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Sistem OperasiIKH311
Pendahuluan
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Administratif Perkuliahan
Komponen Penilaian 10% Kuis 20% Tugas (Mandiri, programming) 30% UTS (18 April 2012, Open notes) 40% UAS (20 Juni 2012, Open notes) 5% Bonus (aktifitas, kreatifitas, inovasi)
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Administratif Perkuliahan
Kehadiran Kenyamanan dan Kemudahan bersama 30 menit toleransi keterlambatan bagi mahasiswa
dan dosen Minimum partisipasi kehadiran 70% sepanjang
semester Prasyarat
Struktur Data (bad news) Dasar Pemrograman Organisasi dan Arsitektur Komputer (good news)
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Pustaka
Avi Silberschatz, "Operating System Concepts" http://codex.cs.yale.edu/avi/os-
book/OS8/os8j/index.html Andrew Tanenbaum, "Modern Operating
Systems" http://www.cs.vu.nl/~ast/books/mos2/ Harvey Deitel, "Operating Systems" tjerdastangkas.blogspot.com/search/label/ikh311
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Sistem Operasi
Komponen sistem komputer
Perangkat keras Systems programs Program-program
aplikasi
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Arsitektur von Neumann
Tiga unit dasar Input, Output Memory CPU
Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle
Fetch dari mana? Decode di mana? Execute di mana?
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Contoh: PD
P-8
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Contoh: PDP-8
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Sistem Operasi
Extended Machine Menyembunyikan pernak-pernik perangkat keras Memudahkan user dalam menggunakan sistem
komputer Resource Manager
Setiap program mendapatkan sumber daya waktu Setiap program mendapatkan sumber daya ruang
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Sumber Daya
Perangkat keras RAM I/O System bus
Perangkat lunak User processes Kernel processes
Waktu Response time Throughput
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Sejarah
Batch systems Pemrograman dengan kartu Data pada kartu dibaca ke tape magnetik (1401) Data pada tape diolah (7094) Hasil komputasi dicetak (1401)
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Sejarah
Generasi I: 1945 - 1955 vacuum tubes, plug boards
Generasi II: 1955 - 1965 transistors, batch systems
Generasi III: 1965 – 1980 Integrated Circuit dan multiprogramming
Generasi IV: 1980 – present personal computers Mobile devices
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Sejarah
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Sejarah
Multiprogramming systems
Beberapa program dijalankan bersamaan
Motivasi Utama Mempermudah user
menggunakan sistem komputer
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Lingkungan Sistem Operasi
Beragam jenis sistem operasi Tergantung kebutuhan user Lingkungan high-end
Rancangan dan Kebutuhan dukungan perangkat keras yang khusus
Large main memory Special-purpose hardware Large numbers of processes
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Lingkungan Sistem Operasi
Embedded systems Sumber daya khusus berukuran kecil Fungsionalitas untuk perangkat dengan sumber
daya terbatas Mis: cell phones dan PDAs
Kunci sukses: Pengelolaan sumber daya yang efisien
Promote mobility
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Lingkungan Sistem Operasi
Real-time systems Tugas harus diselesaikan dalam rentang waktu
yang singkat Autopilot feature of an aircraft must constantly
adjust speed, altitude and direction Aksi-aksi yang tidak dapat menunggu Response time (Waktu tanggap) harus cepat
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Lingkungan Sistem Operasi
Virtual machines (VMs) Abstraksi komputer secara software Berjalan di atas native operating system Mis: VirtualBox, PC Anywhere
Virtual machine operating system Manages resources provided by virtual machine
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Lingkungan Sistem Operasi
Penggunaan virtual machines Memungkinkan multiple instances of an operating
system berjalan secara konkuren Emulasi
Software or hardware mimics functionality of hardware or software not present in system
Promote portability
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Komponen dan Tujuan Sistem Operasi
Sistem komputer berevolusi Generasi awal tidak memiliki SO Generasi berikutnya menuntut multiprogramming
dan timesharing Personal computers dan sistem terdistribusi Perangkat mobile Perkembangan teknologi SO menyertai
perkembangan teknologi perangkat keras
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Komponen dan Tujuan Sistem Operasi
Interaksi user dengan SO Special application called a shell Kernel
Software that contains core components of operating system
Komponen SO yang selalu ada Processor scheduler Memory manager I/O manager Interprocess communication (IPC) manager File system manager
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Komponen Utama Sistem Operasi
Multiprogrammed environments jamak ditemukan Kernel mengelola eksekusi proses-proses Program components which execute independently
but use single memory space to share data are called threads.
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Komponen Utama Sistem Operasi
To access I/O device, process must issue system call
Handled by device driver Software component that interacts directly with
hardware Often contains device-specific commands
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Instruction Cycle
Fetch Instruksi diambil dari RAM Diletakkan di Instruction Register
Decode CPU menerjemahkan opcode Operand, Operator
Execute Instruksi dijalankan Hasil instruksi disimpan
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Instruction Cycle dan Process
Kecepatan prosesor Mis. 1 Ghz 1 x 10^9 siklus F-D-E
Process Instruksi bahasa mesin yang dijalankan oleh CPU Primary memory (RAM)
Program Instruksi bahasa mesin yang pasif Secondary memory
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Process
Instruksi bahasa mesin di-load ke RAM CPU mem-fetch instruksi pertama CPU men-decode CPU meng-execute Instruction Pointer di-increment
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Single Process System
Dalam satu saat hanya ada satu process yang dieksekusi di CPU
Proses lain harus menunggu Kurang efektif
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Batch System
Dalam satu saat ada satu process dieksekusi Lebih dari satu process diload ke RAM Antrian process
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Timesharing System
Dalam satu saat ada lebih dari satu process dieksekusi
Pembagian waktu antara proses Quantum time
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Pustaka
Avi Silberschatz, "Operating System Concepts" http://codex.cs.yale.edu/avi/os-
book/OS8/os8j/index.html Andrew Tanenbaum, "Modern Operating
Systems" http://www.cs.vu.nl/~ast/books/mos2/ Harvey Deitel, "Operating Systems" tjerdastangkas.blogspot.com/search/label/ikh311