I.L. 41-602.3 c . com . ElectricalPartManuals · overcurrent element, the operation indicator, and...

I.L. 41-602.3 c

INSTALLATION • OPERATION • MAINTENANCE

INSTRUCTIONS TYPES HRK AND HRP CARRIER DIRECTIONAL

OVERCURRENT GROUND RELAYS

CAUTION Before putting protective relays into

service, remove all blocking which may have

been inserted for the purpose of securing the

parts during shipment , make sure that all

moving parts operate freely, inspect the con-

tacts to see that they are clean and close

properly, and operate the relay to check the

sett ings and electrical connections .

APPLICATION

These relays are used to provide directional

ground fault protection in the carrier re

laying scheme using plate keyed carrier sets.

The t ype HRK relay is used where neutral cur

rent from the power t ransformer banks is

available for polarizing the direct ional ele

ment . The t ype HRP relay is used where this

neutral current is not available, and residual

voltage must be used for polarizing the ele

ment .

CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION

These relays consist of two beam-type over

current elements, a direct ional element, seal

in cont actor swit ch, auxiliary contactor

swit ch, and operation indi cator . The t rip

circuit of t he relay includes the direct ional

contacts in series with the contacts of one

overcurrent element, the operation indicator,

and the cont act or swit ch . The other over

current element is used to st art c arrier sig

nal t ransmission . Operation of t his relay in

connection with the carrier scheme is fully

described in I . L. 41-600. 6 .

Overcurrent Element

The const ruct ion details of the two over

current elements are shown in Figure 1. The

element consists of a pivoted beam with con-

SUPERSEDES I.L. 41-602.38

tact arm on one end and a rest raining spring

acting on t he other . The beam is pulled down

t o make cont act by a current coil, and resets

through the act ion of the rest raining spring .

The moving contact is a hollow, silver, egg

shaped capsule pract ically filled with t ungs

t en powder . When this contact st rikes the

rigid stationary contact, the movement of the

tungsten powder creates sufficient friction t o

absorb practically all o f the energy o f impact

and thus t he t endency of the contact to bounce

is reduced to a minimum.

is loosely mounted on

place by a leaf spring.

The moving contact

the beam and held in

The const ruction is

such that the beam cont inues t o move slightly

after the contact s close deflec ting the

spring. This provides the required cont act

follow. Current is conducted into the moving

c ont act by means of a flexible metal ribbon.

Direc tional Element

The direc tional element is of t he induction

loop t ype . A small t ransformer causes a large

current to �low in a single-turn movable aluminum secondary, which current is sub

stantially in phase with the primary polar

izing volt age or current. The current coils

are mounted on a magnetic frame and the cur -

rent

right

loop

path.

and polarizing elements are assembled at

angles to each other with the one -turn

in the air gaps of the current coil flux

The interaction of the current and

polarizing fluxes produces torque and rotates

the loop in one of two directions, depending

on the direction of power flow.

A Micarta a�m extends from the moving loop

which projects a short leaf spring. A small,

thin-walled, cylindrical contact, filled with

powdered t ungsten, is rigidly at t ached to the

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TYPES HRK AND HRP RELAYS __________________ _

TAP BLOCK

CONTACT CLEARANCE .020'�

TUNGSTE� FILLED

CONTACT

Fig. 1-Sectional View of the Overcurrent Elements.

outer end of the spring. When this contact strikes the rigid stationary contact, the movement of the tungsten powder creates sufficient friction to absorb practically all the energy of impact and thus the tendency of the

contact to bounce is reduced to a minimum.

Current is conducted into the moving contact by means of a flexible metal ribbon known as a

pigtail.

The stationary contact screw fastens into a Contact follow is

loop to travel for a contacts close, thus

deflecting the leaf spring . This is done by an ad justable stop screw. Another stop screw limit s the travel or the loop in the opening direction. These stops screws act directly on

the loop . This directional element has nearly

true wattmeter characteristics.

rigid projecting arm .

secured by permitting the

short distance after the

Seal-In Contactor Switch

The seal -in d-e contactor switch ( CS ) in the relay is a small solenoid type switch . A

cylindrical plunger with a silver disc mounted on its lower end moves the core of the solenoid. As the plunger travels upward, the

disc bridges three silver stationary contacts. The coil is in series with the main contacts

of the relay and with the trip coil of the breaker. When the relay contacts close, the coil becomes energized and closes the switch contacts. This shunts the main relay contacts, thereby relieving them of the duty of carrying tripping current. These contacts re-

2

�f:ACTOR

\ ·"'--.

TO .sotiRC£ OF R'OAV VOLTAGE:

TO R:tLAY

----------- --. --

-� \

TOP Vlf:W

Fig. 2-Internal Schematic of the External Phase Shifter for the Type HRP Relay.

main closed until by the auxiliary contactor switch

the trip circuit is opened switch on the breaker. The

is equipped w.ith a third

point which is connected to a terminal on the

relay to operate a bell alarm.

The seal-in contactor switch operates on a minimum of 2 . 0 amperes, but the trip circuit should draw at least 4 or 5 ampe1•es in order to keep the time of operation of the switch to a minimum and provide positive ope1'at1on.

Auxiliary Contactor Switch

The auxiliary contactor switch ( C S OJ is of the same construction as the seal-in switch. The purpose of the C S O switch is to short out the phase carrier stop circuit in installations using ground preference. The coil is in series with the carrier start overcurrent element contacts. The contacts of the C S O switch are externally connected across the phase carrier stop circuit.

Operation Indicator

The operation indicator is a small solenoid

coil connected in the trip circuit. When the

coil is energized, a spring-restrained armature releases the white target which falls by gravity to show the completion of the trip

circuit . The high-speed action of the indi

cator is obtained by fastening a weight through a leaf spring to the armature. The added inertia causes the armature to continue

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TYPES HRK AND HRP RELAYS _________ _______ 1·_t. 4 _1 _-60_2._3 c

�uVER OPERATED SWioCH (WHEN USED)

DIRECTIONAL ELEMENT

FRONT CONTA.CTOk. / 5VH\CH

/OPERATION ,-------;=..-.---------:c,...;..�� INDICATOR

,-- -- --

I � @) POLARIZ.IN4 WINDIH.G5@ II � . ! ! FOR 3 TURNS CONNECT ATO r�, Bl'OC;I I

DTO 14 1

i�i :��E�f§N��J��I I_------- ___ _I

TEST SWITCH.

REAR CONTAC'TOR 'i>WITCH

OVERCURRENo ELEMENT

Fig. 3---Internal Schematic of the Type HRK Relays in the Type FT Case. The Relays in the Standard Case Have the Same Terminals But With the Test Switches Omitted.

its motion after the coil has been short-cir

cuited .

CHARACTERISTICS AND SETTINGS

The overcurrent element of the relays oper

ates in one cycle or less on values of ground

fault current- above 200% of the tap setting .

The taps available are:

0.5, 0.75, l.O, 2.0, 4 . 0, 6.0 .

J'he settings should be made by inserting the

tap screw in the tap to give the required

pic;c -up .

It is desirable to set the carrier start

overcurrent element on a lower tap than the

tripping overcurrent element in most carrier

installations . This insures positive starting

of the carrier transmitter for all faults in

the immediate vicinity . If the fault is ex

ternal, the tripping over current and di

rectional elements in conjunction with the

carrier relays will block tripping .

The polarizing coil of the type HRK relay is

wound in two sections brought out to taps

COVER- OPERJ>;TED 5WrTCH

(WHEN USED)

DIRf.CTIONP..l

ELEMENT

CHJ!S-5>1.S 0P£R11'reo

FRONT CONTACTOR SWilCH

TES\ SW\ICH

R�R CONTACIOR ---SW\\CH

R \·L OYERtURRE.l'\T ELEMENT (FRONT YIE.W)

REO

5H<:�Jt.TIN4 Sw•�T<_H_-t++-+--l--f-+--.::r�c11)Lf.Lj+

WITH RE.LAil\fE IN.�l"At.fT"-NEOUS PCLARIT\ES A';) SHOY'tN. ,THE DIR.E.C.nONAL CONTACTS CLO�

TERM

Fiq. 4-Internal Schematic of the Type HRP Relays in the Type FT Case. The Relays in the Standard Case Have the Same Terminals But With the Test Switches Omitted.

marked A, B, C, and D. By various arrangement

of the links between these taps and taps 13

and 14 which connect to the base terminals,

the relay can be used at its best operating

point when wide variations in polarizing cur

rents are encountered . The characteriRtics of the 60 cycle polarizing coils are shown in

Table l .

TABLE I

Polarizing l Minimum 2 Maximum

Turns

3

7

1 0

17

l

Pick-up

Amps .

3 . 0

2 . 0

1.5

1 . 2

Polarizing

Amps .

75.0

32.0

25 . 0

15.0

Connections

of links

A to 13, B to C, D to 14

A to 14, B

to 13 .

C to 13, D

to 14.

A to C, B to

13, D to 14 .

The approximate minimum pick-up current of

the directional element with the polarizing

and current winding in series .

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TYPES HRK AND HRP RELAYS -�---------------

" .. c

Fig. 5---External A-C Connections of the Type HRK Re!ay.

2 The approximate maximum current that should

be passed thru the polarizing winding for satisfactory operation .

Select the lowest number of turns which will permit the type HRK directional element to close under the minimum fault condition . This should insure satisfactory operation over the widest range of fault currents .

BELAYS IN TYPE FT CASE

The type FT cases are dust-proof enclosures combining relay elements and knife-blade test switches in the same case. This combination provides a compact flexible assembly easy to maintain, inspect, test and adjust. There are three main units of the type FT case; the case, cover, and chassis . The case is an all welded steel housing containing the hinge half of the knife-blade test switches and the terminals for external connections . The cover is a drawn steel frame with a clear window which fits over the front of the case with the

switches closed . The chassis is a frame that

supports jaw half and out

the relay elements and the contact of the test switches . This slides in

of the case . The electrical con-

nections between the base and chassis are completed through the closed knife -blades .

Removing Chassis

To remove the chassis, first remove the

4

P�"SE ltOTP.T\0 .. "!!>.C. A

--ti-r----��--±---�--------------�

" 111. "

KRP

I OMtT "TfST '!.WITCM t:Qa I RE..l.l\'1 'N QTC>. c.-.t�E.

Fig. 6-External A-C Connections of the Type HRP Relay.

cover by unscrewing the captive nuts at the corners. There are two cover nuts on the S size case and four on the L and M size cases. This exposes the relay elements and all the test switches for inspection and testing . The next step is to open the test switches. Always open the elongated red handle switches first before any of the black handle.switches or the cam action latches . This opens the trip circuit to prevent accidental trip out. Then open all the remaining switches . The order of opening the remaining switches is not important. In opening the test switches they should be moved all the way back against the

stops . With all the switches rully opened, grasp the two cam action latch arms and pull outward. This releases the chassis from the case. Using the latch arms as handles, pull the chassis out of the case . The chassis can be set on a test bench in a normal upright position as well as on its top, back or sides

for easy inspection, maintenance and test .

After removing the chassis a duplicate

chassis may be inserted in the case or the

blade portion of the switches can be closed and the cover put in place without the

chassis . The chassis operated shorting switch located behind the current test switch prevents open circuiting the current transrormers

when the current type test switches are

closed .

When the chassis is to be put back in the

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TYPES HRK AND HRP RELAYS _________________________________ ,_.L_4_1-�_2_.3_:c

case , the above procedure is to be followed in

the reversed order. The elongated red handle

switch should not be closed until after the

chassis has been latched in place and all of

the black handle switches closed.

Electrical Circuits

Each terminal in the base connects thru a

test switch to the relay elements in the

chassis as shown on the internal schematic

diagrams. The relay terminal is identified by

numbers marked on both the inside and outside

of the base . The test switch positions are

identified by letters marked on the top and

bottom surface of the moulred blocks. These

letters can be seen when the chassis is re

moved from the case .

The potential and control circuits thru the

relay are disconnected from the external cir

cuit by opening the associated test switche s .

Opening the current test switch short-circuits

the current transformer se condary and discon

ne cts one side of the relay coil but leaves

the other side of the coil conne cted to the

e xternal circuit thru the current test j ack

j aws . This circuit can be isolated by insert

ing the current test plug (without e xternal

conne ctions ) , by inserting the ten circuit

test plug, or by inserting a pie c e of insu

lating material approximately l/32" thick into

the current test j ack j aws . Both switches· of

the current test switch pair must be open when

using the current test plug or i nsulating

material in this manner to short-circuit the

current transformer se condary .

A cover operated switch can be supplied with

its contacts wired in series with the trip

circuit. This switch opens the trip circuit

when the cover is removed. This switch can be

added to the e xisting type FT cases at any

time.

Testing

The relays can be tested in service, in the

case but with the e xternal circuits isolated

or out of the case as follows:

Testing in Service

The ammeter test plug can be inserted in the

current test j aws after opening the knife

blade switch to check the current thru the re

lay. This plug consists of two conducting

strips separated by an insulating strip. The

ammeter is connected to these strips by

terminal screws and the leads are carried out

thru holes in the back of the insulated

handle.

Voltages betwee n the potential circuits can

be measured conveniently by clamping #2 clip

le ads on the projecting clip lead lug on the

contact j aw.

Testing In Case

With all blades in the full open position,

the ten circuit test plug can be inserted in

the contact j aws . This conne cts the relay

e lements to a set of binding posts and

completely isolates the relay circuits from

the e xternal conne ctions by means of an in

sulating barrier on the plug. The external

test circuits are conne cted to these binding

posts . The plug is inserted in the bottom

test j aws with the binding posts up and jn the

top test switch j aws with the binding posts

down.

The e xternal test circuits may be made to

the relay elements by #2 test clip leads in-

stead of the test plug . When connecting an

e xternal test cirC1.iit to the current elemeuts

using clip leads, care should be taken to see

that the current test j ack j aws are open so

that the relay is completely isolated from the

external circuits . Suggested means for iso

lating this circuit are outline d above , under

"Ele ctrical Circuits" .

Testing Out of Case

With the chassls removed from the base, re

lay eleme nts may be tested by using the ten

circuit test plug or by #2 test clip leads as

described above . The factory calibration is

made with the ehassis in the case and re

moving the chassis from the case will change

the calibration values by a small percentage .

It is recommended that the relay be che cked in

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TYPES HRK AND HRP RELAYS ________ _ _ _____ _

9 I 9 -··- 516

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MICO on

t

41_ --4

1-f-.1 �

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�� --��------------��--�� · on

l -I

-

i

Fig. 7-0utline and Drilling Plan of the External Phase Shifter for the Type HRP Relay. For Reference Only.

position as a final check on calibration.

INSTALLATION

The relays should be mounted on switchboard

panels or their equivalent in a location free

from dirt, moisture, excessive vibration and

heat. Mount the relay vertically by means of the two mounting studs for the standard cases

and the type FT projection case or by means of

the four moun':;ing holes on the flange for the

semi-flush type FT case. Either of the studs

or the mounting screws may be utilized for

grounding the relay . The electrical con-

nections may be made direct to the termi-

nals by means of screws for steel panel

mounting or to terminal studs furnished with

6

the relay for ebony-asbestos or slate panel

mounting . The terminal studs may be easily

removed or inserted by locking two nuts on the

studs and then turning the proper nut with a

wrench .

The external a-c connections of both the

type HRK and HRP relays are shown in Figures 5

and 6 . The carrier relaying d-e schematic

(supplied with all carrier orders) should be

consulted for the details of the external d-e

connections of these relays.

ADJUSTMENTS

The proper adj ustments to insure correct

operation of this relay have been made at the

factory and should not be disturbed after re-

ceipt by the customer . If the adjustments

have been changed, the relay taken apart for

repairs, or if it is desired to che ck the ad

j ustments at regular maintenance periods, the

instructions below should be followed.

All contacts should be periodically cleaned

with a fine file. S#l002ll0 file is recom-

mended for this purpose . The use of abrasive

material for cleaning contacts is not recom

mended, because of the danger of embedding

small particles in the face of the soft silver

and thus impairing the contact .

Overcurrent Elements

Refer to Figure l. Adjust the stop screw

until the beam is in a horizontal position

when resting against it . Adj ust the magnetic

_gap to . 020 inch . This is the gap between the

beam and the stop pin . Adj ust the stationary

contact for an .020 inch gap when the beam is

in the reset position . When the beam is in

the operated position, there should be an .015

inch deflection of the moving contact . See

that the spring which carries the moving ele

ment lies flat on the Micarta arm with no

initial tension in either direction . Also,

make sure that the flexible pigtail is at

least 3/32 inch away from the end of the

stationary contact .

Pass 0 . 5 ampere thru the element with the

tap screw in the 0 . 5 tap and adj ust the beam

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v II I.

TYPES HRK AND HRP RELAYS ______________ __________________ 1_.L_._41_·6_o2_:.3�c

spring tension until the beam just trips. This spring tension should hold the beam in the reset position, and when the beam is tripped on 0.5 ampere, the beam should deflect the moving contact spring and rest on the front stop pin. The tripping point of the other taps should be within± 5% of the tap values.

Directional Eleme�t

Check the free movement of the directional

element loop. The loop should assume ap-

proximately a vertical position with contacts

open when energized.

the element is completely de-

The movement of the loop is limited in the

contact opening direction by a stop screw which strikes the lower part of the loop. This screw is located on the left-hand side of the element to the rear of the current coil. This back stop screw should be screwed forward until it just touches the loop when it is in its natural de -energized position. The contacts should have a separation of .020

inch. The front stop screw should be ad -justed so that it touches the loop at the same time the contacts close. Then back off this screw l/2 of a turn to give the contacts the correct amount of follow.

Energize the loop with normal potential or current long enough to bring it up to temper� ature (about 10 or 15 minutes) aLd adjust the bearing screws so there is about .010 inch end play. See that the loop does not bind or strike against the iron or coil when pressed against either end jewel.

Type HRK relays only - With the directional element tap block set for 10 turns connect the directional element coil circuits in

series, and as shown on

pass 1.5 amperes with polarities the internal schematics. The

directional contact should close. Reverse the connections to one coil and pass 20 amperes

thru the circuit. The contacts should not

bounce closed when the current is suddenly

interrupted.

Type HRP relays only - Apply 2.5 volts to

the polarizing amperes thru polarities as

voltage winding the current coil

shown on the

and pass 4 with the

internal schematics. The directional contact should close. Repeat this test with 115 volts and 20 amperes. Reverse the leads to the potential coil and see that the contacts do not bounce closed with the relay energized at 115 volts and 20 amperes after the voltage is suddenly reduced to zero.

These tests are made without the external phase shifter, and under this condition the maximum torque occurs when the current lags the voltage approximately 11°. The external

phase shifter of Figure 2 shifts this angle to approximately 60° lag instead of 1 1°.


Adjust the stationary core of the switch for a clearance between the stationary core and

the moving core of 1/64 inch when the switch is picked up. This can be done by turning the relay up -side -down, or by disconnecting the switch and turning it up-side-down. Then screw up the core screw until the moving core starts rotating. Now, back off the core screw until the moving core stops rotating. This

indicates the point where the play in the assembly is taken up, and where the moving core just separates from the stationary core screw. Back off the core screw approximately one turn and lock in place. This prevents the moving core form striking and sticking to the stationary core because of residual magnetism. Adjust the contact clearance for 3/32 inch by means of the two small nuts on either side of the Micarta disc. The switch should pick up

at 1 ampere d-e. Test for sticking after 30 amperes d -e have been passed through the coil. The coil resistance is approximately 0.84 ohm.


The adjustments are the same as for the

seal -in contactor switch except that the con

ta�t separation should be l/32 inch. The

switch should pick up at 0.12 ampere d -e. Test for sticking at 1.0 ampere d-e. The coil

resistance is approximately 27 ohms.

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TYPES HRK AND HRP RELAYS ________________ _

N I

i DIA.DRILL FOR THICK PANELS

3-i DIA. DRILL (Z�HOLES)

US£ STUDS

FOR nUCK. PANELS

Fig. 8-0utline and Drilling Plan for the Standard Projection Type Case. See the Internal Schematics for the Terminals Supplied. For Reference Only.

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FOR THICI( ,..,.,£L 1-----' z-§ - (Z HOL£S)

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Fig. 9-0utline and Drilling Plan for the MlO Projection Type FT Case. See the Internal Schematics for the Terminals

Supplied. For Reference Only.

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TYPES HBK AND HRP RELAYS ________________ :.:..I • .:::..L· .....:.4 .:...:1-6 :..::0=-:.2·::.::3 c

Operation Indicator

Ad just the indicator gradually ampere d-e

sticking after the coil. The mately 0 . 16 ohm.

to operate applied .

at 1 . 0 Test for

30 amperes d-e is passed thru coil resistance

Ad justments may is approxi

be made by loosening the two screws on the under side of the assembly, and moving the bracket forward

or backward . Also, the amount of overhang of the armature on the latch may be ad justed by means of the small screw bearing on the flat spring carrying the inertia weight . The best

ad justment will usually be found when this screw just touches the flat spring with the

armature in the reset position . If the two helical springs which reset the armature are replaced by new springs, they should be weakened slightly by stretching just beyond the elastic limit .

RENEWAL PARTS

Repair work can be done most satisfactorily

s ....

at the factory. However, interchangeable parts can be furnished to the customers who are equipped for doing repair work . When ordering parts, always give the complete name

plate data .

ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

The burdens of the various circuits of these

relays are as follows:

H RK and HRP Relays

Each overcurrent element;

0.5 a . tap - 0.30 v .a . at 0 . 5 amp . - 39.9° lag

6.0 a . tap - 0 . 93 v .a . at 6 . 0 amp . - 9 . 9° lag

Directional element and one overcurrent element in series.

0.5 a . tap - 0 . 32 v .a . at 0 . 5 amp . - 40 . 3 ° lag

6 . 0 a. tap - 2 . 34 v .a. at 6 . 0 amp. - 51.5° lag

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TYPES HRK AND HRP RELAYS __ __ _ ___ ________ _

10

HRK Relay Only

Directional element polarizing winding.

Burdens at 5 amperes

3 turns 1.22 v.a. 20 lag

7 turns 0.78 v.a. 10.3° lag

10 turns 1. 18 v.a. 10.2° lag

17 turns 2.75 v.a. 16 ° lag

HRP Relay Only

Directional element polarizing winding (in

cluding external phase shifter).

6 .84 v.a. - 17.5° lag at 115 volts, 60 cycles .

� ..

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WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION METER DIVISION NEWARK, N.J.

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I.L. 41-602.38

INSTALLATION • OPERATION • MAINTENANCE

INSTRUCT IONS TYPES HRK AND HRP CARRIER DIRECTIONAL

OVERCURRENT GROUND RELAYS

CAUTION Before putting protective relays into service, remove all blocking which may have been inserted for the purpose of securing the parts during shipment, make sure that all moving parts operate freely, inspect the contacts to see that they are clean and close properly, and operate the relay to check the settings and electrical connections.

APPLICATION

These relays are used to provide directional ground fault protection in the carrier re

laying scheme using plate keyed c�f;ier sets. The type HRK relay is used where ,heutral current from the power transformdr banks is available for polarizing the dir�ctional ele� ment. The type HRP relay is us�; where this neutral current is not availabl�, and' residual

/ .... �,..,t·' voltage must be used for pola?1�lng the ele-ment.

CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION

These relays consist of two beam-type overcurrent elements, a directional element, sealin contactor switch, auxiliary contactor switch, and operation indicator. The trip circuit of the relay includes the directional contacts in series with the contacts of one overcurrent element, the operation indicator, and the contactor switch. The other over

current element is used to start carrier signal transmission . Operation of this relay in

connection with the carrier scheme is fully described in I.L . 41 -600.6.

Overcurrent Element

The construction details of the two over

current elements are shown in Figure l. The

element consists of a pivoted beam with con -

NEW INFORMATION (Former I.L. 41·602.3A Revised)

tact arm on one end and a restraining spring acting on the other . The beam is pulled down to make contact by a current coil, and resets through the action of the restraining spring.

The moving contact is a hollow, silver, eggshaped capsule practically filled with tungsten powder. When this contact strikes the rigid stationary contact, the movement of the

•' tungsten powder creates sufficient riction to ;if ab:sorb practically all of:�he ener '' and thus the tendency of ��e conta to bounce

is reduced to a ��ni��,�

is loosely �dun�1rn the beam

place by' a l�·af spring. The cons ruction is fufh that the beam,continue '\ to mov\ slightly

af'C�r the contapt � close f (deflecting the prlng. This provides �he required contact allow. Current is cqnd�sted into the moving

contact ans of a flexible metal ribbon.

Directiona

The directional element is of the induction . .d'

loop type. A small transformer causes a large current to flow in a si�le-turn movable aluminum secondary,

.

which rf:c nt·/i. substantially in p"iias with t ima polar-izing vo�ag:er rrent. h cur nt coils are mo�ed . �netic fr me and the current a}rrl''po ri·z'in�·

elements are assembled at right /angles to each other with the one -turn loop in the air gaps of the current coil flux

path. The interaction of the current and polarizing fluxes produces torque and rotates

the loop in one of two directions, depending

on the direction of power flow.

A Micarta a�m extends from the moving loop which projects a short leaf spring. A small, thin -walled, cylindrical contact, filled with

powdered tungsten, is rigidly attached to the

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TYPES HRK AND HRP RELAYS _________________ _

TAP BLOCK

CONTACT CLEARANCE .020'':"�

Fig. 1-Sectional View of the Overcurrent Elements.

outer end of the spring . When this contact strikes the rigid stationary contact, the movement of the tungsten powder creates suf

ficient friction to absorb practically all the energy of impact and thus the tendency of the

contact to bounce is reduced to a minimum . Current is conducted into the moving contact by means of a flexible metal ribbon known as a pigtail.

The stationary contact screw fastens into a rigid projecting arm . Contact follow is secured by permitting the loop to travel for a short distance after the contacts close, thus deflecting the leaf spring. This is done by an adjustable stop screw. Another stop screw limits the travel of the loop in the opening direction . These stops screws act directly on the loop . This directional element has nearly true wattmeter characteristics .


The seal -in d -e contactor switch ( CS ) in the relay is a small solenoid type switch . A cylindrical plunger with a silver disc mounted on its lower end moves the core of the

solenoid . As the plunger travels upward, the

disc bridges three silver stationary contacts. The coil is in series with the main contacts

of the relay and with the trip coil of the breaker. When the relay contacts close, the coil becomes energized and closes the switch contacts. This shunts the main relay contacts, thereby relieving them of the duty of carrying tripping current . These contacts re-

2

TO .sot!RU: Of fttLAV VOI...TAGo£

TO RELAY

\ ·""-. ----- -�--�- TOP VICW

Fig. 2-lnternal Schematic of the External Phase Shifter for the Type HRP Relay.

main closed until the trip circuit is opened by the auxiliary switch on the breaker. The contactor switch is equipped with a third

point which is connected to a terminal on the relay to operate a bell alarm.

The seal-in contact or switch operates on a minimum of 2 . 0 amperes, but the trip circuit should draw at least 4 or 5 amperes in order to keep the time of operation of the switch to a minimum and provide positive operation .


The auxiliary contactor switch ( CSO) is of the same construction as the s eal-in switch.

The purpose of the CSO switch is to short out

the phase carrier stop circuit in installations using ground preference . The coil is in series with the carrier start overcurrent element contacts. The contacts of the C S O switch are externally connected across the phase carrier stop circuit .

Operation Indicator

The operation indicator is a small solenoid

coil connected in the trip circuit. When the

coil is energized, a spring-restrained arm

ature releases the white target which falls by gravity to show the completion of the trip

circuit. The high-speed action of the indi

cator is obtained by fastening a weight through a leaf spring to the armature. The added inertia causes the armature to continue

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TYPES HRK AND HBPRELAYS _________________________________ I_.L_4_1 -�_ 2_.3_B

COVE.R OPERI'TED SWI"TCH (WHEN

USED)

FROt<T CONTP.CTOR SWI"TCH

OPERATION .-------;;-=o...------7"'"--...__---- INDICATOR

)-1\/---!I{D_j� TEST SWITCH

�---�-- I @POLARIZ.LN4 WIMDIH.�s@ I

I @--1\r--@ I ! !FOR 3 TURNS CONNEC'l A TO I�, B10(1j I

DTO 14 , .I=OR 7 nJRNS C..ONN.ECT A To14,&JO \'!. \ if:g� :��\g8HNN�Jit'iJ�� I_-------- ____ I

REAR CONTAC"TOR SWITCH

OVE.RCVRRENT El.EMENT

SHORT CII'!C.UIT '-------.<==-==----"'<::_/ Sr<I"TCH

EI-ON<OMED RED HANDLE

TO RELAY CURRENT "TEST JACK

10 BASE "TERMS L::::::_::::::..:=-=?,�:::=:=�='-'===>-:C�H�ASSIS OPERA"TED SHORTING. SWITC� WITH RELATIVE II'ISTANTI'NEOU5 POI-AR.ITIES AS

SHOWN, THE DIRECTIONAL CONTACTS CLOSE.

Fig. 3--lnternal Schematic of the Type HRK Relays in the Type FT Case. The Relays in the Standard Case Have the Same Terminals But With the Test Switches Omitted.

its motion after the coil has been short-circuited.


The overcurrent element of the relays operates in one cycle or less on values of ground fault current· above 200% of the tap setting. The taps available are:

0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0.

The settings should be made by in8erting the tap screw in the tap to give the required pick-up.

It is desirable to set the carrier start overcurrent element on a lower tap than the tripping overcurrent element in most carrier installations. This insure8 positive starting

of the carrier transmitter for all faults in

the immediate vicinity. If the fault is ex -

ternal, the tripping overcurrent and di -rectional elements in conjunction with the

carrier relays will block tripping.

The polarizing coil of the type HRK relay is wound in two sections brought out to taps

COVER· OPERA"TE.D &WrtCH

(WHEN U5ED)

DIRECTIONAL ELEMENT

CHR-5.513 0PS:ItlfTI!O

TESI SW\'TCH

R� CONTAC\OR -SWI\CH

R �- OVERC.URRE.NT ELEMENT (I'ROI'<T VIEW)

SHORT CI�UII SW\'TCH

RED

Sltote.T•N,. .Swt_T<_H_--tt--+++--+-+--1-�[,L�f+ CURR.E.NI 151 JA.t\< \0 BA.':£ �RM.

WITH RE.LA'TIVE 11'\'it'TAN'T�NE.OUS POLA.R\T\ES A'5 SWONN ,T't\E DIRECTIONAL CON"Tf!\C"TS CLO�

Fig. 4-lnternal Schematic of the Type HRP Relays in the Type FT Case. The Relays in the Standard Case Have the Same Terminals But With the Test Switches Omitted.

marked A, B, C, and D. By various arrangement of the links between these taps and taps 13

and 14 which connect to the base terminals, the relay can be used at its best operating point when wide variations in polarizing currents are encountered. The characteriRtics of the 60 cycle polarizing coils are shown in

Table l.

TABLE I

Polarizing l Minimum 2 Maximum Turns

3

7

10

17

l

Pick-up Amps.

3.0

2.0

1.5

1.2

Polarizing Amps.

75.0

32.0

25.0

15.0

Connections of links

A to 13, B to C, D to 14

A to 14, B to 13.

C to 13, D

to 14.

A to C, B to

13, D to 14.

The approximate minimum pick -up current of the directional element with the polarizing and current winding in series.

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TYPES HRK AND HRP RELAYS _______________ _

... .. c

Fig. 5-External A-C Connections of the Type HRK Relay.

2 The approximate maximum current that should

be passed thru the polarizing winding for satisfactory operation .

Select the lowest number of turns which will permit the type HRK directional element to close under the minimum fault condition. This should insure satisfactory operation over the widest range of fault currents.

RELAYS IN TYPE FT CASE

The type FT cases are dust-proof enclosures combining relay elements and knife-blade test switches in the same case. This combination provides a compact flexible assembly easy to maintain, inspect, test and adjust. There are three main units of the type FT case: the case, cover, and chassis . The case is an all welded steel housing containing the hinge half of the knife-blade test switches and the terminals for external connections. The cover is a drawn steel frame with a clear window which fits over the front of the case with the

switches closed. The chassis is a frame that

supports the relay elements and the contact

jaw half of the test switches. This slides in

and out of the case. The electrical con-

nections between the base and chassis are

completed through the closed knife-blades.

Removing Chassis

To remove the chassis, first remove the

4

P�I\.Se. �O"TI',TIO"' 1\.}/!>.C. A

--t1rt------±---�--��-------------�

A & <:.

KRP

OMIT TEST '6\lltriiTCH F()1t REl.."'f IN S'TC>. C.-'�!.

Fig. 6-External A-C Connections of the Type HRP Relay.

cover by unscrewing the captive nuts at the

corners. There are two cover nuts on the S size case and four on the L and M size cases. This exposes the relay elements and all the test switches for inspection and testing. The next step is to open the test switches. Always open the elongated red handle switches first before any of the black handle switches or the cam action latches. This opens the trip circuit to prevent accidental trip out. Then open all the remaining switches. The order of opening the remaining switches is not important. In opening the test switches they should be moved all the way back against the

stops . With all the switches fully opened, grasp the two cam action latch arms and pull outward. This releases the chassis from the case. Using the latch arms as handles, pull the chassis out of the case. The chassis can be set on a test bench in a normal upright position as well as on its top, back or sides

for easy inspection, maintenance and test.

After removing the chassis a duplicate

chassis may be inserted in the case or the blade portion of the switches can be closed

and the cover put in place without the

chassis. The chassis operated shorting switch

located behind the current test switch prevents open circuiting the current transformers

when the current type test switches are

closed.

When the chassis is to be put back in the

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TYPES HRK AND HRP RELAYS __________________________________ ,_.L_41_-6_o2 __ .3s

case, the above procedure is to be followed in the reversed order. The elongated red handle switch should not be closed until after the chassis has been latched in place and all of the black handle switches closed.

Electrical Circuits

Each terminal in the base connects thru a test switch to the relay elements in the chassis as shown on the internal schematic diagrams. The relay terminal is idehtified by numbers marked on both the inside and outside of the base. The test switch positions are identified by letters marked on the top and

bottom surface of the moulred blocks. These letters can be seen when the ch�ssis is removed from the case.

The potential and control circuits thru the relay are disconnected from the external circuit by opening the associated test switches. Opening the current test switch short -circuits the current transformer secondary and disconnects one side of the relay coil but leaves the other side of the coil connected to the external circuit thru the current test jack jaws. This circuit can be isolated by inserting the current test plug (without external connections ), by inserting the ten circuit test plug, or by inserting a piece of insulating material approximately 1/32" thick into the current test jack jaws. Both switches of

the current test switch pair must be open when using the current test plug or insulating material in this manner to short-circuit the current transformer secondary.

A cover operated switch can be supplied with its contacts wired in series with the trip circuit. This switch opens the trip circuit when the cover is removed. This switch can be added to the existing type FT cases at any

time.

Testing

The relays can be tested in service, in the case but with the exter�al circuits isolated or out of the case as follows:

Testing in Service

The ammeter test plug can be inserted in the

current test jaws after opening the knifeblade switch to check the current thru the re

lay. This plug consists of two conducting strip� separated by an insulating strip. The ammeter is connected to these strips by terminal screws and the leads are carried out thru holes in the back of the insulated handle.

Voltages be measured

between the potential circuits can conveniently by clamping #2 clip

leads on the projecting clip lead lug on the contact jaw.

Testing In Case

With all blades in the full open position, the ten circuit test plug can be inserted in the contact elements to

jaws. a

This connects the relay set of binding posts and

completely isolates the relay circuits from the external connections by means of an insulating barrier on the plug. The external test circuits are connected to these binding posts. The plug is inserted in the bottom test jaws with the binding posts up and 1n the top test switch jaws with the binding posts down.

The external test circuits may be made to the relay elements by #2 test clip leads in-

stead of the test plug. When connecting an external test circctit to the current elemeuts using clip leads, care should be taken to see that the current test jack jaws are open so that the relay is completely isolated from the external circuits. Suggested means for isolating this circuit are outlined above, under "Electrical Circuits".

Testing Out of Case

With the chassls removed from the base, relay elements may be tested by using the ten circuit test plug or by #2 test clip leads as described above. The factory calibration is

made with the ehassis in the case and re

moving the chassis from the case will change the calibration values by a small percentage. It is recommended that the relay be checked in

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TYPE� HRK AND HRP RELAYS ________________ _

9 32----

MICO 10

t

I 9 r--- 516

'

'-+--

41_ _____., 4 1-1-J �----� �

�� --�9-H-----------�+---� 10

� -I

-

i

Fig. 7-0utline and Drilling Plan of the External Phase Shifter for the Type HRP Relay. For Reference Only.

position as a �inal check on calibration.

INSTALLATION

The relays should be mounted on switchboard

panels or their equivalent in a location free

from dirt, moisture, excessive vibration and

heat. Mount the relay vertically by means of the two mounting studs for the standard cases

and the type FT projection case or by means of

the four mounting holes on the flange for the

semi-flush type FT case. Either of the studs

or the mounting screws

grounding the relay.

nections may be made

may be utilized for

The electrical con

direct to the termi-

nals by means of screws for steel panel

mounting or to termina1 studs furnished with

6

the relay �or ebony-asbestos or slate panel

mounting. The terminal studs may be easily

removed or inserted by locking two nuts on the

studs and then turning the proper nut with a

wrench.

The external a-c connections of both the

type HRK and HRP relays are shown in Figures 5

and 6. The carrier relaying d-e schematic

(supplied with all carrier orders) should be

consulted for the details of the external d-e

connections of these relays.

ADJUSTMENTS

The proper adjustments to insure correct

operation �f this relay have been made at the

factory and should not be disturbed after re

ceipt by the customer. I� the adjustments

have been changed, the relay taken apart for

repairs, or if it is desired to check the ad

justments at regular maintenance periods, the

instructions below should be �allowed.

All contacts should be periodically cleaned

with a fine file. S#l002110 file is recom-

mended for this purpose. The use of abrasive

material for cleaning contacts is not recom

mended, because of the danger of embedding

small particles in the face o� the soft silver

and thus impairing the contact.


Refer to Figure 1 . Adjust the stop screw

until the beam is in a horizontal position

when resting against it. Adjust the magnetic

gap to .020 inch. This is the gap between the

beam and the stop pin. Adjust the stationary

contact �or an .020 inch gap when the beam is

in the reset position. When the beam is in

the operated position, there should be an .015

inch deflection of the moving contact. See

that the spri�g which carries the moving ele

ment lies flat on the Micarta arm with no

initial tension in either direction. Also,

make sure that the flexible pigtail is at

least 3/32 inch away from the end of the

stationary contact.

Pass 0.5 ampere thru the element with the

tap screw ·in the 0.5 tap and adjust the beam

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TYPES HRK AND HRP RELAYS -----------�-----LL_. 4_1 -_60_2 .3_s

spring tens ion unt il the beam just trips.

Thi s spring tension should hold the beam in

t he reset pos it ion, and when the beam i s

tripped on 0.5 ampere, the beam should deflect

the moving contact spring and rest on the

front stop pin. The t ripping point of the

other tap s should be within ± 5% of the tap

values.

Directional Eleme�t

Check the free movement of the directional

element loop . The loop should a s sume ap

proximately a vertical posit ion with contact s

open when

energized.

the element i s completely de-

The movement of the loop i s limiteu in the

contact opening direct ion by a stop screw

which strikes the lower part of the loop.

This screw i s located on the left -hand s ide of

the element to the rear of the current coil.

Thi s back stop screw should be screwed for

ward unt il it just touches the loop when it i s

i n it s natural de-energized position . The

contact s should have a separat ion of .020

inch. The front stop screw should be ad-

ju sted so that it touches the loop at the same

t ime the contact s close. Then back off this

screw 1/2 of a turn to give the contact s the

correct amount of follow.

Energize the loop with normal potential or

current long enough to bring it up to temper

ature (about 10 or 15 minute s ) and adjust the

bearing screws so there i s about . 010 inch end

play. See that the loop does not bind or

strike against the iron or coil when pres sed

against either end jewel.

Type HRK relays only - With the direct ional

element t ap block set for 10 turns connect

the directional element coil circuit s in

series, and pas s 1.5 amperes with polarities

as shown on the internal schemat ics. The

directional contact should close. Reverse the

connections to one coi l and pas s 20 amperes

thru the circuit . The contact s should not

bounce closed when the current i s suddenly

interrupted .

Type HRP relays only - Apply 2.5 volt s to

the polariz ing voltage winding and pas s 4 amperes thru the current coil with the

polarit ies

schemat ics.

as

The

shown on

direct ional

the internal

contact should

close. Repeat thi s test with 115 volt s and 20

amperes. Reverse t he leads to the potent ial

coil and see that the contact s . do not bounce

closed with the relay energized at 115 volt s

and 20 amperes after the voltage i s suddenly

reduced to zero.

These test s are made without the external

phase shifter, and under this condit ion the

maximum torque occurs when the current lags

the voltage approximately 11 ° . The external

phase shifter of Figure 2 shift s t hi s angle to

approximately 60 ° lag instead of 11°.


Adjust the stat ionary core of the switch for

a clearance between the stat ionary core and

the moving core of 1/64 inch when the swHch

is picked up. Thi s can be done by turning the

relay up - side-down, or by di sconnect ing the

. switch and turning it up-side-down . Then

screw up the core screw unt il the moving core

start s rotat ing. Now, back off the core screw

unt il the moving core stops rotating. Thi s

indicates the point where the play i n t he as

sembly i s taken up, and where the moving core

just separates from the stat ionary core screw.

Back off the core screw approximately one turn

and lock in place. Thi s prevent s the moving

core form striking and st icking to the

stat ionary core because of residual magnet ism

Adju st the contact clearance for 3/32 inch by

means of the two small nut s on either side of

the Micarta di sc. The switch should pick up

at 2 amperes d-e. Test for sticking after 30

amperes d-e have been passed through the coil .

The coil resistance i s approximately 0.25 ohm.


The adjust ment s are the same as for the

seal -in contactor switch except that the con

tact separat ion should be 1/32 inch . The

switch should pick up at 0.12 ampere d-e.

Test for st icking at 1.0 ampere d-e. The coil

resistance i s approximately 27 ohms.

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TYPES HRK AND HRP RELAYS _________________ _

=I:! N

I I

i DIA.DRILL FOR: THICK PANELS

3{ DIA. DRILL (Z.-HOLES) OPE:NIN<:.S FOR THIN PA.NE.L • MOUNT IN�.

I�0-3l. TERM.SC.REW 8c.. STUDS ,t�zo MOONTLN� SCREW' &.. STUDS

USE STUDS

FOR nUCK PANELS

Fig. 8-0uUine and Drilling Plan for the Siandard Projection Type Case. See the Internal Schematics for the Terminals Supplied. For Reference Only.

1 �l:{ �

-- 6 ,f -3 -h - =Jc - :&-

I /;��=FOR "'l� � THIN PANEL

J ·· - L ,:ott \wr _ �

(�) / \

t 1� •I" '" �

�� i:l�

I IXl

177 ;f DIA. HOLE I

(DRILl... NOI.£5 AS PCI( -r.q&c)

FOR THICK PAHC.L

[,-:-, , I I ',[JJ_ ' II._. ) 1,- ' I< ' I , ' I' ' I ' ' :(� ,) It ' I' iii I I I [( �

I ' ' ' I

� I ' I ( '

I ' I ( ' ' I I I

( I ' -

"'\

- t�� J � I �� ID (I) -ill � l'lt "'

J1�l * f-

· 1 ·-1- �3 O!A. HOL£ f-l;i f----'z§- 1(z HOLCS)

IJ='*� . f-----st � 6

ha 9-,f

I I nfiN k�NCL

-yj.Z1111 PAN£L

�y -L , I JO · H T<O�. �TVD cF - +1 tt--z f j .

�� t90-3Z TCRM SCREWS

I To 1'/z.1�. CK AIIN£L �UP .,,

-

J �2-;f

Fig. 9-0utline and Drilling Plan for the MlO Projection Type FT Case. See the Internal Schematics for the Terminals Supplied. For Reference Only.

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TYPES HRK AND HRP RELAYS ________________ __;__I.L_. 4.:....1 ·..:.:60:.::.:2.�3s

Operation Indicator

Adjust the indicator

gradually

to operate

applied .

at 1.0

Te st for ampere d-e

sticking after

the coil . The

mately 0.16 ohm.

30 ampere s d -e i s pas sed thru

coil re s i st ance i s approxi -

Adjustment s may be ma.de by

loosening the two screws on the under side of

the assembly, and moving the bracket forward

or backward. Also, the amount of overhang of

the armature on the latch may be adjusted by

means of the small screw bearing on the flat

spring carrying the inert ia we ight . The be st

adjustment will usually be found when thi s

screw just touche s the flat spring with the

armature in the re set position . If the two

which re set the armature are helical springs

replaced by new

weakened slightly

springs, they

by stretching

should be

just beyond

the elastic limit .

RENEWAL PARTS

Repair work can be done most sat i sfactorily

s •• =:] !--$�-

I � ;,-, "l' �-( �·· �si�

I

I I

I� I li@ I

-,..-- --��--lt-- r----I r +

�· I ' ' ' ' Oil.., ' ' I , �

-- � I

±7 -E -=m k ./$KJ·�Z MTG. SC /\ 1� • I -I·

at the factory. However, interchangeable

part s can be furnished to the customer� who

are equipped for doing repair work. When

ordering parts, always give the complete name

plate data .

ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

The burdens of the various circuit s of the se

relays are as follows :

HRK and HRP Relays

Each overcurrent ele ment ;

0.5 a. tap - 0.30 v . a. at 0.5 amp. - 39.9 ° lag

6.0 a. tap - 0 . 93 v.a . at 6. 0 amp. - 9.9 ° lag

Direct ional element and one overcurrent ele

ment in serie s.

0.5 a. tap - 0.32 v.a . at 0.5 amp . - 40.3 ° lag

6.0 a. tap - 2.34 v.a. at 6.0 amp. - 51.5 ° lag

rf tl �

"''� !Q �� · -'- ,.

--.. ... _......,.. 0

s

""'

�l _,g y � '"

ioJ "

�� --2]!-�

-sj 9th3ZTERM. CREWS

"l. ............ I

Fiq. 10-0utline and Drilling Plan for the MlO Semi-Flush Type FT Case. For Reference Only.

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TYPES HRIC AND HRP RELAYS ________________ _

10

HRK Relay Only

Directional element polarizing winding .

Burdens at 5 ampere s

3 turns 1 . 22 v.a. 2 0 lag

7 turns 0 . 78 v.a. 1 0 . 3 ° lag

10 turn s 1 . 18 v.a. 10 . 2° lag

17 turns 2 . 75 v.a. 16 ° lag

HRP Relay Only

Dire ctional element polarizing winding ( in

cluding external phase shifter).

6.84 v.a . - 17 . 5° lag at 1 15 volt s, 60 cycle s.

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WESTINGHOUSE ELECT R IC C O R PO R ATION METER DIVISION NEWARK, N.J.

Printed in U.S.A. www . El

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I . L .

/ Westinohouse ,.I, . 1· \._-J J <" / . , i J TYPES HRK AND HRP CARRIER DIRE�T�i-twAL: ( I �) �, _ _ t •

OVE RCURRENT GROUND RELAYS \ ( Fo r P l at e Ke ye d Carrie r Se t s )

INSTRUCTIONS

CAUT ION

Before put t ing prote ctive relays int o s e rvice , remove all blo cking which may have been inserted for the purpo se of s e curing t he part s during shipme nt , make sure that all moving pa rt s operate fre ely, inspe ct the c ont act s t o see that the y are clean and close properly , and operate the relay t o che ck t he s e t t ings and ele c trical c onne ctions.

APPLICAT I ON

The s e relays are u s e d t o provide dire ctional ground fault prote c tion in t he carrier relaying s c he me using plate ke yed carrier s e t s . The t ype HRK relay is u s e d where neutral current from t he power t ransformer banks is available for polarizing t he directional element . The t ype HRP re lay is u s ed where this neutral current is not available , and re sidual volt age mus t be u s e d for polarizing the element.

C ONSTRUCT I ON AND OPERAT I ON

The se relays c onsi s t of two be am-type overcurrent element s , a dire ctional e leme nt , s e al -in contact or swit ch, auxiliary c ont act or swit ch, and operation indicat or. The t rip circuit of the relay include s t he dire ct ional con t ac t s in se rie s with the c ont act s of one ove r current element , t h e ope ration indicat or , and t he c ont actor swit ch . The other overcurrent element is u s e d t o s t art carrier s ignal trans mi s sion . Ope rat ion of thi s re lay in c onne ct ion with the carrier s cheme is fully de s cribed in I. L . 4 1 -6 0 0 . 6 .

Overcurrent Element

The c on s t ruction de tails of the two overcurrent element s are s hown in Figure l . The e lement c onsis t s of a pivot e d beam with a c on t a c t arm on one end and a re s training spring acting on the other . The beam is pulled down t o make c ontact by a current c oil , and re s e t s t hrough t he act ion o f t he re s training spring .

The moving c ont act is a hollow , s ilver , e gg - s haped capsule practically filled wit h tungsten powder. When t his c ontact s t rike s t he rigid s t at ionary c ontact , the movement of the tungsten powder create s sufficient frict ion t o ab s orb pract ically all o f t he e nergy of impa c t and thu s the tendency of t he c ontact t o bounce is reduced t o a minimum . The moving c ont act is loosely mount ed on t he beam and held in place by a leaf spring . The c onstruct ion is such that t he beam c ontinue s t o move slightly after the c ontac t s clo s e defle cting the spring . This pro vide s t he re quired c ontact follow . Current is c onducted int o the moving c ontact by means of a fle xible me tal ribbon .

- 1 -

Dire ctional Element

The dire ctional element is of the induct ion loop t ype . A small t rans former cau s e s a large current t o flow in a s ingle -turn movable aluminum s e c ondary, which current is sub s t ant ially in phase with the primary polarizing volt age or current . The current c oils are mount ed on a magne tic frame and the current and polarizing e leme nt s are as sembled at right angle s t o each other with the one -turn loop in the air gaps of the current c oil flux path . The int eraction of t he current and polarizing fluxe s produce s t o rque and rotate s the loop in one of two dire ctions , depending on the dire ction of power flow .

A Micarta arm ext ends from the moving loop from which pro j e c t s a short leaf spring. A small , thin -walled , cylindrical c ontac t , filled with powdered tungsten , is rigidly at tached t o t he out er end o f the spring. When this c ontact s t rike s t he rigid s t at ionary c ontact , the move ment of the tungsten powder cre a t e s sufficient friction to abs orb practically all t he energy of impact and t hu s the tende ncy of t he c ontact t o bounce is l educed t o a minimum. Current is c onduc t e d int o the moving c ontact by means of a flexible metal ribbon known as a pigtail .

The st ationary c ontact s crew fas t ens int o a rigid pro j e c t ing arm . C ontact follow is s e cured by permit t ing the loop to travel for a s hort dis t ance aft er the c ont a c t s clo s e , t hu s d e f l e c t ing t he leaf spring. This is done b y a n adjus table s t op s crew . Another s t op s cre w limit s t he travel of t he loop in the opening dire c t i on . The s e s t op s cre ws act dire ctly on t he loop. This dir e c t ional element has ne arly t rue wat tme t e r characteristic s .

Seal - In Contact or Switch

The seal-in d-e c ontactor swit ch ( CS ) in the relay i s a small s olenoid type swit c h . A cylindrical plunger with a s ilver dis c mount e d o n it s lower end move s in the c ore o f t he s olenoid . As t he plunger travels upward , t he dis c bridge s t hree silver s t a tionary c ontac t s. The coil is in s e rie s with the main c ontact s of the re lay and with the t rip c oil of t he breake r . When the relay c ont act s close , t he c oil be come s e ne rgized and clo s e s the swit ch c ontact s . This shunt s t he main relay c ont act s , thereby relie ving them of the duty of carrying t ripping current. The s e c ontact s remain clo s e d until t he t rip circuit is opened by t he auxiliary swit ch on the bre a ker . The c ontact or switch is e quipped wit h a t hird point which is c onne cted t o a t erminal on t he relay t o operate a bell alarm .

The seal-in c ontactor swit ch operate s on a minimum of 2 . 0 ampere s , but t he t rip cir -www .

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TYPES HRK AND HRP REJ�YS

TAP SCREW

TAP BLOCK

CONTACT CLEARANCE .0201�'-.

TUNGSTEf'; FILLED

CONTACT

Figure l

IN lNG

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ffEACTOR

TO SCIIIRC£ Of ffELAY VOLTAGE

TO RELAY

.5 MfD.

. 5 MFD.

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Sect ional View of the Overcurrent Element s . Internal Exte rnal the Type

Figure 2 Schemat ic of

Phase Shifte r HRP Relay.

the for

cuit should draw at least 4 or 5 ampe re s in or de r t o keep the time of ope rat ion of the switch t o a minimum and provide positive ope rat ion.

Auxiliary C ontact or Switch

The auxiliary contactor switch ( CSO ) i s of the same construct ion as the seal -in swit ch. The purpose of the CSO switch is to short out the phase carrier stop circuit in in stallati ons using ground pre ference. The coil is iJ, serie s with t he carrier start overcurrent e lement contact s. The contact s of the CSO switch are externally connected acros s the phase carrier s t op circuit .

Operation Indicat or

The operation indicat or is a small s olenoid coil connecte d in the t rip circuit. When the coil is energized , a spring-re strained armature re leases t he white targe t which falls by gravity t o show the completion of the trip circuit. The high-speed action of the indicator is obtained by fastening a weight through a leaf spring to the armature. The added inertia cause s the armature t o continue it s motion after the coil has been short -circuited.


The overcurrent e lement of the re lays operat e s in one cycle or le s s on value s of ground fault current above 200% of the tap set ting. The taps available a re :

0.5, 0.75 , 1.0, 2 .0 , 4.0 , 6 .0.

The settings should be made by inse rt ing t he tap screw in the tap t o give the required pick -up.

It is de sirab le t o set the carrier start ove rcurrent e l ement on a lower tap than the tripping overcurrent element in most carrier in stallation s. This insure s positive start ing of the carrier transmitter for all fault s in the immediate vicinity. If the fault is external , the tripping overcurrent and directional �lement s in conjunction with the carrie r re lays w i l l block tripping.

The polarizing coil of the type HRK re lay is wound in two sect ions brought out to taps marked A, B , C , and D. By various arrange ment of the links between the se taps and tap s 1 3 and 1 4 which conne ct t o the base terminals , the re lay can be used at its be st operat ing point when wide variat ions in polarizing current s are encountered. The characteristics of the 60 cycle polarizing coils are shown in Table I.

TABLE I

Polarizing l Minimum 2 Maximum Conne ct ions Turns Pick-up Polarizing of links

Amps. Amps.

3 3 - 0 75 - 0 A t o 13 , B to C , D t o 14

7 2.0 32.0 A to 1 4 , B to 13

10 1.5 25.0 C to 13 , D t o 14

17 1 .2 15.0 A to C , B to 13 , D to 14

1The approximate minimum pick-up current of the dire ct ional e lement with the polarizing and cur rent winding in serie s .

2The approximate maximum current that should be passed thru the polarizing winding for satisfactory ope rat ion.

Se lect the lowe st number of turns which will permit the type HRK dire ctional e lement to close under the minimum fault condi t ion. This should insure satisfactory ope rat ion ove r the wide st range of fault currents.


The type FT cases are dust -proof encl osure s combining re lay e lement s and knife blade test swit che s in the same case. This combinat ion provide s a compact flexible assembly easy to maintain , inspe ct , test and adjust. There are three main unit s of the tvne FT case : the case , cove r , and chas sis . The- case is an all welded stee l housing containing the hinge half of the knife -blade test swit che s and the

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TYPES HRK AND HRP RELAYS

FRONT CON"TACTOR

COVER OPERATED SW I"TCH (W HEN USED)

D IRECTIONAL ELEMENT

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I ' :FOR '3 T�� 1�0NNECI A TO I�, BloC;! !!="oR 7 TURNS CONNECT A T014-,BTo \?. 1 �� :�i��gNNN'1�FI�J��i8�1� I_ - - - - - · - _ _ _ _ I

swncH OPERATION I NDICATOR

TEST SWITCH

REAR CONTAC"TOR SWITCH

OYER CURRENT E.LE ME.NT .

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Figure 3 Internal Schematic of the Type Type FT Case . The Relays in Have the Same Terminals But Switches Omitted.

HRK Relays in the the Standard Case

With the Test

terminals for external connections . The cover is a dr awn steel frame with a clear window which fits over the ·front of the case with the switches closed . The chassis is a frame that supports the relay elements and the contact jaw half of the test switches. This slides in and out of the case. The electrical connections between the base and chassis are completed through the closed knife -blades.

Removing Chassis

To remove the chassis , first remove the cover by unscrewing the captive nuts at the corners . There are two cover nuts on the S size cas e and four on the L and M s i ze cases. This exposes the relay elements and all the test switches for inspection and testing . The next step is to open the test switches. Always open the elongated red handle switches first before any of the black handle switches or the cam action latches. This opens the trip circuit to prevent accidental trip out. Then open all the remaining switches . The order of opening the remaining switches is not important. In opening the test switches they should be moved all the way back against the stops . With all the switches fully opened , grasp the two cam action latch arms and pull outward. This rele ases the chassis from the case. Using the latch arms as handles , pull the chassis out of the case. The chassis can be set on a test bench in a normal upright position as well as on its top , back or sides for easy inspection, maintenance and test .

After removing the chassis a duplicate chassis may be inserted in the case or the blade portion of the switches can be closed and the cover put in place without the chassis . The chassis operated shorting switch located behind the current test switch prevents open circuiting the current transformers when the current type test switches are closed.

When the chassis is to be p�t back in

COVER- OPERJ\"TED 5'N I"TCH

(WHEN U 5ED)

01 RECTIONI\L ELEMENT

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R 1\.0VERtvRRENT ELEMENT (FRONT VIE.W)

SHORT CIRCUIT 5W11CH

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SHDif.TING, 5WITC.H --11-t--t-+--+-�4-�CI!)� :TO 1'-E.LA'I C.URRE.NT "TES"T JACK

"TO BI'.SE TERM

WITH RELA"TIVE \l'I'O"TPINUNEOUS PIL"RI"TIES A<; SHOWN ,THE DIRECTIONAL CONT,.,CTS CLO::.E

Figure 4 Internal Schematic of the 'l'ype HRP Relays in the Type FT Case. The Relays in the Standard Case Have the Same Terminals But With the Test Switches Omitted .

the case , the above procedure is to be followed in the reversed order . The elongated red handle switch should not be closed unt�l after the chassis has been latched in place and all of the black handle switches closed.

Electrical Circuits

Each terminal in the base connects thru a test switch to the relay elements in the chassis as shown on the internal schematic dia grams . The relay terminal is identified by numbers marked on both the inside and outside of the base . The test switch positions are identified by letters marked on the top and bottorr. surface of the moulded b lo cks . The se letters can be seen when the chassis is removed from the case .

The potential and control circuits thru the relay are disconnected from the external circuit by opening the associated test switches. Opening the current test switch short -circuits the current transformer secondary and disconnects one side of the relay coil but leaves the other side of the coil connected to the external circuit thru the current test jack j aws . This circuit can be isolated by inserting the current test plug (without external connections ) , by inserting the ten circuit test plug, or by inserting a piece of insulating material approximately 1/32" thick into the current test jack jaws . Both switches of the current test switch pair must be open when using the current test plug or insulating material in this manner to short -circuit the current transformer secondary.

A cover operated switch can be sup plied with its contacts wired in series with the trip circuit . This switch opens the trip circuit when the cover is removed. This switch can be added to the existing type FT cases at any time .

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§

PH ... SE. ROT "'"TION A,S,C . 0...

b

c

�RK

OMIT •EST SWITCII FOtr. Re.l..P..Y IN STO. C"'IIE

Figure 5 External A - C Conne c t ions of the Type HRK Relay .

Te s t ing

The relays c an be te s t e d in s e rvice, in the case but with the external c ircuit s i sola t e d or out of the case a s follow s :

Te st ing in Service

The amme t e r t e s t plug can be inserted in the current te s t j aw s after ope ning the '-cnife -blade swit ch to che c1ce the current thru the relay . Thi s plug con s i s t s of two conduct ing s t rips s e parated by an insulat ing s trip . The amme t e r i s conne c t e d to the se s t rips by terminal s crews and the le ads are carried out thru hole s in the back of the insulated handle.

Volt age s between the pot ent ial c ircui t s c an be me asured conveniently by clamping #2 clip leads on the pro j e c t ing clip lead lug on the cont act j aw .

Te s t ing In Case

With all blade s in the full open pos it ion, the ten c i r cuit t e s t plug can be inserte� in the cont act j aw s . This conne c t s the relay element s to a s e t of b inding pos t s and comple t e ly i solate s the relay circui t s from the e xt ernal conne c t ions by me ans of an insulat ing barrier on the plug. The ext ernal t e s t c ircuit s are conne cted to the se b inding pos t s . The plug i s ins e rted in the bot t om t e s t j aw s with the b inding pos t s up and in the t op t e s t s w i t ch j aws with the b inding po s t s down .

The e xternal t e s t c ircuit s may be made to the relay element s by # 2 t e s t clip le ads ins t e ad of the t e s t plug. When conne c t ing an e x t e rnal te s t circuit to the current eleme nt s u s ing clip le ads, care should be t a�e n to s e e that the current t e s t j a c �{ j aws a re open s o t hat the relay i s comple tely i solated from the e xternal circuit s . Sugge s t e d me ans for i s olat ing this circuit a re outlined above , under "Ele c t � i c a l Circuit s " .

TP s t in£ Out of Case

With the cha s s i s removed from the ba sP, re lay eleme nt s may be t e s t e d by u s ing the t P n c ircuit t e s t plug or by #2 t e s t clip le ads a s d e s cribed above . The factory calibrat ion i s made with the cha s s i s in the c a s e and removing the cha s s i s from the case will change the cali -

--�------------�-------------p��"'�S�E.�R�O�T�A�T�\�O��"'�·�=·�C�.- A --��--------�---?---------------------- & --4-��----��--�----�---------------- c

Figure 6

IIRP

O�IT Tt::ST 't>WtTCM !'()It RE.L"''I IN liTO. C"!ll!:

External A -C C onne ct ions of the Type HRP Relay .

brat ion value s by a small percentage . It i s recommended that the relay be che cked in pos i t ion as a final che c k on calibrat ion .

INSTALLAT I ON

The relays should be mount e d on swit chboard panel s or the ir e qu ivale nt in a lo cat ion fre e from dirt, moi s t ure, e x ce s s ive vi brat ion and heat. Mount the relay vert i c ally by me ans of the two mount ing s tuds for the s t andard c a s e s and the type FT pro j e ct ion case or by means of the four mount ing hole s on the flange for the s e mi -flush t ype FT case. Either of the studs or the mount ing s crews may be ut ilized for grounding the relay. The ele ctrical conne c t ions may be made dire ct to the t e rminals by me ans of s crews for s t e el panel mount ing or to t e rminal studs furnished with the relay for e bonyasbe s tos or slate panel mount ing. The terminal s tuds may be e a s ily removed or inserted by locking two nut s on the studs and then turning the proper nut with a wrench .

The external a - c conne c t ions of both the t ype HRK and HRP relays are s hown in Figure s 5 and 6 . The carrier relaying d - e s c he mat i c (supplie d with all c arrier orders) should be consulte d for the de t ails of the e xt e rnal d - e conne c t ions o f the s e relays .

ADJUSTMENTS

The proper adjustme nt s to insure corre ct operat ion of thi s relay have been made at the factory and should not be dis turbed after re ce ipt by the cus t ome r . If the adjustme nt s have been changed, the relay t aken apart for re pairs , o r if it i s de s ired t o che ck the ad ju s t ment s at re gular maint e nance periods, the ins t ruct ions be low should be followe d .

All cont a c t s s hould be period i c ally cleaned with a fine file . S#l0 0 2 1 1 0 f ile i s recomme nded for thi s purpo s e . The use of abras ive mat erial for cleaning cont a c t s is not re commended, be cause of t he danger of e mbedding small par t i cle s in the face of the soft s ilver and thus impairing the cont a c t .

Overcurrent Element s

Refer t o Figure 1 . Adjust the stop s crew unt il the beam i s in a horizontal pos i t ion when re s t ing against it. Adjust the magne t i c gap t o . 02 0 inch. Thi s i s the gap between the

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beam and the stop pin . Adjust the stationary contact for an . 02 0 inch gap when the beam is in the reset position. When the beam is in the ope rated position, the re should be an . 0 1 5 inch def lection of the moving contact. See that the spring which carries the moving e lement lies f lat on the Mic arta arm with no initial tension in eithe r direction. A lso, make sure that the flexible pigtail is at le ast 3/32 inch away from the end of the stationary contact.

Pass 0 . 5 ampere thru the e lement with the tap screw in the 0 . 5 tap and adjust the beam spring tension unti l the beam just trips. This spring tension should hold the beam in the reset position, and when the beam is tripped on 0 . 5 ampere, the beam should def lect the moving con tact spring and rest on the front stop pin. The tripping point of the othe r taps should be within ± 5% of the tap values.

Directional Element

Check the free movement of the directional element loop. The loop should assume approximately a ve rtical position with contacts open when the e lement is complete ly de -ene rgized.

The movement of the loop is limited in the contact opening direction by a stop screw which strikes the lower part of the loop. This screw is located on the left -hand side of the e lement to the rear of the current coil. This back stop screw should be screwed forward unti l it just touches the loop when it is in its natural de -ene rgized position. The contacts should have a separation of . 02 0 inch. The front stop sc rew should be adjusted so that it touches the loop at the same time the contacts close. Then back off this screw 1/2 of a turn to give the contacts the co rrect amount of fo llow.

Ene rgize the loop with normal potential or current long enough to bring it up to tempe rature (about 10 or 15 minutes ) and adjust the bearing screws so the re is about . 0 1 0 inch end play. See that the loop does not bind o r strike against the iron or coi l when pressed against eithe r end jewe l.

Type HRK re lays only - With the di rectional e lement tap block se t for 1 0 turns connect the directional e lement coi l ci rcuits in series, and pass 1 . 5 amperes with polarities as shown on the inte rnal schematics. The direc tional contact should close. Reverse the con nections to one coi l and pass 20 amperes thru the circuit. The contacts should not bounce closed when the current is sudden ly inte rrupted.

Type HRP relays only - Apply 2 . 5 volts to the polarizing voltage winding and pass 4 amperes thru the current coil with the polarities as shown on the inte rnal schematics. The directional contact should c lose. Repeat this test with 1 1 5 volts and 2 0 ampe res. Reve rse the leads to the potential coil and see that the contacts do not bounce c losed with the re lay enene rgized at 1 1 5 volts and 20 amperes afte r the voltage is suddenly reduced to zero .

These tests are made without the exte rnal phase shifter, and unde r this condition the maximum torque occurs when the current lags the voltage approximate ly 1 1 ° . The exte rnal phase shifte r of Figure 2 shifts this angle to approximately 6 0 ° lag instead of 1 1 ° .

Seal - In Contactor Switch

Adjust the stationary core of the switch for a clearance between the stationary core and the moving core of 1/64 inch when the switch is picked up. This can be done by turn ing the relay up -side-down, o r by disconnecting the switch and turning it up -side -down. Then screw up the core screw until the moving core starts rotating. Now , back off the core screw unti l the moving core stops rotating. This indicates the point where the play in the assemb ly is taken up, and whe re the moving core just separates f rom the stationary core screw. Back off the co re screw approximately one turn and lock in place. This prevents the moving core from striking and sticking to the stationary core be cause of residual magnetism. Adjust the contact clearance for 3/32 inch by means of the two small nuts on eithe r side of the Micarta disc. The switch should pick up at 2 ampe res d -e. Test for sticking afte r 3 0 ampe res d-e have been passed through the coil. The coi l resistance is approximately 0 . 25 ohm.

Auxi liary Contactor Switch

The adjustments are the same as the seal -in contactor switch except that contact separation should be 1/3 2 inch. switch should pick up at 0 . 12 ampe re d -e. for sticking at 1 . 0 ampe re d -e. The coi l sistance is approximate ly 27 ohms.

Operation Indicator

for the The

Test n -

Adjust the indicator to operate at 1 . 0 ampe re d - e gradually applied. Test for sticking afte r 30 amperes d -e is passed thru the coi l. The coil resistance is approximate ly 0 . 16 ohm. Ad justments may be made by loosening the two screws on the und�r side of the assembly, and moving the bracket forward o r bac:<Ward. Also, the amount of overhang of the armature on the latch may be adjusted by means of the small screw bearing on the flat sprin g carrying the inertia weight. The best ad justment wil l usua l ly be found when this sc rew just touches the f lat spring with the armature in the rPset posi tion. If the two helical springs wh �ch reset the armature are replaced by new springs, they should be we akened slight ly by stretching just beyond the e lastic limit.

Renewal Parts

Repair work can be done most satisfactorily at the factory. Howeve r, inte rchangeable parts can be furnished to the customers who are equipped for doing repair work. When orde ring parts, always give the complete nameplate data.

Ene rgy Requi rements

The burdens of the various circuits of these re lays are as follows:

HRK and HRP Relays

Each ove rcurrent element

0 . 5 a. tap - 0 . 30 v. a. at 0 . 5 amp . - 39 . 9 ° lag 6 . 0 a. tap - 0 . 93 v.a. at 6 . 0 amp. - 9 . 9 ° lag

Directional e lement and one ove rcurrent element in se ries.

0 . 5 a. tap - 0 . 3 2 v.a. at 0 . 5 amp. - 4 0 . 3 ° lag 6 . 0 a. tap - 2 . 34 v.a. at 6 . 0 amp. - 5 1 . 5 ° lag

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Figure 7 Out l ine and Drilling Plan of t he External Phase Shifter for t he Type HRP Relay. For Reference Only.

t-loo =

i D IA . D R ILL FOR THICK PANELS

� DIA.ORILL (2.-HOLES)

OPENING,S FOI? THIN PANE.L MOUNTIN"i.

HRK Relay Only

Dire ct ional element polarizing winding

3 turns 7 turns

10 turns 17 turns


1 . 22 v.a. 0.78 v.a. 1.18 v.a. 2 . 75 v.a.

HRP Relay Only

2 ° lag 10 . 3 " lag 1 0 . 2 ° lag 16 o lag

Dire ct ional element polarl z ing winding (Including external phase shifter.)

6 . 84 v.a. - 17. 5° lag at 115 volt s, 60 cycle s.

. I!)0-3l TERM. SCREW Be. STUDS ;j:-lO MOUNTIN<; SC� E W Be. STU D S

U S E SC. RE.WS FOR THIN PANELS

U S E S T U D S

fOR THICK PANELS

Figure 8 Outline and Drilling Plan For the Standard Pro j e ct ion Type Case. See the Internal Schemat ics for the Te rminals Supplied. For Reference Only.

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WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION PRINTED IN U.S .A. Meter Divition, Newark, N. J. 1 2 -46 www .

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Westinghouse TYPES HRK AND HRP CARRIER D IRECT IONAL

OVERCURRENT G OUND RELAYS ( For Plate Ke ye d Carrie r Se t s )

INSTRUCTIONS

CAUTION

Before put t ing protective re lays int o service , remove all blocking which may have been inse rte d for the purpose of se curing the part s during• shipment , make sure that all moving parts operate fre e ly , inspe ct the contact s t o see that they are clean and close prope rly, and ope �ate the re lay to che ck the settings and e le ctrical conne ctions .

APPLICATI ON

The se re lays are used t o provide dire ctional ground fault protect ion in the carrier re laying s cheme using plate keyed carrier sets. The type HRK re lay is used where neutral current from the powe r t ransformer banks is available for polarizing the dire ct ional e lement. The type HRP re lay is used where this ·neutral cur rent is not available , and re sidual voltage must be used for polarizing the e lement .

C ONSTRUCTI ON AND OPERAT ION

The se re lays consist of two beam-type overcurrent e lement s , a dire ct ional· e leme nt , seal -in contactor switch , auxiliary contactor swit ch, and operat ion indicator. The trip circuit of the re lay include s the direct ional con tacts in se rie s with the contacts o f one ove r current e leme nt , the ope rat ion indicator , and the contactor swit ch. The other ove rcurrent e lement is used to start carrier signal trans mission. Ope rat ion or thi s re lay in conne ct ion with the carrie r s cheme is fully de s cribed in I.L . 4 1 -600 . 6 .

Overcurrent Eleme nt

The construct ion detai l s or the two ove rcurrent e lement s are shown in Figure 1 . The e lement cons ists of a pivoted beam with a contact arm on one end and a re straining spring act ing . on the other". The beam is pulled down to make contact by a current coil , and re sets through the act ion of the re straining spring.

The moving contact is a hollow , sil ver , egg-shaped cap su le practically filled with tungsten powder. When this contact strike s the .rigid stationary contact , the movement of the tungsten powder creat e s sufficient frict ion t o absorb. pract i cally a l l o f the energy o f impact and thus the tendency of the contact to bounce is reduced to a minimum. The moving cont act is l oose ly mounted on the beam and he ld in place by a leaf spring . The const ruct ion is such that the beam continue s to move s lightly after the contact s close deflecting the spring. This provide s the required contact fol low. Current is c onducted into the moving contact by means of a flexible metal ribbon.


The dire ct ional e lement i s 'of the induction loop type. A small t ransformer cause s a large current t o flow in a s ingle -turn movable aluminum s e c ondary , which current i s substant ially in phase with the primary polarizing voltage or current. The current coils are mounted on a magnetic frame and the current and polarizing e lement s are as sembled at right angle s -to each othe r with the one -turn l oop in the air gaps of the current coil flux path. The interaction of the current and polarizing fluxe s produce s t orque and rotat e s the l oop in one of two dire ctions , depending on the direction of power flow.

A Micarta arm extends from the moving l oop from which pro jects a short leaf spring. A small , thin -walled , cylindrical contact , fil le d with powdered tungsten , is rigidly attached t o the oute r end o f the spring. When thi s contact strike s the rigid stat ionary contact , the move ment of the tungsten powder creates sufficie nt friction t o abs orb practically all the energy of impact and thus the tendency of the contact , t o bounce is reduced t o a minimum. Current is con ducted int o the moving contact by means o f a fle xible metal ribbon known as a pigtail.

The stat ionary contact s crew fastens into a rigid pro je cting arm. Contact foll ow is se cured by permitt ing the loop to trave l for a short distance after the contacts close , thus de rlecting the lear spring . This is done by an adjustable stop s crew . Another stop s crew l imit s the trave l of the loop in- the opening dire c t i on. The se stop s crews act dire ct ly on the l oop . This dire ct ional e lement has nearly t rue wattmeter characteristics.


The seal -in d-e contactor swit ch ( CS ) in the re lay is a small solenoid type swit ch . A cyl indrical plunger with a s ilve r disc mounted on its lower end move s in the core of the sole noid. As the p lunger t ravel s upward , the disc bridge s three s ilver stationary contact s. The coil is in serie s with the main contact s of the re lay and with the t rip coil of the breaker. When the re lay contact s cl ose , the coil be come s ene rgized and close s the swit ch contact s . This shunt s the main re lay contact s , thereby re lieving them of the duty of carrying tripping cur rent . The se contacts remain closed unt il the t rip circuit is opened by the auxil iary swit ch on the breaker. The contactor switch is e quipp�d with a third point which is connected to a t e rminal on the re lay to operate a be ll alarm.

The seal -in contactor swit ch operate s on a minimum of 2 . 0 ampere s , but the t rip cir-

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TAP BLOCK

CONTACT CLEARANCE .020'�

TUNGSTEN FILLED

CONTAC T

Figure 1

IN lNG

TO SIJIIRCL OF RELAY VDLTAGoE

10 RELAY

/ ""''

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Sectional View of the Ove rcurrent Element s . Internal External the Type

TOP Vlt:VV

Figure 2 Schematic of

Phase Shifter HRP Re lay .

the for

cuit should draw at least 4 or 5 ampere s in order to keep the t ime of operation of the swit ch to a minimum and provide posit ive operation .

Auxiliary Contactor Swit ch

The auxil iary contactor switch ( CSO ) i s of the same construction as the seal -in switch . The purpose of the CSO swit ch is t o short out the phase carrie r stop c ircuit in installations using ground prefe rence . The coil is in serie s with the carrier start overcurrent e lement contact s . The contacts of the CSO switch are external ly conne cted across the phase carrier stop circuit .

Operat i on Indicator

The operation indicator is a small solenoid coil conne cted in the trip circuit . When the coil is energized, a spring-re strained armature re leases the white target which falls by gravity t o show the completion of the t rip circuit . The high-speed action of the indicator is obtained by fastening a weight through a leaf spring to the armature . The added inertia cause s the armature t o cont inue its motion after the coil has been short -cir cuited .


The overcurrent e lement of the re lays ope rate s in one cyc le or le·s s on value s of ground fault current above 200% of the tap set t ing . The taps available are :

0 . 5 , 0 . 7 5 , 1 . 0 , 2 . 0 , 4 . 0 , 6 . 0 .

The settings should be made by insert ing the tap s crew in the tap t o give the re quired pick-up .

It is de s irable t o set the carrier start ove rcurrent e lement on a lower tap than the tripping ·overcurrent element in most carrier installations . This insure s positive starting of the carrier transmitter for all faults in the immediate vicinit y . If the fault is external , the tripping overcurrent and dire ctional � l e ment s in con junction with the carrier re lays wi l l bl ock tripping .

The polarizing coil of the type HRK relay is wound in two sections brought out to taps marked A , B , C , and D . By _ various arrange ment of- the l inks between the se taps and taps 13 and 14 which c onnect to the base t e rminals , the re lay · can be used at its be st operating point when ' wide variat ions in polarizing cur rent s are encountere d . The characteristics of the 60 cycle polarizing coils are shown in Table I .

TABLE I

Polariz ing 1 Minimum Turns • Pick-up

Amps .

3

7

1 0

17

3 . 0

2 . 0

1 . 5

1 . 2

2 Maximum Polariz ing Amps .

75 . 0

32 . 0

25 . 0

15 . 0

Conne ctions of l inks

A t o 13 , B t o C , D t o 14 A to 14 , B t o 13 C t o 13 , D t o 14 A t o C , B t o 13 , D t o 14

1The approximate minimum pick-up current of the dire ctional e lement with the polarizing and cur rent winding i n serie s .

2The approximate. maximum current that should be passed thru the polariz ing winding for sat isfact ory operation .

Se lect the lowe st number of turns which will permit the type HRK dire ctional e lement to c lose under the minimum fault condit i on . This should insure sati sfactory operat ion ove r the wide st range of fault currents .


The type FT case's are dust -prdof enclosure s combining re lay e lement s and knife b lade test switche s in the same case . This combination provide s a c ompact flexible assembly e asy to maintain , inspe ct , test and adjust . There are three main unit s of the type FT case : the case , cover , and chassis . The case is an all we lded steel housing containing th� hinge half of the knife -blade test switche s and the

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COVER OPERATED 51NiiCH (W HEN USED)

DIRECTIONAL ELE.MENT

FRONT CONiACiOR SINiiCH

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REAR CONTI'\CiOR <;,wncH

OVE.RCURRENT ELE MENT

SHORT CIRCUIT SNITCH

E.L.ONG;ATEI> RE" HANDLE TO RELAY

CURRENi iESi JACK TO BASE iERMS �:::.C:::i...::::'��===C;;H�ASSIS OPERATED

<;,HORTING;. SW ITCH WITH RELATIVE INSTANTANEOUS POL. AR. I l" I E.S AS SHOWN , THE DIRECTIONAL CONTACiS C LOSE. .

Figure 3 Internal Schematic of the Type Type FT Case . The Relays in Have the Same Terminals But Switche s Omitt e d .

HRK Re lays i n the the Standard Case

With the Test

terminals for e xternal conne ctions . The cover is a drawn steel frame with a cle ar window which fits over the 'front of the case with the switches close d . The chassis is a frame that support s the re lay e lement s and the contact jaw half of the test swit che s . This slide s in and out of the case . The ele ctrical conne ct ions between the base and chassis are completed through the closed knife -blade s .

Removing Chas sis

To remove the chas sis , first remove the cove r by unscrewing the captive nut s at the corners . There are two cover nut s on the S size case and four on the L and M size case s . This exposes the re lay e lements and all the t e st switche s for inspe ction and testing . The next step is t o . open the t e st switche s . Always open the e l ongated red handle swit che s � before any of the black handle swit che s or the cam ac tion lat che s . This opens the t rip circuit t o prevent accidental trip out . Then open a l l the remaining switche s . The order of opening the remaining swit che s is not important . In opening the test switche s they should be moved all the way back against the stops . With all the swit che s ful ly opene d , grasp the t wo cam action lat ch arms and pul l outward . This re leases the chas sis from the case . Us ing the lat ch arms as handle s , pul l the chassis out of the case . The chassis can be set on a test bench in a normal upright posit ion as we ll as on its t op , back or side s for ·easy inspe ction, maintenance .and test .

After removing the chas sis a duplicate chassis may be inserted in the case or the bl�de portion of the switche s can be closed and the .. cover put in place without the chassis . The chassis operated shorting swit ch located behind the current t e st swit ch prevents open circuit ing the current t ransformers when the current type test switche s are closed .

When the chass.is is to be put back in

COVER- OPERJ'.iED &V'I IiCII

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D1 RECTIONI'<L ELEMENT

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WITH RELAoi'IE 1\'t'i>o"H'"HEOUS PILAR.IT\ES A'5 SHOINN ,oiiE DIRECTIONAL. COI'Iii'<CTS CLO� .

Figure 4 Internal Schemati c of the Type HRP Re lays in the Type FT Case . The Re lays in the Standard Case Have the Same Terminals But With the Test Switche s Omitted .

the case , the above procedure is to be followed in the reversed orde r . The e longated red handle switch should not be close� until afte r the chassis has been latched in place and all of the black handle swit che s close d .

Electrical Circuit s

Each terminal in the base c onne cts thru a test switch t o the re lay e lement s in the chassis. as shown on the internal schematic diagrams . The re lay terminal is identified by numbers marked on both the inside and out s ide of the base . The test swit ch positions are identi fied by letters marked o n the top and bot.torn surface of the moulded blocks . The se letters can be seen when the chassis is removed . from the case .

The potent ial and cont rol circuits thru the re lay are disconne cted from the external circuit by opening the associated test swit che s . Opening the current test swit ch short -circuit s the current transformer secondary and disconne cts one side of the re lay coil but leave s the other s ide of the coil conne cted t o the external circuit thru the current te st j ack jaws . This circuit can be isolated by insert ing the current t e st plug (without external conne c t ions ) , by inserting the ten circuit test plug , or by inserting a p,iece of insulating material approximate ly 1/32 ' thick into the current t e st jack jaws . Both switche s of the current test switch pair must be open when using the current t e st plug or insulating mate rial in this manner t o short -circuit the current t ransformer secon dary .

A cover operated swit ch can be sUp plied with its contact s wired in series with the t rip circuit . This swit ch opens the t rip circuit when the cover is removed . This swit ch can be added t o the existing type FT cases at any time .

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Figure 5

OMIT "TE5"T SWITCI\ FCit R.EL.I'-Y IN STO. C ... t.E

External A -C Conne ctions of the Type HRK Reiay .

Testing

The re lays can be tested in service , in the case but with the external circuit s isolated or out of the case as follows :

; Testing in Service

The ammeter test plug can be inserted in the current te st jaws afte r opening the knife -blade switch t o che ck the current thru the rel!iy . This plug cons ists of two conducting strips separated by an insulat ing strip . The ammet e r is conne cted to the se s trips by terminal s crews and the leads are carried out thru hole s in the back of the insulated handle .

Voltage s· between the potential cir cuits can be measured convenient ly by clamping #2 clip leads on the projecting c l ip lead lug on the contact jaw .

Test ing In Case

With all blade s in the ful l open pos i tion, the ten circuit t e s t plug can be inse rted in the contact jaws . This conne cts the re lay e lement s to a set of binding posts and complete ly isolates the re lay circuits from the external conne ct ions by means of an insulat ing barrier on the plug . The external test circuits are conne cted to the se binding post s . The plug is inserted in the bottom te st jaws with the binding posts up and in the top test switch jaws with the binding pos t s down .

The external test circuits may be made t o the re lay e lement s by #2 test clip leads instead of the test plug . When conne ct ing an exte rnal test circuit to the current e lement s using clip leads , care should be taken to see that the current test jac'c jaws are open so that the re lay is complete ly isolated from the external circuit s . Sugge sted means for is olat ing this circuit are out l ined above , unde r "Ele ct�i cal Circuit s " .

Te sting Out of Case

With the chassis removed from the base , re lay element s may be te sted by using the ten circuit test plug or by #2 test clip leads as de s cribed above . The factory calibrat ion is made with the chas sis in t'he case and removing the chassis from the case will change the cal i -

p�"'IIE II:O"T ... "TIO"' ,.,]!!>,C. A --��------�--��------------------- & --��------�--�----�--------------- c

Figure 6

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External A -C Conne ct ions of the Type HRP Relay .

brat ion value s by a small percentage . It is re commended that the re lay be checked in pos ition as a final check on calibration .

INSTALLATION

The re lays should be mounte d on switchboard pane l s or the ir equivalent in a l o cat ion free from. dirt , moisture , exces sive v i bration and heat . Mount the re lay ve rt ically by means of the two mount ing studs for the standard case s and the type FT pro je ction case or by means of the four mount ing hol e s on the flange for the semi -flush type FT case . Eithe r of the studs or the mount ing screws may be ut i lized for grounding the re lay . The e le ctrical conne ctions may be made dire ct to the terminals by means of s crews for stee l pane l mount ing or to te rminal studs furnished with the re lay for ebonyasbe stos or s late pane l mount ing . The terminal studs may be easily removed or inserted by locking two nut s on the studs and then turning the prope r nut with a wrench .

The external a-c conne ct ions of both the type HRK and HRP re lays are shown in Figure s 5 and 6 . The carrier re laying d-e s chematic ( supplied with all carrie r orde rs ) should be consulted for the details of the exte rnal d-e conne ct ions of the se re lays .

ADJUSTMENTS

The prope r adjustment s t o insure corre ct ope ration of this re l�y have been made at the fact ory and should not be disturbed afte r re ce ipt b y the custome r . If the adjustment s have been changed , the re lay taken apart for re pairs , or if it is de s ired to che ck the adjust ment � at regular maintenance periods , the instructions be low should be followe d .

A l l contact s should b e periodically c leaned with a fine file . S#l002110 file is re commended for this purpose . The use of abrasive mate rial for cleaning contact s is not recommende d , be cause of the dange r of. embedding small , part icles in the face of the s oft s ilver and thus impairing the contact .


Refer t o Figure 1 . Adjust the stop s crew unt il the beam is in a horizontal pos it ion when re sting' against it . Adjust the magnetic gap to . 020 inch . This is the gap between the

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PRINTED IN U . S .A . . WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION

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beam and the stop pin . Adjust the stat ionary contact for an . 020 inch gap when the beam is in the re set position . When the beam is in the operated posit ion , there should be an . 015 inch defle ction of the moving c ontact . See that the spring which carrie s the moving e lement lies flat on the Micarta arm with no initial tension in e ithe r direction . A l s o , make sure that the flexible pigtail is at le ast 3/32 inch away from the end of the stationary contact .

Pas s 0 . 5 ampere thru the e lement with the tap s crew in the 0 . 5 tap and adjust the beam s pring t ension unti l the beam just t rips . Thi s spring tension should hold the beam in the re set psoition , and when the beam is tripped on 0 . 5 ampe re , the beam should defle ct the moving con tact spring and re st on the front stop pin . The tripping point of the other tap s should be within ± 5% of the tap value s .


Check the free movement of the dire c t i onal e lement loop . The loop should as sume ap proxima'tely a vertical position with contact s open when the e lement is completely de -ene rgized.

The movement of the loop is limited in the contact opening dire ction by a stop s crew which strike s the lower part of the loop . This screw is located on the left -hand s ide of the e lement to the rear of the current coil . This back stop s crew should be s crewed forward unt il it just t ouche s the loop when it is in its nat Ural de -ene rgized pos ition . The contact s should have a separation of . 02 0 inch . The front stop

· s crew should be adjusted so that it touche s the loop at the same time the contacts close . Then back off this s crew 1/2 of a turn to give the contacts the corre ct amount of follow .

Too much follow on the dire ctional c ontact s should be avoided in order to allow the dire ctional e lement to re set fast enough by gravity to properly coordinate with the ove rcur rent e lement .

Energize the loop with normal potent ial or current long enough t o bring it up t o tempe rature ( about 10 or 15 minute s ) and adjust the bearing s crews s o there is about . 01 0 inch end play . See that the loop doe s not bind or strike against the iron or coil when pre ssed against e ither end jewe l .

Type HRK re lays only - With the directional e lement tap block set for 1 0 turns c onne ct the dire ctional e lement coil circuits in serie s , and · pas s 1 . 5 ampere s with polarit ie s as shown on the ;tnternal schemat ics . The dire c tional contact should close . Reverse the con nections t o one coil and pas s 20 ampe re s thru the circuit . The contact s should not bounce c losed when the current is suddenly int e rrupted .

Type HRP re lays only - Apply 2 . 5 volts to the polarizing voltage winding and pass 4 ampere s thru the current coil with the polarit ie s as shown on the internal s chemat ics . The dire c tional contact should c lose . Repeat this test with 115 volt s and 2 0 ampe re s . Reverse the leads to the potent ial coil and see that the contact s do not bounce closed with the re lay enene rgized at 1 15 volt s and 20 ampere s after the voltage i s suddenly reduced to zero .

The se t e s t s are made without the external phase shift e r , and under this condit ion the maximum t orque o ccurs when the current lags the voltage approximate ly 11 ° . The external phase shifte r of Figure 2 shifts this angle t o approximate ly 6 0 ° lag instead o f 11 ° .

Seal -In Contact or Switch

Adjust the stationary core of the switch for a clearance betwe en the stationary core and the moving core of 1/64 inch when the switch is picked up . This can be done by turning the re lay up -side -down , or by dis conne ct ing the swit ch and turning it up -s ide -down . Then s crew up the core screw unt il the moving core start s rotat ing . Now , back off the core s crew unt il the moving core stops rotating . This in dicates the point where the play in the assemb·ly is taken up , and whe re the moving core just separat e s from the stat ionary core screw . Back off the core s crew approximate ly one turn and lock in place . This prevent s the moving core from st riking and st icking to the stat ionary core be cause of re s idual magnet ism . Adjust the contact clearance for 3/32 inch by means of the two small nut s on e ither side of the Micarta dis c . The swit ch should pick up at 2 ampe re s d-e . Test for s't icking afte r 30 ampe re s d -e have been pas sed through the coil . The coil re sis tance i s approximate ly 0 . 25 ohm .

Auxil iary Contactor Switch

The adjustment s are the same as the seal -in contactor swit ch except that contact separation should be 1/32 inch . switch should pick up at 0 . 12 ampere d -e . for sticking at 1 . 0 .ampere d -e . The coil s istance is approximate ly 27 ohms .

Ope rat ion Indicator

for the The

Test re -

Adjust the indicator to operate at 1 . 0 ampere d -e gradually applie d . Te st for st icking afte r 3 0 ampere s d -e is passed thru the coil . The coil re sistance is approximately 0 . 16 ohm . Adjustment s may be made by loosening the two screws on the unde r side of the assembly, and moving the bracket forward or backward . A l s o , the amount o f ove rhang o f the armature o� the lat ch may be ad justed by means of the smal l s crew bearing on the flat sprin� carrying the inertia we ight . The be st adjustment will usually be found when this screw just touche s the flat spring with the armature in the rP set posi t ion . If the two he l ical springs wh�ch re set the armature are replaced by new springs , they should be weakened s light ly by stretching just beyond the e lastic limit .

Renewal Parts

Repair work can be done most sat isfac t orily at the factory . However , interchangeable parts can be furnished to the customers who are e quipped for doing repair work . When ordering part s , always give the complete nameplate dat a .

Energy Requirement s

The burdens of the various circuit s of the se re lays are as follows :

HRK and HRP Re lays

Each ove rcurrent e lement

0 . 5 a . tap - 0 . 30 v . a . at 0 . 5 amp . - 39 . 9 ° lag 6 . 0 a . tap - 0 . 93 v . a . at 6 . 0 amp � - 9 . 9 ° lag·

Dire ctional e lement and one ove rcurrent e lement in serie s .

0 . 5 a . tap - 0 . 32 v . a . at 0 . 5 amp . - 40 . 3 � lag 6 . 0 a . tap - 2 . 34 v . a . at 6 . 0 amp . - 51 . 5 ° lag

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Figure 7 Out l ine and Drilling Plan of the External Phase Shifter for the Type HRP Re lay . For Refere nce Onl y .

=

i DIA.J)RILL FOR THICK PANELS

k DIA.ORILL (Z.-�OLES)

OPENt�S FOil TKIN PANE.L MOUNTING;.

HRK Relay Only

Dire ct ional e lement polarizing .winding

3 turns 7 turns

10 turns 17 turns


1 . 22 v . a . 0 . 78 v . a . 1 . 18 v . a . 2 . 75 v . a .

HRP Relay Only

2 ° lag 10 . 3 " lag 1 0 . 2 ° lag 16 ° lag

Dire ctional e lement polarl z ing winding ( Includ ing external phase shifter . )

6 . 84 v . a . - 17 . 5 ° lag at 1 15 volt s , 6 0 cyc le s .

. I�0-3l TERM. SU.EW 8c. STUDS ;j:·ZO MOUNTfNq SCIC:EW' 8::. STUDS

. I .

lL.-·_j r=. z! z 3 4

USE STUD S fOR THICK PANELS

Figure 8 Outline and Dril l ing Plan For the Standard Project ion Type Case . See the Internal Schemat ics for the Terminals. Supplie d . For Reference Only .

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I.L. 41-602.3 c . com . ElectricalPartManuals · overcurrent element, the operation indicator, and...

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Transcript of I.L. 41-602.3 c . com . ElectricalPartManuals · overcurrent element, the operation indicator, and...