
prepared in close collaboration with the
heads of the several mineral research divi-
sions of the Illinois State Geological Sur-
vey. Special assistance and advice were con-
tributed by J. E. Lamar, Geologist and
Head of the Industrial Minerals Division
;
G. H. Cady, Senior Geologist and Head of
the Coal Division; A. H. Bell, Geologist
and Head of the Oil and Gas Division ; and
Ralph E. Grim, Petrographer.
SUMMARY OF PRODUCTION ANDVALUE OF ILLINOIS MINERALS
IN 1943
A summary of the production and value
of Illinois minerals in 1943 is presented in
table 1, with comparative data for 1941 and
1942. Detailed figures for each mineral
are given in the various sections of this
report, to which reference is made in
table 1.
The unit of quantity measurement used
for each mineral product is that commonly
used in the commercial handling of that
material. Wherever possible the net or
short ton of 2,000 pounds is used, but some
products are sold by the gallon, barrel, cubic
foot, or by the number of pieces. In some
materials, diversity of products makes it
impossible to give any measure of quantity.
The value of each mineral product, in its
first marketable form, is given as its net
selling price at point of origin, without in-
cluding any transportation expense other
than that necessary in bringing it from the
mine to the place where it is made into a
marketable product. Wherever possible,
average or unit rates of value are given. Thequantity and value of metals are given, not
as those of the ores, but in terms of the
recovered metals.
Mineral production is considered as those
minerals or mineral materials which are
mined and sold or used by producers in Illi-
nois. Mineral materials which were proc-
essed, but not mined, in Illinois are shown
separately. Every effort has been made to
avoid duplication.
Illinois has attained a position of impor-
tance among the various states in the pro-
duction of several mineral materials. Its
rank both in quantity and value of these
materials is given in table 1.
In order to permit comparison of recent
mineral production with that in previous
years, figure 1 and table 2 are presented,
which show the value of annual mineral
production of Illinois from 1914 to 1943,
inclusive. These indicate the effect on the
State's mineral industry of the first WorldWar and the period of great industrial
MINERAL PRODUCTION 11
550
1914 '15 '20 '25 '30
Fig. 1.—Value of annual mineral production in Illinois, 1914-1943.
activity which followed through 1923, then
a period of gradual reduction through 1929,
followed by extreme reduction through the
depression years, and then gradual increases
through 1937. A temporary decline in 1938
preceded the period of great activity caused
by the second World War beginning in
1939. During 1943 a new all-time high
record was attained for total value of min-
erals produced and processed in Illinois.
MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
Table 1.
—
Summary of Mineral Production of
Material Unit Detail
table
1941
Quantity
Value at plants
Total Av.
Rankamong states
Amt.
Coal—bituminous
.
Petroleum—Crude oil
Natural gas
Natural gasoline
Liquefied petroleum gases
Stone^ Rock Products—Limestone, dolomite, marlCementLimeMineral wool
Clays^ Clay Products
Clays (except fuller's earth).
Fuller's earth
Clay products—refractories.
Structural
White wares and pottery.
Sand arid Gravel—Silica sandGround silica
Other sandGravelTripoli (amorphous silica)
Tons
Bbls.
M. cu. ft.
Gals.
TonsBbls.
Tons
Tons
Equiv. tons
Tons
9,11
32
55,365,835
132,393,00019,052,25654,872,00038,293,000
$100,212,000
172,100,000459,017
2,693,0001.054,000
$1.81
.30
.024
.049
.028
42,43484950
12,206,1366,033,440
246,278
176,306,017
11,104,1048,799,6671,723,850
.91
1.466.99
197,25926 , 676
244,3521,556,420
21,627,621
455,386209,577
4,791,2998,248,5146,553,512
*2.31
7,8719.61
5.32
Fluorspar.
Metals—Zinc . .
Lead.Silver,
Other minerals.
Tons
Tons
Fine ozs.
Tons
60
62
63
2,092,700139,116
5,038,0328,336,247
13,833
20.258,288
2,872,961849,609
2,249,0913,832,278
200,700
1.37•6.10
.45
.46
14.45
15,619,928
133,333
9,1982,376
20,340
10,004,639
3.047,247
1,379,700270,86414,464
* .64
22.85
150.00114.00
.71
31,053
1,665,028
103 , 843 ^3.34
Annual mineral production. ^$333,224,683
Minerals processed^ but not mined.,
in Illinois ^
Coke and byproductsPackaged fuel
Pig iron
Sulfuric acid
Slab zinc (out-of-state ore) . .
Miscellaneous minerals
Tons30,4429,6464
8,9245,461,459
213,749112,723
35,961,00095,431
113,558,6061,814,729
16,908,450
10.6020.798.49
150.00
168,338,216
Total minerals produced andprocessed ^$501,562,899
Revised figures.
Compiled from various sources, as stated in eacli detailed table. See footnotes for each table.
Percent change in value from 1942.
MINERAL PRODUCTION 13
Illinois, Sold or Used by Producers, 1941-1943*
1942 1943
Quantity
Value at plantsRankamong
Quantity
Value at plants Percentchange in
Rankamong
LineNo.
states amount states
Total Av. Amt. Val.Total Av. from 1942
Amt. Value
65,746,204 $123,602,864 $ 1.88 3 4 73,344,761 $152,827,000 $ 2.08 + 11.6 3 4 1
106,391,000 144,800,000 1.36 5 5 82,260,000 111,900,000 1.36 — 22.7 6 6 2* 26,129,000 948,000 * .036 17,812,300 708,400 .04 — 31.8 3* 66,389,000 * 3,252,000 * .049 8 71,615,000 3,847,000 .054 + 7.9 5 5 4* 72,934,000 * 2,000,000 * .027 113,750,000 2,827,000 .025 + 56.0 4 4 5
— *151,000,000 — — 119,282,400 — — 21.0b 6
14,006,556 13,014,429 .93 4 * 3 11,384,167 10,609,062 .93 — 18.7 3 3 7
7,087,400 10,284,111 1.45 10 10 4,595,474 7,094,207 1.54 — 35.2 11 11 8
314,077 2,266,152 7.21 6 5 375,664 2,370,944 6.31 + 19.6 6 5 9— — — — 2,413,834 — — 10
— 25,564,692 — 22,488,047 — — 12.1b 11
* 177,663 * 439,872 * 2.48 6 7 182,620 463,986 2.54 + 2.7 6 7 1230,421 264,611 8.70 4 4 63,909 575,805 9.01 + 110.0 3 4 13
275,456 5,918,118 21.48 260,362 5,379,492 20.66 — 5.5 14
1,135,167 6,326,510 5.57 830,100 4,515,300 5.44 — 26.7 15— * 7,379,387 — — 7,359,559 — — 0.3b 16
— * 20,328,498 — — 18,294,142 — — 10.0b 17
3,103,897 4,055,602 1.31 3,375,744 4,798,982 1.42 + 8.7 18
166,303 1,122,756 6.79 1 1 173,854 1,218,769 7.01 + 4.5 1 1 19* 5,469,306 * 2,627,665 .48 3,552,391 1,763,612 .50 — 34.9 20* 9,350,636 * 4,831,864 * .52 6,680,465 3,295,771 .49 — 28.6 21
12,575 203,390 16.17 1
2
1
4
10,203 168,758 16.54 — 18.9 1
3
1
3
22
* 18,102,717 * 12,841,277 * .71 13,792,657 11,245,892 .82 — 23.3 23
161,949 4,306,750 26.59 1 1 198,789 6,292,789 31.66 + 22.7 1 1 24
9,389 1,746,354 182.00 5,830 1,317,580 226.00 — 37.9 252,344 314,096 134.00 2,114 312,872 148.00 — 9.8 26
104 74 .71 2,250 1,600 .71 — 27
— 2,060,524 — — 1,632,052 — — 20.8b 28
* 36,555 * 134,037 * 3.67
5
29,236 124,142 4.25 — 20.0
5
29
— *3339,838,642 — — $332,186,464 — — 2.3b 30
* 36,576,009 6 5 38,795,067 + 6.1b 6 6 31
4,980 60,001 12.05 7 7 3,081 38,445 12.48 — 38.1 325,871,858 125,662,134 21.30 4 4 5,920,894 126,910,295 21.30 + 0.8 4 4 33215,494 2,036,418 9.45 d d — — 34166,066 * 28,954,646 *174.00 215,850 36,811,380 171.00 + 30.0 35
* 42,849 * 2,436,135 * 56.85 35,855 2,872,624 80.12 — 16.3 36
— * 195,725,343 — — 205,427,811 — + 5.0b 37
— *$535, 563,985 — — $537,614,275 — + 0.4 38
^ Other processed minerals produced in Illinois include pig lead, expanded vermiculite, alumina, phosphates, etc., but data for themare not available.
«* Figures not available.
14 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
Table 2.
—
Value of Illinois Mineral ProductionSummary of Annual Values, 1914-1943**
(In thousands of dollars)
YearMineral
productionof Illinois
(thousands)
Mineralsprocessed, butnot mined, in
Illinois
(thousands)
Totalminerals produced
and processed
(thousands)
191415
16
$117,166114,446146,360234,736271,244213,701
373,926254,019244,618282,761235,796
231,658237,242180,394188,099182,791
148,311108,06671,69374,83789,212
96,484117,916133,437130,155
*215,157
*287,327*333,225*339,839332,186
$ 44,84382,871130,082144,754149,74095,077
137,22854,13685,820142,13195,506
118,702119,642105,099110,622125,516
89,30352,01424,38534,78641,405
57,03878,693104,35950,48286,324
114,814n68,338*195,725205,428
$162,009197,317276,442
17
18
379,490420,984
19 308,778
1920 511,15421 .... 308,15522 330,43823 ... 424,89224 331,302
1925 350,36026 356,88427 285,49328 298,72129 308,307
1930 237,61431 160,08032 96,07833 109,623
34 130,617
1935 153,52236 196,60937 237,79638 180,63739 *301,481
1940 *402,141
41 *501,563
42 *535,564
43 537,614
Revised figures.
Compiled from following sources:
For years 1914-1922, Incl.—U. S. Geological Survey, Mineral Resources of U. S.
1923-1931, " —U. S. Bureau of Mines, Mineral Resources of U. S.
1932-1938. " —U. S. Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbooks.1939-1943, " —Joint canvasses made by Illinois Geological Survey ;
Minerals Yearbooks.II. S. Bureau of Mines, and
COAL PRODUCTION 15
COAL
Coal ix 1943
—
The National Picture
The national coal production in 1943
continued its upward trend although it
showed signs of approaching a maximum.Tonnage outputs and rates of increase since
1938 are shown in table 3.
Table 3.
—
National Coal Output Since 1938^
Tonnageoutput
in thousands
Percentincrease
by years
1938193919401941
1942
1943
348.545394,855460,772514,149580,000589,000
+ 13.3
+ 16.7
+ 11.6
+ 12.8
+ 1 6
^ Compiled from sources stated in footnote ^, table 8.
The rapid increase in 1939 and 1940,
following the depression year of 1938.
merged into the war industry years of 1941
to 1943.
The activity of 1941, based partly upon
the beginnings of our own re-armament pro-
gram and the overseas trade in war mate-
rials, increased into determined haste in
1942 with our entry into the war. B\
1943, much of the plant expansion program
was completed, production schedules in
army lines were attaining the predetermined
goal, and a period of relative stability of
production was approaching. This was re-
flected in the moderate increase of coal pro-
duction in 1943 over 1942.
Changes in production have varied, how-ever, among production districts. Warneeds imposed heavier demands upon some
districts than it did upon others. Trans-
portation difficulties caused some changes
in customary coal movements with their
effects upon individual producing districts.
Illinois enjoyed a considerable increase in
production and also an increase in the per-
centage of the national output. A detailed
description and analysis of the characteris-
tics of the twelve production districts east
of the Mississippi River are given below.
Eastern Production Districts.—Produc-
tion districts east of the Mississippi River
account for nearly 90 percent of the national
output and are the principal source of cok-
ing coal, industrial fuel, and domestic coal.
Competition for markets in the lake terri-
tory and in the Mississippi Valley is vigor-
ous among the domestic, industrial, and rail-
road fuel markets. The market for coking
coal is held almost exclusively by the Penn-
sylvania and southern West Virginia fields.
Description of the Districts.—These dis-
tricts, as outlined and organized by the
Bituminous Coal Division, are shown in fig-
ure 2. In the Appalachian coal region, the
several districts were outlined and delim-
ited primarily on a basis of the nature of the
market served by the district. For example.
District No. 1 in central Pennsylvania
serves mainly eastern Pennsylvania. NewYork. New Jersey and western New Eng-
land markets ; District No. 2 serves the
Pittsburgh and Mahoning Valley steel cen-
ters; District No. 3 is primarily a supplier
of railroad fuel ; Districts Nos. 7 and 8
(West Virginia, Virginia, and eastern Ken-
tucky) are sources of coking coal mainly
for the Chicago district and for domestic
fuel in the Upper Mississippi Valley states.
District 4 (Ohio) serves local markets;
Districts 9 (western Kentucky), 10 (Illi-
nois), and 11 (Indiana) supply industrial
and domestic fuel to the Mississippi Valley.
District 13 is the source of local coking coal
supply for the steel industry in Alabama.
In the Eastern Interior basin, producing
districts are delineated by state lines. In
these districts, differentiation of quality and
use is not as pronounced as in the Appala-
chian fields, and state boundaries serve as
convenient means of setting up administra-
tive districts. District No. 5 (Michigan)
serves local markets.
16 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
Fig. 2.—Bituminous coal production districts cast of the
Mississippi River.
Relative Importance of Each Producing
District.—The relative importance of each
of the producing districts is shown in table
4. This gives tonnage output and percent-
age of the national production for the years
1941 to 1943 inclusive. It is interesting in
that it indicates the effect of the war upon
output of the several producing districts.
Eastern Pennsylvania increases reflected
expanding activity among war production
industries in the Pennsylvania-New Jersey
industrial district. A relative decline in
western Pennsylvania reflects a diversion of
steel output to war materials and away
from civilian goods.
Districts Nos. 7 and 8, the source
of coal for metallurgical coke,
showed a relative percentage de-
cline. This can be explained only
with reference to the peacetime
production conditions in this dis-
trict and the relation to the Illinois-
Indiana-Kentucky producing dis-
tricts. Districts 7 and 8 (WestVirginia, Virginia, eastern Ken-
tucky) normally operated at a
high level throughout the year.
The slack in the coal market did
not affect the group of southern
Appalachian producers since this
normal summer decline in demandis filled by the demand occasioned
by lake movements. There is no
comparable summer market for the
mines of Illinois, Indiana, and
western Kentucky.
The increased tempo of indus-
trial activity occasioned by arma-
ments manufacture also stimulated
demands for the coking and steam
coals of the southern Appalachian
districts. These mines, normally
near capacity operation, did not in-
crease output substantially, but met
the added load in the eastern industrial dis-
tricts by curtailing somewhat their ship-
ments to the Middle West. This latter
market was absorbed by producers in Illi-
nois, Indiana, and Kentucky. This is borne
out by production history in 1941-1943, see
table 5.
The largest increase over 1941 is by the
mines in the State of Illinois.
An examination of the seasonal output
of coal in Illinois in the years 1940 to 1943
shows that a portion, at least, of the
increased output in Illinois was provided by
greater productivity in the summer season.
This is borne out by an examination of
table 6.
Table 4.
—
Bituminous Coal and Lignite, Production by Districts, 1941-1943*(In thousands of tons)
1941
Amount Percentof total
1942
Amount Percentof total
1943
Amount Percentof total
Price Area 1
Dist. 1. Eastern Pennsylvania . .
Dist. 2. Western Pennsylvania.
.
Dist. 3. Northern West Virginia
Dist. 4. OhioDist. 5. MichiganDist. 6. PanhandleDist. 7. Southern Numbered 1.
.
Dist. 8. Southern Numbered 2.
.
50,46979,59532,49429,655
3644,86061,750107,398
9.81
15.486.315.77.07
.94:
12.01,
20.891
Total—Price Area 1
Price Area 2
Dist. 9. West KentuckyDist. 10. Illinois
IndianaIowa
Dist. 11
Dist. 12
366,593
11,74754,70322,4842,939
71.28
2.2810.634.37.57
58,87788,14438,99134,600
3205,324
64,427[19,852
9.9815.206.725.97.05
.92
11.11
20.66
409,535
13,24063,75025,4702,990
70.61
2.2810.994.39.52
Total—Price Area 2
Price Area 3
Dist. 13. Southeastern
Total—All Eastern Districts.
Percent of U. S, total
Total—United States
91,873
16,228
474,694
514,149
17.87 I 105,450
3.15
92.33
20,173
535,158
580,000
18.18
3.48
92.27
59,51084,83241,30231,935
180
5,16463,838119,873
10.11
14.407.015.42.03
.88
10.8420.35
406,634
15,41072,43025,1752,760
69.04
2.6212.304.27.47
115,775
19,460
541,869
589,000
19.66
3.30
92.00
3 Compiled from Weekly Coal Reports, U. S. Dept. Interior, Bituminous Coal Div. and Solid Fuels Adm. for War.Does not include mines with annual production less than 1,000 tons each.
Table 5.
—
Production in Districts with Large All-RailShipments to the Upper Mississippi Vallev, 1941-1943*
(In thousands of tons)
Districts 7 and 8
West Virginia, Kentucky,Virginia
Districts 9, 10, 11
Illinois, Indiana,
Western KentuckyIllinois
Amount Index Amount Index Amount Index
1941
19421943
169,148184,279183,711
100109
109
88,934102,460113,015
100116
127
54,70363,75072,430
100117
133
Compiled from sources stated in footnote ^, table 4.
Table 6.
—
Illinois Coal Production, by Quarters,FOR the Years 1940-1943*
(In thousands of tons)
January-March. . . .
April-JuneJuly-September. . .
October-December
.
Total
1940
Amount
15,7689,22511,17414,443
50,610
Percentof total
31.2318.21
22.0528.51
100 00
1941
Amount
16,4808,63713,96515,621
54,703
Percentof total
30.1215.7925.5328.56
100.00
1942
Amount
16,44215,03215,12517,151
63,750
Percentof total
25.7923.5723.7226.92
100.00
1943
Amount
18,78015,88819,29518,467
72,430
Percentof total
25.9321.9426.6425.49
100.00
* Compiled from sources stated in footnote *, table 4.
18 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SUR\/er
Fig. 3.—Map of Illinois showing location of principal coal mining districts and coal
beds mined (see p. 19).
COAL PRODUCTION 19
Coal in Illinois
The coal output in Illinois in 1943 was
73,345,000 tons, valued at approximately
$152,827,000. After yielding first place
to petroleum in value of output since 1939,
coal again resumes first place among the
value of Illinois mineral products. Illinois
ranks third among the states in amount and
fourth in value of coal output, being ex-
ceeded by West Virginia and Pennsylvania
in amount and by West Virginia, Pennsyl-
vania, and Kentucky in value. The com-
parative position of each coal-producing
state for the years 1939 to 1943 is shown in
table 7.
Table 8 shows the production for five
years in the Eastern Interior basin com-
prising the coal producing districts of Illi-
nois, Indiana, and Western Kentucky. Theproduction history of these three competi-
tive districts and the contribution of each
to the total production of the Eastern Inte-
rior basin from 1913 to 1942 is shown in
table 4 of Report of Investigations No. 94,
page 17.
Illinois coal production for 1943 is shown
in table 9, by type of mine, giving the coun-
ties and mine inspection districts. Local
mines are those which do not ship coal by
rail. A map showing the principal coal
mining districts and coal beds mined is
given in figure 3. A map showing the loca-
tion of the principal coal mines is given in
figure 4.
Seasonal variation in demand for bitumi-
nous coal, as reflected in the production by
months, is shown in table 10. Because of
the heavy demands upon the coal industry
occasioned by the war, the usual summer
slump beginning about April 1 did not
occur. The seasonal decline, under normal
conditions, is more pronounced in the pro-
ducing districts of Illinois, Indiana, and
western Kentucky than in the Appalachian
fields. In the latter districts lake cargo
shipments serve to sustain demand and out-
put during the summer months.
The amount of coal produced and its
value at the mines from 1935 to 1943 are
shown in table 11. The history of produc-
tion and prices since 1913 is given in
Report of Investigations, No. 94, p. 24,
table 7.
The annual production of coal from 1928
to 1943 is shown graphically in figure 5,
classified according to methods of mining.
Map. No.
1
2
3
4
Principal Coal Mining Districts and the Principal Coal Beds Mined(See Fig. 3)
Mining District Coal Beds Mined
Wilmington (y ,,LaSalle (No. 2)
LaSalle, or Third Vein J^""^'^''^^
LaSalle (No. 2)
Rock Island-Mercer (abandoned) Rock Island (No. 1)
Fulton-Peoria Herrin (No. 6)
Fulton-Peoria Springfield (No. 5)
Springfield Springfield (No. 5)
Danville Danville (No. 7)
Danville Grape CreekSouthwestern Illinois
a) Standard Herrin (No. 6)
b) Belleville Herrin (No. 6)
c) DuQuoin Herrin (No. 6)
Centralia Herrin (No. 6)
Murphysboro or Big Muddy (abandoned) MurphysboroFranklin-Williamson Herrin (No. 6)
Franklin-Williamson Harrisburg (No. 5)
Saline County Herrin (No. 6)
Saline County Harrisburg (No. 5)
20 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
LEGEND
SHIPPING MINES
• UNDERGROUND-• STRIP
LOCAL MINES
O UND€RGROUNO
-O- STRIP
-^ BOUNDARY OF COAL MEASURES
Fig. 4.—Map of Illinois showing location of shipping coal mines, and local mines that havean annual production of 5,000 tons and more, in 1943.
Table 7.
—
Bituminous Coal Production in the United States,BY States, 1939-1943^ ^
(In thousands of tons)
1939 1940 1941= 1942 1943
AlabamaAlaskaArkansas and Oklahoma. . . .
Colorado
Georgia and North Carolina
IlHnois
IndianaIowaKansas and Missouri
Kentucky:EasternWestern
MarylandMichigan
MontanaNew MexicoNorth and South Dakota. . .
OhioPennsylvania (bituminous)..
TennesseeTexasUtahVirginia
Washington
West Virginia:
SouthernNorthern
WyomingOther states'*
Total
12,047148
2,3405,923
47,62716,9432,9485,948
34,2668,2911,443457
2,8041,2302,120
20,28992,584
5,185826
3,28513,5311,690
108,362
5,37339
395,699
15,324174
3,1006,589
4251,28218,8693,2316,676
40,3468,7951,503410
2,8671,111
2,28422,772116,603
6,008621
3,57615,3481,650
126,438
5,80817
15,465239
3,3456,948
4055,36622,4842,9397,153
41 , 86011,8501,700
311
3,2541,251
2,38029,319130,240
7,045353
4,07718,441
1,841
140,250
6,64615
461.445 514,812
18,870280
4,1467,990
4465 , 74625,4702,9908,340
46,72713,2401,898320
3,8581,6962,488
34,600143,174
7,425342
5,67019,9001,988
/ill, 486
\ 45,2648,025
19
581,996
17,750300
4,4908,250
3873,34525,1752,7608,375
46,48615,4101,850
180
4,7151,8162,568
31,935141,575
7,160195
5,77019,5001.526
159,620
9,11016
589,915
* Revised figures.» Compiled from the following sources
:
For Illinois—Illinois Department of Mines and Minerals, Annual Coal Reports.For all other states— 1939-1942, inclusive, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbooks.
1943, U. S. Department of the Interior, Solid Fuels Administration for War, Weekly CoalReport, No. W.C.R. 13 89, March 4, 1944.
Figures for Illinois include production of all mines. Those for other states exclude mines having annual productionof less than 1,000 tons each. Production of small mines in Illinois is included in "Total" in this table.
^ Includes lignite.«= Included in "Other States."•* The states reporting are not identical from year to year.
Table 8.
—
Production of Bituminous Coal in theEastern Interior Coal Field, 1939-1943*
(In thousands of tons)
Year
Illinois Indiana West KentuckvTotal
Amount Percent'' Amount Percent^ Amount Percent^
1939 46,78350,610*54,70363,75072,430
65.065.361.562.264.1
16,94318,869
*22,48425,47025,175
23.524.1
25.324.922.3
8,2918.795
*1 1,74713,24015,410
11.511.213.212.913.6
72,01719401941.
78,274* 88 934
19421943
102,460113,015
* Revised figures.a Compiled from U. S. Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbooks, 1939-1942; U. S. Dept. Interior, Solid Fuels Adminis-
tration for War, Weekly Coal Report No. W.C.R. 1389, March 4, 1944. Does not include mines with annualproduction of less than 1,000 tons each. Figures for years 1913-1938 are found in Report of InvestigationsNo. 94, page 17, table 4.
^ Percent of total in Eastern Interior coal field.
22 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
Table 9.
—
Coal PRODUCTION o F All I LLINOIS MINESM](In
MineInspec-
tion
District
County
Shipping Mines
Strip
No.of
mines'Tons
Underground
No.of Tons
Total
No.of Tons
14
1
413
5
10
3
11
7
1
14
3
9
13
3
1
1
214
4
6
7
13
1
4
14
6
42
9
9
14
8
11
4
14
42
2
5
13
14
13
1
12
2
Brown. .
.
Bureau. .
Christian.
Clinton.
.
Edgar. . .
Franklin.
Fulton.
.
Gallatin.
Greene.
.
Grundy.
.
Hancock.Henry. . .
Jackson.
,
Jefferson.
Knox
LaSalle
Livingston . .
LoganMcDonough.Macon
Macoupin.Madison.
.
Marion. . .
Marshall.
.
Menard. .
.
MercerMontgomeryMorganPeoria
Perry
Randolph. . .
Rock Island.
St. Clair. . . .
Saline
Sangamon.
.
Schuyler.
.
Shelby....
StarkTazewell.
.
Vermilion.
Wabash . . . .
WarrenWashington.Will.
Williamson.Woodford. .
.
Number of mines
Total produced—1943.
26
5,827,117
530,683619,189
1,385,935
129,037
2,645,374
891,911
225,248628,401
216,274
48,225
1,545,864791,454
15,484,712
116
34,0676,828,895
382.121
16,684,419210,81123,589
121,4542,047,157
626,440131,801
152,773
5,580,4411,988,015285,768
980,254
413,7221,492,606
1,567,590
1,846,1933,713,5523,138,636
2,221,173
461,845
2,523,50030,087
141
53,486,909
3 Compiled from Illinois Department of Mines and Minerals, Sixty-second Coal Report, 1943.^ Number of mines reporting production during year indicated.c One mine operated both strip and underground.
34,0676,828,895
382,121
16,684,4196,037,928
23,589
652,1372,666,346
626,4401,517,736
281,810
5,580,4411,988,015285,768
980,254
413,7224,137,980
2,459,501
2,071,4414,341,9533,138,636
216,274
2,269,398
461,8451,545,8643,314,954
30,087
68,971,621
COAL PRODUCTION 23
BY Type of Mine, and by Counties, 1943*
tons)
Local Mines County Total
Strip
No.of Tons
Underground
No.of Tons
Total
No.of
No.of
TonsTons
Per-
cent
of
State
total
MineInspec-
tion
District
60118,646
174,604
49,074
66
18,888594
1,392
1,077
26,105
915,000
208
8,013
467
5
2
1
6
6
1
436
5
414
7
9
1246
3
37
1
1
2
44
1,15818,047
34,365
251,65522,094
3754,170
11
80,23940,990
100,107
31,2651,022
46,5001,114
46,241
200291,650
2,73680,091
6,666
53
398,69039,636
59,7663,331
196,99646,354152,150
27,0231,1622,784
129,284185,234
1,0235,73511,260
738,236
477
5
3
1
6
6
2
6
1
437
5
416
7
9
15
46
3
39
1
2
44
60[19,80418,047
34,365
426,25922,094
375
53,244
11
80,23940,990
66100,107
50,1531,616
46,5002,506
46,241
200291,650
3,81380,091
6,666
53
398,69065,741
59,7663,331
,111,99646,354152,150
27,2311,1622,784
129,284193,247
1,0235,73511,260
738,236
10
17
1
49
5
1
1
4517
11
43217
18
16
46
3
44
1
1
42
58
1
60153,871
6,846,942382,12134,365
16,684,4196,464,187
45,683375
53,244
11
732,3762,707,336
626,5061,617,843
331,9631,616
46,5002,506
46,241
5,580,6412,279,665
285,7683,81380,091
6,666980,254
53
812,4124,203,721
2,519,2673,331
3,183,4374,388,3073,290,786
243,5051,1622,784
129,2842,462,645
1,0235,735
473,1051 , 545 , 864
4,053,19030,087
0.29.5.5
22.98.9
.1
1.02.71.02.3
.5
.1
.1
7.73.1
.4
1.4
1.1
5.7
3.5
4.46.04.5
.2
3.4
.7
2.1
5.5
22 326 348 489
1,313,727 3,059,413 4,373,140 73,344,761 100
24 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
Table 9.
—
Summary of Production
1942 1943Percent
Numberof
mines''
TonsNumber
of
mines''
Tons
changein amountfrom 1942
Strip mines:ShippingLocal
28
3014,827,2351,110,446
2622
15,484,7121,313,727
+ 4.4
+ 18.3
Underground mines:
ShippingLocal
58
114513
15,937,681
46,297,3933,511,130
48
116
326
16,798,439
53,486,9093,059,413
+ 5.4
+ 15.5—13.2
627 49,808,523 442 56,546,322 + 13.5
Total coal produced 684 65,746,204 •=489 73,344,761 + 11 6
* Compiled from Illinois Department of Mines and Minerals, Sixty-second Coal Report, 1943.^ Number of mines reporting production during year indicated.c One mine operated both strip and underground.
Table 10.
—
Production of Bituminous Coal in
Illinois and in the United States,BY Months, 1943*
(In thousands of tons)
Month UnitedStates
Illinois
Amount Percent**
JanuaryFebruaryMarchApril
MayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember
Small mines in Illi-
nois *=
Total
47,80449,13156,11449,22047,41734,38552,20752,43252,21449,30344,64354,130
5,7655,9807,035
320270298450410435
5,9905,5366,941
12.0612.1612.5312.8411.1012.4912.3512.2212.3212.1512.3912.82
589,000
915
72,430
915
589,915 73. 345
d
12.43
3 V. S. Dept. Interior, Solid Fuels Adm. for War, WeeklyCoal Reports, No. W.C.R. 13 89, March 4, 1944, No.W.C.R. 1390, March 11, 1944.
'^ Percent of U. S. total production.'^ Mines with annual production less than 1,000 tons each.•^ Illinois Dept. Mines and Minerals, Annual Coal Report,
1943.
COAL PRODUCTION 25
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26 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
Table 12.
—
Origin and Destination of Revenue Railroad Shipments of Coal from(Exclusive of non-
(In
From To:ChicagoDistrict
Illin(
othe
Mil-waukee,Wis.
Wis-consin,
other
CouncilBluffs,
Iowa"
1942
Western PennsylvaniaCentral Pennsylvania, Somerset-Myersdale,
Cumberland-PiedmontFairmont, West Virginia
Northern and Eastern OhioSouthern OhioKanawha, Logan, Kenova-ThackerNew River-Winding Gulf, Pocahontas-Tug
RiverNE. Kentucky, McRobertsVirginia
Hazard, Harlan, S. Appalachians
Ex-river coal
Northern Illinois
Central and Southern Illinois
IndianaWestern Kentucky
Grand total
Percent of change from 1941
5,023
18,147137,776
1,1952,433
2,327,548
,755,335,681,672283,062,341,35941,377820,140,079,795,596,192767,164
29,858,218
+ 15.2
28,642
5,3458,528
183
169,787
488,157109,52450,972
526,070
,127,696,462,090,576,663350,812
19,904,469
+ 18.0
17449
3,258
127,008817577308
2.40575,718298,798
50
509,162
+45.9
7,94135748950
19,840
685,08630,23181,17356,435
183,8781,631,359831,266191,457
3,719,562
+ 10.2
596
394
4843194460
147
63,917218
7,576
73,593
+ 114.9
1943
Western PennsylvaniaCentral Pennsylvania, Somcrsct-Mycrsdalc,
Cumberland-PiedmontFairmont, West Virginia
Northern and Eastern OhioSouthern OhioKanawha, Logan, Kcnova-ThackcrNew River-Winding Gulf, Pocahontas-Tug
RiverNE. Kentucky, McRobertsVirginia
Hazard, Harlan, S. Appalachians
P,x-river coal
Northern Illinois
Central and Southern Illinois
IndianaWestern Kentucky
Grand total
Percent of change from 1942
115,385
24,90553,1561,618
13,9892,351,381
9,439,1893,376,031
338,9282,698,608
12,617933,613
7,266,1893,187,672
961,089
30,774,368
+3.1
21,386
8,6529,396
820
172,296
498,514117,02945,225
469.923
4,915,92112,823,1591,407,702424,638
20.914,661
+5.1
32
154
49
3792,662
157,0511,370905307
652156,140242,675
778
563,154
+ 10.6
13,113340
1,472451
36,191
662,51029,17964,74562,142
196,7081,812,833757,799193,776
3,831,259
+3.0
581
164
500308
11,965171,01927,8576,730
219,124
+ 197.7
a Data from U. S. Dept. Interior, Bituminous Coal Div., Solid Fuels Aclm. for War, and Bureau of Mines, MonthlyCoal Distribution Reports.
b Includes Davenport, Iowa, for shipments from Ohio and the Crescent, and includes Davenport, Bettendorf, and
lowanna, Iowa, for shipments from Illinois, Indiana, and Western Kentucky; excludes East St. Louis, Illinois.
COAL PRODUCTION 27
Illinois, Indiana, Western Kentucky, and the Appalachian Fields, in 1942 and 1943'
revenue railroad fuel)
tons)
St.
Louis,Mo.d
Kan-sas
Citv,
Mo.«
St.
Joseph,Mo. f
Mis-souri,
other
Kan-sas,
other
Ne-braska,
other
Minne-sota
SouthDa-kota
NorthDa-kota
Total
Percent
of
total
1942
39 — — — — — — — — 33,704 —
32,621 871 352 1,616 1,462 1,538 6,617 1,201 — 89,757 0.1
1,128 — — — — — — — — 148,498 .2— — — — — — 42 52 — 2,4702,931
2,954,643
—
219,782 ~ — 327 — 166 11,441 474 — 4.3
640,871 46 401 122 64,318 4,689 11,851,538 17.2474 — — 357 — 976 22,084 1,499 — 2,996,606 4.4
300,981 — — 56 — 105 8,707 1,053 — 747,367 1.1
22,239 — — 870 — 1,742 28,636 1,000 — 4,703,901 6.9— — — — — — — — 41,377 0.1— — 51 12,597 — 24,951 42,133 2,024 6,616,640 9.74,229,879 97,577 10,966 1,831,391 158,356 124,318 496,192 149,833 622 29,419,615 43.1
17,115 234 — 2,480 — 1,060 84,333 1,126 — 6,921,150 10.1
135,184 — 48,406 — 8,846 48,121 19,382 154 1,888,341 2.8
5,600,313 98,728 11,369 1,898,501 159,940 163,702 812,624 182,333 776 68,418,538 100.0
+ 16.9 +797.0 + 150.4 +58.8 + 1084.9 + 100.4 +22.3 +34.4 —66.1 + 18.5
1943
85 — — — — — — — — 136,888 .2
53,181 991 389 1,377 1.718 1,074 7,804 859 127,268 2968 z
- — — — 54 — — 64,7515,303
.1
328,877
— —449
—175 13,875 438
— 14,9793,080,805 4.3
709,201 432 57 76 131,724 6,893 11,688,275 16.2456 — — 307 — 1,015 22,429 2,118 — 3,722,129 5.2
206,278 — — — — 53 7,955 803 — 678,845 .9
28,482 — — 564 — 1,131 29,408 1,335 — 3,888,42012,617
7,724,723
5.4
100 601 _ 12,848 10,750 28,927 3,000 _ 10.74,602,407 376,320 30.580 2,181,694 97,073 223,551 472,311 94,486 911 32,659,132 45.2
14,428 101 — 1,150 9,592 12,319 106,435 5,169 — 6,272,520 8.781,765 ~ — 57,745 — 6,673 45,444 20,380 674 2,117,963 2.9
6,026,228 378,013 30,969 2,256,566 108,440 256,817 866,366 135,481 1,585 72,194,618 100.0
+7.6 +282.9 + 172.4 + 18.9 —32.2 + 56.9 +6.6 —25.7 + 104.3 + 5.5
c Includes Omaha and South Omaha, Nebraska.'^ Includes East St. Louis, Illinois.^ Includes Kansas City, Kansas.' Includes Atchison and Leavenworth, Kansas.
28 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
70
60
-
/
A /
/
/ \ /
-/A / /
50^ \ WoTAL ILLINOIS ^ -n, /
^ /\
\\y /
_,^\/t
i
i
/
//
//
30
-
\ \\ \
\ /
^,y\
/
\ \^^TOTAL/
/
20
//
JNDERGF^OUND /
//
/
\\
1
'-^UNDERGROUND(MACHINE LOADED)
/
/
\ \ y""' ^UNDERGROUND
-T CHAND LOADED) ^^^., '' ,''
10
/
/^\^
y' '\ -^/
11
-STRIP
1
MINED
1A 11 1
1928 *30 "32 "34 36 38 '40 42 '44
Fig. 5.—Annual production of Illinois coal, classified by mining methods.
Distribution
The Illinois coal market area comprises
the States of Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, Mis-
souri, Kansas, Nebraska, Minnesota, South
Dakota, and North Dakota. The principal
producing districts which supply this mar-
ket are Districts Nos. 7 and 8 (southern
West Virginia, Virginia, and eastern Ken-
tucky) in the Appalachian region, and dis-
tricts 9 (western Kentucky), 10 (Illinois),
and 11 (Indiana) in the Eastern Interior
coal basin. Much of the coal consumed in
this area is shipped by rail. Table 12 gives
a detailed distribution report of all-rail coal
shipped into this area during 1942 and 1943,
showing quantities of coal shipped into each
of the principal divisions of the market area
from the various producing localities, and
the percentage change from the preceding
year for each division of the area.
The Chicago Industrial district Is the
focal area Into which enters a substantial
portion of the coal produced In Illinois or
shipped Into Illinois from competing or
adjacent fields.
The Chicago Industrial district Itself Is
one of the large coal consumers In the
nation, both In absolute quantity and In tons
of coal per worker employed. A survey of
coal consumption In manufacturing Indus-
tries In 1939, made by the Bureau of the
Census, indicates that Chicago Is exceeded
only by Pittsburgh as a consumer of coal In
Industry. Both are Important metallurgical
centers.
COAL DISTRIBUTION 29
Table 13.
—
Origin of Lake Cargo Coal, 1941-1943(In thousands of tons)
From
OhioPennsylvaniaMoundsville, West Virginia
Fairmont, Cumberland, PiedmontSouthern West Virginia—low volatile
Southern West Virginia—high volatile
Eastern Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia
Total
1941 1942' 1943'
3,94711,612
3952,5689,01014,2779,585
51,394
,171
,305
358420160
14,7469,295
49,455
4,6828,409406
2,35714,2568,6538,692
47,375
a Monthly Coal Distribution Report, M.C.D. No. 135, March 15, 1943.b Monthly Coal Distribution Report, M.C.D. No. 147, June 13, 1944.
Lake Shipments of Coal
The lake trade in coal has in the past
been exclusively a movement of coal from
Appalachian producing districts. Under a
decision of the Interstate Commerce Com-mission, a reduction in rates on coal from
mines in Illinois, Indiana, and western Ken-
tucky destined to upper lake ports, was
granted. In 1943 a total of 1,062,361 tons
was shipped through the port of Chicago.
The data on lake shipments of coal from
Appalachian fields do not specify the des-
tinations of coal originating in each field.
Some inferences regarding the destinations
can be made, however, from the nature of
the market. In table 13 is shown the origin
of lake cargo coal in the years 1941, 1942.
and 1943. As noted in this table, the bulk
of the shipments come from Pennsylvania
and from the low-, medium-, and high-vola-
tile districts of southern West Virginia and
eastern Kentucky. Shipments from the low-
and medium-volatile fields consist of screen-
ings destined to the coke ovens of the Chi-
cago district. Coal from Pennsylvania is
destined to Upper Lake Michigan and Lake
Superior ports, both in the prepared sizes
and as screenings for domestic and indus-
trial fuel. The heavy demand for coking
coal resulting from the war time expanded
steel industry in the Chicago district caused
a substantial increase in shipments of cok-
ing coal from the low-volatile districts in
southern West Virginia in 1943. Total
shipments fell off somewhat. This is ex-
plained by the heavy w^ar requirements in
eastern industries and a resultant shortage
of coal, other than coking coal, for ship-
ments to the northwest. Total receipts of
Upper Lake ports is shown in table 14.
Table 14.
—
Lake Cargo Shipments and ReceiptsOF Coal at Upper Lake Docks, 1934-1943*
(In thousands of tons)
Bituminouscoal loadedinto vessels
at Lake Erie
ports
Receipts at
Year LakeSuperior
ports
LakeMichiganports''
Totalreceipts
1934...
1935...
1936...
1937...
1938...
1939...
1940...
1941...
1942. . .
1943...
34,86934,73044,01143,64534,17339,83746,54849,73347,81546,059
8,0236,8299,3589,1156,6146,5156,9918,3568,1089,455
4,5354,0435,1144,8223,7584,2294,4364,8305,0684,982
12,55810,87214,47213,93710,37210,74411,42713,18613,17614,437
^ U. S. Bituminous Coal Div., Monthly Coal DistributionReports.
^ Ports on Lake Michigan north of Waukegan.
A total of 1,062,361 tons of coal movedthrough the port of Chicago in 1943 going
mainly to Fort William, Canada, for use by
the Canadian Pacific Railways. The record
of monthly shipments is shown in table 15.
Tables 16 and 17 give data on all-rail
shipments of coal from Appalachian and
Eastern Interior coal fields into the Chi-
cago and St. Louis markets.
Table 15.
—
Lake Shipments of Coal from the Eastern Interior Basin, 1943
»
Month
April...
May. . .
June. . .
July...August.
Tons
38,747121,76292,486153,189180,079
Month
September.October. . .
November.
Total.
Tons
158,212220,11797,769
1,062,361
3 Chicago Journal of Commerce, August 4, 1944.
Table 16
—
Sources of All-Rail Coal Destined for Chicago, 1941-1943(In tons)
1941 1942' 1943'Percent
change 1943from 1942
Western PennsylvaniaCentral Pennsylvania, Somerset-Myersdale, andCumberland-Piedmont
Fairmont, West Virginia
Northern and Eastern OhioSouthern OhioKanawha, Logan and Kenova-Thacker.
New River-Winding Gulf and Pocahontas-TugRiver
NE. Kentucky and McRoberts
Virginia . .
Hazard, Harlan, and Southern Appalachian.
Ex-river coal
Northern Illinois
Central and Southern Illinois.
IndianaWestern Kentucky
1,130
22,908100,233
8591,725
1,483,730
9,360,9471,370,140
222,7903,473,161
523,947
5,272,8133,437,543
650,446
5,023
18,147137,776
1,1952,433
2,327,548
9,755,3352,681,672
283,0623,341,359
41,377820,140
6,079,7953,596,192
767,164
115,385
24,90553,156
1,61813,989
2,351,381
9,439,1893,376,031
338,9282,698,608
12,617933,613
7,266,1873,187,672
961,089
Total 25,922,399 29,858,216 30,774,368
Percent of Chicago total supplied by Illinois 22.3 23.1 26.6
+2,197.1
+ 37.261.4
35.4475.0
1.0
3.225.9
19.719.269.513.8
19.511.425.3
+ 3.
« Monthly Coal Distribution Report, M.C.D. No. 136, April 23, 1943.*> Monthly Coal Distribution Report, No. 148, July 3, 1944.
Table 17.
—
Sources of Coal Destined for St. Louis, 1941-1943(In tons)
From 1941 '^ 1942* 1943 bPercent
change 1943from 1942
24,7711,623
177,927575,529289,35523,997
3,595,64714,41588,963
32,6601,128
219,782640,871301,45522,239
4,229,87917,115
135,184
53,266968
328,877709,201206,73428,482
4,602,50714,42881,765
+ 63.1— 14.2
Kanawha, W. Va + 49.6
New River, W. Va + 10.7
Virginia and Northeast Kentuckv — 31.4+ 28.1
+ 8.8— 15.7— 39.5
4,792,227 5,600,313 6,026,228 + 7.6
Percent of St. Louis total received from Illinois .... 75.3 75.5 76.4
a Monthly Coal Distribution Report, M.C.D. No. 136, April 23, 1943.b Monthly Coal Distribution, No. 148, July 3, 1944.
COAL DISTRIBUTION 31
Coal Requirements,
April, 1944—March, 1945
The Solid Fuels Administrator for Warearly estimated that the requirements for
coal during 1944 and the first quarter of
1945 would be 620,100,000 tons. This was
shown in a table giving allocations to each
of the producing districts for railroad fuel,
retail yards, byproduct coke, coal for manu-
facturing industries, and coal destined to
tide-water and lake trade. Allocations are
also given for coal hauled by truck to local
markets and for coal used at the mines.
A summary of coal requirements for the
period stated is given in table 18.
It should be noted that a total of 143,-
609,000 tons is included in lake and tide-
water transshipments and truck movements.
No segregation has been made into railroad,
domestic, byproduct or industrial for the
quantity of coal thus transshipped.
Table 18.
—
Summary of Estimated Lignite andBituminous Coal Requirements During 12
Months Ending March 31, 1945*(In thousands of tons)
Railroad fuel
Retail yardsByproduct cokeIndustrial and other, including ex-
ports
Lake cargo
Tidewater shipmentsTruck deliveries
Coal at the mine
Total
137,25089,65879,250
155,80355,84542,76445,00014,530
620,100
* Compiled from sources stated in footnote ^, table 19.
In table 19 is given a detailed allocation
of coal for producing districts in the Appa-
lachian and Eastern Interior fields (and
Iowa). These districts are competitive in
northern and eastern industrial districts,
and the allocation and use of coal from
each of these districts is of interest to the
producers.
32 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
o cz o<::r-l O
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COAL PRICES 33
Coal Prices in 1943
Coal prices—mine, lake cargo and retail
prices, were subject to regulations imposed
by the Office of Price Administration. Themost important changes in shipper coal
prices came near the close of the year in the
low- and high-volatile fields of West Vir-
ginia, Virginia, and eastern Kentucky.
These price adjustments were made to take
care of increased operating costs involving
higher wages and other items which go into
the expense of producing a ton of coal. At-
the-mine prices of coal moving into the Illi-
nois coal market area in 1943 at the begin-
ning and end of 1943 are shown in table 20.
Freight Rates.—The Interstate Com-merce Commission on April 12, 1943, tem-
porarily cancelled the general freight rate
increases, which had gone into eiiect March
18, 1942. The cancellation became effec-
tive May 15, 1943 to January 1, 1944, and
was later amended to extend to July 1,
1944.
Cost of Production of Coal
The Bituminous Coal Act of 1937
empowered the administration of the act to
determine the cost of production of coal.
The elements comprising costs were specifi-
cally itemized in the act and included "the
cost of labor, supplies, power, taxes, insur-
ance, workmen's compensation, royalties,
depreciation and depletion (as determined
by the Bureau of Internal Revenue in the
computation of the Federal income tax),
and all other direct expenses of production,
coal operators' association dues, district
board assessments for Board operating ex-
penses only levied under the code, and rea-
sonable costs of selling and the cost of
administration."
From time to time, the Bituminious Coal
Division has made public the average costs
of coal production, averaged for producing
districts. These average costs, for periods
varying from several months to a year, and
covering the years 1936 to 1943, are shown
in table 21.
For the last six months of 1943, the
Solid Fuels Administrator for War has
released data on the distribution of coal in
considerably greater detail than has hereto-
fore been available. Data are given on size
distribution, destination of the coal, and dis-
tribution by use. These are shown in tables
22 to 24.
34 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
Table 20.
—
Coal Mine Prices, January and December, 1943*(Per ton)
January, 1943 December, 1943
Southern Illinois
Freight rate to Chicago, $2.05 a ton
LumpEggNutWashed screenings
Screenings
Mine Run
Central Illinois
Freight rate to Chicago, $1 .75 a ton
LumpEggNutWashed screenings
Screenings
Mine run
Indiana, No. 4Freight rates to Chicago, 31 .65 and $1 .75 a ton
LumpEggStoker NutNutScreenings
Mine run
Indiana, No. 5
Freight rates to Chicago, $1 .65, $1 .87, 31 .90 a ton
LumpEggStoker nutNut.Screenings
Mine run
West Virginia Smokeless, New River and PocahontasFreight rates to Chicago, 33.39 a ton
LumpEggStoveNutStoker peaMine run (Dom.)Straight mine runSlack
Briquets
Eastern Kentucky, Millers Creek—Great HeartFreight Rate to Chicago, 33.19 a ton
BlockFurnaceSmall eggStoker nutScreenings
East Kentucky, West Virginia, High Volatile
Freight rate to Chicago, 33.19 a ton
BlockFurnaceSmall eggStoker nutScreenings
^E-
2.55-
2.10-
3.353.303.002.201.902.60
2.45- 2.702.40- 2.602.05- 2.451.75- 2.251.45- 1.702.00- 2.25
2.50- 2.752.40- 2.651.75- 2.201.75- 2.201.65- 1.852.30- 2.40
2,25- 2.402.25- 2.401.65- 1.902.10- 2.251.55- 1.702.20- 2.25
3.35-3,40-3,25-3 00-3.00-3.25-2.85-2.20-
4.0515
75
15
10
35
006035
4.003.35- 3.753.00- 3.053.35- 3.602.45- 2.55
3.10- 3.452.75- 3.05
3.203.05- 3.252.20- 2.35
3.353.30
55- 3.0010- 2.35
2.052.60
2.45- 3.002.40- 2.602.05- 2.501.75- 2.401.60- 2.102.25- 2.65
2.70- 2.952.60- 2.851.95- 2.401.95- 2.401.85- 2.052.50- 2.60
65-65-10-40-35-70-45-
2.70-
3.002.602.102.451.902.45
4.354.454.153.553.453.803.652.904.70
4.354.353.504.052.70
3.10- 3.452.75- 3.05
3.203.05- 3.252.75- 2.80
COAL PRICES
Table 20.—(Concluded)
35
West Kentucky, No. 9 and No. 11
Freight rate to Chicago, $2.40 a ton
Lump, 6"
Egg, 6"x3"Stoker nutScreenings
Mine run
Western Kentucky, No. 6
Freight rate to Chicago, $2.40 a ton
Lump, 6"
Egg, 6"x3"Stoker nutScreenings
Western Kentucky, No. 14
Freight rate to Chicago, $2.40 a ton
Lump, 6"
Egg,6"x3"Nut,3"x2"ChestnutScreenings, 2"
AnthraciteFreight rate to Chicago from mines in Pennsylvania, $4.26 a ton
Grate, egg, stove, chestnut
PeaBuckwheatRice
CokeF.o.b. dealers yards in Chicago, f.o.b. ovens, 75 cents a ton less
Egg, range, nutPeaFoundry (at Chicago ovens)
December, 1943
2.252.15
1.75- 1.851.35- 1.65
2.10
2.802.60
2.70- 3.002.25- 2.45
2.502.452.252.102.05
8.006.454.803.85
9.5010,3012.30
3 From "Chicago Journal of Commerce.
36 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
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COST OF PRODUCTION 37
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38 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
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DEGREE DAYS 39
Table 23.
—
Shipmexts of Bituminous Coal by Sizes, froni Illinois, July-December. 1943*^
(In tons)
Amount Percent
All lump coal and all double screened coal with top size over 2 inches.
All double screened coal with top size not exceeding 2 inches
Modified mine-run, domestic mine-run, screened mine-run, and altered mine-run and minus resultant with top size over 2 inches
All minus resultant and dedusted screenings with top size over ^/i inch and notexceeding 2 inches
All minus resultant and dedusted screenings with top size not exceeding ^ inch
Total
Size not reported
Coal used at mines
12,031,270 35.08
1,986,120 5.79
6,613,877 19.29
11,943,578 34.83
1,719,830 5.01
34,294,675 100.00
1,317,963
535,285
Grand total 36 , 147 , 923
a Data from U. S. Dept. Interior, Bureau of Mines, Monthly Coal Distribution Report No. 146, May 27, 1944.
Table 24.
—
Distributiox of Bituminous Coal Produced in Illinois,
July-December, 1943 -"^
(In tons)
Disposal Amount Disposal Amount
All-rail, river, and ex-river^ (excluding
railroad fuel)
19,893,6241,539
11,994,690
512
385.920
Distributors or wholesalers (destination
and use unknown) 66,059
United States
CanadaAlaskaExport
Railroad fuel
Storage piles
Truck
Private railroads, tramways and con-
veyors
Coal used at mines
Total
3,559
3,208,042
58,693
Tidewater
535,285
36,147.923
Lake Percentage of estimated production . . . 95.3
a Data from U. S. Dept. Interior, Bureau of Mines, Monthly Coal Distribution Report No. 146, May 27, 1944.^ Also includes byproduct and smithing coal shipped by all other methods of transportation except by lake and tide-
water.
Degree-Days in 1943
Because of the close relationship between
the number of degree-days accumulated dur-
ing the heating season and the quantity of
fuels consumed, a degree-day map of Illi-
nois and a table showing degree-day records
for the past heating season compared with
the normal is useful in estimating domestic
fuel consumption. In this issue a modified
degree-day map has been prepared in which
county boundaries are used to mark the
boundaries of degree-day belts. While this
results in some inaccuracies, the purpose is
to show the number and types of heating
units in each degree-day belt. Since these
latter are reported by county units only, it
was necessary to prepare a map in which
40 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
7000(6750-7250)
6000(5750- 6250)
5500( 5250- 5 750) I hancock
'"'^^^'Q^'^"I
^"^^^o^
5000(4750 - 5250)
4 500(4250 - 4750)
4000(3 750- 4250)\ ^^'°^
Fig, 6.—Degree-day districts, with averages and ranges. Degree-davs are the number ofdegrees of temperature that the average daily temperature falls below 65° F.,and are totaled tor the heating season.
DEGREE DAYS 41
boundaries of degree-day belts conformed
to the nearest county boundary.
Degree-days are the number of degrees
of temperature that the average temperature
for each day falls below 65° Fahrenheit.
These are totaled for each month and a
cumulative total for the heating season
through each month is determined. These
data averaged over a long period of time
give a reliable guide to the fuel needs of the
locality in which the temperatures are re-
corded. This information is given in table
16, Report of Investigations No. 87.
Figure 6 shows the modified degree-day
belts of the state numbered from I to VIII.
District VIII comprises St. Louis City and
county and is included in the tabulations be-
cause of the interest of the Illinois coal
industry in this large market.
In table 25 is show^n the number of heat-
ing units by each type of fuel used, for each
of the degree-day belts outlined on the map.
Table 25.
—
Types of Heating Equipment, by Degree-Day Districts*
Units With Central Heating
District No. Coal Wood Gas Fuel oil TotalOther fuel
and notreporting
1
2
3
45
67
60,076807,045101,484140,60455,46436,1699,426
45,379134,419
1,2501,099
841
535680163
34
12956
1,16630,1001,4355,420
804127
13
4,8683,650
5,82046,3663,3013,109
85472040
6,4864,802
68,312884,610107,061149,66857,80237,1799,513
56,862142,927
68512,138
8722,741
78324082
8 St. Louis, Mo.St. Louis CountySt. Louis City. . .
2041,399
Total 1,390,066 4,787 47,583 71,498 1,513,934 19,144
Units Without Central Heating
District No. Coal Wood Gas Fuel oil
Gas
Kero.Total
Other fuel
and notreporting
None
1
219,753
224,89657,043112,72790,88178,04348,115
13,42283,434
3,0023,9914,3198,847
28,59514,8957,777
1,671295
117
5,529238864
1,64170426
130752
3,95887 , 6423,0082,1681,712
636126
6562,928
152581
294357858278102
136156
26,982322,63964,902124,963123,68794,55656,146
16,01587,565
961,235319495581
258162
62272
26318
3 6945
79105
6 487 87
8 St. Louis, Mo.St. Louis Co.
.
St. Louis City25
247
Total 728,314 73,392 10,001 102,834 2,914 917,455 3,480 1,004
3 Source: U. S. Census, Housing, Illinois, 2nd. Series.
42 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
Table 26.
—
Degree-Days for 47 Illinois Cities During 1943-1944, by Months,Compared with Normal Average Over the Period During Which
Records Have Been Kept^
Degree-days are the number of degrees
Fahrenheit. These are totaled for each monof temperature that X.\
h and compared withe averagenormal mor
temperature for each dthly averages.
ay falls below 65°
MonthAurora
(Pop. 47,170) bBloomington(Pop. 32,868)
Cairo(Pop. 14,407)
Carbondale(Pop. 8,550)
M^ A<= M A M A M A
September 150403930
1.1781.085783
1,02360031
30403810
1,1781,3331,120930510186
90372840
1.1781.054899930420
310720
1.0851,2091,31680630062
35186570899806
1.276527210
155
510806899756527210
65
217630961868
1,189651
270
October 155November 540December 868January 930FebruaryMarchApril
Mav
784558240
Total 6,183 6,500 5.783 5,808 4,509 3,863 4,851 4.075
Departure from Normal —317 —25 +646 +776
MonthCarlinville
(Pop. 4,965)
Charleston(Pop. 8,197)
Chicago(Pop. 3,396,808)
Danville(Pop. 36,919)
September 87
248750
1,116961
1,015806420
248630992
1,11692468233031
96279750
1,085961
1,015806390
279660992
1,11695271336093
90341
8701,1471,054
841
99263093
30341750
1,1161,271
1,064899540248
90372810
1,1471,023928868450
October 279NovemberDecember
6901.0541.147980
March 744April
May39062
Total 5,403 4,953 5,382 5,165 6,058 6,259 5,688 5,346
Departure from Normal +450 +217 —201 +342
MonthDecatur
(Pop. 59,305)
Dixon(Pop. 10,671)
Effingham(Pop. 6,180)
Flora
(Pop. 5,474)
September 92279750
1,116961
1,015837420
279690
1,0541,1781,00874436062
120372900
1.1471,085
812992540
30403810
1,2091,3641,148899480155
60341780
1,147992986837420
248660992
1,08592468233031
79248660992899
1,131713300
OctoberNovemberDecemberJanuaryFebruaryMarchApril
248630961
1,054896650300
Mav . 31
Total 5,470 5,375 5,968 6.498 5,563 4,952 5,022 4,771
Departure from Normal +95 —530 +611 +251
Footnotes are given at end of table.
DEGREE DAYS 43
Table 26.—(Continued)
MonthFreeport
(Pop. 22,366)
Galva(Pop. 2,812)
Greenville
(Pop. 3,391)
Harrisburg(Pop. 11,453)
M A M A M A M A
September 210465960
1,2401,178754
1,08563031
60434840
1,2401,4261,176
961
510186
60341
8401,1471,023
870930510
341780
1,1781,3021,120
837450124
83248720
1,085930
1,073744360
248660992
1,08592468230031
62217600930837
1,218589240
October 155NovemberDecemberJanuaryFebruaryMarchApril
May
510837930784527240
Total 6,553 6,833 5,721 6,132 5,243 4,922 4,693 3,983
Departure from Normal —280 —411 +321 +710
Month Havana(Pop. 3,999)
Hoopeston(Pop. 5,381)
Jacksonville
(Pop. 19,844)
JoHet(Pop. 42,365)
September 30310810
1,1471,023957868450
270690
1,0541,1781,008744360155
90341
8401,1781,023899930480
341
6901,0851,1781,00877542093
30310750
1,147992
1,015806420
279660
1,0541,14798074436062
180434930
1,2091,085783
1,02360031
30October 372November 750December 1,036January 1,271February 1,120March 868April 480May 155
Total 5,595 5,459 5,781 5,590 5,470 5,286 6,275 6,082
Departure from Normal + 136 + 191 + 184 + 193
Month Kankakee(Pop. 22,241)
LaHarpe(Pop. 1,322)
Lincoln
(Pop. 12,752)
McLeansboro(Pop. 2,528)
September 90372840
1,1161,023
870961
510
30341
7201,1161,2401,008806480155
60310840
1,1471,023899899480
310720
1,1161,2091,064
80642093
60310750
1,147992957837450
310690
1,0541,1781,00877539062
248630930837
1,218620240
October 186November .... 570December 899January . . 1,023FebruaryMarch. . . .
840620
April. . .
.
270May. . .
.
Total 5,782 5,896 5,658 5,738 5,503 5,467 4,723 4,408
Departure from Normal —114 —80 +36 +315
44 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
Table 26 .—(Continued)
MonthMarengo
(Pop. 2,034)
Mascoutah(Pop. 2,294)
Minonk(Pop. 1,897)
Monmouth(Pop. 9,096)
M A M A M A M A
September 150434930
1,2091,116754
1,05463031
90465870
1,2711,4261,2041,023
570210
66248660
1,023899
1,131682300
217630930
1,023868620300
120341
8701.1471,054
841
961540
30341
7501,1471,271
1,09283745093
90372870
1,1781,054
841
930540
30October 341
November 750
December 1,1471,302
Febraury 1,092
March 806
April 420
May 31
Total 6,308 7,129 5,009 4,588 5,874 6,011 5,875 5,919
Departure from Normal —821 +421 —137 —44
MonthMt. Carmel(Pop. 6,987)
Mt. Carroll
(Pop. 1,845)
Mt. Vernon(Pop. 14,724)
New Burnside
62217630961837
1,189651
240
186600930992868589300
150434930
1,1781,085783
1,023570
60434840
1,2401 , 3641,176930510186
65
248660
1,023899
1,160713300
217600930
1,023868620300
77248630961
8991,189620300
October 155
540
December 868
January 930
February 756
March 558
April
May270
Total 4,787 4,465 6,153 6,740 5,068 4,558 4,924 4,077
Departure from Normal +322 —587 + 510 + 847
MonthPalestine
(Pop. 1,626)
Pana(Pop. 5,966)
Paris
(Pop. 9,281)
Peoria
(Pop. 105,087)
September . . . 92279720
1,054930
1,102713330
240651
961
1,08589668233031
101
279720
1,116961
1,044806390
279660
1,0231,14795271336062
30310750
1,116961
1,015806390
279690
1,0541,14798077539062
90341
870
1,2091,054
841
961
540
October 372
NovemberDecember
7801,1161,271
February 1,036
March 806
April 420
May 93
Total 5,220 4,876 5,417 5,196 5,378 5,377 5,906 5,894
Departure from Normal +344 +221 + 1 + 12
DEGREE DAYS 45
Table 26.—(Concludedj
MonthPontiac
(Pop. 9,585)
Quincv(Pop. 40,469)
M M
Rockford(Pop. 84,637j
M
Rushville
(Pop. 2,480)
M
SeptemberOctoberNovemberDecemberJanuaryFebruaryMarchApril
May
Total
Departure from Normal
90341
8401,1471,023899930480
5,750
+71
30310690,085
,209
,036
80642093
5,679
71
279750,116
992986806420
217630992,147
924713330
5,420 4,953
+467
120403900
1,1781,085
812
1,023600
30403810
,209
,364
,176
930510186
6,121 6,618
—497
60310810
1,1781,023928868480
279720
1.0541,1781,00874436062
5,657 5,405
+252
Month
SeptemberOctoberNovemberDecemberJanuaryFebruaryMarchApril
May
Total
Departure from Normal
Sparta(Pop. 3,664)
49186630961
8371,189
651
270
4.773
186570899992840589270
4,346
Springfield
(Pop. 75,503)
80248750
1,116961986837420
5,398
279690,023
,147
98074436062
5,285
Sycamore(Pop. 4,702)
122434930
1,1781,116
783
1,054600
6,217
60434840
1,2091,3641,176
961540217
Urbana(Pop. 14,064)
6.801
60310810
1,147992928899450
5.596
30310720
1,0851,1781.008
775450124
5.680
+427 + 113 —584 -84
Month Walnut(Pop. 961)
Waukegan(Pop. 34,241)
SeptemberOctoberNovemberDecemberJanuaryFebruaryMarchApril
May •.
Total
Departure from Normal
90403870
1,1471,054
870961
540
5,935
-224
30341
7801,1781,3021,120
868
45090
150372840
1,1781,085
812
1,023660124
6,159 6,244
-350
30403780
1.1471,3021,092
961
600279
White Hall(Pop. 3,025)
6,594
80248720
1.116961
1,0447751
390i
279660
1,023
5,334
+227
147
92471333031
5.10/
^ Compiled from U. S. Dept. of Commerce, Weather Bureau: Climatoloj-'ical Data.^ Population from Sixteenth Census of the United States, 1940.^ Column M^Monthly total for 1943-44 heating season.
Column A =: Normal monthly average for entire period during which records have been kept.
Geol. Survey, Rep. Inv. No. 87, table 16.)
(See Illinois
46 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
Fuel Briquets and Packaged fuel
Production.—The principal locations for
production of briquets are : ( 1 ) in the dock
cities of the lake states, where enormous
quantities of fines accumulate as a conse-
quence of the rough handling of the coal in
transit; and (2) in the coal producing dis-
tricts of West Virginia and Pennsylvania,
where the nature of the coal results in a high
percentage of fines being produced in the
process of mining. Minor quantities are
produced in other eastern and central states
and on the Pacific coast.
Productioji of Briquets.—The total out-
put of briquets in the United States in 1943
was 2,163,998 tons valued at $15,291,109,
of which 1,493,368 tons, or 42.5 percent of
the total output, was produced in the cen-
tral states.
The states in the Upper Mississippi Val-
ley in 1943 increased their lead over the
remainder of the country as consumers of
fuel briquets. Major consumers in this
area in order of importance are Wisconsin,
Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, South
Dakota, and Illinois.
Briquets marketed in Wisconsin and
Minnesota are manufactured mainly from
low-volatile coal screenings obtainable on
the lake docks and produced as a result of
the double handling of coal from rail to lake
and back to rail again at upper lake docks.
In North Dakota and South Dakota, the
market is supplied by briquets manufactured
from the lignites of North Dakota.
Table 27 gives the shipments of fuel
briquets of domestic manufacture into the
Illinois coal market area in 1941, 1942, and
1943.
Table 27.
—
Shipments of Fuel Briquets ofDomestic Manufacture into the Illinois
Coal Market Area, 1941-1943(In tons)
Destination 1941^ 1942 b 1943 b
Illinois 50,39845,93431,6084,9575,734
244,76782,95423,99280,13664,026
220,939
65,70948,86847,39210,7314,954
303,497172,26935,11196,91273,744
317,627
85,174IndianaIowa
48,07161,150
KansasKentuckyMinnesotaMissouri
NebraskaNorth Dakota. .
South Dakota . .
Wisconsin
12,0183,757
487.122202,56238,69394,17284,585
425,258
Total 855,445 1,176,814 1,542,562
Total—UnitedStates 1,256,964 1,600,300 1,970,145
Percent of U.S.total 68.0 73.6 78.3
a Mineral Market Report MMS No. 1083, June 23, 1943.'J Mineral Market Report MMS No. 1175, May 26, 1944.
The production of fuel briquets in Illi-
nois is increasing, an important part of this
production being made from deduster dust,
a byproduct obtained in the preparation of
stoker fuel from southern Illinois coal. It
is impossible to publish data on the pro-
duction of fuel briquets in Illinois without
revealing operations of individual concerns.
FVEL BRIQUETS 47
Table 28.
—
Retail Fuel Briquet Prices per Ton in 1943, by Cities and Months"
Month
JanuaryFebruaryMarchApril
MayJuneJulyAugustSeptember. . .
.
OctoberNovember. . . .
December. . . .
Chicago^ Loi Milwaukee Minneapolis St. Louis^ St. Paul
$12.2212.2912.3912.3612.3612.31
12.4112.4112.4112.41
12.4112.67
58.76
8.849.049.119.209.189.239.239.249.249.249.36
$11.7811.7811.7811.7912.2312.2412.4212.4912.5212.5212.5212.55
$13.1113.1313.4913.4913.4913.7213.8814.0914.0914.0914.0914.09
$10.9110.9111.1311.1311.1311.2511.2511.2511.2511.2511.2511.59
$13.1113.1213.4813.4913.4913.6813.8614.0914.0914.0914.0914.09
a Mineral Market Report MMS No. 1175.^ Includes 2 percent sales tax.
Prices.—Retail prices of fuel briquets in
1943, by months, in cities of the Upper Mis-
sissippi Valley are shown in table 28.
Table 29.
—
Production and Value of PackagedFuel in Illinois, 1939-1943*
Year Amounttons
Value at plants
Numberot plantsTotal Average
1939...1940...1941 . .
.
1942...1943b..
3,9983,8138,9244,9803,081
$40,48736,53195,43160,00138,445
$10.109.6010.6012.0512.48
5
6
6
6
4
3 U. S. Dept. Interior, Minerals Yearbooks.^ Mineral Market Report MMS No. 1175.
Production of packaged fuel in Illinois
decreased during 1943, as shown in table 29.
This was probably due to labor shortage and
to scarcity of coal dust from the rehandling
of coal.
Coke and Byproducts
The year 1943 witnessed a new high in
coke production in Illinois in response to
the heavy demand of the iron and steel
industry for metallurgical fuel. A statis-
tical summary of the coke industry in Illi-
nois is given in table 30.
48 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
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COKE AND BYPRODUCTS 49
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50 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
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PETROLEUM 51
PETROLEUM
Petroleum in 1943
Petroleum, in the year 1943, was one of
the critical war materials. The war de-
mands for aviation gasoline, for naval fuel
oil, and for the vast motor transport fleets
of the armed forces, rose to unprecedented
demands. Production rose to a level of
1,503,176,000 barrels to meet this extraor-
dinary war demand—an increase of 8.4 per-
cent over 1942.
Illinois is now sixth among oil produc-
ing states of the nation, having been sur-
passed by Kansas for fifth place, and is nowexceeded by Texas, California, Louisiana,
Oklahoma, and Kansas, as shown in table
31.
Production
Summary statistics of the petroleum in-
dustry in Illinois are presented in table 32,
w^hich gives the production and value of
crude petroleum, natural gas, natural gaso-
line, and liquefied gases.
Prices of Illinois Crude Oil in 1943
The price of crude oil as posted on May21, 1941, was $1.22 for the old fields, $1.32
for the Carmi-Storms area, and $1.37 for
the basin fields. It remained unchangedthroughout 1942 and 1943. The weighted
average price of crude petroleum in Illinois
in 1942 was $1.36. Under the authority of
the Office of Price Administration, maxi-
mum prices on crude oil were established
under Maximum Price Regulation No. 88,
issued February 2, 1942. This regulation
established, as a maximum or ceiling price
at the well for crude oil, the posted price in
effect, on October 1, 1941. The average
value of crude oil in Illinois, 1937-1943, is
shown in table 33.
Posted prices of crude oil by principal
purchasers for the year 1943 are shown in
table 34.
Table 33.
—
Average Value of Crude Oil in
Illinois, 1937-1943*
(Per barrel at wells)
1937 $1.331938 1.25
1939 1.071940 1.061941 1.301942 1.361943 1.36
a U. S. Bur. Mines, Minerals Yearbooks.
Supply and Demand
Relationship of supply and demand, as
reflected in changes in stocks of crude oil in
Illinois and certain refined products in the
Central Refining district, in comparison
with stocks of crude oil and gasoline in the
United States, are shown in table 35.
Reserves
Estimated known reserves of oil in states
adjacent to or supplying the Central Refin-
ing District for the decade June 1, 1935 to
January 1, 1944, are shown in table 36.
These estimates are prepared each year by
the American Petroleum Institute and are
conservative. They include only oil reserves
in proven fields on production and quanti-
ties recoverable with existing methods of
production at existing prices. It by no
means is an evaluation of undiscovered or
untested reserves or of the ultimately recov-
erable oil in this area. The figure for each
year represents the estimated reserves as of
the given date after deducting the quantity
withdrawn during the year and adding the
current discoveries, extensions, and upwardrevisions in existing pools.
Gasoline Consumption in Illinois
The advent of gasoline rationing on
December 1, 1942, is shown in the decline
of gasoline sales following that date. Table
37 gives sales data, by months, for four
years.
52 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
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PETROLEUM 53
r- ^ 88
wo
15.7575,059 3,349
24,165
687
co"owo
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17,7795,421 3,574
26.7741,282
COo
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O8
16,7505,185 3,433
25.3681,961
OO(N(N
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54 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
Table 34.
—
Crude Oil Price Changes for Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky and Ohio, 1943'
January 6, 1943 December 29, 1943
Posted by Sohio Corp. {May 21, 1941)
Illinois basin (^), including Griffin pool $1.371.321.321.32
$1.371.321.37 duly 1
1.37 (Dec. 1
Carmi, Storms, Illinois, area ...
Birk City, Kentucky, area ... 1943)
Corydon, Kentucky, area, Henderson 1943)
Posted by Ohio Oil Co. {May 21, 1941)
Illinois basin 1.371.22
1.371.22Eastern Illinois and Western Indiana
Posted by Carter Oil Co. {May 21, 1941)
Louden, Fayette Countv, Illinois 1.37 1.37
Posted by Mohawk Oil Lines, Inc. {May 21, 1941)
Southern Illinois 1.37 1.37
Posted by Ashland Oil ii Transp. Co. {June 19, 1941);
Somerset Oil in Ashland Lines, Ky.
Big Sandv River 1.381.43
1.38
1.43Kentucky River
Posted by Owensboro-Ashland Co.
Owensboro, Kentucky, area (Mav 21, 1941
)
1.32 1.37 duly 1, 1943)
Posted by S. 0. Ohio {Sept. 1,1941)
1.501.30
1.501.30
a Nat'l Petroleum News, January 6, 1943 and December 29, 1943^ Also posted by tiie Texas Company.
Table 35.
—
Stocks of Crude Oil and Refined Products in the United States,
in Illinois, and in the Central Refining District, by Months, 1943^
(In thousands of barrels)
1943
Total Crude Stocks
UnitedStates
Stocks of Refined Products
Central Refining District
GasolineDistillate
fuel oiP^
Residualfuel oil '5
United States
Gasoline
January. .
.
February.
.
March. . : .
April
MayJuneJulyAugust. . .
.
SeptemberOctober. . .
NovemberDecember.
234,423237,075242,181242,934243,880240,601238,346236,285236,287239,451241,648241,762
9,2979,52710.30611,01710,40511,39111,50213,92914,57715,64714,97314,053
18,01919,59720,31418,99918,33116,10814,85714,16514,08914,10314,29315,592
4,8323,9713,3393.7094,1864,8765,5785,8276,1016,6066,4835,873
2,6862,9102,4522,9053,0973,1793,2863,2793,4093,2172,9082,983
88,67792,84894,11489,48283,88777,54073,14971,05969,21969,04569,55175.327
a U. S. Bureau of Mines, Monthly Petroleum Statements.^ Includes refinery and bulk stocks.
GJSEOUS FUEL 55
Table 36.
—
Estimates of Proved Oil Reserves in the States Serving theIllinois Area, 1935-1944=^
(Millions of barrels)
As of Jan. 1 Oklahoma Kansas Illinois Arkansas Kentucky Indiana Nebraska Michigan
1944194319421941
194019391938193719361935
909969
1,0361,0021,0631,1621,2121,141
1,235
646687690692726613601
568
390
29530733431538224341
28
37
297300295306320188
19284
103
35353641
44383839
50
31
32231414
6
3
3
5
1
2_55
64563551
434944
64
* From reports of Committee on Petroleum Reserves, American Petroleum Institute.
Table 37. -Gasoline Sold in Illinois, 1940-1943, bv Months*(Thousands of gallons)
1940 1941 1942 1943
January. .
.
February,
.
March. . . .
April
MayJuneJulyAugust
—
SeptemberOctober. . .
November,December.
Total.
102,49794,100113,937128,391143,463149,053136,768144,227134,693141,822129,746119,894
111,386105,883127,451140,940162,605148,451155,021155,969145.618143,406134,510135,538
116,30596,237114,387131,138138,072132,000131,683127,469125,830125,274139,73263,479
1,538,591 1,666,778 1,441,606
77,07176,07794,220103,374100,075121,214112,885103,86197,189102,066101,63395.487
1,185,852
* Illinois Gasoline Tax Data?; Illinois Gasoline Tax Evasion Committee, montlily reports.
Gaseous Fuel in Illinois in 1943
Gas, both natural and manufactured, con-
stitutes an important fuel in certain Illinois
industries and localities, particularly Chi-
cago and its environs, as shown in table 38.
Natural gas is obtained from fields both
within the State and by importation from
three fields in the Midcontinent—the Hugo-
ton field in Kansas, the Amarillo field in the
Panhandle of Texas, and the Monroe field
in northern Louisiana. The Hugoton gas
field supplies cities in central Illinois. TheCity of Chicago and its environs is sup-
plied by pipelines from the Amarillo field,
and the St. Louis industrial district is sup-
plied from Monroe, Louisiana. The above
named fields supplying Illinois are primarily
gas fields and not associated with oil pro-
duction.
About 5 percent of the natural gas used
in Illinois is obtained within the State.
Most of this production is associated with
the output of petroleum, although there are
two small gas fields in Illinois which have
also contributed to the supply.
Manufactured gas is obtained principally
as a byproduct of the coking and blast fur-
nace industry and petroleum refining,
although a considerable portion is manufac-
tured in gas producers for sale to the public.
The gas manufactured as a byproduct of
the coking industry, blast furnace opera-
tions, and the refining of petroleum, is used
primarily in plant operations, and only a
small surplus is sold to the public through
56 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
Table 38.
—
Consumption of Natural and Manufactured Gas in Illinois,
BY Classes of Consumers, 1940-1943^
1940 1941 1942 1943
Domestic
Number of consumersGas used (M. cu. ft.) . .
Av. amount per consumer (M. cu. tt.)
Value at points of consumptionAverage value per M. cu. ft
Commercial
Number of consumersGas used (M. cu. ft.)
Av. amount per consumer (M. cu. ft.)
Value at points of consumptionAverage value per M. cu. ft
Industrial
Number of consumersGas used (M. cu. ft.)
Av. amount per consumer (M. cu. ft.)
Value at points of consumptionAverage value per M. cu. ft
Fuel in Fields ^
Gas used (M. cu. ft.)
ValueAverage value per M. cu. ft
Total gas used
Total value
1,237,01819,268,974
15.6
$23,634,750$1.23
65,9265,179,27978.6
$4,546,757$0.88
7,04855,814,927
7,919$11,804,688
$0.21
7,825,255$ 246,134$0,031
1,282,22319,458,025
15.2
$24,417,445$1.25
69,2255,401,30778.0
$4,687,958$0.87
7,49464,775,923
8,644$13,859,802
$0.21
8,999,256$ 273,017$0.03
1,305,08521,290,000
16.3
$26,333,000$1.24
69,1256,074,00087.9
$5,148,000$0.85
7,91571,932,000
9,088$15,989,000$0.22
11,645,000$ 412,000$0,035
1,354,50037,857,000
27.9$41,628,900
$1.10
68,90010,649,200154.6
$7,304,200$0.69
8,20084,098,800
10,256$19,063,300
$0.23
5,812,300$ 228,400$0.04
88,088,435
$40,232,329
98,634,511
$43,238,222
110,941,000
$47,882,000
138,417,300
$68,224,800
a Compiled from joint canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey and U. S. Bureau of Mines^ Includes extraclion loss and fuel used in naUiral gasoline plants.
the utilities. For example, the low calo-
rific gas resulting from blast furnace opera-
tions may be used as fuel for operating the
compressor engines or heating the stoves of
a blast furnace plant. Surplus gas from a
byproduct coking process may be used in the
open-hearth furnace, in the soaking pits, or
in several re-heat operations.
The principal outlet of manufactured gas
is in manufacturing industries; the public
utilities use natural gas or mixed gas in
which natural gas is the more important
ingredient.
The economics of gas distribution through
public utilities in Illinois is of interest be-
cause the conditions of distribution and the
rates are affected by the cost of transmission
from distant fields and the seasonality of
the domestic heating load.
Because of the long transmission dis-
tance, approximately 900 miles, and the
high overhead cost involved, it is advanta-
geous to maintain a full load in the line if a
market can be found for surplus gas in off-
peak periods. The seasonality of demand in
the house-heating load is shown in table 39.
This, together with gas for cooking and
water heating, return the highest gross rev-
enue to the utilities. The load in the sum-
mer season, however, is very low, as for
example in August 1943, the load for this
month was 17 percent of the yearly average
and 8.3 percent of the January load, the
month of highest consumption. The trans-
mission system, however, is maintained at
full capacity by offering gas for industrial
use at especially low rates but subject to a
"cut-off" clause which permits the utility
to shut off the supply to the industrial con-
sumer on short notice in order to take care
of sudden increases in the load among
GASEOUS FUEL 57
domestic users. Under these conditions, the
utilit}' can profitably dispose of surplus gas
during off-peak periods at a price merely
above the cost of the gas without charges to
overhead, since the latter are unchanged by
the full capacity operation of the pipe-line
and have already been calculated in the rates
charged for firm loads. The importance of
the industrial interruptible sales from the
point of view of quantity of gas delivered
is shown in table 39.
The revenues for the several types of
services are shown in table 40. The growth
of the several classes of consumer demandover a period of several vears is shown in
table 41.
Table 39.
—
Gas Sales to Ultimate Consumers in Illinois, 1943,
BY Uses and by Months*(In thousands of therms)
Month
Residential
sales
exclusive of
space
heating
Residential
space
heating
Industrial
interruptible
sales
Commercial-industrial
non-inter-
ruptible andother sales
Industrial
non-inter-
ruptible
sales
Total
. anuaryFebruaryMarch
16,39315,28415,57515,43615,86716,37315,37614,48515.75916,66416,09916,432
21,35320,33019,32913,6159,4755,2212,2881,7542,7545,74111,49917,473
30,81129,47532,39132,83536,32339,58342,61336,64732,13532,98832,77330,660
8,6418,0808,0969,1507,9157,0115,9276,4366,1036,9705,9957,511
8,9719,13710,20511,93812,11612,57612,18512,73712,56213,68011,70911,643
86,16982,30685,596
April
May82,97481,69680,764
July 78,389AugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember
72,05969,31376,04378,07583,719
Total 189,743 130,832 409,234 87,835 139,459 957,103
Figures taken from "Monthly Summary of Gas Sales in Illinois," Illtnois Gas Utilities, Rate.s and Research Section.
Table 40.
—
Gas Sales to Ultimate Consumers in Illinois, 1943,
by Uses and by Months^(In thousands of dollars)
Month
Residential
sales
exclusive
of space
heating
Residential
space
heating
Industrial
interruptible
sales
Commercialand
other sales
Industrial
non-inter-
ruptible
sales
Total
JanuaryFebruaryMarchApril
May
% 2,8932,5932,6212,6262,6982,7762,6562,5512,6942,8412,7472,763
? 1,6121,5171,4551,068
787492275229310532927
1,328
$ 595577624631
678710755683626642643602
$ 886763765705632569492486488552615724
$ 613568626627621
634609635618690678695
$ 6,5996,0186,0915,6575,416
JuneJuly
5,1814,787
AugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember
4,5844,7365,2575,6106,112
Total 332,459 $10,532 $7,766 $7,617 $7,614 $66,048
a Figures tj "Monthly Summary of Gas Sales in Illinois," Illi Gas Utilities, Rates and Research Section.
58 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
Table 41.
—
Gas Sales to Ultimate Consumers in Illinois,BY Principal Uses, 1939-1943^
fin thousands of therms)
Uses 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943
Residential sales exclusive of
space heating 170.54288,90167,11064,397
383,406771
176,266107,31273.41374,181
377,970847
176.357105,52076,67995,180
378,658954
182,250124,06885,137109,234449,508
1,137
190,040Residential space heating sales.
Commercial sales
Industrial non-interruptible. . . .
Industrial interruptible
Public agencies
130,87086,409139,833409,672
1,526
Total 775,138 809,989 833,348 951,334 958,350
inois Commerce Commission, Rates and Research Section, Research BuUetiiu Nos. 3 3, 3 5, 40.
STONE, ROCK PRODUCTS
Limestone, dolomite, and calcareous marl.
—Production of limestone, dolomite, and
calcareous marl in Illinois in 1943 amounted
to 11,384,000 tons, valued at the plants at
approximately $10,609,000. This was a
decrease of about 19 percent in amount
from the previous year, due to shortage of
labor and truck transportation as well as
decreased demand. All of these conditions
were caused by concentration on the war
effort. In production of stone, Illinois
ranked third among the states, being ex-
ceeded only by Pennsylvania and Ohio.
Details of this production are given in
tables 42 and 43 by kind and by use. Lime-
stone showed a decrease of 15 percent in
amount from 1942 and dolomite (stone con-
taining 25 percent or more magnesium car-
bonate) decreased 22 percent. Calcareous
marl increased 2 percent.
Industrial uses of stone declined 11 per-
cent in amount from 1942. Metallurgical
and flux uses increased 3 percent. All
other industrial uses showed decreases
;
agstone decreased 15 percent, whiting sub-
stitutes 44 percent.
Construction uses of stone declined 23
percent in amount from the previous year.
Riprap increased 76 percent, railroad bal-
last decreased 10 percent, concrete and pav-
ing decreased 20 percent, and rubble and
veneering stone decreased 94 percent.
During 1943, there were 38 quarries idle
or out of business which in 1942 produced
322,472 tons of stone, or 2.3 percent of the
1942 State total. Production of these quar-
ries averaged 8,486 tons, each of them pro-
ducing less than 30,000 tons, except two.
C^f the 38 quarries, 22 produced limestone,
15 dolomite, and 1 calcareous marl.
Annual production of stone in Illinois
since 1920 is given graphically in figure 7,
showing amount and value for each year
compared with the 20-year average based on
the period 1920-1939, inclusive.
Commercial and governnient-and-contrac-
tor operations.—Production of commercial
operations is separated from that of govern-
ment-and-contractor operations, which in-
clude the following: The State of Illinois,
counties, townships, municipalities, and the
Work Projects Administration, produced
either by themselves or by contractors ex-
pressly for their use. Purchases by govern-
ment agencies from commercial producers
are included in commercial operations. Gov-
ernment-and-contractor operations declined
70 percent, compared with 16 percent de-
cline for commercial operations. Govern-
ment-and-contractor operations produced
only 2 percent of the total tonnage of stone.
STONE, ROCK PRODUCTS 59
1 1 ll ^/^
_l
§.75
''-.,
---:T:--r-.:2p_YR AV,
-»''
-<*'^
AVE RAG : VALUE PER TON
<.50cru
1 1 .,1 -J
—
1 1 1 1 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1
1920 1925 1930 1935 1940
Fig. 7.—Annual production of stone (limestone, dolomite, marlj in Illinois, 1920-1943.
(The 20-year average is based on data for 1920-1939 inclusive.)
60 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
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STOXE, ROCK PRODUCTS 61
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62 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
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AGSTONE 63
Agstoxe Used in Illinois
Agstone (ground limestone, dolomite,
and marl, used for soil improvement)
amounted to more than 3,221,000 tons in
Illinois during 1943, as shown in tahle 44.
This was a reduction of about 17 percent
from the previous year. This reduction was
caused by shortage of labor, trucks, and re-
pairs for equipment, due to general concen-
tration of all labor and equipment on pro-
duction of war materials.
During 1943, agstone was produced in
40 of the 102 counties of the State. Of the
total amount used during the year, 95 per-
cent w^as produced in Illinois.
Table 45 gives the use of agstone by
counties in Illinois during 1943, showing
the amounts produced in Illinois and those
produced in other states. It also shows the
arable land in each county, and the average
quantity of agstone used, in pounds per acre
of arable land. These data are from reports
of producers, some distribution data being
supplemented by information from county
farm advisers. Corresponding data are
given for 1942.
Table 46 gives the amount and the per-
centage of total Illinois consumption of
agstone produced in other states which was
used in Illinois during the past five years.
Table 47 gives the distribution of agstone
produced in Illinois which was marketed
in other states during the same period.
Agstone used in 1943 in Illinois is shown
graphically in figure 8, giving by group sym-
bols the county averages in pounds per acre
of arable land.
Table 46.
—
Agstone Produced ix Other StatesAND Used in Illinois, 1939-1943*
(In tons)
Amount Percent of
Year sold in total Illinois
Illinois consumption
1939 71,775 5.1
1940 106,912 5.91941 95,226 3.21942 171,035 4.51943 166,518 5.3
3 From canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey,
Table 47.
—
Agstone Produced in Illinois and MarketedIN Other States, 1939-1943^
(In tons)
Year Wisconsin Iowa Missouri Kentucky Indiana Other States Total
1939.... 441 4,751 3,527 19,450 28,1691940. . .
.
950 — 353 5,450 3,800 15,225 25,7781941.... — 100 867 940 1,800 1,125 4,8321942.... 450 — 203 9,700 28,811 19,853 59,0171943.... — 11,000 1,192 1,000 34,579 28,200 75,971
* From canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey
64 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
Table 45.
—
Agstone Used in Illinois, by Counties, 1942 and 1943*
CountyTonsused in
1942
Tons used in 1943
Produced in
Illinois
Produced in
other states
Total usedin Illinois
Acres of
arable land
(1939 census)
Pounds usedper acre
1942
AdamsAlexander. .
BondBooneBrown
BureauCalhoun . .
Carroll
CassChampaign.
Christian . . .
ClarkClayClintonColes
CookCrawford . .
CumberlandDeKalbDeWitt
DouglasDuPageEdgarEdwards. . .
Effingham.
.
FayetteFordFranklin. . .
FultonGallatin
Greene ....
GrundyHamilton
.
Hancock. . .
Hardin ....
Henderson
.
HenryIroquois . .
JacksonJasper
Jefferson. . .
Jersey
Jo Daviess
.
Johnson. . . .
Kane
Kankakee.
.
Kendall....
KnoxLakeLaSalle ....
Lawrence . .
LeeLivingston
.
LoganMcDonough
43,0379,150
27,37114,02317,128
39,48118,36847,70015,63571,948
100,88350,21929,69035,71147,628
38,17433,79134,35329,09118,127
24,55517,88662,33320,60636,837
29,59027,13524,82022,94714,120
31,78923,56819,26339,6909,414
41,79356,58682,92520,42841,413
61,56730,86830,51528,61225,116
56,07229,38835,82710,77586,445
20,42570,400118,61520,55239,883
65,5518,024
20,02712,34215,000
30,87615,90634,80014,09626,869
56,17651,81822,53934,15837,000
39,14034,98019,29925,9104,797
9,50526,79035,15415,15119,154
29,54720,53117,83511,97413,325
20,62227,09811,81340,5297,651
30,60060,27971,56121,71742,923
21,56812,30025,30010,68721,445
81,35530,58819,0347,858
71,965
9,82477,01834,92721,61720,267
35053
1,986
48254457459
3,775114
1,014
127
4,37316,865
57
5,721518
2,3713,486
7,3543,712
28
35,454
16,020
228
551
374080342000
862906800096869
176
300083732059
140
755413910797
519790281
524019
604531
556492325
622098184
015651
600633273745923
022300300687
445
355588
054858
965
052018927617267
25249122
115
71
35262
151
137
487
317147
147
184
204
174129
111
300178
20398
25579153
207235101
267102
164193
126
26521
127
327536147
174
146
104144
59210
300150253108
506
122317522305225
446866224849549
777607498405052
469721
932463186
178
019117
180
758
651
841
054811
841
106
032537772638
814637415043367
291
034438931
186
453793530742186
394326753847546
007176760432530
340366448242479
224587630228295
636679401
388466
438524618194
203
241
362489516479
286231
489171
275
386243305299882
657346309276475
841
589422958239
373391
286198
342
335444454135
354
Compiled from canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey, in cooperation with Illinois Agricultural Association and
Midwest Agricultural Limestone Institute.
AGSrOXE 65
Table 45.—(Concluded)
County
McHenryMcLean . .
MaconMacoupin.Madison . .
Marion . .
Marshall.
Mason. .
.
Massac . .
Menard.
.
MercerMonroeMontgomeryMorgan. . . . .
Moultrie. . . .
Ogle. .
.
Peoria
.
Perry.
,
Piatt. .
Pike. .
.
PopePulaski . . ,
Putnam.
.
Randolph
.
Richland.
Rock Island.
St. Clair . . . .
Saline
Sangamon.
.
Schuyler. . . .
Scott
ShelbyStarkStephenson.Tazewell. . .
UnionVermilion. .
WabashWarrenWashington
Wayne . . .
WhiteWhiteside. .
Will.
Williamson.
Tonsused in
1942
Winnebago. . .
Woodford. . . .
Undistributed
20,580142,16118,40734,38736,283
55,29418,461
23,69621 , 10023,627
28,33825,38143,15414,33822,513
52,01745,97321,44638,40930,041
15,98810,64117,81961,51317,720
29,20456,80319,74446,4618,922
8,56440,86135,14862,00022,549
19,72574,90810,23446,38849,289
40,21421,27244,02544,98430,826
35,31529,590215,989
Tons used in 1943
Produced in
Illinois
Total 3,866,568
27,407102,24535,96024,21725,946
26,86913,89621,23120,18015,526
18,35035,71253,9558,620
32,519
40,13452,58115,63911,59514.547
7,8567,1587,852
40,03716,033
30,00073,32220,58142,9227,100
4,13833,6618,823
42,00016,958
19,13043,7504,28356,27227,559
37,93116,88473,61955,22915,920
35,00019,024
125,970
Produced in
other states
3,054,959
114792160
11,864
2,079
680409
226531
60
839653
107
277
702,853
4,4222,65810,722
10,5554.1652,017
Total usedin Illinois
27.407102,24536,07425,00926,106
38.73313,89621,23120,18015,526
20,42935,71253,9559,300
32,926
40,13452,80716,17011,65514,547
166,518
856158
852
45,87616,686
30,10773,59920,58142,9227,100
4,13833,73111,67642,00016,958
19,13043,7508,705
58,93038,281
48,48621,04975,63655,22915,920
35,00019.024
125,970
Acres of
arable land
(1939 census)
211,577557,076263,970263,157256,470
171,342158,028225.53556,261
128,395
190,569144,902248,528220,259154,637
309,633203,084126,300210,451232,460
52,20253,83056,148196,442132,767
127,185229,60099,227
358,668123,785
87,070283,990121,264212,702265,832
94.140390.90180.345
210,953211.504
215,527189.016274,505345,14786,222
180,603222,776
Pounds usedper acre
1942
3,221.477 20,201,195
195
510139
261
283
645234210750368
297350347130291
336453340365258
613395635626267
458495398259144
197288580583170
419383255440466
373225320261
715
391
266
1943
Av.383
259367273190204
452176188717242
21449343484
426
259520256HI125
301266278467252
474641
415239115
95238192395128
407224217559362
450222551
321369
388171
Av.318
66 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
Fig. 8.—Agstone used in 1943. County averages are given in pounds per acre of
arable land.
CEMENT 67
1 c r. 1
rcent
nge
ii
lount
1
194Tf o oo o CN«
r^ o u-^ (^ w^CO <N T*- CO
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68 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
4^ .~ 4-. ^
"L- rt £ -
<
I 1 + +
CO ON
CO CO •*
o
O oo '—
I
O OO C50
CO On lOTf r^ OSOS ^ CN
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is s3 J=CQU
£.5"^ oj ^ -a
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3 bDJSpa<u
CEMEXT, LIME, MIXERJL IFOOL 69
Cement, Lime, Mineral Wool
Cement.—Shipments of cement by pro-
ducers in Illinois during 1943 amounted to
4,595.000 barrels, valued at the plants at
more than $7,094,000. This was a decrease
in amount of 35 percent from the previous
year, as shown in table 48. Special hydraulic
masonr\- cements increased 2 percent, stand-
ard Portland cements decreased 37 percent,
and special portland cements decreased from
26 to 46 percent. These decreases resulted
from completions of military construction
and plants producing war materials.
Lime.—Production of lime in Illinois in
1943 amounted to 376,000 tons, valued at
plants at $2,371,000. This was an increase
in amount of 20 percent from the previous
year, as shown in table 49. Quicklime, in-
cluding dead-burned (sintered) dolomite,
increased 23 percent, while hydrated lime
decreased 13 percent. Considering uses,
building operations used 45 percent less
quicklime than for the previous year, and
59 percent less hydrated lime. Chemical
and industrial uses were 25 percent more for
quicklime and 6 percent less for hydrated
lime. These changes were the results of
increased demand from war industries and
less demand for other purposes.
Annual shipments of cement and lime by
producers in Illinois are shown graphically
in figure 9, beginning with 1920, compared
with the 20-year average, based on ship-
ments for 1920-1939, inclusive.
Mineral Wool.—Production data on
mineral wool in Illinois are available for
the first time in 1943. The value of the
product, see table 50, was more than $2,-
413,000. About 72 percent of this was used
for home insulation and the balance for in-
dustrial insulation. Raw materials used
are woolrock, limestone, slag, and other rock
materials.
Table 50.
—
Mineral Wool Sold or Used by Producers i.v Illinois, 1943, byKinds and by Uses^
Kind
1943
AmountValue at plants
Total Av.
Loose woolGranulated wool.
Bats and rolls
Felt, blocks, boards, blankets (with metal mesh)
Insulating cement
Other products
tons
1,77126,161
M. sq.ft.
15,894
board ft.
4,214;387
tons
14,984
266
$ 54,884946,856
580,316
463,519
349,968
18.291
$30.9936.19
36.51
.11
23.36
68.80
Total mineral wool 1 6 —' $2,413,834
Use:Home insulation
Industrial insulation
6i
4 '
1
$1,727,4571 686,377
Total mineral wool 1 6 — $2,413,834
i 1
Compiled from joint canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey and U. S. Bureau of Mines.'' Number of plants reporting production during year indicated.
70 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
_iUpa.
^a:
<
UO
zo32
,^'''
**vCEMENT 20 YR.AV.»v
^\ /—«-.,---*' '
.J. 1 1 1 1 1
1920 1925 1930 1935 1940
i^'iG, 9.—Annual shipments of cement and lime by producers in Illinois, 1920-
1943. (The 20-year average is based on quantities for 1920-1939
inclusive.)
CLAY AND CLAY PRODUCTS 71
CLAYS, CLAY PRODUCTSINCLUDING fuller's EARTH AND SILICA
REFRACTORIES
Clays Including Fuller's Earth
Clays (including fuller's earth), which
were sold and shipped as such in Illinois in
1943, are shown in table 51, by kinds and
by uses. These do not include clays burned
into clay products by their producers, which
are reported in the resultant clay products.
Corresponding figures for 1942 are given
for comparison, and the percent change in
amount from that for 1942.
Considering the kinds of clays, fuller's
earth showed the greatest increase in amount
of shipments, 110 percent, or more than
double that for the previous year. Stone-
ware clay shipments increased 53 percent,
and fire clay 5 percent, whereas kaolin,
shale and surface clay decreased. Total
clays sold and shipped increased 18 percent
to 246,500 tons, valued at plants at more
than $1,039,700.
Comparison of the various uses of clays
showed the following increases from 1942
in amount of shipments: oil refining and
cleaners, 112 percent; bonding foundry
sands, 10 percent; for making structural
products, 10 percent; laying and daubing
refractories, 5 percent. Other uses showed
decreases varying from 12 to 30 percent.
Total non-ceramic uses increased 44 per-
cent to 112,000 tons, and total ceramic uses
increased 3 percent to 134,500 tons.
Clay Products Including Silica
Refractories
Clay products (including silica refracto-
ries) sold and shipped by producers in Illi-
nois in 1943, and comparative data for
1942, are given in table 52. Wide differ-
ences in size of products make it impossible
to compare amounts of white wares and
pottery, so their comparison is made by
values.
Refractories, clay and silica, decreased 5
percent in total, but plastic and castable
refractories increased 10 percent, whereas
other refractories decreased from 4 to 8 per-
cent. Total refractories were 260,000
tons, valued at $5,379,000.
Structural clay products shipments in
1943 showed a decrease of 27 percent in
amount compared with that of the previous
year. Drain tile made a notable increase of
35 percent, while other structural products
decreased varying amounts from 29 to 48
percent. Total structural products were
830,000 tons, valued at plants at $4,515,-
000.
IVkite wares and pottery remained prac-
tically the same, with a total value at plants
of $7,350,000. Porcelain increased 47 per-
cent, while stoneware and kitchenware in-
creased 43 percent. Other kinds of white
wares decreased from 1 to 18 percent.
Total clay products sold and shipped in
Illinois in 1943 were valued at plants at
more than $17,254,000, a decrease of 12
percent from the previous year.
Annual sales of clays and clay products
by producers in Illinois for the past five
years is shown graphically in figure 10.
72 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
Q *
£ W
C/5 >Q «Z Q
O QCAl Z
sr5 ^
J Z
til cs
s
11<
++I I
't' •* o c^
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CLAY AND CLAY PRODUCTS 73
11 C .<N
Percent
hange
iamount
om
194voo ^ ^ ^O ^ CN oo r^ ^ r- ^ sc ^ >o r~~ r~ r- C ooo o -"f w\ —
1 oo 1-^ Tf OO sC
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(S u->r^r~ c\ ^ lO UO oc w sO r-- --f oo Lo ^
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1
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-^
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r o"
(N ON ^ Tt oc sc — c oo oo Tt< ON CO ^ CO -^ — O -^ "^ a-rt o ^ <N CO Tj- On ^ >-'" O r- (N Tfi ON r- o oo oo CO ON o oc r-
> H On lo CO >— o O oo O "-O W) uo CN C c — ON Tf r- CN r- (T
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IZI _ _ c/i - ^ ^ , -
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<N Cn _C (N ^-| CO
<1
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CO ^ COr^^ Iy- * (N OC ON
S1 1
1^1
lO
1rt
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^<LI
3rt
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<u ,—
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n x1 3 Ji
II uT3C'2
"5 n
1
c«
(J-
1
Co
cJJ
>'5
lining,
wall
o
glazed
block
nroducts
C
'1
II
rt
C
o
rt
C
o
rt
rt
1
'^
\\ dclay
produ
ejractories
—
Clay
Firebrick
and
sh
Plastic
and
cast?
Cements
and
mc
Other
retractorie
CJ
rt ^. S"Z3 C u
c.
T3 C "^ OJ
>- II c1 ""
(LI
•n
brie
irk ral
tile
»ipe,
fl
otta
ai
tructu
4-
5
C «« 0. >(L. b l-
rt i* -i"1:
_rt
1
(2'ructural Commc
Face
br
Pavint?
To
Drain
t
Structu
Sewer
j:
Terra
c^
Other
s ^O
i
1
Floweri Stonewi Dinncn
Art
pot
VitreouPorcela
S ^O "rt
^0
c< 11=^
6© >>
11CJZ
74 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
- A
^^\o
^..S AMD CO^^>t>crs
/\
f\\ ,
^
/&>
^ \\
/i
//
/ \
14i^
\
\
1 /
/ ///
^
/
^^'
'^
— "CLAYi
1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944
Fig. 10.—Annual sales of clays and clay products by producers in Illinois,
1939-1943.
BUILDIXG COXSTRUCTION 75
Building Construction
The decline in shipment of structural clay
products is reflected in the trend of resi-
dential building as shown by the value of
building permits issued. Although the
over-all volume of building permits rose
17.4 percent above that for 1942, the gain
was entirely in industrial and commercial
structures, while residential building fell
20.6 percent. The month-by-month record
is shown in table 53.
Table 53.
—
Value of Building Permits Issued in Illinois
BY Months and by Type, in 1943*
Num 3er of
Valuation
Monthdwelling units All building construc-
tion (including additions,
etc.)
New resi
build
dential
ngsNew non-residential
buildings
Total Federal Total Federal Total Federal Total Federal
Jan.... 137 b $ 1,607,537 b $ 600,500 b $ 280,812 b
Feb. . . . 151 16,943,000 $15,376,000 634,000 15.680.000 $15,376,000March
.
293 3,888.000 1,759,000 1,277,000 1.996.000 1,759,000April. . . 409 3,563,000 934,000 1,486,000 1.447,000 934,000May. . . 381 6,482,000 3,597.000 1,709.000 3,868.000 3,582,000June. . . 310 2.999.000 309,000 1,233,000 775,000 289.000July... 682 5,000,000 847,000 2.820,000 1,254,000 831.000Aug.. . . 1,125 13,761,000
;
7,496,000 4,806.000 8,075,000 7.468.000Sept. . . 679 5,806,000 742,000 2.908,000 1.467,000 742,000Oct.... 1,869 1,500 16,138,000 12,507,000 9,127.000 $7,597,000 5,775.000 4,910,000Nov.... 328 4,945,000 1.553.000 1.350.000 2.397,000 1,536,000Dec. . . . 333 4,245,000 906.000 1.525,000 1,567,000 892,000
Total,
1943. 6,697 1,500 $85,377,537 $46,026,000 $29,475,500 $7,597,000 $44,581,812 $38,319,000
Total,1
1942, $72,707,046 $37,121,228 $23,326,491
Percentchange1943from1942... + 17.4 —20.6 +91.1
a As reported to U. S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics
for 1943.t> Not available.
See monthly reports on "Building Construction"
76 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
SAND AND GRAVEL
Silica Sand.—Production of silica sand in
Illinois in 1943 established another all-time
high record, 3,375,000 tons, valued at the
plants at approximately $4,800,000, as
shown in table 54. This was an increase of
nearly 9 percent in amount from 1942,
which was the previous high record. Illi-
nois ranks first among all the states in the
production of silica sand for steel molding
sand and for glass sand.
Uses for industrial purposes totaled
3,354,000 tons, valued at $4,766,000, which
was an increase in amount of 9 percent from
the previous year. The greatest propor-
tionate increases were made in glass sand
and fire or furnace sand. Steel molding
sand and blast, grinding and polishing sands
also showed increases.
Ground Silica.—During 1943 the Illinois
production of ground silica, or silica flour,
made by fine grinding of washed silica sand,
amounted to 173,800 tons, valued at the
plants at $1,218,700. As shown in table
55 this was an increase of 4 percent in
amount from the previous year. Illinois
ranks first among all the states in the pro-
duction of ground silica.
Use of this material in the manufacture
of enamel and glass during 1943 increased
110 percent from the previous year, whereas
in the pottery, porcelain and tile industries
its use increased 28 percent.
Other- Sand and Gravel.—Production of
other sand and gravel in Illinois in 1943
declined due to shortage of labor and stop-
page of construction, which resulted from
concentration on war industries. Natural-
bonded molding sand also declined in 1943.
However, production of engine and filter
sands and novaculite gravel production in-
creased over that of the previous year.
Table 57 shows other sand and gravel,
sold or used by producers in Illinois in 1942
and 1943. The total of all sand and gravel
produced in 1943 amounted to 13,608,000
tons, valued at the plants at $9,858,000
which was a decrease of 24 percent in
amount from 1942. Illinois ranked third
among the states, being exceeded only by
California and Ohio.
Construction uses of sand and gravel
amounted to 10,012,000 tons, valued at
$4,918,000, which was a decrease of 31
percent. Each class of construction sand
showed decreases varying from 18 to 48
percent. This indicates the thoroughness
with which Illinois has supported the war
effort.
Cofnniercial and Governinent-and-con-
tractor operations.—About 700,000 tons, or
5 percent, of sand and gravel produced in
Illinois during 1943 came from government-
and-contractor operations: The State of
Illinois, counties, townships, municipalities
and the Work Projects Administration, pro-
duced either by themselves or by contrac-
tors expressly for their use. Purchases by
government agencies from commercial pro-
ducers are included in commercial opera-
tions.
Government - and - contractor operations
declined 40 percent, compared with a de-
cline of 30 percent for commercial opera-
tions, during 1943.
Annual production and value of sand and
gravel, including silica sand, in Illinois is
shown graphically in figure 11, for each
year since 1920. The average value per ton
is also given for each year. The large in-
crease since 1939 is especially notable be-
cause sand and gravel are not generally con-
sidered very important in war economy. Theannual value for 1942, which established an
all-time record, was the result of the great
increases in the use of silica sand for steel
molding sand and the large increases in the
use of other sands for various industrial
sands. All of these industrial uses were
greatly affected by the production of war
materials.
SAXD JXD GRAFEL 77
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78 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
Table 55.
—
Ground Silica Sold or Used by Producers in Illinois, 1942 and 1943*
1942 1943Percent
UseAmount
tons
Value at plantsAmount
tons
Value at plantschange in
amountfrom 1942
Total Av. Total Av.
51,6862,76082,27720,6778,903
$ 352,34519,182
550,443136,73864,048
$6.816.906.696.617.19
53,3475,804
69,59126,47918,633
$ 358,25642,844
484,824199,886132,959
$6.727.386.977.556.60
+ 3.2Enamel and glass
Foundry and filler
+ 110.3— 15.4
Pottery, porcelain and tile.. .
Other uses
+ 28.1
+ 109.2
Total 166,303 $1,122,756 $6.79 173,854 $1,218,769 $7.01 + 4.5
Compiled from joint canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey and U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Table 56.
—
Tripoli (A.moki-hols Silica) Sold or Used byProducers in Illinois, 1942 and 1943"
1942 1943Percent
UseAmount
tons
Value at plants
Total i Av.
Amounttons
Value at plantschange in
amountfrom 1942
Total Av.
Abrasive 4,0008,575
$ 64,150139,240
$16 0416.24
3.1827,021
$ 51,889116,869
$16.3116.65
—20.0Filler and other uses —18.1
Total 12,575 $203,390 $16.17 10,203 $168,758 $16.54 —18.9
3 Compiled from joint canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey and U. S. Bureau of Mines
Tripoli (amorphous silica).—Production
of tripoli (amorphous silica) in Illinois dur-
ing 1943 amounted to 10,200 tons, valued
at the plants at $168,700 as given in table
56. Illinois ranks first among the states in
production of tripoli.
This material was used as an abrasive,
polish, filler, and for many other purposes.
SAND AND GRAVEL 79
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1n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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uD_l
2<>
1920 '22 '24 '26 '28 '30 '32 '34 36 '38 '40 42
Fig. 11.—Annual production and value of sand and gravel and silica sand in Illinois,
1920-1943.
80 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
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82 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
FLUORSPAR
Production of finished fluorspar in the
nation was 406,000 tons in 1943. In addi-
tion, 65,000 tons of crude ore, equivalent to
27,400 tons of finished fluorspar, was mined
but not milled, in 1943. Thus total pro-
duction (expressed in terms of finished
fluorspar) was 433,400 tons in 1943 com-
pared with 337,000 tons in 1942. The Illi-
nois-Kentucky district accounted for 75 per-
cent of the total in 1943 as compared with
79 percent in 1942.
Illinois not only maintained its rank as
the chief producing state by shipping 23 per-
cent more fluorspar than in 1942, the pre-
vious record year, but it accounted for 49
percent of the total shipments in 1943. Onthe other hand, shipments from Kentucky
declined for the second successive year and
were 18 percent less than 1942. Colorado
and New Mexico also made new records in
1943, as shown in tables 58 and 59.
Consumption reached an all-time high
of 388,885 tons in 1943 compared with
360,800 tons in 1942. Steel mills contin-
ued to be the principal consumers of fluor-
spar although its use in the chemical and
ceramic industries is increasing rapidly.
Consumption of fluorspar in the manufac-
ture of hydrofluoric acid, which is essen-
tial in the manufacture of artificial cryolite
and aluminum fluoride, high-octane gaso-
line, refrigerating mediums, insecticides
and other products, was 39 percent greater
than in 1942 and accounted for 29 percent
of the total consumption as compared with
23 percent in 1942. The glass industry,
ranking third in importance as a consumerof fluorspar, used 1 1 percent more than in
1942. Uses of fluorspar are given in table 59.
Prices
Maximum prices for metallurgical grade
fluorspar, which had been $23 to $25, were
increased November 23, 1942, to a range
of from $25 to $28 a ton, according to cal-
cium fluoride and silica content. The in-
crease failed to result in increased produc-
tion, which lagged considerably behind con-
sumption during the first half of 1943. Con-
sequently effective July 1, 1943, the base
price for metallurgical grade fluorspar was
increased by $5 per ton. Concurrently, a
wage raise of about 24 percent was granted
mine employees in the Illinois-Kentucky
district. These advances were followed by a
marked improvement in production, which
has since been in excess of consumption.
Fluorspar in Illinois
Mining of fluorspar established another
all-time high record in Illinois in 1943, for
the second successive year. The record was
198,789 tons, valued at the mines at $6,292,-
789. This was an increase in tonnage of 23
percent from the previous year. Illinois
ranks first among all the states in the pro-
duction of fluorspar.
Shipments of fluorspar from mines in Illi-
nois for 1942 and 1943 are given in table
60, by kind and by use. The greatest in-
crease in use was for the manufacture of
hydrofluoric acid, 43 percent, which brought
the amount of fluorspar used in this indus-
try up to that used in the steel industry.
The latter showed an increase of 15 percent,
and the foundry industry used 32 percent
more than the previous year.
Annual shipments and average value of
fluorspar from Illinois mines since 1913 are
presented graphically in figure 12 showing
the effect of two world wars on this indus-
try.
Shipments of fluorspar from Illinois
mines from 1939 to 1943 are shown in
table 61.
FLUORSPAR 83
200
1913 '15
Fig. 12.—Fluorspar, annual shipments and average value, from Illinois mines,
1913-1943.
84 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
Table 58.
—
Fluorspar Shipped from Mines in the United States,1942 and 1943, by States ^
State
1942
Tons
Value
Total Av.
1943
Tons
Value
Total Av.
Percentof total
amount
Illinois
KentuckyColoradoNew Mexico
^Texas V
Arizona '
Washington . . .
NevadaUtahTennesseeCalifornia
Total
161,949134,13331,743
23,291
488,0201,018
114
$4,306,7503,266,257
640,938
530,025
153,779
$26.5924.3520.19
22.76
16.72
198,789109,84949,14537,050
9601,328
8,65351
57134
$6,292,7893,122,5131,164,868968,09419,281
26,441
190,269
$31.6628,4323.7026.6220.0819.91
21.39
49.027.112.1
9.1
.3
.3
2.1
360,316 $8,897,749 $24.69 406,016 $11,802,255 $29.07 100.0
a U. S. Department of the Interior, M.M.S. No. 1164, April 19, 1944.
Table 59.
—
Fluorspar Shipped from Mines in the United States,1942 and 1943, by Uses*
1942 1943
Use
Tons
Value
Tons
Value
Total Av. Total Av.
Steel 225,2333,408
20,8901,923
88,08311,763
9,016
$5,085,03765,073576,37356,723
2,540,766331,242
242,545
$22.5819.0927.5929.5028.8528.16
26.90
220,8093,39819,4871,572
123,68019,9568,0709,044
$6,006,25185,728
582,17350,620
4,046,231598,627185,652246,973
$27.2025.2329.87
P.namel 32.20
Hydrofluoric acid
MiscellaneousGovernment stockpile
Foreign consumption
32.7230 0023.0127.31
Total 360,316 $8,897,749 $24.69 406.016 $11,802,255 $29.07
a U. S. Department of the Interior, M.M.S. No. 1164, Apiil 19, 1944.
FLUORSPAR 85
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86 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
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ZINC, LEAD, AND SILVER 87
ZINC, LEAD AND SILVER
The Wisconsin-Northern Illinois region
was the only important Central States zinc-
producing region in which output of both
crude ore and recoverable metals increased
in 1943.
Silver production in Illinois was obtained
from zinc-lead-fluorspar ore and byproduct
lead concentrates produced in milling fluor-
spar.
The zinc and lead ore and concentrates
produced in northern Illinois in 1942 and
1943 were shipped to the custom flotation
mill of the Vinegar Hill Zinc Company at
Cuba City, Wisconsin.
In southern Illinois the bulk of the out-
put of zinc and lead came from zinc-lead-
fluorspar mines near Cave in Rock, Hardin
County.
Illinois production of zinc, lead, and sil-
ver recovered from ores mined in Illinois
during 1943 was valued at $1,632,000, as
shown in table 62.
OTHER MINERALS
Included in this group are several min-
eral materials produced in Illinois by less
than three producers for each material, so
that details of production cannot be pub-
lished without revealing individual opera-
tions. These materials are
:
Gaiiister, a siliceous material found in
Union and Alexander counties, of southern
Illinois.
Peat, produced in northern Mason county
for mixed fertilizer and other purposes
(Illinois ranks first among the states in the
production of peat).
Pyrites (coal brasses), produced in
Henry County from coal-cleaning opera-
tions.
Safidstone and jjiiscellajieous stone, pro-
duced in various parts of the State for riprap
and road work, by government-contractor
operations.
The total amount and value of these
mineral materials just described, which were
produced in Illinois during the past five
years, are given in table 63. The total
value for 1943 amounted to $124,142.
Table 63.
—
Other Minerals* Sold or Used byProducers in Illinois, 1939—1943^
YearAmounttons*
Value at plants*
Total Av.
19391940
254,164181,32431,05336,55529,236
$327,431197,215103,843134,037124,142
$1.291.09
1941 3.341942 3.671943 4.25
* Revised figures.
» Minerals included: ganister, peat, pyrites, sandstone,miscellaneous stone.
^ Compiled from joint canvass made by Illinois GeologicalSurvey and U. S. Bureau of Mines.
MINERALS PROCESSED, BUT NOT MINED, IN ILLINOIS
Included in this group are mineral mate-
rials which are processed in Illinois but are
mined in other states. Production of these
materials in Illinois during the past three
years is given in table 64, as far as the data
are available.
Coke and byproducts.—All coke produced
in Illinois is made in byproduct ovens, most
of it from coal mined in the eastern bitumi-
nous fields. Coke produced from Illinois
coal is not differentiated from the other, so
table 64 gives the entire amount of coke
88 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943
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1 u PL,1-1 N s 1 H \*MOuVi>'^it a -
PROCESSED MIXER.n.S 89
made in Illinois. Details of coke manufac-
ture are given in this report in the section
on "Coke and Byproducts" (see p. 47).
Packaged fuel.—This material is proc-
essed in Illinois from the fines resulting
from storage and handling of eastern coal.
Details are given in the section on "Fuel
Briquets and Packaged Fuel" (see p. 46).
Data cannot be published on the production
of fuel briquets in Illinois without reveal-
ing individual operations.
Pig iroTi,—This basic product in the steel
industry is produced in Illinois from iron
ore mined in the Lake Superior district and
shipped in by water. During 1943 Illinois
produced 5,921,000 tons of pig iron, valued
at the furnaces at $126,910,000. This was
an increase of 1 percent over the previous
year and established an all-time high record
for the third successive year. This was the
result of the great demand for iron and steel
for manufacturing war materials.
Sulfuric acid.—This material is produced
in Illinois as a byproduct of the smelting of
zinc ores and is also produced from sulfur
at zinc plants.
Slab zinc.—This basic product in the zinc
industry is produced in Illinois from ores
mined in Illinois and from ores mined in
other states. Zinc recovered from Illinois
ores is included in table 62. That recovered
from out-of-state ores is included in "Total
Processed" in table 64.
Ground feldspar is made in Illinois from
crude feldspar which is mined in South
Dakota. It is used in the manufacture of
white ware and enamels and for other pur-
poses. Data cannot be published on feld-
spar grinding in Illinois without revealing
individual operations, but are included in
"Miscellaneous Minerals", in table 64.
Illinois is an important consumer of
ground feldspar. Consumption in this
State in the period 1939-1943 is shown in
table 65.
Sales of ground feldspar to ceramic indus-
tries account for more than 95 percent of
Table 65.
—
Consumption of Ground FeldsparIN Illinois, 1939—1943^
Year Net tons
193919401941
15,94832,81144,573
1942 50,4501943 49 , 302
U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Min-eral Market Report M.M.S. No. 1176, June 19, 1944.
the total shipments. Most of the ground
feldspar consumed is sold to glass and pot-
tery manufacturers.
Alagnesiu?n compounds are processed in
Illinois from out-of-state dolomite. Data
on these are included in "Miscellaneous
Minerals", table 64, to avoid revealing in-
dividual operations.
Mineral pigments are produced in Illinois
from crude mineral earth pigments from
various sources. Data on these are included
in "Miscellaneous Minerals", table 64.
Pig lead is made in Illinois by smelting
lead ores; that obtained from ores mined in
Illinois is given in table 62. Data on pig
lead produced in Illinois from ores mined
in other states are not available.
Expanded vermiculite is produced in Illi-
nois by heat-treating crude vermiculite
which is mined in the West. Production
figures are not availaable.
Alumina, phosphates, and other proc-
essed mineral materials are produced in Illi-
nois in large amounts, but data for them
are not available.
The total 1943 value of mineral mate-
rials which were processed in Illinois but
mined in other states, as given in table 64,
amounted to $205,427,811. This was an
increase of 5 percent from the previous year.
The values of pig lead, expanded vermic-
ulite, alumina, phosphates, and other min-
eral materials, data for which are not avail-
able, would greatl)- increase the total given
in table 64.
Illinois State Geological Survey
Report of Investigations No. 101