ILCA September 12, 2014
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Transcript of ILCA September 12, 2014
Many Raw Materials Available
• Nitrogens: Green Grass>>>>Up• Phosphorous: Roots>>>>Down• Potassium: Vitamin>>>>All Around• Fillers: No nutritional benefit• Spray-Ons, Bio-stimulants, Humates,
Factors In Determining Analysis Results industry. Job is to provide green, healthy grass. Green
Grass---No Weeds, PGA-TV turf.• Determine annual NPK requirements; Phosphorous or not.• Determine number of applications, when applying. Product used in
April may not be the product of choice if applied in May.• Determine NPK requirements per application• Determine pre emerge, if needed & at what rates.• Determine insecticide timing• Look at product options that fit your needs, what are you trying to
accomplish? Don’t price shop, let your salesman meet your needs, within your budget, with a product that works for you. The price you pay for fertilizer is not the deciding factor to your company’s success.
• Weather conditions should determine product, not the calendar.
Size Guide Number (SGN)• Definition: A measure of the average particle size
of materials in a given lot.
• Description: The relationship is: SGN = (Median particle diameter, mm) x 100
• For example, in a granular fertilizer with an SGN of 220, the median particle diameter would be 220/100 = 2.2 millimeters. Half the weight of the fertilizer batch would have particle diameter greater than 2.2 millimeters, and half would have diameter smaller than 2.2 millimeters.
Nitrogen (N)Nitrogen (N)First number of the analysis.The most important element in a successful
fertilization program.Nitrogen is the element to which turf is the most
responsive.Nitrogen is the most important element in the
soil system as it’s concentration is constantly changing, usually decreasing.
Thus, Nitrogen must be routinely added to maintain a sufficient level of growth.
First number of the analysis.The most important element in a successful
fertilization program.Nitrogen is the element to which turf is the most
responsive.Nitrogen is the most important element in the
soil system as it’s concentration is constantly changing, usually decreasing.
Thus, Nitrogen must be routinely added to maintain a sufficient level of growth.
Nitrogen Sources, What are They? How They Used? What They Do.
• Urea• Ammonium Sulfate• Polymer Coated Sulfur Coated Urea (PCSCU)• Urea Reaction Nitrogen
• Ureaform (UF)-Nitroform• Methylene Urea (MU)-Nutralene
• Polymer Coated Urea• XRT• PCU -Duration
• Stabilized Nitrogen• Uflexx• Umaxx
• Organic Nitrogen• Milorganite
• Enhanced Nitrogens• Nutrisphere• Regain• NZone
Keeping It Green• Nitrogen products that can keep the grass
green for 2 weeks, others for up to 6 months.
• Longer the length of green, the more the product costs; BUT, BUT, BUT, BUT, the fewer applications needed.
• Thus possibly reducing your fertility applications, it can free up more time for other more profitable services.
Considerations
• Frequency of applications• Soil requirements• Turf Species• Weather/timing• What Do You want to Accomplish?
Application Rates
• Figuring # of material / 1000 sq ft so you can determine number of bags needed.
• # of material /acre• # Nitrogen /1000 sq ft• Coverage per 50# bag
Example 20-0-5 25% PCSCU
• To apply 1# Nitrogen/M– 5# of product 1 divided by .20– 220#/acre……5 X 43.56
--10,000 sq ft coverage……50# divided by 5
To apply .75# Nitrogen/M.75# divided by .20 = 3.75#/M165#/acre13,300 coverage/bag
Soluble N Sources
Weaknesses• Volatility and leaching• Longevity• Flush of growth• Inefficient• Burn potential, High salt index.
Polymer Coated Sulfur Coated Urea (PCSCU-XCU)
Manufacturing Process• Pre-heated Urea granules are sprayed with
Molten Sulfur.• Polymer sealant applied to fill holes in
coating to prevent premature release of nitrogen.
• Durable coating resists breakage• Final result is a 43% nitrogen product.
Release Mechanism• Two Release Methods
1. Holes in polymer coating.
2. Microbial Oxidation of sulfur coat.
6-8 Week Performance
Polymer Coated Sulfur Coated Urea (PCSCU-XCU)
PCSCU-XCU Strengths & Weaknesses
Strengths• Low Cost• Up to Two Month Performance• Contains Sulfur for Sulfur Deficient Soils
Weaknesses• High Upfront Release (Turf Burn)• Release is Un-Predictable• Coating is Susceptible to Damage
(Nitrogen Loss)
PCSCU-XCU Markets
Professional Lawn CareGolf CourseLandscaping/OrnamentalSports TurfSod ProductionRetail
Urea Reaction Nitrogen
Manufacturing• Ureaform (UF)-Nitroform 38-0-0• 4.5% Urea, 6.9% SAWSN, 26.6% WIN
• Methylene Urea (MU)-Nutralene 40-0-0• 5.0% Urea, 20.5% SAWSN, 14.5% WIN
– URN’s are made by chemically reacting Urea with an Aldehyde.
Release Mechanism• Release is determined by Soil Microbes
and the Length of Polymers of the INSOLUBLE forms of Nitrogen,(WIN) and Hydrolysis (Moisture).–UF typically has a Longer Polymer
Chain and will last longer than MU.–UF lasts 14 Weeks to 1 Year. –MU normally lasts 10-16 weeks.
Urea Reaction Nitrogen
URN Strengths & Weaknesses
Strengths• Both have Low Burn Potential (Low
Salt Index)• Mid to long term release=less
applications per year• Small Particle Size
– Soil ph- Flourishing Microbes=Neutral ph (7.0)
– Relatively Costly
Weaknesses• Because Microbial Conversion is
Required Factors that Affect Microbe Activity also Affect Nitrogen Release.– Soil Temperature-Warm Temps=High
Populations– Soil Moisture-High Moisture=High Active
Microbes– Soil Organic Matter-Carbon Rich
O/M=Quick Conversion
URN Strengths & Weaknesses
URN Markets• Golf Courses
– Greens– Tees– Fairways
• Nursery– Container Stock– Field Stock– Tree and Shrub Fertilization– Greenhouse
• Sports Turf• Landscaping
– Established Turf and Groundcovers
Manufacturing• Heated Urea is placed into a Reactor.• An over-the-top, continuous layer of Polymer is
applied to each individual granule.• A “Protective Coating” is applied inside the
Reactor.• The finished product is cooled and placed into storage. • 41-0-0, 43-0-0. 44-0-0• PCU can Last from 2 - 6 Months, depending on
the coating thickness.
Polymer Coated Urea (Duration & XRT)
Release Mechanism• Soil moisture passes thru the polymer membrane (diffusion)
and dissolves the urea inside.• Liquid urea solution encapsulated by the
membrane passes thru the membrane as soil temperature heats the soil.
• Nitrogen is “metered” out to the turf based on the demand of the turf and Soil Temperature.
Polymer Coated Urea (PCU - Duration)
Effect of Moisture
Soil moisture required Initiates the release Saturation process Rainfall/Irrigation
needed
PCU Strengths & WeaknessesPCU Strengths & WeaknessesStrengths• Minimal growth flushes• Soil Temperature is only environmental factor
that determines release.• Low Burn Potential at High Rates.Weaknesses• Relatively costly• High nitrogen rates dissuade usage on Golf
Courses (high salt index) and makes it too costly for Lawn Care Companies.
• Subject to mower and traffic damage
Manufacturing
UMAXX 46-0-0
UFLEXX 46-0-0• A liquid mixture of urea (ammonia + carbon
dioxide) is modified by adding a “urease inhibitor” and a “nitrification inhibitor”.
• Then dried and granulated to a 46-0-0.• UMAXX contains twice the amount of
“nitrification inhibitor” than UFLEXX.
Stabilized Nitrogen™
Release Mechanism• Urea reacts with moisture (hydrolysis) and the urease enzyme.• Urease converts the urea to Ammonia gas (NH3) and
Carbon Dioxide (CO2). As much as 30% of the applied nitrogen can be lost in a 72 hour period.
• As urea moves into the soil thru irrigation, it is converted by microbes that oxidize the Ammonium (NH4+) form of nitrogen, first to Nitrite (NO2-), then Nitrates (NO3-). This process is called NITRIFICATION.
• Plants utilize nitrogen in the stable ammonium form, as well as the unstable nitrate form.
Stabilized Nitrogen™
UMAXX and UFLEXX
Improves Nitrogen Efficiency by:• Reducing Volatilization up to 14 days• Retarding the Nitrification process for
6-8 weeks (UFLEXX) and 12-16 weeks (UMAXX)
Stabilized Nitrogen™
UMAXX and UFLEXX Strengths & Weaknesses
Strengths• Versatile nitrogen source used in granular
blends or as a soluble source for liquid applications with same results
• Reduced nitrogen loss from volatilization, leaching and de-nitrification
• 100% released nitrogen versus other slow or controlled release nitrogen's
• Less Tip-Burn potential
UMAXX and UFLEXX Strengths and Weaknesses
Weaknesses• Conditioners need to be used in
blends during periods of high humidity. Very Hydroscopic.
• Needs irrigation when applied to low-cut turf.
• Limited Shelf Life For Combinations Products – Control Products
UMAXX and UFLEXX Markets
UMAXX• Golf Courses• Retail• Landscape• Nursery
UFLEXX• Lawn Care• Golf Courses• Sports Turf• Hydro seeding• Sod Production• Retail• Landscape
Milorganite. 6-2-0-4 (Fe)• High Iron For Deep Green• Adds Organic Matter• Non Burning• Great In Drought Conditions• Slow Release, Long Feeding, 5.25% WIN• Aid In Root Development• Environmentally Friendly – Resists Leaching• Organic Nitrogen Fertilizer; No heavy metals• Product of Milwaukee, WI
Milorganite Strengths and WeaknessesMilorganite Strengths and WeaknessesStrengths• Non-Burning• Works well in sandy soils due to high organic
matter (75%). Less leaching.• Gradual feeding = no flush growth = less mowing.Weaknesses• Low nutrient value means excessive usage per
acre.• Highly odoriferous.• Expensive compared to like slow release nitrogen
on a cost per acre basis.
Strengths• Non-Burning• Works well in sandy soils due to high organic
matter (75%). Less leaching.• Gradual feeding = no flush growth = less mowing.Weaknesses• Low nutrient value means excessive usage per
acre.• Highly odoriferous.• Expensive compared to like slow release nitrogen
on a cost per acre basis.
Phosphorus• Diammonium Phosphate –
DAP 18-46-0• Monoammonium Phosphate
- MAP 11-52-0
Micro Nutrients• Iron (Fe)
– Integral Part In Chlorophyll Production– Gives Turf A Dark Green Color
• Sulfur– Important For Making Amino Acids– Gives Turf A Dark Green Color
Fillers
• Most part, no nutritional benefit• In the “flour in the cake” fills up the bag• Want as little filler as possible to get the
bang for your buck. IE, 10-10-10 has approx. 1000# of filler.
Homogenous vs. Blend• Scott’s Promotes Its “All In One
Granule”• Facts – Homogenous vs. Blend
– Nutrients Must Go Into Solution For The Roots To Take Them Up
– University Trials Show No Difference In Results
– Scotts Sell Blended Fertilizers in its “No Phosphorus” Products
– Scotts Lawn Care Uses Blends for Their Applications
Enhanced Nitrogens• Alternative sources of nitrogen• Inexpensive• Stable pricing, resin costs rarely changes.• Weakness:• Not identified by AFCO• Neither a Slow release or stabilized
nitrogen.• Regulatory issues
RISE
• Responsible Industry for a Sound Environment.
• Vision Statement: Industry Free to Create Inspiring & Healthy Places Where We Live, Work & Play.
• Pre-emption in some Counties
Considerations
• Frequency of applications• Soil requirements• Turf Species• Weather/timing• What Do You want to Accomplish?
Application Rates
• Figuring # of material / 1000 sq ft so you can determine number of bags needed.
• # of material /acre• # Nitrogen /1000 sq ft• Coverage per 50# bag