ijNdúl iïm;a hymd,kh jeäohqK lÍu ;=

iajNdúl iïm;a hymd,kh jeäoshqKq lsÍu ;=<ska .%dóh

ck;djf.a os<s̀ÿlu wjulsÍfï jHdmD;sh'

mqyqKq w;afmd;

fidndoyu ixrlaIK wka;¾cd;sl ix.uh (IUCN) ,mßir hqla;s flakaøh (CEJ) tlaj ls%hd;aul lrk jHdmD;shls'

mßir hqla;s flakaøh fkd 20A

l=remamq mdr fld<U 08

iajNdúl iïm;a md,kh ms<sn| mqyqKq w;afmd;

mQ¾úldj

.%dóh ÿmam;a nj wju lsÍu i|yd iajNdúl iïm;a md,kh jeäÈhqKq lsÍu i\yd jQ

úYaj jHdmD;sh IUCN iajNdjO¾uh ixrlaIkh lsÍu i|yd jQ wka;¾cd;sl ixúOdkh

úiska úúO rgjõ .Kkdjl l%shd;aul lrkq,nk wka;¾cd;sl ixj¾Okh i|yd jk

fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ^tlai;a rdcOdksfha wOdr u.ska& wruqo, u.ska wOdr imhkq

,nkakls'ijNdúl iïm;a lrd iOdrK yd iudkd;au;djhlska hq;= m%fõYhla hkako

we;=<;aj jvd fyd| iajNdúl iïm;a md,khla yryd Ôjfkdamdhka flfrys

iqrlaIs;Ndjh jvd j¾Okh lsÍu yd iyNd.s;ajhla iys; mdroDYH ;SrK .ekSula

i|yd jvd jeä bv ie,iSu fuu mia jia jHdmD;sfhaka wfmalaIs;h’' tu jHdmD;sfha tla

wx.hla jk —Y%S ,xldfõ .%dóh ÿ.S ckhd i|yd iajNdúl iïm;a md,kh jeä ÈhqKq

lsÍu˜ Y%S ,xldfj lafI;% 4la ;=< l%shd;aul lrñka mf;sk w;r bka folla fjr<nv

mdrSirsl moaO;s foll ^jhU m<df;a mq;a;,u l<mqj iy kef.kysr m<df;a fmßh

l<mq l<mqj & iy jkdka;r mdßißl moaO;s foll ^ W!j m<df;a ks,a., iy

inr.uq m<df;a ;`ÿuq̀ÿka jkdka;r l<dmh& l%shd;aulh'

fuu lafI;% y;r ;=< fuu jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï oS IUCN iy tys yjq,a

lrejka iajNdúl iïm;a l<uKdlrKhg wod< mq¿,a .eg,q rdYshlg uqyqKmd ;sfí'

t w;r iudch ;=< md,kh hkak ms<sn|j we;s ye`.Sï wju ùu md,kh hkak

ixl,amuh jYfhka ia:dms; lsÍfï we;s ÿIalr;d ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdj,sfhaoS md,kfha

we;=<;a uQ,sldx.hka ms<sn|j wvq ie,ls,a, iy ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdj,sh i|yd iudkH

ck;djf.a iyNd.s;ajh wju ùu hk ldrKdo we;=<;ah' jir .Kkdjla uq¿,af,a

wdY%s; l%shdj,Ska flfrys fmdÿck úYajdih LKavkh ùfï m%;sM,hla ;=< ;SrK

.ekSfï l%shdj,sfhaoS iudk yjq,a lrefjl= jYfhka mj;s' Tjqkaf.a iajNdúl iïm;a

l<uKdlrKh ms<sn| N+ñldj wysñ lsÍu ms<sn| ye`.Sula m%cdj ;=< mj;s'

mqyqKq lsÍfï w;afmd;la l=ula i|ydo @

lafIa;% y;r ;=< jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfïoS iudch ;=< mq¿,a ck;djla w;r

oekqkj;a Ndjh by< kexùu i|yd Yla;su;a W;aiyhla l<uKdlrKh lsÍfï

fldaKfhka .;al< iajNdúl iïm;a md,kh lrñka iy tajd Ndú; lrkakka w;r

fuh jeo.;a fõ tls yÈis wjYH;djh i|yd fuu w;afmd; tla ms<s;=rls'

fuu mqyqKq w;afmd; úYd, mrdYhl mdGlhka msßila wduka;%Kh lsÍug wfmalaId

lrñka iajNdúl iïm;a l<uKdlrKh lsÍfï fldaKfhka .;al< ^;dlaIKsl

WmlrKo we;=<;aj& uQ,sl wOHhkhla ,ndoSu;a ta i|yd rduqjla ilia lsßu i|yd;a

ilikq we;'

ljqreka ÈhqKq lrk ,oafoao@

fuu w;afmd; mq¿,a WmfoaYk l%shdjúhla yryd ilik ,oaols' IUCN - wdishd

l<dmSh mdßißl jevigyka m%Odks – meg%sIshd fudaf¾ uy;añh úiska tu ÈhqKq lsÍfï

l%shdjúh i|yd kdhl;ajh imhkq ,eîh' fuys lKavdhu mdßißl ks;s{jreka

wOFdmksl iy lafIa;%fha l%shdldÍka f.ka iukaú; jq w;r Tjqka úúOdldrfhka

iyfhda.h oelajqy'

Y%S ,xldfõ mj;ajk ,o jevuqq¿ .KkdjloS fufia jeä ÈhqKq lrk ,oafoa mßlaId

fldg iudf,dapkh lr iy msßmyÿ lr .ekSfuka miqjh' ta Bg iyNd.s jQ fuu

iajNdúl iïm;a

l<uKdlrKh l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd j.lqj hq;= rcfha ks<OdÍka tajd Ndú;

lrkakka iy wfkl=;a õfYI{hska Bg odhl úh'lafIia;%fhaoS we;sjk m%dfhda.sl

m%Yak j,g ms<s;=re iys;j Tjqkaf.a iyNd.s;ajh jvd;a bÈß m%.;shla igyka lf<ah'

w;afmd; u.ska jvd;a kdjeroa f,I woyia bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd nx.a,dfoaYfhaoS

mj;ajk ,o, WmfoaYk jevuq,qj iy l<dmSh WmfoaYk jevuq,q Wmfhda.s úh' fuu

jevuq,q i|yd iyNd.s jQjka iajNdúl iïm;a Ndú;fhaoS u;=jk .eg,q ksrdlrKh

lsÍfï oS oekqu iy w;aoelSï júka b;d mq,q,a mrdihl me;sr.sh ixialD;sl miqìï

ksfhdckh l<y'

w;afmd; ixúOdkh lrkq ,en we;af;a flfiao@

fuu mqyqKq w;afmd; ieisjdr 14 lska iy iudrïNl ieishlska iukaú; jk w;r Èk

3 kg meje;aùu i|yd ie,iqï lr we;' iEu ieishla i|ydu úfYaIs; ud;Dldjla

wdjrKh flf¾' iEu ieisjdrhla i|ydu mqyqqKQ WmlrK iemfhk w;r ;dlaIKsl

WmlrK mj¾ fmdhskaÜ bÈßm;a lsÍï m%dfhda.sl ksoiqka lreKq wOHhkh iy

wNHdihkao we;=<;ah ' w;afmdf;ys ixúOdkh th Ndú;h u.ska w;aoelSï

,nd.ekSug yelsjk mßÈ w;sf¾l wdlD;s oS¾> lr.ekSfï wjia:dj i,ihs' tfyhska

w;afmd;a u.ska wdx.sl iy jevj, m%.;shi y kjuq w;aoelSï u.ska ,efnk m%;s,dN

u; mokïj wjia:djka j¾Okh lr.eksu flfrys úOdkh fhduq l< hq;=fõ' jvd;a

ldjÈk iq¿ bf.kqu yd W.ekqula i|yd Ndú;hg myiq wdlD;s i|yd fmdÿ

wdlD;shla iy ie,eiaula tu.ska ilidf.k ;sfí' mqyqKq wjYH;d i|yd mj;sk

iïm;a u; mokïj mqyqKq jevigyka w¾O Èk tlaÈk iy ;=ka Èk jYfhka fjkia

lr.; yelsh' ;=kaÈk mqyqKq wdlD;sh my; i|yka ud;Dld wdjrKh lrhs'

Èkh 1 ( md,kh w¾: oelaùu

md,kfha wx.

Èkh 2 ( md,kfha uQ,O¾u

md,kfha rduqj

iajNdúl iïm;a md,kfhaoS wod, k md,kfha idudkH wx. iy uQ,O¾u

fhdod.kq

,nk wdldrh'

Èkh 3 ( md,kfha rduqj ;=< tys Ndú;fha mßph

( .eg,q iy ueÈy;a ùï

( .%dñh ÿmam;alu wju lsÍu i|yd iajNdúl iïm;a md,kh hkak odhljk

wdldrh

i|yd ksoiqka'

msßi @

fuu w;afmd; wjYH;d iy mj;sk iïm;a u; mokï fjñka my< uÜgfï m%cdfõ

isg by< uÜgfï ;SrK ,kq ,nk ks<OdÍka olajd jq úYd, mrdYhla f;la mq,q,a

msßila f;la j¾Okh lr.; yels rduqjl mj;skakls’' ta wkqj fuys Y%djl msßi

wêlrKuh kS;s jD;a;slhka foaYmd,{hka ^cd;sl m<d;ano iy .%dóh uÜgfï &

wdh;kuk ks,OdÍka ^ cd;sl m<d;ano iy .dóh uÜgfï & iajNdúl iïm;a

ms<sn|j ;SrK .ekSfïoS Bg ueÈjk l%shdldÍka isú,a iudc ixúOdk m%cd uQ, ixúOdk

iy iudkH fmdÿ ck;djo we;=<;a fõ' wfmalaIs; lKvdhug .e,fmk mßÈ tys

wka;¾.;h myiqfjka ilia lr.; yelsh'

oskh -01 ieisjdrh

fú,dj

ud;Dldj

l%ufúohka yd WmlrK

igyka

ta 8.30-

9.30 fm'j

yoqkajdoSï l%ufõohka tlsfkld fj;

;u ;uka yoqkajd oSug iyNd.sjkakka úiska úúO l%u w;rska tla l%uhlska bv i,idoSu. "iïuqL idlÉPd" " is;shï"fjk;a.

Wmlrk j.=$Flip Chart ldâ mEka / ud¾l¾ia is;shï ^úl,am&

úl,am is;shu rfÜ úúO md<d;a fyda úúO rgj, iyNd.s jkakkag ish lKavdhï fj; ish rfÜ fyda wod, l,dmfha ;ud mosxÑ m%foaYh fyda /lshd ia:dkh ±laúh yelsh.

iS 9.15-

9.30 fm'j

wfmalaIdjka l%ufõohka Èk 1/2 iudrïNl

jevigyfka§ mqyqKqlre úiska iyNd.sjkakkaf.ka fuu mqyqkq jevigykg iyNd.s jQfha uka±hs úuiSu yd flip chart tflys Tjqkaf.a ms<s;=re igyka lsÍu.

1 Èkh iy 3

Èkh mqyqkqfõÈ iyNd.sjkakkag ;ks ;ksj ,nd ÿka ldâ j, fuu mqyqkqjg iyNd.s jQfha uka±hs úuiSu yd Tjqkaf.a ms<s;=re tlla fyda jeä .Kkla iòyka lrk f,i lshd

mqyqkq ;lafiarej Èk 1/2

iudrïNl jevigyk iy m<uq osk mqyqqKqj. iudrïNl jevigyk wjidkfhaoS / Èkh wjidkfha§

Èk 3l mqyKqqj iòyd tla tla Èkh wjidkfha§ ;lafiarej isÿlrkq we;'

úl,am iajHx kÍlaIK bf.kqï Èkfmd;

Èk 3 mqyKqqj iòyd

isàu . úl,am

mqyqKqlre "Èkfmd;a wOHhkh" hk ixl,amh yÿkajd §u. iyNd.s jkakka Èkm;du Èkfmd;a, igyka mj;ajd.; hq;= w;r tl tla Èkj,§ W.kakd foa, f;areï .ekSug wmyiq foa, ksÍlaIKh iòyd bf.kSug jvd;a leu;s oE wdÈh igyka lr .ekSu .

iyNd.sjkakka úiska bf.kqï Èkfmd;la Ndú; l, hq;=h.fuh Ndú; l< hq;= jkafka 3 Èk mqyqkq mdGud,dj iòyd muKla jk w;r 1/2 Èk iudrïNh iy 1 Èk mdGud,dj iòyd fkdfõ.

bf.kqï oskfmd;ska iyNd.S jkakkag fuu mqyqKqj wjidkfha ish /lshd lafIa;%h ;=< Tjqka W.;a foa m%dfhda.slj wod, lrk whqre ie,iqï lsrSug yelsjkq we;'

1 10.15-

10.45 fm'j

“md,kh” kï ixl,amfhys miqìu

l%ufõohka md,kh hkqfjka

Tyq fyda weh woyia lrk foh ldämf;ys ,shk f,i lshkak

ieu iyNd.S jkafkl=gu fuu ldäm; uq¿ mqyqKq ieish mqrdu ;nd.kakd w;r wjidkfhaoS "wdrïNfhaoS Tyqf.a $wehf.a wjfndaOh tlu fõoehs n,kak'

iyNd.S jkakka

Tjqkaf.a uQ,sl woyia ,sùfuka miq mqyqKqlre flá bosrsm;a lsrSula ^predentation& iy wk;=rej idlÉPd jdrhla mj;ajhs

WmlrK mj¾ fmdhskaÜ bosrsm;a lsrSula ,ndfokq we;' ldä mEka$ud¾l¾ mEka

2 fm'j

10.45 -m'j 12.30

“md,kh” w¾:ksrEmkh

l%ufõohka uq,skau wNHdihla md,kh iïnkaO

w¾: oelaùï-A4 msgqj, ,shd ldurh mqrd we,ùu

iyNd.s jkakka ldurh mqrd hñka tu w¾: ksrEmk lshùu

md,kh hkakg jvd;a .e,fmkafkaoehs is;d w¾:ksrEmkh f;arSu iy ta ukaoehs meyeos,s lsrSu

fyda uQ,h fkdolajuska md,kh hkak w¾: oelaaùï ish,a, fnodyerSu lKavdhï tl`.;ajfhka meñK jvd;a .e,fmk w¾: ksrEmkh fiùu iy Tjqkaf.a ;SrKh meyeos,s lsrSu wNHdifhka miqj

md,kh ms<snòj w¾: ksrEmkh issh,a, iyNd.s jkakkaf.a oek.ekSu iòyd

fuu wNHdihg Ndú; lrk l%u fõoh ròdmj;skafka

iyNd.sjkakka ixLHdj

mqyqkqj mj;ajk ldurfha we;s bv m%udKh

l%u folgu md,kh hkafka yoqkajd osï m%njh iòyka fkdlrñka fnodyerSu iòyd ,ehsia;=.; lsrSu mqyqkqj isÿlrk ldurh ;=< md,kh hkafkys y÷kajd oSu we,úh yel' m%udKj;a bv myiqlï we;s kï tu w¾: ksrEmk we,ùu iy iyNd.S jkakka ldurh jgd hñka tajd lshùu,iy$fyda iyNd.S jkakka l=vd lKavdhï jYfhka iyNd.S jkakka úYd, lKavdhï iy $fyda mj;sk bvlv iSñ; kï m%Njh i|yka fkdl< yÿkajdoSï ,hsia;=jla Ndú;d l< hq;=h' fojk ieis jdrh 2 jk ieis jdrfhka miq w¾: ksrEmk ldurh jgd

uQ,hka iòyka lñka fnodyerSu

mqyqKqlre md,kh ms<snò w¾: ksrEmkh lrñka flá bosrsm;a lsrSula ^presentation& lrk w;r th idlÉPd olajd osfõ'

bosrsm;a lsrSfï wjidk ljq,qj mqyqKqfõ wruKqq iòyd stalce

holder hkafkys md%fhd.sl w¾: oelaùu yoqkajd fohs

WmlrK

md,kh hkak w¾: olajk miqìï f;dr;=re ldurh jgd we,úh yels f,i ;ks lvodisj, uqøKh lsrSu ^md,kh w¾: olajñka&

^úl,amj mj;sk bvlv iy iyNd.sjkakka ixLHdj u; mokïj&

wNHdihg Wmfhda.slr .ekSu iòyd m%Njh iòyka fkdl< md,kh hkafka yÿkajdoSï iys; w;a m;%sld

wNHdifhka oekqu iòyd fnodoSug wod, m%Njho iòyka lrñka md,kh hkafka yÿkajd oSï iys;j w;a m;%sld

mj¾ fmdhskaÜ

w,jd we;akï tajd .,jd oukak'mj¾ fmdhskaÜ bosrsm;a lsrSfuys wxl 08 jk ljq¿j ^Slide& ys olajd we;s iajNdúl iïm;a md,kh ms<sn| w¾: ksrEmkh we,ùu mqyqKqlreg wjYH úhyelsh' ''

bosrsm;a lsÍï imhkq ,efì

3 m'j 1.30-

1.45

md,kh hkafkys iukaú; jkoE y÷kajdoSu

l%ufõohka mqyqKqlre úiska

flá bosrsm;a lsrSula

m%Yak iy W;a;r

ixlaIsma; jYfhka WmlrK

mj¾ fmdhskaÜ bosrsm;a lsrSï 2 la iemfha

osk 1$2 iudrïNl W;aijh iy tlaosk-mqyqKqj iy 3 osk mqyqKqj

3 osk mqyqKqj i|yd 3 jk ieisjdrfhaoS md,kfha wka;¾.;hka ms<snoj y÷kajdoSu' úkdä 15 lg muKla iSudfú' ukao h;a tla tla wka;¾.;hka ms<sn| úia;rd;aulj 4-6 olajd ieisjdrhkaysos idlÑPdjk neúks'

oskh-2

7 9.10-10.00 fm'j md,kh ms<sn| uQ,O¾u iïnkaOfhka y÷kajdoSu

l%ufõohka

md,k uQ,O¾u ms<sn| ,ehsia;=jla fnodyerSu iy ta w;rska iyNd.s jkakka tlsfkld jvd;a jeo.;a hehs woyia lrk uQ,O¾u 4 la f;dard.ekSfuka wk;=rej fjku tu f;dard.ekSug fya;= b|srsm;a lrk f,i olajkak'

;ks ;sks fyda lKavdhï jYfhka ixlaIsma;

f,i f;dr;=re b|ssrsm;a lsrSu' mqyqKqlre úiska md,kfha uQ,O¾u ,ehsia;=j

ieliSfuka miq ixlaIsma; f,i b|srsm;a lsrSu'

m%Yak-W;a;r ixlaIsma; f,i

WmlrK

md,k uQ,O¾u ,ehsia;=j iyNd.S jkakka úiska jvd;a jeo.;a hehs

i,lk uQ,O¾u 4 la f;dard .ekSfuka miq iy tu f;arSu ms<sn| idlÑPd lsrSfuka wk;=rej fnodyerSu i|yd md,k uQ,O¾u j.=j

mj¾ fmdhskaÜ ljq¿ imhd fokq ,efì'

jvd;a jeo.;a md,k uQ,O¾u 4 y÷kd.ekSu,lKavdhï jYfhka fyda ;ks ;ksj mj;sk ld,h iy iyNd.Sjkakka ixLHdj u; mokï fjñka isÿl< yel' iyNd.S jkakka fyda lKavdhï úiska jeo.;a jvd;a jeo.;a hehs f;dard.;a miq idlÑPdfùoS we| oelaùug lreKq iyNd.S jkakka úiska ;ks ;ksj tu tla tla uQ,O¾uh úfYaIfhka f;dard.ekSug fya;=j l=ulao? iy md,kh i|yd úfYaIfhka iqÿiq fkdjk njg iyNd.Sjkakka woyia l< uQ,O¾u fudkjdo? iy ta ukao hkak

12 2.15 -2.45 m'j md,kh iy mrsmd,kh w;r we;s fjki

l%ufõohka

mqyqKqlre úiska wNHdih ms<sn| flá meyeos,s lsrSula

md,k .eg¿ iy mrsmd,k .eg¿ w;r fjki y÷kd.ekSug lKavdhï wNHdih

m%Yak iy ms<s;=re ixlaIsma;j wNHdifhka miq mqyqKqlre úiska flá

bosrsm;a lsrSula WmlrK

iyNd.S jkakkag fnodyerSug wNHdi mj¾ fmdhskaÜ ljq¿ imhd fokq ,efì' b;d flá .e,Sï igyka ud¾l¾ mEka

fuu wNHdifha wkqjdohka folla we;' mqyqKqlrejkag ta folu fyda tlla Ndú;d l< yelsh' l=ula l< hq;=o hkak myeos<slsrSu w;a m;s%ldfjys olajd we;' igyka fuu wNHdih idudkHfhka lKavdhï jYfhka isÿlrk w;r tysos md,k .eg¿ iy mrsmd,k .eg¿ y÷kd .ekSug iy idlÑPd lsrSug yels fú' idfmalaIj iq¿ iyNd.Sjkakka ixLHdjla isà kï fuu wNHdih ;ks ;ksj o l< yel' mqyqKqlre úiska tlsfkl lKavdhï fyda ;ks ;ks mqoa.,hka úiska md,k iy mrsmd,k .eg¿ yÿkd.;a wdldrh flá .e,Sï igykays jd¾;d lrhs' Wod

.eg¿j

md,k mrsmd,k

1

1111

2

1111

3

1111

4

1111

5

1111

6

1111

7

1111

8

1111

9

1111

13

14

2.45-3.15

3.15-4.00

4.00-4.45

úfúlh md,kh iïnkaO uQ,sldx. ms<sno ye|skaùu mekke.S we;s lreKq iïnkaOj yÿkajdoSu

l%ufõohka

12 jk ieisfha olajk ,o m%:sM,hka fhdodf.k md,kfha Wmdx. iy uQ,O¾u ms<sn|j mqyqKqlre úiska fmkajdoSu

m%Yak iy ms<s;=re

WmlrK iyNd.slhkag fnodfok ,o uQ,sldx. mj¾ fmdhskaÜ bosrsm;a lsrSfï msgq ,nd fok ,os l%ufõohka

lKavdhï jYfhka fyda fmdÿfú wNHdihka

fuu wNHdifha w;aoelSu uÕska md,k .eg¿ iy mrsmd,k .eg¿ ksjerosj y÷kd .ekSug ish¿ lKavdhï j,g yelshdj ,efì' úfõlhg fmr fyda miq mqyqKqlre úiska iyNd.Sjkakka osrs.ekaùu i|yd Tjqkaf.ka flfkl=g fyda lsysmfofkl=g hï ls%hdldrlï lrk f,i mejish hq;=h fuu ieisfhaoS iyNd.slhkag md,kh ms<sno uQ,sldx. fhdod .ksñka md,kh hkak ms,sn`o mqyqKqùï l< yel'

13

14

3.15-4.00

4.00-4.45

md,kh iïnkaO uQ,sldx. ms<sno ye|skaùu mekke.S we;s lreKq iïnkaOj yÿkajdoSu

mqyqKqlre úiska flá yeoskaùula lsrSu fmdÿ m%Yak iy ms<s;=re

WmlrK

iyNd.slhkag uQ,sldx. fnodfok ,os 12 ieisfha wNHdihkag ms<s;=re mj¾ fmdhskaÜ bosrsm;a lsrSfï msgq ,nd

fok ,os

l%ufõohka

12 jk ieisfha olajk ,o m%:sM,hka fhdodf.k md,kfha Wmdx. iy uQ,O¾u ms<sn|j mqyqKqlre úiska fmkajdoSu

m%Yak iy ms<s;=re WmlrK

iyNd.slhkag fnodfok ,o uQ,sldx. mj¾ fmdhskaÜ bosrsm;a lsrSfï msgq ,nd fok ,os

l%ufõohka

fuu wNHdifha w;aoelSu uÕska md,k .eg¿ iy mrsmd,k .eg¿ ksjerosj y÷kd .ekSug ish¿ lKavdhï j,g yelshdj ,efí' úfúlhg fmr fyda miq mqyqKqlre úiska iyNd.Sjkakka osrs.ekaùu i|yd Tjqkaf.ka flfkl=g fyda lsysmfofkl=g hï ls%hdldrlï lrk f,i mejish hq;=h fuu ieisfhaoS iyNd.lhkag md,kh ms<sno uQ,sldx. Fhdod .ksñka md,kh hkak ms,sno mqyqKqùï l< yel fojk ieisfhaoS y÷kd.;a .eg,q iyNd.slhkag mqyqKq lre úiska md,k .eg,qjla

03 jk Èkh 15

9'00 - 9'10 9'10 -10' 30

2jk Èkh i|yd iyNd.slhkaf.a flá iudf,dapkh ueÈy;aùï y`ÿkd .ekSu

l%ufõoh iafõÉPduh iyNd.slhka u.ska bÈßm;a lrk iïmsKavkhla l%ufõohka

lKavdhï l%shdldrlï lKavdhï jevj, miq

úmru m%Yak iy ms<s;=re

fuu wNHdifha wruqKq jkafka jHdmD;shla msysgqúug fmr jHdmD;shla ms<sn| ;SrK .ekSug fhdod .ekSu fyda jHdmD;sh

4.45- 5.00

5.00- 6.00 iji

m%.;s iudf,dapkh yd iaj úu¾Ykh wjidkh

lKavdhï jYfhka fyda fmdÿfú wNHdihka

WmlrK

iyNd.slhkag uQ,sldx. fnodfok ,os 12 ieisfha wNHdihkag ms<s;=re mj¾ fmdhskaÜ bosrsm;a lsrSfï msgq ,nd

fok ,os

l%ufõohka

ffoksl m%.;s iudf,dapkh iaj wOHhk b.kqï Èkfmd;

WmlrK

ffoksl m%.;s iudf,dapk f*daruh b.kqï Èkfmd; Èk ;=k w;r fojk oskfha iji i|yd úl,am'

uQ,O¾uhla iu. iïnkaO fkdú md,k Wmdx.hla iu. muKla iïnkaO jk nj u;la lr oSu' Wod' md,k .eg,qj jYfhka kS;shla wdh;khla l%shdj,shla fkdue;slu yÿkajd Èh yel' ;=kajk ieish i|yd bÈßm;a lsÍfuys 4jk iy 5 jk o¾Yk ;,hka n,kak ' fuu wNHdih lKavdhï f,i l<dkï uQ,sldx. igykl olajñka wod, .eg,q jvd bv myiq wldrhg ,súh yelsh' ;ks ;ksj tu wNHdih l,dkï md,kfha uQ,sldx`. fld,hl we`o .eg,q thg we;=,a lrkak' mj¾ fmdhskaÜ bÈßm;a lsÍñ fhdodf.k .eg,q h;=re ,shkh lrkak' ;=kajk Èkfha Woh jrefõ iyNd.slhka ;=kafofkl=g iafõÉpdfjka bÈßm;a ùug wjia:dj oSu'

16

10' 30 - 10' 45 10'45 - 11 ' 30 11' 30 - 11' 45 11' 45- 12' 00 12'00 - 12' 30 12' 30 -

úfõlh iajNdúl iïm;a md,kh iy ÿ.Snj wju lsÍu wjika m%Yak yd úia;rlsßu m%.;s iudf,dapkh yd iaj wOHhkh wjidkh Èjd wydrh

l%ufõohka

iïm;aodhl fyda mqyqKqlre úiska flá bÈßm;a lsÍula lsÍu'

m%Yak yd ms<s;=re l%ufõohka

ffoksl m%.;s iudf,dapkh

iaj wOHhkh " b.kqï Èkfmd;

WmlrK

iy;slm;a fnodoSu iyNd.slhkaf.a jeo.;a

.eg,q wjika lsÍu ixúOdhlhkaf.a .eg,q

^jeo.;a lreKq& wjika lsÍu

msysgjqnjg ;yjqre ùu md,kh iïnkaO lreKq y`ÿkd .ekSu yd .Kqfokq lSÍu' 12 jk ieisfhys wNHdifha m%Óm,h lKavdhï úiska fhdod.ksñka md,kuh .eg,q úi|d .ekSug tla ueÈy;a ùula fyda fhdod.ekSug tl`. ùu' md,kfha uQ,sldx`. lKavdhï úiska .e,Sï igykla u`.ska we| tla tla lreKg we;s ueÈy;a ùï ,shd oelaùu' mqyqKqfõ yrfhka Tíng fuu md,kuh uQ,sldx. md,kh hkak ;lafiare lsÍfïoS uQ,O¾uhla f,i fhdod .ekSu'

iajNdúl iïm;aj, md,kh ms<sn`o jevuq¿j' ^jevuq¿fõ Èkh& ^jevuq¿j mj;ajk ia:dkh& m%.;s iudf,dapkh' Tn fuu jevuq¿j iïnkaOfhka jvd;a jeo.;a hehs olajk lreK jgd rjqula w`Èkak ' Tnf.a iyfhda.hg iy odhl;ajhg ia;+;sh mqo lruq' 1& b;d i;=gq odhlhs '

2& i;=gqodhlhs' 3& ;jÿrg;a ÈhqKQúh hq;===hs' 4& iEySulg m;a úh fkdyel'

y`ÿkajd oSfï jdis 1. ieisfha wod,;ajh jQfha 1 2 3 4

2. bÈßm;a lsÍfï l%uh jQfha 1 2 3 4

3. mqyqKqlref.a ksmqK;ajh jQfha 1 2 3 4

4. fuu ieisjdr ;=<oS ,ndÿka uqøs; øjHka ud yg we;sjq 1 2 3 4

m%Yak i`oyd ms,s;=re ,enqKs

5' fjkalrk ,o ld,h jQfha 1 2 3 4 fuu ieish iïnkaOfhka we;s úfYaIs; úfõpk …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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……………………… ieish 01 md,kh iïnkao ixl,amfha miqìu

1. ieisfha wod,;ajh jQfha 1 2 3 4






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……………………… iajNdúl iïm;a md,kh"^mqyqKqfõ Èkh yd ia:dkh&" m<uq Èk m%.;s iudf,dapkh' ieish 02 md,kh w¾: oelaùu

1. 'ieisfha wod,;ajh jQfha 1 2 3 4

2. 'bÈßm;a lsÍfï l%uh jQfha 1 2 3 4


4. 'fuu ieisjdr ;=<oS ,ndÿka uqøs; øjHka ud yg we;jq 1 2 3 4



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ieish 03 md,kfha ixrplhka ms<sn`o ye`Èkaùu 1. ieisfha wod,;ajh jQfha 1 2 3 4






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……………………… ieish 04 md,kfha uQ,O¾u yeÈkaùu







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……………………… iajNdúl iïm;a md,kh"^mqyqKqfõ Èkh yd ia:dkh&" m<uq Èk m%.;s iudf,dapkh'

ieish 05 wNHdi md,kh iy l<ukdlrKh w;r fjki '







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iajNdúl iïm;a md,kh"^mqyqKqfõ Èkh yd ia:dkh&" m<uq Èk m%.;s iudf,dapkh iajNdúl iïm;aj, md,kh' ^jevuq¿fõ Èkh& ^jevuq¿j mj;ajk ia:dkh& m<uq Èk iudf,dapkh' Tn fuu jevuq¿j iïnkaOfhka jvd;a jeo.;a hehs olajk lreK jgd rjqula w`Èkak ' Tnf.a iyfhda.hg iy odhl;ajhg ia;+;sh mqo lruq' 1& b;d i;=gq odhlhs '


y`ÿkajd oSfï ieis t - ä ' 1. ieisfha wod,;ajh jQfha 1 2 3 4






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……………………… iajHx wOSlaIK - wOHhk Èkfmd; '

1. wod,;ajh jQfha 1 2 3 4

2. l%uh jQfha 1 2 3 4

3. th m%fhdackj;a jQfha 1 2 3 4

fuu ieish iïnkaOfhka we;s úfYaIs; úfõpk …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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iajNdúl iïm;a md,kh"^mqyqKqfõ Èkh yd ia:dkh&" m<uq Èk m%.;s iudf,dapkh' ieish 01 md,kh iïnkao ixl,amfha miqìu '







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ieish 02 md,kh w¾: oelaùu ' 1. ieisfha wod,;ajh jQfha 1 2 3 4






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……………………… ieish 03 md,kfha ixrplhka ms<sn`o ye`Èkaùu '







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iajNdúl iïm;a md,kh"^mqyqKqfõ Èkh yd ia:dkh&" m<uq Èk m%.;s iudf,dapkh' ieish 04 jHjia:dms; yd pdß;%dkQl+, kS;sh'







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ieish 05 wdh;k'







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ieish 05 l%shdj,s'







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……………………… iajNdúl iïm;a md,kh"^mqyqKqfõ Èkh yd ia:dkh&" m<uq Èk m%.;s iudf,dapkh' ^jevuq¿fõ Èkh& ^jevuq¿j mj;ajk ia:dkh& fojk Èk iudf,dapkh' Tn fuu jevuq¿j iïnkaOfhka jvd;a jeo.;a hehs olajk lreK jgd rjqula w`Èkak ' Tnf.a iyfhda.hg iy odhl;ajhg ia;+;sh mqo lruq' 1& b;d i;=gq odhlhs '


ieish 07 md,kfha uQ,O¾u yeÈkaùu ' 1. ieisfha wod,;ajh jQfha 1 2 3 4






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……………………… ieish 08 iyNd.s;ajh'







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iajNdúl iïm;a md,kh"^mqyqKqfõ Èkh yd ia:dkh&" m<uq Èk m%.;s iudf,dapkh' ieish 09 úksúoNdjh'







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ieish 10 j.lSu







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ieish 11 wkqudklsÍu $kS;sfha n,h







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……………………… iajNdúl iïm;a md,kh"^mqyqKqfõ Èkh yd ia:dkh&" m<uq Èk m%.;s iudf,dapkh' ieish 12 wNHdi - md,kh iy l<ukdlrKh w;r fjki







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ieish 13 md,kfha iSudj ms<snò y`ÿkajd oSu







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……………………… ieish 14 o¾Ylhka yòkajdoSu







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……………………… iajNdúl iïm;a md,kh"^mqyqKqfõ Èkh yd ia:dkh&" m<uq Èk m%.;s iudf,dapkh' iajNdúl iïm;aj, md,kh' ^jevuq¿fõ Èkh& ^jevuq¿j mj;ajk ia:dkh& f;jk Èk iy iuia: mqyqKq iudf,dapkh' Tn fuu jevuq¿j iïnkaOfhka jvd;a jeo.;a hehs olajk lreK jgd rjqula w`Èkak ' Tnf.a iyfhda.hg iy odhl;ajhg ia;+;sh mqo lruq' 1& b;d i;=gq odhlhs '


ieish 15 '.eg¿ y`ÿkd.ekSu" ueÈy;aùï " o¾Yl 1. ieisfha wod,;ajh jQfha 1 2 3 4






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……………………… ieish 16 .eg¿ yòqkd.ekSu " ueosy;aúu yd ixj¾Ok o¾Ylhka







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……………………… iajNdúl iïm;a md,kh"^mqyqKqfõ Èkh yd ia:dkh&" m<uq Èk m%.;s iudf,dapkh' ieish 17 md,kh ms<sm`o ;lafiare lsÍu '







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……………………… ieish 18 iajNdúl iïm;a md,kh iy È<s̀ÿlu wjulsÍu







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……………………… iuia:hla f,i mqyqKq mdGud,dj ,;a l,

1. mdGud,dfõ wka:¾.; lreKq ud yg wod,$m%fhdackj;a úh 1 2 3 4

2. uf.a wfmalaIdjka i:, úh 1 2 3 4

3. iuia:hla f,i mdGud,dj ixúOdkh 1 2 3 4

4. uq¿ mdGud,dj i|yd fjkalr ;snQ ld,h 1 2 3 4

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……………… by; oelajq m%.;s iudf,dapkfhka Tn úiska ;jÿrg;a wkq.ukh l,hq;= hñ k%shdjla fhdackd lrkafkao @ tfiakï th l=ula úh hq;=o @ ………………………………………………………………………………………….

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............. iajNdúl iïm;a md,kh"^mqyqKqfõ Èkh yd ia:dkh&" m<uq Èk m%.;s iudf,dapkh' iajNdúl iïm;aj, md,kh' ^jevuq¿fõ Èkh& ^jevuq¿j mj;ajk ia:dkh& mqyqKq iudf,dapkh' Tn fuu jevuq¿j iïnkaOfhka jvd;a jeo.;a hehs olajk lreK jgd rjqula w`Èkak ' Tnf.a iyfhda.hg iy odhl;ajhg ia;+;sh mqo lruq' 1& b;d i;=gq odhlhs '


Y`ÿkajd oSfï ieis t - vs 1. ieisfha wod,;ajh jQfha 1 2 3 4






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……………………… ieish 01 md,kfha uQ,O¾u ms<sn`o miqìu







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iajNdúl iïm;a md,kh"^mqyqKqfõ Èkh yd ia:dkh&" m<uq Èk m%.;s iudf,dapkh' ieish 02 md,kh yeÈkaùu







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……………………… ieish 03 md,kfha ixrpl yiqkajd oSu







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……………………… ieish 04 md,kh ms<sn`o uQ,O¾u yÿkajdoSu







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iajNdúl iïm;a md,kh"^mqyqKqfõ Èkh yd ia:dkh&" m<uq Èk m%.;s iudf,dapkh' ieish 05 wNHdi md,kh iy l<ukdlrkh w;r fjki







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……………………… ieish 06 md,kh ms<sn`o rduqj yÿkajdoSu







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ieish 07 iajNdúl iïm;a md,kh iy È<s̀ÿnj wjulsÍu 1. ieisfha wod,;ajh jQfha 1 2 3 4






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……………………… iajNdúl iïm;a md,kh"^mqyqKqfõ Èkh yd ia:dkh&" m<uq Èk m%.;s iudf,dapkh' (presentation 1)

NRG ieish 1 miqìu

(presentation 2)

1· ieish¸ md,kh yÿkajd oSu' miqìï f;dr;=re' jir 300 lg;a wêl ld,hla ;siafia md,kh hk kjuq ixl,amh wm iu. mej;=ks' miq.sh 20 jirl ld,h ;=< ixj¾Ok iy ixrlaIK lafIa;%kays j¾OkSh wjOdkh th k;=lrf.k we;· 2002 j¾IfhaoS OrKsh ixj¾Okh ms<sn`o f,dal iïfï,kfhaoS md,kh jeä ÈhqkqlsrSu i|yd rch úiska W;aiyhla .kakd ,oS· md,kh hk fhÿu ks;r fhdod.kq ,nkafka f,aLlhd fyda lÓlhd we;a;jYfhkau bka woyia lrk foa úfYaIKh lsÍfuka f;drjh' 1990 .Kkaj, ueo Nd.fha isg tlai;a cd;skaf.a wdh;k nyqmd¾Yúl ixj¾Ok nexl= l,dmSh wd¾Ól taldnoaO;d ixúOdk oaúmd¾Yúl wka;¾cd;sl Kh oSfï wdh;k iy we;=¿j fndfyda wdh;k iy ixúOdk úiska Tjqkaf.au w¾: oelaùï ilidf.k we; fï úúOdldr jQ w¾: oelaùï iuyr wddldrj,ska iudk jk w;r ;j;a wdldr j,ska w;sYh fjkia fõ' md,kh hkak l=ulao ms<sn| ta wkqj wjq,a iy.; ;;ajhla ks¾udKh ù we;' md,kh ms<sn| we;s w¾: msremKhka n,h iy wêldß;ajh l%shdfjys fhoõu ms<sn| cd;sl iy wka;¾cd;sl ixúOdk j,ska ,nd .kakd ,o tajd fõ wfkl=;a tajd wjOdrkh lrkafka l%shdoduh iy ;SrK .ekSu iïnkaOfhks wfkl==;a ks¾jpkhka fr.=,dis fydaa kS;s yd wdh;k iñnkaOfhka wjOdrKh lrhs' iuyr w¾:ksrEmk j,ska lshfjkafka l<uKdlrKh iy md,kh tlu fohla njhs' kuq;a th tfia jkafka ke;' rchla ;SrK .eksu iy l%shd;aul lsÍu ms<sn|j j. fkdlshhs' md,kfhaoS ish¿u mqrjeishkaf.a iyNd.s;ajh wjYH fõ' iuyr ks¾jpk j,ska lshfjkafka md,kh hkq l<ukdlrkh njhs' kuq;a th tfia fkdfõ l<uKdlrKh hkq md,kfha fldgils' md,kh Wmdh iïnkaO jk w;r l<ukdlrkh fufyhqï iïnkaO fjhs' l<uKdlrKh ;SrK l%shd;aul lsÍfïos fhdod.kakd WmlrKhls' md,kh hkq l=ula l< hq;=o@ hkak ms<sn|j úYd, ;SrKhla .ekSuls' ksoiqkla f,i m%cduÜgñka c,h md,kh lsÍu jeks fohla oelaúh yelsh' tysoS l<uKdlrKh hkq fuu jdß c,h fíod.ekSug fhdod.kakd jdß c,h iudkj fnod.eksu hkakhs tkï yeu fkfkl=gu c,h ,efnk mßÈ fuu c,h fnod .ekSug fhdod.kakd hdka;%Kh fõ' miq.sh jir 20 ;siafia j¾Okh jQ w¾: ksrEmk foi n,k úg md,kh hkak n,h l%shdfõ fhoSu ;SrK .ekSu iy l%shd;aul lsÍu iïnkaO fõ' md,kfha m%Odk wx.hka jkafka kS;s fyda fr.=,dis wdh;k iy l%shd mámdàkah md,kh hkak ish,a,kaf.au wjYH;d tlu f,i imqrkakla hk ixl,amh j¾Okh ù we;af;a W;=re iy ndysr iudchkays yg.kakla jk w;r tfyhska th ngysr fkdjk iudchka fj; mßj¾;kh lsÍug yd we;=¿ lsÍug W;aiy .ekSu ksrka;r wNsfhda.hls' fndfyda wdh;k md,kh hkak w¾: olajd we;s w;r th úúO iudc yd ixialD;SkaysoS jir .Kkdjla uq¿,af,a fjkiajk yd mrskduh jkakla f,ih' fuu w¾:ksrEmk ;=<ska wod, wdh;k j, úfYaIs; wruqKq ms<sìUq lrhs' fndfyda wdh;k hy md,kh hkak úYaùh wruqKla f,i i|yka l,o ;j;a iuyr wdh;k th yÿkd.kq ,nkafka hym;a md,kh hkak f,ihs' w;HjYHfhkau hkak fmdÿ jYfhka f;areï .; hq;a;la jk w;r th ngysr fkdjk iudchla flfrys l%shd;aul jkakla njhs' j¾:;udkfhys hy md,kh hkak ukskq ,nk ñkqï tallh jkafka i;H f,iu ld¾ñl ixj¾Okfha m%;sM,hs' tlai;a cd;Skaf.a wd¾Ól yd iudcSh fldñiu ^wdishd iy meismsla& UNESCAP ys olajk mßÈ hy md,kh <`.d ùug wmyiq tfy;a iudchla úiska tfia lsÍug wfmalaIs; kshu ixl,amhla njhs' fuh md,kh hkak tla ixo¾Nhla f,i hï rgla md,kh i|yd l%shdud¾. .Kkdjla Wmfhda.s lr.kakd nj wjfndaO lr.ekSu jXd;a h:d¾;jdoS fõ' md,kh ixl,amh tys wka;¾.; whs;uhka iy uQ,O¾u hk

fldakfhka .;al, rglg jvd;a M,odhs l=ulao iy th f.dvk.kafka flfiao hkak myiqfjka f;areï.; yelsjkq we;' fuu f;dr;=reilid .kq ,enqfõ fudf¾ meg%sIShd f;dauia f.%an¾ iy iehsud fn.a 2010jkdka;r kS;sfha md,kh iy n,d;aul lsrSu lafI;%fha fidhd .ekSï - IUCN¡ fï f;dr;=re ms<sn| ;j;a wdldrhl oelSu;a- meáihsfuhs iy frdkakfldaka g%s¾,efkaka 2010 iajNdúl iïm;a md,kh mqyqkq lrejkaf.a w;afmd; IUCN,

RECOFTC, SNV , BANKOK. wdY%s; f,aLk

van Bodegom, Arend J. et al. 2008. FLEGT beyond T: Exploring the meaning of “Governance” concepts for the FLEGT process, p. IV-3. Wageningen University

& Research Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands. Available on-line: http://www.cdic.wur.nl/NR/rdonlyres/DFDA8928-9664-4EF3-A593-C5E3023D3164/70310/FLEGT_beyond_T.pdf Accessed 13 September 2009

Borrini-Feyeraband, Grazia. 2008. Implementing the CBD Programme of Work on Protected Areas: Governance as key for effective and equitable protected area systems. IUCN Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy. Briefing Note 8. February. p. 1. Available on-line: http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/governance_of_protected_areas_for_cbd_pow_briefing_note_08_1.pdf Accessed 20 November 2009.

Bosselmann, Klaus, Engel, Ron and Taylor, Prue. 2008. Governance for Sustainability – Issues, Challenges, Successes. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.

Regional Community Forestry Training Center for Asia and the Pacific. 2004. Multiplying the Impact of Community Forestry: RECOFTC Strategic Plan 2004-2009. Available on-line: http://www.recoftc.org/site/fileadmin/docs/publications/The_Grey_Zone/RECOFTCStrategicPlan04-09/RECOFTC_strategic_plan_2004-2009.pdf Accessed 20 November 2009.

Grindle, Merilee S. 2002. Good Enough Governance: Poverty Reduction and Reform in Developing Countries. Prepared for the Poverty Reduction Group of the World Bank. Available on-line: http://www.gsdrc.org/docs/open/HD32.pdf Accessed 10 May 2009.

Mayers, J. et al. 2006. Forest Governance and social justice: practical tactics from a learning group approach in Africa. In International Forestry Review Vol.

8(1), p. 102. Available on-line: http://portals.wi.wur.nl/files/docs/landscapes/forest%20governance%20learning%20group%20experiences.pdf Accessed 7 November 2009.

Plumptre, Tim and John Graham. 1999. Governance and Good Governance: International and Aboriginal Perspectives. Institute on Governance. Canada. December 3, 1999. Available on-line: http://www.iog.ca/publications/govgoodgov.pdf Accessed 25 October 2009. An updated version of the 1999 paper was published in 2000: Plumptre, Tim and John Graham. 2000. Governance in the New Millennium: Challenges for Canada. Institute on Governance. January. Available on-line: http://www.iog.ca/publications/governance.pdf Accessed 9 November 2009

http://www.cdic.wur.nl/NR/rdonlyres/DFDA8928-9664-4EF3-A593-C5E3023D3164/70310/FLEGT_beyond_T.pdf

http://www.cdic.wur.nl/NR/rdonlyres/DFDA8928-9664-4EF3-A593-C5E3023D3164/70310/FLEGT_beyond_T.pdf

http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/governance_of_protected_areas_for_cbd_pow_briefing_note_08_1.pdf

http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/governance_of_protected_areas_for_cbd_pow_briefing_note_08_1.pdf

http://www.recoftc.org/site/fileadmin/docs/publications/The_Grey_Zone/RECOFTCStrategicPlan04-09/RECOFTC_strategic_plan_2004-2009.pdf

http://www.recoftc.org/site/fileadmin/docs/publications/The_Grey_Zone/RECOFTCStrategicPlan04-09/RECOFTC_strategic_plan_2004-2009.pdf

http://www.gsdrc.org/docs/open/HD32.pdf

http://portals.wi.wur.nl/files/docs/landscapes/forest%20governance%20learning%20group%20experiences.pdf

http://portals.wi.wur.nl/files/docs/landscapes/forest%20governance%20learning%20group%20experiences.pdf

http://www.iog.ca/publications/govgoodgov.pdf%20Accessed%2025%20October%202009

http://www.iog.ca/publications/govgoodgov.pdf%20Accessed%2025%20October%202009

http://www.iog.ca/publications/governance.pdf%20Accessed%209%20November%202009

http://www.iog.ca/publications/governance.pdf%20Accessed%209%20November%202009

Presentation3

1 md,kh hkq hï rgl foaYmd,ksl wd¾:sl iy mrsmd,k hk ish¿u n,dêldrhkaf.a

l<uKdlrKh ms<sn| wNHdihhs¡

2 md,kh hkafkka woyia lrkq ,nkafka ;SrK .ekSfñ ls%hdj,sh iy tu ;SrK ls%hdfú fhoùu fyda fkdfhoùu ms<sn| ls%hdmámdáhhs¡

3 md,kh hkq hï cd;shlf.a lghq;= lrf.k hEu i|yd wjYH jkakdjQ foaYmdk wd¾:sl iy mrsmd,k n,dêldrhkaf.a jEhuls¡

4 hy md,kh hkq Ñria:dhs ixj¾Okh iy iudkd;au;djh ms<sn| wruqKq lr.ksñka ñksia "iajNdúl"wd¾:sl iy uQ,Huh iïm;a mdroDIH iy j.lsjhq;= mrsos l<uKdlrKh lsrSuhs' ¡

5 md,kh hkafkka woyia lrkq ,nkafka ^l<dmSh& uÜgfñoS n,h ls%hd;aul lrkq ,nk wdldrj,ska rS;s"ls%hd mámdàka iy yeisrSï úfYaIfhkau újD; Ndjh"iyNd.S;ajh"j.lSï iy.; nj "id¾:l Ndjh iy meyeos,s Ndjh n,mEï we;sjk wdldrhhs¡

6 md,kh hkak iEoS we;af;a rgl n,dêldrS wdh;k iy iïm%Odhkaj, tl;=jlsks¡ fuhg rchka f;arS m;ajk wdldrh;a miq úmru yd bj;alr kej; m;alrjd .ekSu hk ls%hdj,Skao óg we;=<;ah¡

7 hï cd;shlf.a lghq;= l<uKdlrKh lsrSug n,h ls%hd;aul lrjkq ,nk wdldrh iy fjk;a cd;Ska iuÕ tys in|;d ls%hdmámdáh md,kh kïfú¡

8 mqrjeishka Tjqkaf.a iy rdcH wdh;k ks<OdrSka w;r wka;¾ in|;djh ms<sn| wod,jk wdh;ksl mrsirh "zmd,kh Z kïfú¡

9 md,kh hkafkka uyck;djiy wdh;k úiska hï fmdÿ wruqKla bgqlr.ekSu i|yd lghq;= lrk wdldrh";SrK .ekSï"n,h ls%hd;aul lrùu hk ls%hdj,sh iy ta i|yd Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,nk jákdlï"rS;s iy wdh;khka olajkq ,efì¡

10 md,kh hkq n,h Ndú;d lrkq ,nk wdldrh;a n,dêldrh iy hï rgla tys lghq;= l<uKdlrKh lrkq ,nk wdldrh woyia fú¡

11 md,kh hkafkka iudchla yd wdh;khla jeo.;a ;SrK .kq ,nk ls%hdj,sh;a ta i|yd fhdod.kq ,nkafka ljqrekao hkj. ;SrKh lsrSu;a iy tajdfha lghq;= ie,fik wdldrh ms<sn| j.n,d.ekSu;a ms<sn| ls%hdj,shhs¡

12 md,kh hkq iudchla md,kh lrkq ,nk l%u fúoh fyda ls%hdj,shhs' ¡

13 uyck ks<Odrska iy wdh;k Tjqkaf.a n,h uyck m%;sm;a;s ilia lsrSug iy ck;djg NdKav iy fiajd iemhSu i|yd tu n,h ,nd.kakd iy ls%hd;aul lrkq ,nk wdldrh fmdÿfú úia;r lrkq ,nk wdldrhhs¡

md,kh yeÈkaùu 1 md,kh hkq hï rgl foaYmd,ksl wd¾:sl iy mrsmd,k

hk ish¿u n,dêldrhkaf.a l<uKdlrKh ms<sn| wNHdihhs¡

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

2 md,kh hkafkka woyia lrkq ,nkafka ;SrK .ekSfñ

ls%hdj,sh iy tu ;SrK ls%hdfú fhoùu fyda fkdfhoùu ms<sn| ls%hdmámdáhhs¡

United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP)

3 md,kh hkq hï cd;shlf.a lghq;= lrf.k hEu i|yd

wjYH jkakdjQ foaYmdk wd¾:sl iy mrsmd,k n,dêldrhkaf.a jEhuls¡

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

4 hy md,kh hkq Ñria:dhs ixj¾Okh iy

iudkd;au;djh ms<sn| wruqKq lr.ksñka ñksia "iajNdúl"wd¾:sl iy uQ,Huh iïm;a mdroDIH iy j.lsjhq;= mrsos l<uKdlrKh lsrSuhs

Council of the European Union

5 md,kh hkafkka woyia lrkq ,nkafka ^l<dmSh&

uÜgfñoS n,h ls%hd;aul lrkq ,nk wdldrj,ska rS;s"ls%hd mámdàka iy yeisrSï úfYaIfhkau újD; Ndjh"iyNd.S;ajh"j.lSï iy.; nj "id¾:l Ndjh iy meyeos,s Ndjh n,mEï we;sjk wdldrhhs¡

Commission of the European Communities

6 md,kh hkak iEoS we;af;a rgl n,dêldrS wdh;k iy

iïm%Odhkaj, tl;=jlsks¡fuhg rchka f;arS m;ajk wdldrh;a miq úmru yd bj;alr kej; m;alrjd .ekSu hk ls%hdj,Skao óg we;=,;ah¡

The World Bank

7 hï cd;shlf.a lghq;= l<uKdlrKh lsrSug n,h

ls%hd;aul lrjkq ,nk wdldrh iy fjk;a cd;Ska iuÕ tys in|;d ls%hdmámdáh md,kh kïfú¡

African Development Bank (AfDB)

8 mqrjeishka Tjqkaf.a iy rdcH wdh;k ks<OdrSka w;r

wka;¾ in|;djh ms<sn| wod,jk wdh;ksl mrsirh "zmd,kh Z kïfú¡

Asian Development Bank (ADB)

9 md,kh hkafkka uyck;djiy wdh;k úiska hï fmdÿ

wruqKla bgqlr.ekSu i|yd lghq;= lrk wdldrh";SrK .ekSï"n,h ls%hd;aul lrùu hk ls%hdj,sh iy ta i|yd Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,nk jákdlï"rS;s iy wdh;khka olajkq ,efì¡

Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)

http://www.oecd.org/




md,kh yeÈkaùu

10 md,kh hkq n,h Ndú;d lrkq ,nk wdldrh;a

n,dêldrh iy hï rgla tys lghq;= l<uKdlrKh lrkq ,nk wdldrh woyia fú¡

Department for International Development (DFID)

11 md,kh hkafkka iudchla yd wdh;khla jeo.;a ;SrK

.kq ,nk ls%hdj,sh;a ta i|yd fhdod.kq ,nkafka ljqrekao hkj. ;SrKh lsrSu;a iy tajdfha lghq;= ie,fik wdldrh ms<sn| j.n,d.ekSu;a ms<sn| ls%hdj,shhs¡

Institute on Governance

12 md,kh hkq iudchla md,kh lrkq ,nk l%u fúoh

fyda ls%hdj,shhs'

International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED)

13 uyck ks<Odrska iy wdh;k Tjqkaf.a n,h uyck

m%;sm;a;s ilia lsrSug iy ck;djg NdKav iy fiajd iemhSu i|yd tu n,h ,nd.kakd iy ls%hd;aul lrkq ,nk wdldrh fmdÿfú úia;r lrkq ,nk wdldrhhs¡

The Brookings Institution

Definitions of Governance 1 Governance is the exercise of political, economic and administrative authority in the

management of a country’s affairs at all levels. 2 Governance means the process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are

implemented, or not implemented. 3 Governance is the exercise of political, economic and administrative authority necessary to

manage a nation’s affairs. 4 Good governance is the transparent and accountable management of human, natural,

economic and financial resources for the purposes of equitable and sustainable development.

5 Governance means rules, processes and behavior that affect the way in which powers are

exercised at [regional] level, particularly as regards openness, participation, accountability, effectiveness and coherence.

6 Governance consists of the traditions and institutions by which authority in a country is

exercised. This includes the process by which governments are selected, monitored and replaced; the capacity of the government to effectively formulate and implement sound policies; and the respect of citizens and the state for the institutions that govern economic and social interactions among them.

7 A process referring to the manner in which power is exercised in the management of the

affairs of a nation, and its relations with other nations. 8 Governance is about the institutional environment in which citizens interact among

themselves and with government agencies/officials. 9 Governance encompasses the values, rules, institutions, and processes through which

people and organizations attempt to work towards common objectives, make decisions, generate authority and legitimacy, and exercise power.

10 Governance is about the use of power and authority and how a country manages its affairs. 11 Governance is the process whereby societies or organizations make important decisions,

determine whom they involve and how they render account. 12 Governance is the process or method by which society is governed. 13 Governance describes the overall manner in which public officials and institutions acquire

and exercise their authority to shape public policy and provide public goods and services.

Presentation 4

NRG ieish 4 kS;s

kS;s kS;s-jHjia:dms; iy pdrs;%dkql+, miqìï f;dr;=re jHjia:dms; iy pdrs;%dkql+, kS;s uÕska whs;sjdislï ks¾udKh lrhs' wdh;k iy ls%hdj,Ska fj; moku imhhs¡ ñksiqka tlsfkld iuÕ fukau iajNdúl iïm;a iuÕo lghq;= lsrSfñoS wjYH jk uQ,sl uQ,O¾u ixia:dmkh lrjhs¡ wd¾:sl iy uQ,Huh wxYhka iajNdúl iïm;a iïnkaOj fyda ;SrK .ekSu foig fhduqjk w;r pdrs;%dkql+, fukau jHjia:dms; kS;sho ms<sìUq fú¡ jHjia:dms; kS;sh hkq rgl ,sÅ; fyda ix.Dys; kS;shhs¡ th kS;s iEoSug n,h we;s rdcH fyda w¾O rdcH wêldrSka úiska ks¾udKh lrk w;r idudkHfhka .;al, th jHjia:dodhlh iy rcfha úOdhl wxYhka fú¡ pdrs;%dkql+, kS;sh hkq idñm%Odhsl iudchka uÕska ld,hla ;siafia j¾Okh jqkq mrïmrdfjka mrñmrdjg jdÑlj jHdma; jQ kS;shls¡ kuq;a iuyr wjia:dj, pdrs;%dkql+, kS;sh ,sÅ; wjia:d oelsh yel¡ fndfyda iudchkays jHjia:dms; kS;Ska úiska iajNdúl iïm;a md,kh jqjo ;SrK .ekSfñoS w,sÅ; pdrs;d%kql+, kS;s uQ,sl fú¡ my; oelafjkafka jHjia:dms; kS;sh iy pdrs;d%kql+, kS;sh jeâÿrg;a úia;rjk fldgia fú¡ jHjia:dms; kS;sh jHjia:dms; kS;sh uÕska iajNdúl iïm;a md,kh lsrSfñoS tu iïm;a md,kh lrkakdjQ wêldrSka yd wdh;k msysgjkq ,nhs¡ tajd tu wdh;k j.lSfuka ne| ;nk úfYaI mámdàka úh yel¡ Wodyrk f,i jHjia:dms; kS;s wka;¾.;jk iajNdúl iïm;a iïnkaO kS;s f,i my; tajd oelaúh yel¡

uQ,sl mrsir kS;s

m%cd fyda iudch iïnkaO kS;s

jkcSùka iïnkaO kS;s

c,h iïnkaO kS;s

ëjr l¾udka;h iïnkaO kS;s

fjr< iy iuqøSh iïm;a ms<sn| kS;s iajNdúl iïm;a fjk;a j¾.j, kS;s uÕskao md,kh fú¡ tajdg Wodyrk f,i

bvï kS;sh

lDIsl¾uh iïnkaO kS;sh

wdrlaIs; m%foaY ms<sn| kS;sh

cdk iïm;a iy iïnkaOjk ffcj úúO;ajh iïnkaO kSs;s

mrsmd,k kS;sh

isú,a kS;sh

wmrdO kS;sh

wod, fú' jHjia:dms; kS;sh idudkH jYfhka ;ks mqoa.,fhl= wruqKq lr.kS¡ tuÕska iajNdúl iïm;a fj; m%fúYh fukau tajd Ndú;d lsrSug bvlv imhdfok w;ru iSudjkao

mkjhs¡ tuÕska iajNdúl iïm;a iïnkaOj ;SrK .ekSfñoS uyck iyNd.S;ajh iy iajNdúl iïm;a iïnkaOfhka lghq;= lrkakdjQ rcfha ks<OdrSkaf.a j.lSu ms<sn|j f;dr;=re oek.ekSug bvlv ,ndfohs¡ kuq;a th iEu úgu tfia jkafkao ke;¡ jHjia:dms; kS;sh ;=< iajNdúl iïm;a ;+<ska cks;jk wdodhï md,kh iïnkaOfhka jk j.ka;so we;=<;a fú¡ fndfyda wjia:dj, olakg fkdue;s jqjo iuyr wjia:djka j,oS iajNdúl iïm;a iïnkaOfhka jk jdis fnod.ekSu iïnkaOfhkao j.ka;s we;=,;a fú¡ pdrs;d%kql+, kS;sh pdrs;d%kql+, kS;sh idudkHfhka iduqysl hehs y÷kd .;a;o th kS;sh uÕska ;ks mqoa.,hskaf.a whs;sjdislïo y÷kd .ks¡ kuq;a fuu mqyqKq mdGud,dj ;=<os th iudch úiska ld,dkqrEmSj j¾Okh lrf.k meñKs lgjpkfhka mej; tk kS;s jYfhka ye|skaúh yel¡ pdrs;d%kql+, kS;sfha j¾;udk Ndú;h ms<sno ú.%y lsrSfïoS th md,kh ms<sn| w¾:ksrEmkh yd ne|S mj;sk w;r tuÕska ;SrK .ekSfï n,h ld w; mj;So" ;srK ls%hd;aul lsrSfï n,h iy j.lSu ldyg ysñù we;so iy ljqreka úiska flfia j.lSu ord we;so hkak ms<sn|j lreKq ia:dms; lrhs¡ pdrs;d%kql+, kS;sh uÕska md,kh jk iajNdúl iïm;a ms<sf.k we;s fyda is;k m%udKhg jvd wod, fú¡ pdrs;%dkql+, kS;sh j¾;udkfhaoS f,dalfha jkdka;r m%foaY j,ska úYd, m%udKhla md,kh lrk njg m%n, idlaIs we;¡ kuq;a l=uk ck j¾.hla yd l=uk idïm%Odhsl ck fldgia ^wdosjdiS& Tjqkaf.a pdrs;dkql+, kS;Ska Ndú;d lrkjdoehs oelaùug ixLHd o;a;hka fkdue;¡ pdrs;%dkql+, iy jHjia:dms; kS;sh hk fol fjkiajk w;r .egqïldrS nj oelsh yel¡ ck fldgia úfYaIfhkau iajNdúl iïm;a md,kfhaoS fndfydaúg fhdod.kq ,nkafka pdrs;d%kql+, kS;shhs¡ f,dj mqrd rgj,a 100 lg jvd wêl m%udKhla wdKavql%u jHjia:dj uÕska fyda kS;sh uÕska fyda fñ l%u 2 gu pdrs;%dkql+, kS;sh y÷kd.ks¡ fuhska rgj,a 28 la wdishd;sl rgj,a fú¡ iuyr rgj,a pdrs;d%kql+, kS;s j,g wdKavql%u jHjia:duh ms<s.ekSula ,ndoS ;snqKo pdrs;%dkql+, kS;s ;ksju ls%hd;aul fú¡ iuyr úg jHjia:dms; ks;s iy iu.dójo iuyrúg .eg¿ iy.; whqrskao ls%hd;aulfú¡ ;j;a rgj,a lsysm ixLHdjla Tjqkf.a ck fldgia iy wdoSjdiS ck iuQyhd úiska pdrs;%dkql+, kSs;s ;u n, m%foaYj, muKla fhdok whqre oelsh yel¡ pdrs;%dkql+, kS;s uÕska we;sjkakdjQ whs;sjdislï ms<s.ekSug ,laúh hq;= njg úYd, jYfhka iyfhda.h M, flf¾¡ rgj,a lsysmhla th oekgu;a isÿlr we;s w;r fndfyda rgj,a tfia ke;¡ A version of this information also appears in Moore, Patti, Xuemei Zhang, and Ronnakorn Tririganon. 2011. Natural Resource Governance Trainers’ Manual. IUCN, RECOFTC, SNV, Bangkok. References

Bilal, Asad, Huma Haque and Patricia Moore. 2003. Customary Laws Governing Natural Resource Management in the Northern Areas. IUCN Pakistan Environmental Law Programme.

Colchester, M. et al. 2006. Justice in the forest: Rural livelihoods and forest law enforcement. Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research

(CIFOR). Available on-line: http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BColchester0601.pdf Accessed 30 March 2009.

Corbett, Andrew and Brian T. B. Jones. 2000. The legal aspects of Governance in CBNRM in Namibia. Paper prepared for the CASS/PLASS Second Regional Meeting on the legal aspects of governance in CBNRM, University of the

http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BColchester0601.pdf%20Accessed%2030%20March%202009

http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BColchester0601.pdf%20Accessed%2030%20March%202009

Western Cape, 16-17 October 2000, p. 4. Available on-line: http://www.cbnrm.net/pdf/corbett_001.pdf Accessed 1 May 2009.

Ellsworth, Lynn. 2004. A Place in the World: A Review of the Global Debate on Tenure Security. Ford Foundation. Available on-line:

http://www.fordfound.org/pdfs/impact/place_in_world.pdf Accessed 30 March 2009.

Nguyen Quang Tan, Nguyen Van Chinh, and Vu Thu Hanh. 2008. Statutory and Customary Forest Rights and their Governance Implications: The Case of Viet Nam. IUCN Viet Nam. Hanoi. Available on-line: http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/vn_flegt_assessment_report_en.pdf Accessed 20 May 2010

http://www.cbnrm.net/pdf/corbett_001.pdf

http://www.fordfound.org/pdfs/impact/place_in_world.pdf%20Accessed%2030%20March%202009

http://www.fordfound.org/pdfs/impact/place_in_world.pdf%20Accessed%2030%20March%202009

http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/vn_flegt_assessment_report_en.pdf%20Accessed%2020%20May%202010

http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/vn_flegt_assessment_report_en.pdf%20Accessed%2020%20May%202010

Presentation 5

4jk ieish- isoaê wOHkh kS;s-jHjia:dms; iy pdrs;%dkql+, YS% ,xldfú wdosjdiS ck;dj jk jeos ckhd $wdosjdiSka fyda jkaksh, we;a;ka fj; jir oyia .Kkl w;S;hla we; j¾I 1980 uyje,s ixj¾Ok jHdmD;sh mgka.ekSug fmr oUdk iy ta wjg fmfoi jkdka;r j,ska jeiS ;snqKs¡ wdosjdiS m%cdj ovhï lsrSu"ó jo iy jk M, j¾. tl;= lsrSu"fyaka j.dj iy Tjqkaf.a pdrs;% jdrs;% meje;aùuo jeks idïm%Odhsl lghq;= j, ksr; jQy¡ wdosjdiSyq bvï iy iïm;a j,g pdrs;%uh whs;sjdislï lshhs¡ ishjia .Kkdjla ;siafia mosxÑj isáho tu wdosjdiS m%cdj Tjqkaf.a ksjdi iy foam, i|yd ysñlï f,aLk.;lr we;aoehs meyeos,s ke;¡ jk i;aj yd jDlaI,;d wd{d mk; ^Fauna and Flora

Protection Ordinance&m%ldrj cd;sl jfkdaoHdk rchg wh;a fkdjk N+ñ jYfhka m%ldYhg m;al, fkdyel¡ jk i;aj yd jDlaI,;d wd{d mkf;a 1983 fkdjeñn¾ 09 jk osk udÿreTh cd;sl jfkdaoHdkh m%ldYhg m;alrk ,os¡ 1990 os DWC úiska lrk ,o ix.Kkhg wkqj tjlg wdosjdiSka kdhl;ajh oerE WErejrsf.a ;sidydñ iy Tyqf.a ióm;u mjqf,a idudcslhka 7 fofkl= yer ta jk úg jfkdaoHdkh ;+< úiQ wfkl=;a ish¿u fokd jfkdaoHdkfhka msg; ia:dkj, kej; mosxÑ lrjkq ,en we;¡ wdosjdiS /fya idudcslhka lsysmfofkl= jfkdaoHdkh ;=< oUdk iy fldgnlsksh m%foaYhkays ish uq,aìïj, jdih os.gu mj;ajd .;ay¡ jfkdaoHdkhla njg m%ldYhg m;alsrSfuka miqj mjd wdosjdiSyq ish idïm%odhsl lghq;= tf,iskau lrf.k .shy¡ fuh wdosjdiS ck;dj iy jfkdaoHdk l<uKdlrKh w;r hï .eg¿ iy.; ;;ajhla we;s lsrSug iu;aúh¡ jk i;aj yd jDlaI,;d wdrlaIl wd{d mkf;a 3 j.ka;sh m%ldrj Ydl yd i;=ka ksrSlaIKh lsrSug yer cd;sl jfkdaoHdkhlg we;=¿ùu ;ykïh¡ ovhï lsrSu"i;=ka w,a,d .ekSu fyda urd oeóu fyda Ydl j,g ydks lsrSu fyda tajd tl;= lsrSuo ;ykï ls%hdjkah¡ fyakdks., wdosjdiS m%cdfú idudcslhka úiska 1992 uehs 1998 Tlaf;dan¾ 2003 cQ,s iy 2005 Tlaf;dan¾ udi j,oS cd;sl jfkdaoHdkh ;=< msysá ish uq,a ìïj,g we;=¿ùug iy tajdfha h,s mosxÑùug W;aiyhka lsysmhla .;a njg jd¾;d fú¡ fuu W;aiyhka DWC ks<OdrSka úiska uevmj;ajk ,os¡ wdosjdiS m%cdj l%ñlj tu m%foaYhkays iudchg id¾:l f,i wkq.; fjñka mj;sk w;r Tjqkaf.a idïm%Odhsl cSjfkdamdhka iy mrsphka w;=reoyka fjñka hhs¡ ;jo wdosjdiS /fya ;ks ;ks idudcslhka idïm%Odhsl hemSï wruqKq blaujd jdKsc mrud¾:hka i|yd ovhï lsrSug jfkdaoHdkhg we;=¿ ùug .;a W;aiyhka ms<sn|jo jd¾;d fú¡ wdKavql%u jHjia:dj m%ldrj i,ld ne,Su i|yd bosrsm;a flfrk ish¿ mk;a flgqïm;a md¾,sfñka;=fú ksfhda.hkag we;=,;a lsrSug osk 7 lg m<uqj ta ms<sn| .eiÜ ksfúokhlska m%isoaO l< hq;=h¡ jki;aj yd jDlaI,;d w{d mkkg uE;los lrk ,o ixfYdaOkh 2009 wfma%,a 20 jk osk isg n,d;aul jk mrsos ieliQjls' wdÈjdis m%cdj l%ñlj tu m%foaYhkays iudchg id¾:l f,i wkq.; fjñka mj;sk w;r Tjqkaf.a iïm%odhsl Ôjfkdamhka yd mßphka w;=reoyka fjñka hhs' ;jo wdoSjdis /fya ;ks ;ks idudðlhka idïm%odhsl hemSï wruqKq blaujd jdKsc mrud¾:hka i|yd ovhï lsÍug jfkdaoHdkj,g we;=¿ ùug .;a W;aiyhka ms<sn|jo jd¾:d fõ' wdKavql%u jHjia:dj m%ldrj i,ld ne,Su i|yd bÈßm;a flfrk ish,q mk;a flgqïm;a md¾,sfïka;=fõ ksfhda.kag we;=<;a lsÍug osk 7 lg m<uqj ta ms<sn| .eiÜ ksfõokhla m%isoaO l, hq;=h' jki;aj yd jDlaI,;d wd{d mk;g ,`.oSu l, ixfYdaOkh 2009 wfm%a,a 20 jk Èk isg n,d;aul jk mßÈ ieliQjls' 3^3& ^w& j.ka;sh u.ska idïm%odhsl pdß;% iy tajdfha Ndú;hka wod, wud;Hjrhdg m%ldYhg m;al, yelsh' wdÈjdiS ck;dj lshdisákafka tu ixfYdaOkh i,ld nef,ïka ;snq nj ;uqka oek fkdisÜ nj;a tfyhska lsis÷ woyia oelaùulg wjia;djla ysñ fkdjq nj;ah' tu wdikAk ixfYdaOk i|yd fr.=,dis ;ju;a idod fkdue;s w;r

tfyhska tu ixfYdaOk u.ska wdoSjdis m%cdjf.a mdrïmßl isß;a úß;a tu.ska wdjrKh fõoehs lSug ;ju;a fkdyel' wOHhkh u; f.dvkef.k m%Yak

1 fuu kvqfõ wdrïNfha i|yka pdß;% kS;sh yd jHjia:dms; kS;sh w;r mj;sk .eg,q flfia fõo @

2 tu iwdrjq,a úi|Su i|yd jHjia:dodhl wêldßkag .; yels ;SrK fudkjdo@

tu iwdrjq,a úi|Su i|yd pdß;%dkQl+, wêldßkag .; yels ;SrK fudkjdo@ 3 wkd.;fhys we;súhyels wdrjq,a u.yer fuu ;SrK .ekSu iy l%shd;aul

lsÍu i|yd jHjia:dms; wêldßkag fhdod.; yels l%shdud¾. fudkjdo @

NRG ieish 5 wdh;k

wdh;k

miqìï f;dr;=re

wdh;k uÕska ;SrK .eksu iy ls%hd;aul lsßu isÿfõ' Tjqka kS;s iy Í;s iEÈu iy

tajd ls%hd;aul lsßu isÿlrk w;r" ls%hdud¾.hka i|yd j.lSu oeßh hq;=h'

idudkHfhka Tjqka ;SrK .kakka jYfhka iajNdúl iïm;a md,kh lsßfïÈ iy

wd¾Ól" idudchSh ixj¾OkfhaÈ Tjqyq m%Odk ld¾h Ndrhla bgq lr;s' iajNdúl

iïm;a Ñria:dhs f,i Ndú;fhaÈ úYd, n,mEula we;s lrhs'

^wdh;k úiska ;SrK .eksu iy ls%hd;aul lrk wdldrhka iy kS;s Í;s n,.kajk

wdldrhka&

wdh;khla hkq l=ulao @

ixj¾Ok iy iajNdúl iïm;a ixrCIK fCIa;%fha wdh;khla hkq iajNdúl iïm;a

md,kfha fyda ixj¾Okh tlaj fyda jeä .Kkla jq me;slvhka (Aspects) i|yd

j.lsj hq;= jk hï ixúOdkhla fyda mqoa.,fhls'

wdh;ksl Yla;su;a lsßu hkafkka idudkHfhka rdcH ksfhdað; wdh;khkaf.a

Ylakq;djh f.dvke.su woyia flf¾' fndfyda uE;lÈ wdh;ksl Yla;su;a lsßu

hkafkka isú,a iudc ixúOdkhkaf.a Ylakq;djh f.dvke.sug o we;=,;a flf¾' fuu

mqyqKq w;a fmd; wdh;kh hkafkka tu w¾: ksremKh Ndú;d flf¾'

wdh;k j¾.

úúO j¾.fha wdh;k" ;SrK .eksfï iy tajd ls%hd;aul lsßfïÈ hï ld¾h Ndrhla

orhs' wdh;k úêu;a fyda wúêu;a úh yelsh' úêu;a hkafkka jHjia:dms; kS;shla

uÕska we;slrk ,o fyda y÷kd.kq ,enq wdh;k woyia fõ' rcfha wud;Hjreka iy

wfkl=;a ksfhdað;dh;k" cd;sl iy Wm cd;sl (Sub – National) md¾,sfïka;=" iNdjka"

jHjia:dodhlhka" wêlrK" rdcH - fkdjk ixúOdk" mqoa.,sl wxYfha ix.ï" iy

m%cd uq, ixúOdk we;=<;a fõ' wúêu;a wdh;k hkafkka ;SrK .eksu iy ls%hd;aul

lsßfïÈ y`vla keÕsh yels njg iy;sl lsßu Wfoid ixúOdkh jq mqrjeis lKavdhï

^fïjd úêu;a ffk;sl ,shdmÈxÑhlska f;drj& iy iajNdúl iïm;a ixrlaIK

fCIa;%fha ls%hd;aul jk m%cd - uQ, ixúOdk woyia flf¾'

pdß;%dkql=, ixúOdk idudkHfhka jHjia:dms; wdh;khkag jvd merKs iy iuyr

iudchkays jHjia:dms; wdh;khkag jvd Yla;su;aj mj;sk wdh;k fõ' pdß;%uh

wdh;k" jHjia:dms; wdh;khkag b;d iudkh' tajdg pdß;%dkql+, ;SrK .kakka iy

;SrK .eksfï wdh;k" iajNdúl iïm;a i|yd j.lsj hq;= pdß;%dkql+, wêldÍka" iy

pdß;%dkql+, wdrjq,a úi£fï wdh;k we;=,;a fõ'

pdß;%dkql+, wdh;k hkafkka" iajNdúl iïm;a Ndú;h iïm%odhsl kS;sh yd wkql+,j

isÿjk nj" tajd lvjk nj iy o`vqjï ;SrKh lsßu ksÍCIKh$ miq úmrï lsßu

i|yd msysgqjd.;a wdh;ko we;=<;a fõ' fuu wdh;k j, kï tajd we;slr.kq ,enq

iudcfha iy NdIdfõ fjkialï wkqj fjkia fõ'

md,kfhaÈ wdh;k iqúfYaIs ld¾h Ndrhla bgq lrhs' ;SrK .eksug iy tajd ls%hd;aul

lsßug wNHka;r we;s Ylakq;djh fyda tu Ylakq;djfha wvq nj úfYaIfhkau

jHjia:dms; fyda fmdÿ wdh;k md,kfha .=Kd;aul nfjys fjki ;SrKh lrhs'

iajNdúl iïm;a i|yd j.lsj hq;= wdh;k ie,iqï iy.; núka ld¾hlaIu;djfhka

fyda ls%hd;aul Ndjfhka wvq kï" th iajNdúl iïm;a Ñria:dhs f,i Ndú;d

fkdlrkafka hehs lsj yels ;rïh' wd¾Ól jYfhka .;al, wNHka;r wdh;ksl

Ylakq;djh u| nj" iïm;a wld¾HlaIu f,i fnodyeßug;a iy Ñria:dhs fkdjk

Ndú;hka i|yd;a uÕ i,ihs'

jHjia:dms; wdh;k j, Ylakq;djh m%Odk me;slv 3 lska oelaúh yel'

ñksia" fN!;sl yd uq,Huh iïm;a'

meyeÈ,s f,i ks¾jÑ; wêldÍka" j.lSu iy j.lsj hq;= nj iuÕ jk

l<uKdlrK moaO;s'

fmdÿ wdh;k wfkl=;a j.lSï orkakka iuÕ lghq;= lsßu iïnkaOfhka

yelshdj j¾Okh lrkakd jq l<uKdlrK moaO;Ska'

fmdÿ wdh;k j, we;s wNHka;r Odß;djfha wvqmdvqlï fya;=fjka th yelshdjkaf.ka

iy fyd¢ka oekqj;a jq uyck ks<Odßkaf.a ysÕhg fya;= ù we;' wNHka;r wdh;ksl

yelshdjkaf.a wvqmdvqj ksid th iyNd.s;aj ls%hdoduhg odhl;ajh iemhSug fkdue;s

úg WodyrK f,i fmkaúh yel'

fuu rcfha wdh;k úiska ;SrK .eksfïÈ yd ls%hd;aul lsßfïÈ wjYH uyck

iyNd.S;ajh ,nd.eksu jqj o uyck ks<Odßka iyNd.S;aj ls%hdj,shg myiqlï

ie,iSu i|yd mqyqKq lr fkdue;s ksid by; lS .eg¿ yg.ks'

fmdÿ wdh;k j, mj;sk wNHka;r yelshdjkaf.a uo nj fya;=fjka th yeuúgu

Tjqka w;r iïnkaëlrKh ksis mßÈ isÿ fkdùug o uÕ mdohs' fndfyda rgj,a j,

úúO iajNdúl iïm;a mßmd,kfhaÈ úúO wdh;k j.lsjhq;= fõ'

md,kh iïnkaOfhka hï hï j.lSï mejß we;s fndfyda wdh;k j, o lghq;=

iïnkaëlrKh lsßug ksis hdka;%Khla fkd;sfí kï th fndfyda ÿrg .egqï we;s

lrjhs'

iïnkaëlrKh uOHu uÜgfïÈ muKla fkdj úuOH.; lrk wêldÍka j,go wjYH

fõ'

uOHu uÜgñka iajNdúl iïm;a iïnkaOj j.lSu mejfrk rcfha wdh;k jYfhka

jkdka;r iïnkaOj" mßirh iïnkaO" ëjr lghq;=" lDIsl¾udka;h" m;,a leksï iy

wfkl=;a wud;HxY oelaúh yels w;r" Tjqka w;r M,odhs iïnkaëlrKhla i|yd

hdka;%Khla fkdue;' ;jo" iyfhda.s;dj i|yd we;af;a iSudiys; wjia:djka jk

w;r .kakd ,o W;aiyhka igyka lsßug ^oaú.+Kkh& jeä bvla we;s w;r m%Yak

j,g uÕ mdohs' uOHu uÜgñka iïnkaëlrKfha wvqjla mj;sk úg ta yd iudk

wvqmdvqjla Wm - cd;sl uÜgfï msysgqjd we;s iajNdúl iïm;a iïnkaOfhka j.lsj

hq;= úuOH.; rdcH wêldßka ;=<ska we;s jk nj lsh hq;=h'

wd¾Ól ú.%yfhaÈ" wêlrK j, iSud .eg¿ iy iajNdúl iïm;a i|yd j.lSu ork

fmdÿ wdh;khkays iïnkaëlrKfha ÿ¾j,;djh uq̈ uy;a wd¾Ólh flfrysu n,mdk

f,i wka;¾ in|;d .dia;= we;s lrhs' wvq Ylakq;djh iy fmdÿ wdh;k tlsfkl

w;r iïnkaëlrKh wvq nj o wd¾Ólh u; jeä nrla we;s lrhs' kS;sh m%udKj;a

f,i ls%hd;aul fkdùu o WodyrK jYfhka iajNdúl iïm;a Ndú;d lsßfïÈ uqo,a

whl, fkdyels ùu uÕska wdodhï ke;sj hhs' .=Kd;aul wdh;k j, m%udKj;a

fkdjk fia isÿlrk wdfhdack úIu pl%hla yg.kajhs' tkï kS;s iy ;SrK ls%hd;aul

l< fkdyels jk wdh;k" ffk;sl ls%hdldrlï i|yd wjirm;a uÕska yd wkS;sl ls%hd

i|yd ov yd oKavk WodyrK jYfhka Tjqkaf.a ls%hd;aulùfï jeä wdjrKh lr

.eksu i|yd ,efnk m%udKj;a fkdjk wdodhu uÕska tajd ls%hd;aul lsßfï fkdyels

njg woyia flf¾'

pdß;%dkql+, wdh;k j, wNHka;r Ylakq;djh" ls%hd;aul jk iudc flfrys n,mEï

t,a, lrhs' wdKavql%u jHjia:dj uÕska fyda mk;a uÕska fyda pdß;%dkql+, kS;s y÷kajd

§ we;s rgj, jHjia:dms; iy pdß;%dkql+, wdh;k w;r wka;¾ in|;d we;s lrjkq

,nk úê úOdk úfYaIfhka olajd ;sìh yelsh' ksrka;rfhkau wjYH;d u; mokïj

fuu wka;¾ ls%hd;aulùu isÿ fõ' mlsia;dkfha W;a;r m%foaY j, jHjia:dms; yd

pdß;%dkql+, wêldÍka wúêu;a f,i wfkHdakH jYfhka lghq;= lrhs'

úfYaIfhkau" iajNdúl iïm;a mßmd,kh flfrys jHjia:dms; kS;s iïnkaO fufia

lghq;= lrhs' jHjia:dms; wdh;k ls%hd;aul lsßï fkdj úg úfYaIfhkau yqol,dj

.%dóh m%foaYhkays we;s pdß;%dkql+< wdh;k ^jHjia:dms; ks;ska uÕska fïjd y÷kd

fkdf.k we;s uq;a md,k lghq;a; uÕska iemfha'

This information is adapted from: Moore, Patricia, Thomas Greiber, and Saima Baig. 2010. Assessing

Forest Law Enforcement and Governance: Lessons from the Field. IUCN.

Bilal, Asad, Huma Haque and Patricia Moore. 2003. Customary Laws Governing Natural Resource Management in the Northern Areas. IUCN Pakistan Environmental Law Programme.

Presentation 6

ieish - 5 - isoaê wOHhkh'

wdh;k'

ó.uq l<mqj'

wkjir we;=<;alr .ekSï" ¥IKh" iïm;a wh:d iy wêl f,i Ndú;d lsÍu" iy

wkS;sl u;aiH we,a,Sfï l%ufõohka" ó.uq l<mqfõ ksIamdokh ì|jeàug fukau" wjg

jdiS m%cdjf.a Ôjfkdamdhhka flfrys wys;lr n,mEï t,a, lsÍug o iu;aj we;'

l<mqjg iïnkaO úúOdldr .eg¿ i|yd meyeÈ,s wêlrK n, iSud udhsï fkdue;sj"

tfy;a rdcH wdh;k 20 lg wêl ixLHdjla mj;S'

1985 § rch ish,q ixj¾Ok fhdackdjka w;aysgqjd uyfld<U wd¾Ól fldñiug fuu

l<mqfõ Ñria:dhs ixj¾Okh Wfoid ie,eiaula ms<sfh, lrfok f,ig b,a,Sula lrkq

,eîh' fuu iqúi,a ie,eiau uÕska l<mqfõ ixrCIKh lsßu;a" ta i|yd md,k

wdh;khla ia:dmkh lsßu;a fjfiiskau ks¾foaY lrk ,È' úúO wdh;k ie,eiafï

ud¾f.damfoaYhka flfrys wdYla;j lghq;= fkdlr fjka fjkaj ls%hdldrlï ls%hd;aul

lsßfuka" tu ie,eiafuka wfmaCIs; wruqKq lrd <Õdùug fkdyelsj ;sfí'

1990 § iSñ; f;dr;=re m%udKhla we;=<;a fldg fjr< ixrCIK fomd¾;fïka;=j

(CCD) úiska fjr< ixrCIK l<uKdlrK ie,eiaula lrkq ,eîh' uyck;dj iy

wod, wfkl=;a wdh;k yd m%udKj;a mßÈ idlÉPd fkdmeje;aùu fya;=fjka

l<uKdlrK ie,eiafï wvx.= m%;sm;a;Ska ls%hd;aul lsßfïÈ th jvd;a ixlS¾K iy

wm%dfhda.sl jkakg úh' fjr< ixrCIK fomd¾;fïka;=fõ m%;sm;a;Ska ilia lsßfïÈ

uyck iyNd.S;ajh b;d wju uÜgul mej;Su fya;=fjka" tu m%;sm;a;s ls%hd;aul

lsßfïÈ m%cd iyNd.S;ajho b;d wju úh' l<mqfõ l<uKdlrK iy ixrCIK

m%fõYhka w;HdjYHfhkau fjkia jqfha l<mqfõ tlai;a wxY jYfhka l<uKdlrKh

fldg ls%hd;aul lsßug wfmdfydi;a ùu ksidh'

1997 È fjr< ixrCIK fomd¾;fïka;=j fjr< ixrCIK l<uKdlrK ie,eiaula

úfYaI m%foaY l<uKdldrKh hkqfjka kjuq mßÉfþohla tl;= lrñka ^tlS m%foaY

j, fjr< iïm;a taldnoaO iajrEmhlska fhdod .eksu i|yd& m%;sfYdaOkhla lrkq

,eìKs'

ëjr yd c,c iïm;a mk; (Fisheries Act.& hgf;a ó.uq l<mq l<uKdlrK wêldßh

msysgqjkq ,eîh' tu kS;s.; lsÍu .eiÜ ksfõokhlska isÿ jq kuqÿ NLMA ys n, iSudj

ms<sn| ksis ie,ls,a,lska f;drj l<mqj wdYS%;j ls%hd;aul jk wfkl=;a wdh;k ish

ls%hdldrlï lrf.k .shy'

isoaê wOHkfhka u;=jk m%Yak

01. fuu wOHkfhka wdh;ksl w¾nqo i|yd moku jkafka l=ulao @

wdh;ksl w¾nqo f.dvkef.k úg kS;sfha ld¾hNdrh l=ulao @

02. wdh;ksl .eg¨ úi£u i|yd jHjia:dms; wêldÍkag l=uk ;SrK .; yelso @

03. wdrjq,a úi£u i|yd .;a W;aiyhka fï ;dla id¾:l fkdùu i|yd n,mE

kS;suh yd wdh;ksl fya;=ka fudkjdo @

04. wkd.; wdrjq,a j,lajd,Sï yels mßÈ wdh;ksl w¾nqo úi£ug ;SrK .eksug

iy ls%hd;aul lsßug jHjia:dms; wêldßkag .; yels ls%hdud¾.h fyda

ls%hdud¾. fudkjdo @

NRG ieish 6 l%shdj,Ska

ls%shdj,Ska

miqìï f;dr;=re

l%shdj,Ska hkq hï fohla fj; ,Õdùfï wruqKska isÿ lrkq ,nk l%shdldrlï ud,djla

fõ'

;jo l%shdj,Ska hkq md,kfhys w;HjYH wx.hla o fõ' ;SrK .ekSu ioyd l%shdj,Ska

mej;Su wjYH jk w;r" tfukau fuu ;SrK l%shdjg kexùu ioydo l%shdj,Ska wjYH

fõ' tfukau úúO jQ ne¢hdjkaf.ka hq;a wjodkï orkakka (stakeholders) iu. Tjqka

w;r .Kqfokq isÿ lsÍfï§ iy ueÈy;aùfï§o l%shdj,Ska wjYH fõ' fuys§ iEu

wjodkï orkakl=u l%shdj,shg iïnkaOj yÿkd.ekSu iy Tjqka l%shdj,shg yjq,a lr

.ekSu o b;d jeo.;afõ' l%Shdj,Ska újD;j mj;sk úg§ Tjqka tlÕ;djhkag t<fUkq

we;' tfukau l%shdj,Ska wdjD; jk úg Tjqka úiska ;skaÿ .kakka iy l%shd;aul

lrkakka fj; ie.ùug hula we;ehs hk ú.%yhg meñfKkq we;'

kS;Ska iy wdh;k fuka l%shdj,Skao úêu;a iy wúêu;a wdldrfhka ;sìh yelsh'

úêu;a l%shdj,Ska idudkHfhka ks¾udKh lrkq ,nkafka jHjia:dms;d fyda pdrs;%dkql+,

ks;shlska fyda wdh;khla úiskss' wúêu;a l%shdj,Ska iudk ne¢hdjka iys; hï

;SrKhla .ekSu ioyd fyda l%shd;aul lsÍu ioyd hï hdka;%Khla wjYH hhs yÿkd

mqoa.,hka lKavdhula úiska ks¾udKh l< yelsh'

hï kS;shla fyda Í;shla mekùu fyda fjkia lsÍu ioyd l%shdj,shla wjYH jk w;r"

tfukau hï kS;shla fyda Í;shla u.ska th l%shd;aul lsÍu ioyd hñ l%shdj,shla

y÷kajd Èh yelsh' WodyrKhla jYfhka kS;shla u.ska ks¾udKh lrk ,o l%shdj,Ska

ys my; ± we;=<;a úh yelsh'

- l%shdj,ska úuOH.;lrKh

- iajNdú; iïm;a fjkalsÍu iy Ndú;hg wod, ie,iqï lsÍu ioyd jk

lS%hdj,Ska"

- ixj¾Ok ie,iqï l%shdj,Ska

- m%;s,dN fnodyeÍfï ie,iqï

- pdß;%dkql+, whs;sjdislï orkakka w;r m%;s,dN iy jdKsc ne¢hdjka

N=la;sú§u i|yd jk tl.;djhka ms<sme§ug wod, l%shdj,Ska

iajNdúl iïm;a md,kh lrkq ,nk kS;Ska j,g ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdj,sh ioyd jk

wjYH;djhkao we;=<;a úh yelsh' tysÈ wjodkï orkakka úiska fhojqï fhdojd ta

iïnkaOfhka ;SrK .kakka úiska m%udKj;a wjOdkhla fhduq lrkq ,nkafkao hkak

ms<snoj úu¾Ykh lsÍu l< yelsh'

idudkHfhka hï kS;shla fyda Í;shla fyda ;SrKhla l%shd;aul lsÍu ioyd wjYH jk

l%Shdj,Ska ioyd myiqlï iemhSug wdh;khka j.lshkq ,nhs' cd;sl iy wkq cd;sl

fmdÿ wxYfhys (National and Sub-National Public Sector) wdh;khka l%Shdj,Ska

l%shd;aul lsÍu ioyd myiqlï iemhSug fyda Tjqka i;= m%;sM, ;SrK .ekSfï iy

l%shd;aul lsÍfï l%shdj,shg ixhqla; lsÍfï yelShdj u| ùfï wNsfhda.hg uqyqK fokq

,nhs'

úhÜkduh iajdNdúl iïm;a iïnkaO újD; l%shdj,shla w;ayod ne,Su ms<snoj

WodyrKhla imhkq ,nhs' 2004 § tla iajdNdúl rlaIs;hl msgqmi m%foaYfhys

(Buffer Zone) msysá ckjd¾.sl .ï myl úhÜkduh úiska tla tla .fuys we;s

ksfjia iïmQ¾K l%shdj,sfhys tla tla l%shdjkag f;dard .kakd ,§' fuhg ie,iqï lsÍu

we;=<;a jkdka;r úNckh jkdka;rh uekqï lsÍu" m%;s,dN fnod.ekSfï m%;sm;a;s

fhdackd lsÍu" ±kqu fnod.ekSu jk wdrlaIl lKavdhula we;s lsÍu wdÈh we;=<;a

úh' ck;d reiaùï j,È pdß;%dkql+, iïu;hka iy mßphka iy jkdka;r

l<uKdlrKh ms<sn| foaYSh ±kqu uyck idlÉPdjkag f.k tk ,§' ck;dj u;

mokï jQ jkdka;r l<uKdlrK .súiqï iy m%;s,dN fnod.ekSfï m%;sm;a;s

f,aLK.; lr Èia;%sla wêldÍka fj; wkque;sh ioyd bÈßm;a lrk ,§' .ïj,

;sfnk ksfjia j, lghq;= j,g l%shdj,Ska ys iïnkaO;djhla fkdjQjo" tfukau we;s ù

we;s .eg¿ fuu l%shdj,shg mßNdysr jQjo fuu l%Shdj,ska fnodyeÍu ms<snoj foaYSh

ck;dj wjOdkh fhduq lrk ,o w;r tys m%;sM, Okd;aul fõ'

iajdNdúl iïm;a ixrlaIKhg iïnkaê; úêu;a yd wúêu;a nj w;r wka;¾

iïnkaOhg ksoiqkla f,i m%cdj ixrlaIs; m%foaY y÷kajd§u bÈßm;a l<y' mßir

moaO;s iy úfYaI wdrlaId lsÍu i|yd foaYSh iy .%dóh ck;djf.a wúêu;a

W;aidyhla i|yd ksoiqka /ila bkaÈhdfjka jd¾;d fõ' fuys wdrïNlhka f,aLK.;

lsÍu tla;rd rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkhla uÕska isÿ lr we;s w;r" jHjia:dms;j

wdrlaId lrk ,o m%foaY moaO;sh u.ska y÷kd.kakd ,o wúêu;a wdrlaIs; m%foaY we;s

lsÍug" cd;sl kS;sh uÕska we;s lrk ,o ls%hdmámdàka j, m%;s,dN ,nd .ekSug

m%cdjkag we;s yelshdjka wkdjrKh lr .ekSuo wrUd we;'

fuu f;dr;=re

fudf¾" meà%Ishd" f;dauia .%Sn¾" iy ihsud fí.a 2010' jkdka;r kS;sh n,d;aul lsÍu

iy md,kh ms<sno wOHkh - lafIa;% mdvï IUCN

Presentation 07

ieish 6 - isoaê wOHhkh

l%Shdj,Ska

fmßhl,mq - l,mqj'

fmßh l,mqj hkq Y%S ,xldfõ kef.kysr fjr< ;Srfha msysá iqúYd, l,mq w;ßka

tlls' 1980 .Kka j,§ l<mqj" l,ska l,g im;a;= md,u uÕska uqyqog iïnkaê; jQ

w;r" c, uÜgu by< ke.s úg muKla l<mqj iy uqyqo w;r c,h yqjudre úh'

uqyqo yd l<mqj w;r c,h ksrka;rju yqjudre ùug bvfokq msKsi 1980 .Kka j,È

tu ud¾.fha ie,iqu fjkia lrk ,È' fjkia lrk ,o ie,iqu jerÈ iy.; iy

iqkdñ jHikh fya;=fjka" lsjq,a Èfhka msß l,mqj" ñßÈh c,h njg m;alrñka" je,s

tla/ia ùu by; lS c,h yqjudrejg iïmQ¾Kfhkau mdfya ndOd l, nj oek .kakg

,enqKs' ëjr m%cdjf.a Ôjfkdamdhhkag ndOd t,a, lrñka ñßÈh c,h jdßud¾.

lghq;= i|yd weo.kq ,eìKs'

1980 .Kka j,§ fuu im;a;= md,fuys ie,iqu fjkia lrkq ,enq úg l<mqj wjg

mßir moaO;shg iy wjg ck;djf.a Ôjfkdamdhhka flfrys we;súh yels wys;lr

n,mEï ms<sn| m%udKj;a f,i i,ld n,d fkd;sìK'

1980 .Kka j,§ jQ fï isÿùug iudkju" iqkdñfhka miq rfÜ kef.kysr fldgfiys

ud¾. moaO;sh kej; f.dvke.Sfï§ fjrf<ys c, neiaug wod, n,mEï ms<sn| ksis

ie,ls,a,g ,la lsÍula isÿ lr fkdue;' ud¾. moaO;sh kej; f.dvke.Sfï§ ud¾.

ixj¾Ok wêldßh tu ;SrK .ekSfuka wk;=rej" fï ms<sn| f;dr;=re m%cdj fj;

,nd §ug iy tu ;SrK .ekSfï ls%hdj,shg Tjqkag iyNd.S jk f,i wdrdOkd lsÍug

ne£ula Bg fkd;snqK w;r" mdßißl n,mEï ;lafiare jd¾;djla ms<sfh, lsÍula lr

fkdue;'

iqkdñfhka miq tla;rd ixj¾Ok jHdmD;shla hgf;a fmrshl,mq .%dóh iïnkaëlrK

lñgqj ^PLCC& msysgqjkq ,eîh' tys§ fuu ud¾. b¢lsÍfï mdßißl n,mEï ms<sn|

oekqj;a lsÍï isÿ lsÍu wdrïN úh' tys tla/ia ùulÈ ud¾. b¢lsÍfï j¾;udk

;;ajh ms<sn| idlÉPd úh' wod, ksfhdað; wdh;khkays foaYSh ks<OdÍka" ud¾.

kùlrKh lsÍfï ;SrKfha§ kS;sh uÕska ia:dms; ld¾h mámdáh wkq.ukh lr

fkdue;s nj wjfndaO lr.kq ,enqfõ fuu /iaùu wjidkfha§h'

bkamqi PLCC úiska ^fmrhl,mq .%dóh iunkaëlrK lñgqj& fuys wdOdr imhkakka

fj; fuu kùlrKh ms<sn| ;SrKh i,ld n,k fuka b,a,Sï lrk ,È' tys§ tu

kùlrKfha§ ;dlaIKsl iudf,dapkhla iy ie,iqfuys mdßißl ;lafiarejla

isÿlsÍug Tjqka tlÕ úh' fuu iudf,dapkfhys m%;sM,hla jYfhka" tu im;a;= md,ï

fol kùlrKh lsÍug jvd wêl jehla iys; kj md,ï folla bÈlsÍug wjYH

wu;r m%;smdok ,ndfokq msKsi" rch yd mej;s .súiqu ixfYdaOkh lsÍug wdOdr

,ndfokakka lghq;= l<y'

bkamiqj" kef.kysr fjr< l<dmfha ud¾. moaO;sh m%;sixialrKh lsÍfï§ im;a;=

md,ï fjkqjg md,ï bÈlsÍug ud¾. ixj¾Ok wêldßh ;SrKh l<y

isoaê wOHkfha m%Yak

01. fuu isÿùu weiqßka ;SrK .ekSfï§ iy l%shd;aul lsÍfï§ y÷kd.; yels

l%shdmámdàka lShla ;sfío@

02. fuu isoaêfha§ l=uk pß;hla úêu;a ld¾h mámdáh fmkakqï lrhso@

iajdNdúl iïm;a iy iajdNdúl iïm;a Ndú;d lrkakka flfrys l=uk

m%;súmdlhka m%;sM, fldg we;ao@

03. fuu isoaê ú.%yfha§ l=uk pß;hka wúêu;a ld¾h mámdáh ksrEmkh

lrhso@ iajdNdúl iïm;a iy iajdNdúl iïm;a Ndú;d lrkakka flfrys

l=uk m%;súmdlhka m%;sM, fldg we;ao@

04. tka'wd¾'Ô' - ieish 7" uQ,O¾u

md,k uQ,O¾u

01. rcfha n,meï iy.; nj

02. m%;sm;a;Skays m%;sM, iy.; nj'

03. wdh;k iy ls%hdj,Skays n,mEu iy ld¾hlaIu;djh'

04. m%;spdr

05. .e,mqï iy.; nj

06. mdroDYH Ndjh$ újD; Ndjh'

07. tald;añl ^iduqysl& wdrïNjh'

08. rdcH Ylakq;djh'

09. ¥IK w;sl%uKh$ ¥IKh md,kh

10. f;dr;=re iy hqla;sh fj; m%fõYh'

11. iyfhda.s;djh

12. udkj whs;sjdislï i|yd .re;ajh

13. j.lSï iy.;Ndjh'

14. iudkd;au;djh

15. iudkd;au;djh iy wka;¾.;h

16. Wml%uYS,S oelau

17. fmdÿ NdKav i|yd we;s j.lSu'

18. iyNd.S;ajh'

19. iudc m%d.aOkh fldgia tl;=j

20. foaYmd,k ia:djr Ndjh iy m%pKav;ajh rys; nj'

21. ffk;slj úêu;a lrk ,o .=K;ajh'

22. wkd.; oelau$kS;sfha md,kh

23. ffk;sl iy wêlrKuh rduqj i|yd yelshdj we;s lsÍu iy

m%j¾Okh'

Presentation 8

Principles of Governance

IUCN

i

UNDP

ii

UNESCAP

iii


iv

African Development Bank

v

Asian Development Bank

vi

USAID

vii

World Bankviii

UK Department for International Development (DFID)

ix

Accountability

■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■x ■

Transparency (“Openness” - EU Commission)

■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ xi

Participation

■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Rule of Law

■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Government effectiveness (World Bank); Policy effectiveness (EU Commission); Effectiveness and efficiency of institutions and processes (UNDP and UNESCAP)

■ ■ ■ ■

Responsive

xii

■ ■ ■

Coherence

■ ■

Consensus oriented

■ ■

Capacity of the State

■ ■xiii

Combating corruption (AfDB); Control of corruption (World

■ ■

Principles of Governance

IUCN

i

UNDP

ii

UNESCAP

iii


iv

African Development Bank

v

Asian Development Bank

vi

USAID

vii

World Bankviii

UK Department for International Development (DFID)

ix

Bank)

Access to information and justice

■

Subsidiarity

■

Respect for human rights

■

Equity (UNDP) Equitable and inclusive (UNESCAP)

■ ■

Strategic vision

■

Commitment to the public good

■

Stock of social capital

■

Political stability and absence of violence

■

Regulatory quality

■

Promoting and enabling legal and judicial framework

■

md,k uQ, O¾u

fuh mqyqKqjkakka i|yd miqìï f;dr;=reh'

fuu mqyqKqj md,kfha uQ,sl uQ,O¾u y;rla Ndú;d lrhs'

fuu uQ,sl;u uQ,O¾u y;r wm fidhd.kafka fldfykao@ tajd" m%uqL wka;¾

cd;sl iy cd;sl wdh;k kjhla úiska md,kh w¾: oelaùï iy úia;r

úYaf,aIKh lsÍfuka wk;=rej y÷kd .kakd ,È' fuu wdh;k kjh Ndú;d

lsÍu i|yd jQ ñkqï oKav jQfha"

wka;¾cd;sl ^l,dmho we;=<=;aj& wdh;k

md,kh w¾:ksrEmKh lr olajk iy úia;r lrk" iy

tu w¾: ksrEmKh$ úia;rh tys ks, m%ldYkhl fyda tu wdh;kfha

wka;¾c, fjí wvúfhys fyda tu foflysu fyda ;sìh hq;=ùu fõ'

wdishdfõ lsis÷ rdcHla md,kh hkak ;SrKh lr we;s ;dla ÿrg w¾:

ksrEmKh lsÍug fyda úia;r lsÍug iu;a fkdfjhs' wdishdkq rdcHhka úiska

y÷kd.kakd ,o md,k uQ, O¾u fkdue;'

ix>Kkhlg wkqj wka;¾ cd;sl wdh;k j,ska nyq;rhla md,kh hkak w¾:

olajkakd jq uQ,O¾u 4la jYfhka j.lsï iy.; nj úksúoNdjh" iyNd.s;ajh

iy mQ¾j ks.uk yelshdj fyda kS;sfha md,kh hkak y`ÿkdf.k we;' wdh;k

9 lska 5la fuu u;h ;yjqre lrk ,oS' fuu mqyqKq mdGud,dj ;=< fhdod.;a

uQ,O¾u 4 ix>Kkh lr ,o wdh;k jeä.Kkla u`.ska ms<sf.k we;' wfkla

uQ,O¾u 19 o ix>Kkkh lrk o, wdh;k 4la fyd 5 u.ska ms<Saf.k we;'

fuhska fuu uq,O¾u 19 j,x.= fkdjk nj ms<sf.k ke;s nj muKla woyia

fõ'

iEu wdh;khla úiskau tl`. jq m%;sm;a;sh jkafka j.lSï iy.; nj hkakhs'

wdh;k 9 ka 8 lau md,khg wod, mQ,O¾u f,i iyNd.s;ajh iy úksúoNdjh

y÷kdf.k we;'

f;dard.;a iEu wdh;khla u úksúoNdjh hkak iy f;dr;=re oek.ekSug

we;s yelshdj újD;j fhdod.kS'

wdh;k 9 ka 6 lau mQ¾j ks.ukh l< yels nj kS;sfha md,khg md,kfha

uQ,O¾uhla f,i we;'

wfkl=;a m%;sm;a;Ska ix>Kkh lrk ,o wdh;k j,ska Nd.hg jvd y÷kdf.k

we;' fuu mqqyKqj i|yd uQ,sl uQ,O¾u 4la fhdod.ks' tjdkï j.lSï iy.;

nj úksúo Ndjh iyNd.s;ajh iy kS;sfha md,kh fyda mQ¾j ks.ukh

l<yelsnj fïjd f;dard.;a wdh;k j,ska 2$ 3 lg jvd m%udKhla y÷kdf.k

we;'

kS;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu wdh;k j, ld¾hhls' kS;sfha md,kh hkak kS;sh

l%shd;aul lsÍu hkak iu. ks;r .efÜ' t ksid úoaj;=ka úiska fï fjkqjg

mQ¾j ks.uh l< yels nj hkak Ndú;d lrhs'

M,odhs;dj iy ld¾HlaaIu;dj hkak wdh;kj, iy l%shdj,sfhaÈ ;sìh hq;=

wx. f,i Ndú;d lrhs'

fuh i;H jYfhkau j,x.= uQ,O¾uls' kuq;a fuh wdh;k 2la u`.ska muKla

f;dardf.k we;s ksid by<u uQ,O¾u 4 ys wka;¾.; ke;' f,dal nexl=j

M,odhs;djh hkak Ndú;d lrkafka rch iïnkaOfhka muKs' hqfrdamd fldñiu

M,odhs;dj hkafkka m%;sm;a;s iïnkaOfhka Ndú;d lrhs ' m%;sm;a;s hkak

idudkHfhka kS;s fyda fr.=,dis fkdue;sj wod, lr.; fkdyels ksid fuh

úia;r lsÍu wmyiq fõ'

wdh;k 2la muKla ÿIK l%shd md,kh lsÍu md,kfha uQ,O¾uhla f,i we;

tajdkï nyqmd¾Yúh ixj¾Ok nexl=j f,dal nexl=j iy ixj¾Ok nexl=j hk

wdh;khkah'

idOdrK;ajh iEu úgu md,kfha uQ,O¾uhla f,i i|yka fõ kuq;a tlai;a

cd;Skaf.a ksfhdð;hska muKla fuh md,kfha uQ,O¾uhla f,i i|yka lrhs'

idOdrK;ajh hkafkka hqla;siy.; nj hkak woyiajk w;r tys

iudkd;au;djh woyia fkdfõ'

j.lSï iy.; nj iyNd.s;ajh" úksúoNdjh" mQ¾jks.uk yelshdj hk ish,qu

lreKq iudchla ;=< fyd``Èka l%shd;aul fõ kï jdis ,efnk w;r iOdrK;ajh

o tys oel.; yelsfõ'

hqla;soduhg m%fõYh iy udkj whs;sjdislï j,g .re lsÍu md,kfha uQ,O¾u

f,i tla wdh;khla muKla ms<sf.k we;'

NRG ieish 8 iyNd.s;ajh

iyNd.s;ajh miqìï f;dr;=re md,kh keu;s ixo¾Nh ;=< iyNd.s;ajh hkq ;SrK .ekSu i|yd l%shdldÍ f,i fyda kS;Hdkql=, ksfhdað;hka u.ska iïnkaO ùu iy tajd l%shd;aul lsÍuhs' iyNd.s;ajh hkq iajNdúl iïm;a iïnkaOj ;SrK .ekSu lrkq ,nkafka j.lsjhq;= lKvdhï folls' tkï rch iy isú,a ck iudcfha úfYaIfhka .%dóh iïm;a u; hefmk ck fldgiaj, wjYH;djh wkqj iajNdúl iïm;a fnodyeÍu iïnkaOfhka Wkkaÿ jk fm!oa.,sl wxYhhs' ish,qu j.lsj hq;= fldgia úiska ;SrK .eKSfï l%shdj,shg iyNd.sùu b;du m%ixYkSh fõ fuh rcfha fyd fm!oa.,sl wxYhg;a jvd fuh f,dj fndfyda m%foaYj, isák foaYsh iïm;a Ndú;d lrkakkag ,ndfok m%uqL;djhls' idudkHfhka jHjia:dms; kS;sh ;=< pdß;%dkql+, mqreÿ iy w.hka wka;¾.dñ w.kdlï foaYsh iïm;a Ndú; lrkakka ;SrK .ekSfï iy l%shd;aul lsÍfïoS ta i|yd jeä leue;a;la olajkq ,nhs' iudc l%shdj,Ska ;=<ska ß;Ska j¾Okh jk ;=re pdß;%dkql, kS;sh hkak ks;r iyNd.s;ajfha m%;s:,hla f,i úia;r lrkq ,nhs' pdß;%dkql+, ks;sh hgf;a iyNd.s;ajh hkak ie,lsh hq;= lreKla fkdjkafka jeäysá ck fldgia úiska ks;ru m%uKj;a ;rï /iaùï iy woyia ,nd .eksï isÿlrkjdkï iuyr rgj,È oelsh yels pdß;%dkql=, Ndú;hka iajNdõl iïm;a iïnkaOfhka hdka;%Khla ilia lsßu i|yd iudcfha iEu idudðlfhlagu ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdj,s i|yd iEu úgu iïnkaO lsÍu isÿ fkdlrhs' iuyr rgj, pdß;%dkql=, l%shdoduhka u.ska iuyr ck iudðlhkaf.a iyNd.s;ajh iSud lrhs' úhÜkdufha pdß;%dkql+, ;SrK .ekSu iy .eg,q úi|sfï uqÿka u,alvla fia jeäysáhka i,lk w;r Tjqka úiska fndfyda ;SrK .kq ,nhs' iq,q ck fldgia yd ldka;djka úiska ;SrK .ekSu i|yd iyNd.sùu wju uÜgul mj;s' tfiau Tjqkaf.a iyNd.s;ajh ;SrK l%shd;aul lsÍfï oS ldka;djka" iq,q ck fldgia" wvq jrm%ido ,;a ck fldgia iïnkaO ;;a;ajh ráka rgg fjkia fõ ;j;a rgj, ldka;djka iy iq,q ck fldgia ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdj,sfhka bj;a fldg we;' kuq;a jHjia:dms; kS;shg wkqj Tjqkao we;=<;afldg we;' wefkl=;a rgj,a j, fï ;;a;ajh fjkiah' tkï ldka;djkA pdß;%dkql+, kS;sh hgf;a ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdj,shg iyNd.sjk w;r kS;sh hgf;a tfia lsÍu j<ld<hs' wm úiska by; fPohkaysos m%ldYl< mßÈ iuyr rgj, ldka;djka iy iq,q ckfldgia ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdj,shg iïnkaO lr.ekSu w;HjYH ldrKhls' wfkla rgj, WodyrK f,i úhÜkdufha jHjia:dms; kS;sh u.ska fldfy;au ldka;djka iq,q ckfldgia rcfha ;srK .eksfï l%shdj,shg iïnkaO lr .ekSu isÿ fkdlrhs' wfkl=;a rgj, ;ju;a m%;sm;a;s yd kS;s b;du;a id¾:l f,i iyNd.s;aj ;SrK .ekSu i|yd u. fmkajhs' kuq;a fuh m%dfhda.slj b;d fiñka isÿjk l%sshdj,shls' cd;sl kS;s iy m%;sm;a;s u.ska ish,qu j.lsj hq;= mqoa.,hkag ;SrK .ekSug iy l%shd;aul lsÍug wjia:dj fok kuq;a ta i|yd iyNd.s ùfï wjia:dj rcfha iy fm!oa.,sl wxYfha wh w;r iy my<u uÜgfï isák iajNdúl iïm;a u; hefmk foaYsh ck;dj w;r wiudkj fnÈ hhs' iyNd.s;ajhg we;s ndOd iyNd.s;ajfha uolu kuq;a ieu úgu thu fya;=j fkdfõ' tkï rcfha ks<Odßka iïnkaOj iy mqoa.,sl wxYfha idudðlhskaf.a lSß;skdufha wvqjo fuhg we;=<;a l, yel'

iyNd.s;aj ld¾hmámdáhg wkq.%yh oelaùu i|yd we;s wdh;ksl Odß;djfha wvqlu'

iyNd.s;ajhg iyfhda.h fok hdka;%Khkaj, uolu'

.%dóh ck;djf.ka úYajdijka; iudðlhka iu.ska .kqfokq lsÍfïoS ixúOdkd;aul yelshdfõ uolu'

foaYsh uÜufï ;SrK .ekSu iy l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd iyNd.s ùug we;s yelshdfõ uolu' úhou iy jdis fnÈhdfï hdka;%Khla ksid t u.ska iajNdúl iïm;aj, jdis imhñka th foaYsh iyNd.s;ajh i|yd ÈÍoSñ imhhs' úksúoNdjfha uonj M,odhs;d f;dr;=re ikaksfõokh yd f;dr;=re .,d hdfïoS we;s ck fldÜGdYhla u.ska ;SrK .ekSfï iy l%shd;aul lsÍfï l%shdj,shg iyNd.sùu meyeÈ,sj ksrEmKh lrhs' iyNd.s;ajh iy kS;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu fndfyda rgj, iajNdúl iïm;a iïnkaOfhka kS;sh l%shd;aul ùu ÿ¾j,h' tkï jHjia:dms; kS;sh u.ska wod, iajNdúl iïm;a wdikakfha isák msßig fyda iyNd.s ùug bv fkdfok fyhska pdß;%dkql=, l%shdldß;ajfhaÈ ish¿u w;ska iñnkaO ùu fhd.H fkdfõ' foaYsh ck;dj úiska ta iïnkaOfhka M,odhs f,i isÿl< fkdyel' tfiau foaYsh ck;djg ish iïm;a iïnkaO kS;Ska W,a,x>Kh jk ;eka fiùu iïnkaOfhka úYd, ld¾h Nd¾hhla bgl< yelsh' W,a,x>Khka ksis fj,djg wdjrKh fkdl< fyd;a idlaIs úkdYjk w;r ta iïnkaOfhka jrolrejkao wvqjkq we;' túg ;jÿqrg;a kS;súfrdaê l%shdjkag ÈßoSula isÿfõ' wka;¾cd;sl kS;sh fj; we;s iyNd.s;ajh wka;¾cd;sl m%ldYhka yd .súiqïj,g wkqj iyNd.s;aj uq,O¾uh hkak jeämqr Ndú;jk md,k uq,O¾uhls' iajdêk rgj, foaYsh yd f.da;%sl ckhd iïnkaOfhka we;s m%{ma;Ska ^wxl 165 ork tlai;a cd;Skaf.a wka;¾cd;sl lïlre ix.ï .súiqï& fndfyda úg iyNd.s;aj m%;sm;a;sh u; hefmk w;r tu m%;sm;a;sh wjYH jkafka foaYsh iy f.da;%sl ck;dj wdrlaId lsÍug Tjqka isák ia:dk j,ska fjk;a m%foaYj, mosxÑ lrùug fmr Tjqkaf.a ksoyia iy mQ¾j tl.;ajhka oek .ekSuhs' ^16 jk j.ka;sh& ßfhda m%ldYkh 1992 tlai;a cd;skaf.a mßirh iy ixj¾Okh iïnkaO iïuka;%Kh ñysl; iuq,qj fï ish,a, ;=< iyNd.s;aj m%;sm;a;sh iy úksúoNdjh ms<sn|j j.ka;shla we;=<;a lr we;' ßfhd m%ldYkfha 10 jk j.kka;shg wkqj wod, wjia:djg wkqj .e,fmk ck;dj ish,a,u iyNd.s ùu ;=<ska mdÍißl m%Yak fyd|ska yeisrúh yel' iEu mqoa.,hl=g iudk f,i mßirh iïnkaOfhka f;dr;=re uyck wdh;k j,ska oek.ekSfï iy Bg m%fõY ùug wjia:dj ;sìh hq;=h' úkdYldß úI iys; øjHhka iy tajdfhka ck;djg we;s ydkslr ;;a;jh wdÈh iïnkaOfhka tu.ska ;SrK .eksfï l%shdj,shg iïnkaOùug yel' f;dr;=re mq,q,a f,i ,nd.ekSug yelshdj we;s lrñka rch úiska fmdÿ uyck;dj oekqj;a lsÍfï lghq;=j,g myiqlï ie,ish hq;=fõ' tfiau wêlrK iy mßmd,kuh l%shd mámdáh iïnkaOj mjd M,odhs f,i m%fõY ùug m%;sl¾u iy ksoyia ùu we;=¿j bvlv iemhsh hq;=h' úfYaIfhkau j.lSï iy.; nj iyNd.s;ajh iy úksúoNdjh iu. .kqfokq lrkakdjq wka;¾cd;sl .súiqï we;' tajdkï f;dr;=re fj; m%fõY ùu mdßißl ldrKd iïnkaOj hqla;soduhg m%fõYh yd ;SrK .ekSfïoS uyck iyNd.s;ajh iïnkaO m%{ma;sh oelaúh yel' fuh hqfrdamhg muKla wod,jk kuq;a th wfkla l,dmj,oS l< yels foa iïnkaOfhka WodyrKhls' fuu m%{ma;sh md,kh iïnkaOfhka iDcqju iïnkaO fõ' rch iy wdKavqj w;r we;s iïnkaOfhka md,kfha m%;sm;a;s fndfyda úg nyqmd¾Yúh mdßißl .súiqï j,o wka;¾.; fõ' ldka;drlrKhg tfrysj igkalsÍfï m%{ma;sfha È uyck iyNd.s;ajh hkak wksjd¾h wjYH;djhla jk w;r fuysoS úfYaIfhkau foaYSh ckhdf.a iyNd.s;ajh wfmalaId lrhs' ffcj úúO;ajh ms<sn`o m%{ma;sh mdßißl ;lafiare jd¾:d l%shdodufhaoS ck;d iyNd.s;ajh iïnkaOfhka l;d lrhs' ^14 j.ka;sh& tysoS ^8 j &

j.ka;sh u.ska foaYSh iy wdoSjdis ck;dj úiska Tjqkaf.a iïm%Odhsl oekqu fidhd .ekSï mqreÿ mqyqKq rgdjka ffcj úúO;ajh iq.lSu flfrys wod, lr.kafka flfiao hkak oelafõ' This information is adapted from: Moore, Patricia, Thomas Greiber, and Saima Baig. 2010. Assessing Forest Law Enforcement and Governance: Lessons from the Field. IUCN. References

The full text of the Convention Concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries is available on-line:

http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/convde.pl?C169 Accessed 5 September 2010

The full text of the Rio Declaration is available on-line: http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.Print.asp?documentid=78&articleid=1163 Accessed 25 May 2010.

The full text of the Convention on Access to Information, Public

Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters is available on-line:

http://www.unece.org/env/pp/treatytext.htm Accessed 25 May 2010.

The full text of the Convention on Biological Diversity is available on-line:

http://www.cbd.int/convention/convention.shtml Accessed 25 May 2010.

The full text of the Convention to Combat Desertification is available on-

line

http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/convde.pl?C169

http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.Print.asp?documentid=78&articleid=1163

http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.Print.asp?documentid=78&articleid=1163

http://www.unece.org/env/pp/treatytext.htm

http://www.cbd.int/convention/convention.shtml

Presentation 9

8 ieish - isoaê wOHhkh iyNd.s;ajh ffcj iqrlaIs; m%;sm;a;sh ldÜfckd m%{ma;shg w;aika ;enq rgla f,i Y%S ,xldjo Tjqkaf.a cd;sl ffcj úoHd;aul rduqj cdkuh jYfhka kúlrKh l< Ôúka fjkia lrkafka flfiao hkak ;SrKh lsÍug m%{ma;sh fjkiafldg we; flgqïm;a m%;sm;a;sh m<uqjrg flgqïm;a lsÍug rch úiska nyqúO mqyqKq iys; Wm luqgqjla yÿkajd fok ,oS' fuu flgqïm;a isxy, fou< bx.%sisfhka ,nd.; yel' ffcj iqrlaIs; ;dj .eUqre úoHd;aul ldrKd iu. iïnkaO fõ' fuu flgqïm;a fhdod we;s ;dlaIKsl fhÿï ck;djg y÷kd.ekSug b;du;a wmyiqúh' tfiau fuu ffcj iqrlaIs;;dfõ m%fõYhla wka;¾.; jk ksid tho f;areï.eksug wmyiqúh' uyck u;hla i|yd flfrk wdrdOkh rcfha fjí wvõfha bx.%sis udOHfhkaa muKla M,úh' tfiau wdrdOkdj mqj;am;aj, M, ùfïoS ck;d w;r jeämqr ixialrKh fkdjk mqj;am;l M,lrKq ,eîh' rch úiska ffcj ixrlaIK m%;sm;a;s iïnkaOj fld<Uo idlÉPdjla mj;ajkq ,eîh' flfia fj;;a flgqïm;a NdId ;=fkkau ,nd.; yels w;r idlÉPdj fld<U oS isxyf,ka yd bx.%Sisfhka mj;ajkq ,eîh' wfkl=;a idlÉPdjka kqjr iy .d,af,aoS mj;ajkq ,enq w;r tajd isxyf,ka mj;ajkq ,eîh' ,sÅ; yd jdÑl m%;spdrhka Ndr.kkad ,oS' isoaê wOHhkh ;=< u;=jk .eg¿

4' fuu isoaê wOHhkfha iyNd.s;ajfha olakg ,efnk Okd;aul wxY ú.%y lrkak' fuhg wjidk m%;s:,hg flfia n,mdhso@ 5' fuu isoaê wOHhkha olakg we;s iDKd;aul oDIaàka úia;r lr tajd wjidk m%;sM,hg n,mdk wdldrhg úia;r lrkak' 6' ffcj iqrlaIs;;dj jeks ldrKd j,È ;srK iïnkaOj M,odhs iyNd.s;ajh iy;sl lr.eksu l=uk l%shd ms<sfj, fyda ms<sfj,j,a jHjia:dms; wêldÍka f,i wkd.;fhaoS fhdod .; yelso@

NRG ieish 9 úksúoNdjh

úksúoNdjh

miqìï f;dr;=re

úksúo ndjh hkq f;dr;=re yqjudre lr.ekSu yd újD; wdldrfhka yeisÍuhs' fï

i|yd f;dr;=re ksoyiaj .,dhdu wjYH fõ' ish,qu j.lSñ orkakka w;r

ikakSfõokh újD; ud¾.j,ska isÿùu yd ;SrK .ekSfïÈ meyeÈ,s l%shdmámdáhla

wkq.ukh lsßu wkq.ukh lsÍu úksúo moaO;shla ;=< olakg ,efnk w;r tu.ska

mq,q,a mrdYhla ;=< f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSfï yelshdjo we;sfõ' j.lSï orkakkag

;SrKd;aul f,i wmfhdack wkdjrkh lsÍfïÈ yd ;u u;h wjYH;djh wdrlaIdlsÍu

iïnkaOj f;dr;=re tla/ia lsÍug úksúo ndjh ksid yelshdjla ,efí' úksúo

l%shdj,Ska ksid ;skaÿ ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdj,sh yd tajd l%shd;aul lsÍug j.lSï

orkakkag iyNd.s úh yelafla flfiao hkak ms<sn| f;dr;=re ,nd.; yel'

iajNdúl iïm;a uQ,sl lr.;a Ôjfkdamdh;a iys; .%dóh ck;dj i|yd iajNdúl

iïm;a j,g m%fõY ùug we;s whs;sh yd Ndú;h ms<sn| f;dr;=re ;SrKd;aul

idOlhla f,i l%shdlrhs' m%dfoaYsh ck;djf.a whs;Ska W,a,x>Kh lSrSug W;aiy

.kakd wjia:djloS tu ckhd ;u whs;Ska úêu;a yd jHjia:dms; l%shdj,s yryd

m%;sl¾u fidhd .ekSu ms<sn| f;dr;=re ;SrKd;aul idOl f,i l%shd lrhs'

.eñ m%cdjf.a f;dr;=re yqjudrej fndfyda úg isÿjkafka lg jpkfhks' l=vd ck

fldgila tlaù /iaùï mj;ajd ish,q ck;dj w;r f;dr;=re yqjudre lr.ekSu u.ska

;u u;hla msysgqjd .ekSu isÿlrhs' pdß;%dkql+, iudc cd,hka úiska iEu úgu

m%fhdackh i|yd we;s f;dr;=re iudcfha kQ.;a ck;dj we;¿ ish,qu iudðlhkag

,eîug i,ijhs' tfy;a idïm%OdkQl+, wêldÍka ksr;=reju .eñhkaf.a Wmfoia ,nd

.ekSu fyda ish,qu .eñhkaf.a iyNd.s jQ /iaúïj, m%;s:, yjqf,a fnod .ekSula isÿ

fkdlrhs'

fï ksid fndfyda .eñhka ikaksfõok yd f;dr;=re ,Qmfhka bj;a ùu yd Tjqka

pdß;%dkql+, ;srK .ekSfï l%shdj,sfhka neyer ùuhs' tu ksid ;u iudch ;=<g ;u

wjYH;d ie,ls,a,g fkdf.k ;SrK ks¾udKh lsÍu yd l%shd;aul lsÍu isÿlrkq

,nhs'

iuyr rgj,a wdKavql%u jHjia:dj u.skau f;dr;=re i|yd m%fõYùfï ud¾.h iy;sl

lr we;' we;eï rgj,aj, jHjia:dms; kS;s u.skau f;dr;=re fnod .ekSu yd úksúo

ndjhg n,h mjrd we;' we;eï rgj,a f;dr;=re oek .ekSfï kS;sh iïnkaO kS;s

iïu;lrf.k we;s w;r tu.ska mqrjeishkag rdcH ks,Odßka i;= f;dr;=rej,g

m%fõY ùfï whs;sh ,nd oS we;s w;r we;eï rgj,a fï ms<sn|j flgqïm;a lr we;s

kS;s i,ld n,ñka mj;s '

iajNdúl iïm;a md,kh ms<sn| f;dr;=re j,g m%fõYùug myiqlï f,i rgla

jYfhka m%Odk iajNdúl iïm;a ms<sn| kS;s rdcH wdh;k yd fm!oa.,sl wxYh i;=

f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSfïoS f;dard .ekSug we;s wjia:d wvq ksid .%dóh iudchg wjdishla

isÿfõ' rdcH wdh;k fyda fm!oa.,sl wdh;k j, ;SrK yd l%shd;aul ùï ksid n,mEï

we;sjk .%dóh ck;dj ms<sn| f;dr;=re fiùula isÿfkdlrhs' fï fya;=j ksid fndfyda

wjia:dj,oS l%shdmámdá l%shd;aul lsÍug ;SrK .kafka tlsfkldf.a wjYH;d ms<sn|

wjYH m%udKfhka f;dr;=re ,nd fkdf.kh' iuyr wjia:d j,oS ;SrK .ekSfï È yd

l%shd;aul lsÍfï È iyNd.s;ajh hï uÜgul ;snqKo tu f;dr;=re j.lsjhq;a;ka

yg ,`.djkafka m%udo ùfuks'

fj<| fmd< f;dr;=re tkï mdúÉÑ l< iajNdúl iïm;a tl;= lsÍu fjka lsÍu yd

whnÿ úiqrejdyeÍu iajdNdúl iïm;a Ndú;h ms<sn|j hk f;dr;=re ;SrK

.ekSfïÈ jeo.;a fõ' úksúoNdjfha wvqnj f;dr;=re i|yd we;s ndOdj kS;sh

n,.ekaùu jeks foaj,a úfYaIfhkau .%dóh iudcfha olakg ,efí' kS;sh m%dfoaYsh

NIdj,ska fkd;sîu ksid fndfyda wjia:d j,oS m%dfoaYSh ck;dj jHjia:dms; kS;sh

hkak fkdokshs' tu ksid isÿjk foa lsj fkdyels w;r kS;sh ms<sn|j ck;djf.a

fkdoekqj;a ndjfhka m%fhdack .ekSug iuyr mqoa.,hka fm<fò'

This information is adapted from: Moore, Patricia, Thomas Greiber, and Saima Baig. 2010. Forest Law Governance and Law Enforcement: Findings from the Field. IUCN.

It also appears in Moore, Patti, Xuemei Zhang, and Ronnakorn Tririganon. 2010. Natural Resource Governance Trainers’ Manual. IUCN, RECOFTC, SNV, Bangkok.

Presentation 10

9 jk ieish - isoaê wOHhkh úksúo Ndjh mdßißl ;lafiare jd¾:dj mdßißl ;lafiare jd¾:dj ^ EIA& fhdað; ixj¾Okh jHdmD;shloS we;s úhyels mdßirsl n,mEï iïnkaOfhka wjfndaOhla we;slr.ekSu i|yd m%;sm;a;s ilia lrkakka yg WmldÍ fõ' m%:u j;djg fuu kS;sh fjr< ixrlaIK mk; ;=< wka;¾.; úh' miqj cd;sl mdßißl mk; ;=<o jk i;aj yd jDlaI,;d wdrlaIK wd{d mk; ;=<o fuu EIA iïnkaOj j.ka;s we;=<;a úh' wk mk;a 3 u EIA iy IEE ( uQ,sl mdßißl ;lafiarej& iïnkaOj tlu l%shd mámdáhla fmkajd oS we;' fuu jd¾:dj ms<sfh< lsÍu i|yd ck;dj oekqj;a l< hq;=h' tysoS rcfha mqj;am;a ;=kl NdId ;=fkakau fuu oekaùï M, l< hq;=h' tysÈ fuu jd¾:d iïnkaOj woyia m%ldY lsÍu i|yd Èk 30 la we;=<; ld,hloS isÿl< hq;=hs' rcfh ks<Odßka yd isú,a iudc ixúOdkhka w;r iqyo úYajdih ì|jeàula oelsh yelsh' fuysÈ isú,a ixúOdkhka úiska f;dr;=re ,ndoSfï oS rcfha ks<OdÍka úYajdi fkdlrhs' tfiau rcfha ks<OdÍka úiska isú,a iudc ixúOdkhka ms<sn|j úiajdihla fkd;nhs' fuhg fya;=j jYfhka fmkshkafka rcfha wêldÍkaf.ka f;dr;=re ,ndf.k tu f;dr;=re Tjqkagu úreoaOj Ndú;d lrhs' rch úsiska hdmkh isg ;%sl=Kdu,h olajd wêfõ.s ud¾.hla bÈlsßug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk w;r cd;sl mdßißl mkf;a olajk wjYH;djhka mßÈ EIA jd¾:djlao NdroS we;' fuu wêfõ.S ud¾.h bÈlsÍug fhdað; m%foaYh yryd f;;aìula yuqjk w;r fuu EIA jd¾:dfõ i|yka is;shu ;=< th wka;¾.; fkdfõ' fuu jd¾:d bx.%sisfhka ilialr we;s w;r fïjd l,d;=rlska isxy,g iy fou<g mßj¾:kh lr we;' fuu jd¾:dj b;d ;dlaIKsl f,i ksulr we;s w;r tys jeämqr m%ia;dr wka;¾.; fõ' óg wu;rj fuu jd¾:dj msgq ish .Kkla ÈS¾> tlls' jd¾:dj u.ska ud¾. jHdmD;sh ksid wjia:dkql+,j wj;eka jk ck;djg ksis jkaÈ iu. kej; mÈxÑ lsÍula isÿjk nj fmkajd oS we;' kuq;a Tjqka wjidkfha ,nkafka jHjia:dms; jkaÈhla muKs' fuu EIA iïnkaOj mqj;am;a ksfõokh b;d l=vd ;Srejl wfkl=;a ksfõokhka ueo :,lrk w;r th rfÜ ckm%sh ke;s mqj;am;a 3 la M, lrhs' EIA jd¾:dj iïnkaO fndfyda woyia jd¾:dfõ iuyr úfõpk j, f;;a ìï iïnkaOfhka olajd úfrdaaO;d u;=lr we;' wfkla w;g fï ksid bvï wysñjk ñksiqka Tjqkaf.a bvï j, kshu jákdlu b,a,d isá EIA tl iïnkaOj woyia ,ndÿka fndfyda ckmsßia uyck woyia úuisulg w`v.eiSula fkdlrhs' fuu wêfõ.S ud¾. jHdmD;shg wkque;sh ,enqKs' kuq;a wjidk ;SrKh .ekSfïÈ ,ndÿka woyiaj,ska fndfyda fldgila ie<ls,a,gj;a .ekqfKa ke;'

isoaê wOHhkfha .eg¿

1 kS;shg wkqj uyck woyia EIA tl iïnkaOj ,ndoSug olajk ld,h w¾: ksrEmKh lrhso@ th kS;sfha yrh iu. flfia wkq.; fõ o@

2 wêfõ.s ud¾. jHdmD;sh wkqu; lsÍfïoS úksúoNdjh fyda tys wvqmdvqj

fldf;la ÿrg n,mdhso@

3 iaj iïm;a fyda iajNdúl iïm;a Ndú;d lrkakkag há;, myiqlï ixj¾Okh lSßfï jHdmD;s iïnkaOfhka ;SrK .ekSfï oS úksúoNdjh iïnkaOfhka wkd.;fhaoS jHjia:dms; wêldÍka úiska l=uk l%shd mámdáhla fyda mámdáka wkq.ukh lrhso @ ;sfnk l%shdmámdáka fjkilg ,laúh hq;=o@ tfiakï th flfia fldfydu úh hq;=o@

NRG ieish 10 j.lSï iy.; nj

10 jk ieish isoaê wOHhkh j.lSï iy;sl nj j.=re ìï k.r iSudj ;=< msyssá j.=re ìï j,ska ie<lsh hq;= m%udKhla jeo.;a jkafka iajNdúl c,h neihdug yd .xj;=r md,kh i|ydhs' bvï w;am;a lr .ekSfï mk; hgf;a rchg bvï w;am;a lr.; yelafla fmdÿ wruqKla i|yd muKs rch j.=reìï w;am;a lr.ekSu i|ydo fuu mk; fhdod.kS' tysoS w;am;a lr.ekSfï wruqKq uyck;djg fy,s fkdlrhs' wNHka;r j.=reìï w;am;a lr.ekSfï fya;=j jYfhka rdcH wNHka;r ,shlshú,s u.ska fmkakqï lrkafka c,h r|dmeje;au i|yd iy neihdu i|yd njhs' fuysoS fuu bvï j, kshu whs;slrejka i|yd wju jkaÈhla ,nd fokq ,efí' rcfha wêldÍka úiska fuu j.=re ìfï fldgila mqoa.,sl wjYH;djh u; uyckhdg újD; fkdlr iqfLdamfnda.s .suka y,la iy i;==gq Whkla i|yd nÿ oS we;' mqoa.,sl wjYH;djh u; 3 jk md¾Yúl jHdmdr fhdaðlfhl= fj; fuu whs;sjdislï nÿ oS we;af;a b;d úYd, uqo,lgh' fï w;r EIA ^ mdßißl n,mEï ;lafiare jd¾:dj & bÈßm;a lr we;af;a tu j.=reìï fldgi ;=< f;jk md¾Yúl jHdmdr fhdaclhd úiska bÈlsÍug fhdckdlr we;s f.dvke.s,s i|yd muKs' EIA ksrjoH fkdjk w;r j.=re ìfuka ,nd.kakg hk m%fhdack ish,a, i|yka fkdlrhs' fuysoS EIA tl m%udKj;a fkdjk w;r th m%ldYs; l%shdmámdáhlg wkql+, fkdfõ' ta wkqj ksjerÈ fkdjk EIA u.ska fhdaclhdg j.=re ìï mqrjkakg wjir ,efí' fuysoS tu ìu mqrjkakg wjir ,efnkafka tu N+ñfha fjk;a ;eklska ,nd .ekSfuks' fuh wëlaIKhg hg;a fkdfõ' uyck ys;jdoS msßia fïysoS m%Yak lrkq ,nkafka fmdÿ hym; i|yd c,h neihdug iy r|d isàug we;s flfia fldfydu mqoa.,sl wxYhg nÿ Èh yelso hkakhs' thg fya;=j jkafka Tjqkg wod, f;dr;=re mßmd,kh ;=<ska fy<sorjq fkdùuhs' fuysoS uyck ys;jdoS msßia kvq ud¾.fha nÿ .súiqu ms<sn|j yd wdKavql%u jHjia:dkql+, Ndjh ms<ssn|j f;dr;=re úuihs' Tjqka ;¾l lrkq ,enqfõ fuu iïmQ¾K jHdmD;sh wdKavql%u jHjia:djg mgyeks wkS;sl iy uyck Ndr isoaOdka;hg mgyeks njhs' isoaê wOHhkfhka u;=jk .eg¿ 01. ;SrK .kq ,nkafka ;SrK l%shd;aul lrkafka j.lsj hq;= msßi yÿkd .ekSu iy

ljqreka l=ula i|yd j.lsj hq;=o hkak rEm igyka u.ska fmkakqï lsÍu'

02. isoaê wOHhkh ;=< j.lSu iy;sl lsÍu ms<sn| .eg¿ iy wod, wjia:djka j,oS tu .eg¿ úi|d.ekSu i|yd fhdod.; yels l%shdud¾. úia;r lsÍu'

03. md¾,sfïka;=j rcfha ks,Odßka uyck;dj yd wêlrKh úiska rcfha ks<Odßkaf.a j.lsj hq;= nj iy l%shdl,dmh iïnkaOfhka l=uk l%shdms<sfj;la wkq.ukh lrhso @

Presentation 11

11 jk ieish kS;sfha n,h^md,kh& miqìï f;dr;=re kS;sfha n,h ^md,kh& hkq kS;sfha iu /ljrKhls' tkï wdrlaIdj fukau o`vqjïo ,eîuhs' md,kh ms<sn| uQ,O¾ufhaoS kS;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu fyda oKavkh hkak ;ksju i,ld fkd,nhs' kuq;a th ks;ru tf,i jerÈhg f;areï .kq ,nhs' kS;sfha md,kh hkak pdß;%kdl=, fyda jHjia:dms; kS;sh hgf;a hful=g o`vqjï l, hq;af;a" ie,lsh hq;af;a" wdrlaIdl, hq;af;a" flfiao hkak f;areï .ekSfïks' kS;sfha md,kh hkafkka kS;s iy Í;s ieu úgu iEu flfkl=gu tl f,i n,mEu iy wod, ùu woyia lrhs' ksoiqka f,i rlaIs; jkhl or tl;= lsÍu ;ykïh hkak m%dfoaYsh kdhlhdg fukau ÿmam;a .eñ f.dúhdgo tl f,i wod, úh hq;=h' kS;sfha md,kh hkaafkaoS tu kS;sh ;SrK .kq,nk fyda l%shd;aul lrKq ,eîug n,h we;s wh úiska fíreïlrK l%shdjlg' tu.ska idOdrK kS;s yd fr.=,dis wjYHlrk w;r tajd l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd ¥IS; fkdjq fmd,sia msßilao tu kS;s wod, lr.ekSug iajdëk wëlrKhlao wjYH fõ' kS;sfhs n,h r|d mj;skafka

kS;sj, we;s meyeÈ,s ikakSfõokh"

fjkila fkdù wod,lr.; yels nj"

:,odhs kS;s mekúu"

mq¾j ks.uk yelshdj iy kS;sj, wka;¾.; fldgia fjkia lsrSu i|yd kS;suh jYfhka n, .ekaúh yels ks;s ;sîu'

ck;dj úiska kSS;sh iOdrK ks;Hdkql+, iy hqla;siy.; nj f.!rjfhka ms<s.ekSu yd tajd wkq.ukhg leu;s ùu'

u;h' fndfyda iúNdúl iïm;aj,ska uqo,a Wmhd.; yels l%u ;sfí' fuu wdh;k u.ska ñksiqkag úúO whqßka ÈßoSukd imhkq ,efí' ¥IK rclrk ;ekl kS;sh widOdrK f,i fhdod.ekSu oelsh yel' kS;sfha md,kh we;sùu ish¿ fokdgu oek .ekSug yelsh' th ksis f,i l%shd;aul fkdjkafka

msg mq oa.,hkag o`vqjï ksis mßÈ wod,jk w;r idudðlhkag fyda Tyqf.a mjqf,a whg wod, fkdùu'

iõNdõl iïm;a fj; m%fõYùug tla;rd foaYmd,k mlaIhlg muKla bv ,nd oSu'

úfoaYslhkag jvd iajfoaYslhka oKavkhg ,la lsÍu'

fmdai;=ka yd foaYmd,k w;fld¿ kS;sfhka m,dhk úg ÿmam;=kag ovqjï lsÍu'

jHjia:dms; kS;sh iy pdß;%kdl+, kS;sh w;r ks;ru ke.Sug fya;=j foAYsh ck;dj kS;sh fyda Í;shla flfia wod, fõoehs hkak mQ¾jks.ukh l, fkdyels ksidh'

ksoiqka f,i mrïmrd .Kkdjla isg ëjr l¾udka;fha fhfok .ïj,g pdß;%dkql+, kas;sh wkqj hï hï m%foaYj,g êjr lghq;= i|yd whs;sh ,enqKs' wks;a .ïj, who

tu ëjr iSud udhsï okakd w;r tajdg .relrhs' kuq;a jHjia:dms; kS;sh iSud udhsï fkd;lhs' kuq;a ëjr m%cdj tu jHjia:dms; kS;Ska i,lkafka ke;' tkï tu.ska m%cdjlg n,y;aldrfhka jHjia;dms; kS;s mekùu wjYH ke;' fï w;r Okj;a jHdmdßlfhla jeä jdis ;ld tu m%foaYj, ëjr lghq;=j,g uqo,a fhojq úg fmr lS pdß;%dkql+, kS;shg wkq.; ëjrhka yqremqreÿ tu ëjr c,h w;ayeÍu Tyq wfmalAId lrhs' thska Tjqkaf.a Ôúldjg n,mEï t,a, fõ' fïysoS jHjia:dms; wëldßho êjr m%cdj jHjia:dms; kS;shg wkq..; fjñka êjrhskaf.a pdß;%dkql+, ëjr m%foaY yerhdu wfmalAId lrhs' wjidkfha .egqïj,g fya;=jk w;r .eñhka Tjqkaf.a Ôúldj wdrlaId lr .kakg W;aiy lrhs' iajhx md,kfhaoS fujka .eg¿ ksrka;rfhkau mekk.s' fuu wjia:dj,ska fmkajkafka jHjia:dms; kS;sh u.ska pdß;%dkql+, kS;sh .Kkg fkd.ekSfï wjia:djkah' tysÈ ;j ÿrg;a jHjia:dms; kS;sh iy pdß;%dkql+, kS;sh w;r .egqu yryd kS;fha md,khg we;s wNsfhda. fmkakqï lrhs' fuu f;dr;=re ,nd.;a uQ,dY% ( Moore, Patricia, Thomas Greiber, and Saima Baig. 2010. Forest Law Governance and Law Enforcement: Findings from the Field. IUCN. A version of this information also appears in Moore, Patti, Xuemei Zhang, and Ronnakorn Tririganon. 2010. Natural Resource Governance Trainers’ Manual. IUCN, RECOFTC, SNV, Bangkok.

Presentation 12

ieish11 isoaê wOHhkh

mQ¾jdkqudk / kS;sfha n,h mßir wdrlaIK n,m;% ksl=;a lsÍu

mßir wdrlaIK n,m;% u.ska isÿlrkafka hï l¾udka;hla wdrïN lsÍug wjir

,nd oSuhs' tysoS ksYaÑ; fldkafoais ud,djla wod, wdh;kh úiska iemsßh hq;=hs' fuh

Y%S ,xldjg yÿkajd fokq ,enqfõ ^ 1980 wxl 47 jk mdßißl mk; yrydh& fuys

kj;u kS;sh yÿkajd fokq ,enqfõ ckjdß yd fmnrjdß 2008 oSh' tysoS n,m;% ,nd

.ekSug wjYH kshulrk ,o l%shdldrlï ,ehsia;=jla bÈßm;alr we;' by;

,ehsia;=j i|yd mßir wdrlaIK n,m;%hla ,nd .ekSu w;HjYH fõ'

cd;sl mßir wdrlaIK n,m;% iemhSu i|yd uOHu mßir wêldßh ksfhdað;hd f,i

kï lr we;' m<d;a mdßißl wêldßhla u.ska m<d;a mßir wd{d mk; hgf;a mßir

wdrlaIK n,m;%h ksl=;a lsrSu isÿlrhs' l¾udka;hla ls%hd;aul l<hq;= w;HjYH

yªkd.;a ;;ajhka cd;sl mdßißl mk; yd m<d;a mdßißl wd{dmk; hgf;a

ia:dms; lr we;' mßir wdrlaIK n,m;%hla hï wdh;khla u.ska wkq.ukh l< hq;=

l%shdud¾. cd;sl mdßißl mkf;aÈ yd m<d;a mdßißl wd{dmkf;a È tl iudk fõ'

tl m<d;la i|yd iï moï lrk l¾udka; 5ls' ish,a,u l%shd;auk jkafka m%ñ;shg

wod, jq myiqlï yd l%shdmámdá j,g wkql+,j jqjo tAjd oeä fia ÿIKhla isÿlr;a

tajd EPL hgf;a wdOdrlrk w;ru ksr;=rej w,q;a lsÍu isÿlrhs' fuu m<d;a mßir

w{dmk; hgf;a fjr< iSud fõ iï moï lsÍfï ia:dkhla wdrïN lsÍug fhdackd

úh' fuu fhdað; iï moï lsÍfï ia:dkh m%ñ;shg wod, myiqlï yd l%shdmÜmdÜ

j,g wod,j l%shd;aul ;sÍug kshñ;j we;'

;j;a m<d;l iï moï lsrSfï ia:dk 3la mj;shs' fï ish,a,u m%ï;shg wod, myiqlï

yd l%shdmámdáj,g wkql+,j l%shd;aul ùu isÿfõ' cd;sl mßir mk; hgf;a mßir

wdrlaIK n,m;%hla f;;aa ìula wdY%s;j iï moï lsÍfï l¾udka;hla wdrïN lsÍug

fhdackd lr we;' fuh ks¾udKh lr we;af;a mßir ys;ldñ l%shd mámdáhlgh'

ish¿u whÿï m;%% iïmQ¾K lr we;s w;r ish,qu fhdckd mßir wdrlaIK n,m;%hla

,nd .ekSug kshñ; ish,q l%shdud¾. wkq.ukh lr we;'

m%ñ;shg wkql+,j myiqlï yd l%shdmámdá ks¾udKh lr we;s iï moï lsÍfï

l¾udka;j,g mßir wdrlaIK n,m;%h ksl=;a lsÍu m<d;a mßir wd{dmk; hgf;a

isÿúh' iï moï lrk l¾udka;hla .,dhk øjH md,kh i|yd mkjd we;s ;;a;jhka

wju ksid iï moï lsÍfï ia:dk ks¾udKfha oS ta i|yd wju msßjehla weia;fïka;=

lr we;'

mßir ys;ldñ iï moï lsÍfï l¾udka;h i|yd whÿï m; bÈßm;a lsÍfuka udi

6lg miq cd;sl mßir mk; hgf;a mßir wdrlaIK n,m;%h ksl=;a l< fkdyels nj

okajd isá w;r ta i|yd fya;= bosßm;a lsÍulao isÿlr fkdue;'

fuu isoaê wOHhkh iïnkaOj we;a m%Yak $ .eg,q

01. fuu isoaêh ;+< m%Yak.; jq mq¾jdkqudkhka yd ks;sfha n,h ms<sn|j úia;r

lrkak'

02. iudk kS;s yd iudk wruqKq úúO wdldrfhka l%shd;aul úfïÈ iajNdúl iïm;a

" tajd Ndú;d lrkka yd j.lSï orkakka l%shdlaul ùfï iajNdjh l=ulo@

03. kS;sh iEu fokdgu tlu whqßka iEu úgu l%shdlaul ùu iy;sl lSßug .;

yels l%shdud¾. fudkjdo@

NRG ieish 12 md,kh iy l<uKdlrKh

Presentation 13

mq;a;,u yd fmßhl<mq hk m%foaYfha we;s iajNdõl iïm;a md,kh yd l<ukdlrKh mq;a;,u yd fmßh l<mq hk m%foaYj, msysgd we;s iajNdúl iïm;a j,g wod, .eg,q 28 la 2009 j¾Yfha y÷kdf.k we;' ñka iuyrla md,kh yd ne`ÿkq .eg¿ jq w;r fndfydauhla l<uKdlrKh yd neªkq .eg¿ fõ' my;a oelafjkafka tu .eg¿ 28 ka f;daard.;a .eg¿ 9 la jk w;r bka 6 la md,kh iïnkaO jq tajd;a 3 la l<uKdlrKh iïnkaO tajd f,i oelaúh yelsh' 01. l<mq ksis wdldrfhka l<uKdlrKh lsßug ie,iqula fkdue;s ùu'

02. jeú,s biaika fldgq ,qKq f,ajdhka we;slsÍu jeks úúO ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s i|yd N+ñh f;dard .ekSfï oS rch ksis wdldrfhka wod, m%foaYjdiska iu. iïnkaëlrKh fkdlsÍu

03. jeis iufhoS m%n, iïnkaO;d we;s f.dùka

04. l<mq i|yd udhsï fkdue;s ùu ksid l<mqj i|yd we;s whs;Ska meyer .ekSug uq, mqrhs'

05. idïm%Odhslj mej;f.k wd kS;s yÿkdf.k fyda Ndú;d lsrSu isoq fkdflf¾'

06. m%dfoaYsh ixúOdkj,g ck;dj iyNd.s;ajh wvq w;r tu ksid lemSfmfkk f,i m%foaYh wdY%s; mdßißl .eg,q i|yd l%hdud¾. .; fkdyel'

07. l<mq bjqf¾ we;s úúO f.dvke.Su ksid l<mqj yd ëjr N+ñ l<dm j,g we;=¿ ùfïÈ we;sjk ndOd'

08. rdcH ks,Odßka yd m%foaY jdiSka w;r mj;sk ÿ¾j, wka;¾ iïnkaO;d'

09. ie,iqï ilia lsÍu yd tAjd l%shd;aul lsßu'

mshjr 01

1. md,kh iïnkaO .eg,q yªkd .ekSu

2. l<uKdlrKhg wod, .eg,q y÷kd .ekSu

r;akmqr m%foaYfha yd ks,a., m%foaYfha we;s iajNdõl iïm;a md,kh yd l<ukdlrKh fuu m%foaYfha msysgd we;s iajNdõl iïm;a md,kh yd l<uKdlrKhg wod, .eg¿ 26 la 2009 jif¾oS yÿkd .ekSug yels úh' ñka iuyrla md,kh yd ne`ÿkq .eg¿ jq w;r fndfydauhla l<uKdlrKh yd ne`ÿkq .eg¿ fõ' my;a oelafjkafka tu .eg¿ 26 ka f;daard.;a .eg¿ 9 la jk w;r bka 6 la md,kh iïnkaO jq tajd;a 3 la l<uKdlrKh iïnkaO tajd f,i oelaúh yelsh'

1. mj;sk kS;s hgf;a jk i;=ka u.ska m%foaYfha we;s j.d j,g isÿjk ydksh md,kh l< fkdyels ùu'

2. wod, ksfhdað; wdh;k j, WmfoaYkfha yd jákdlï ;SrKh lsÍfï W!k;djh '

3. ÈUq,afok m%foaYfha fhdað; Wla .ia j.dj yd rn¾ j.dj ^wlalr 250& jeks uyd mßudK ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s j,oS N+ñh f;dard.ekSu i|yd l%shd;aul lrk l%shdmámdáh úksúo Ndjfhka wvqùu '

4. fkdhs÷,a jkdka;r l, iSud ;SrKh lsÍu yd ta iïnkaO .egqï we;sùu

5. rcfha md,k wjhj u.ska widOdrK f,i kS;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu

6. ksjerÈ wdldrfha iyNd.s;ajhlska f;drj ie,iqï lsÍu

7. mßir ¥IKh md,kh úfYaIfhkau jkaokd iufhaoS le<sli, tl’= lsÍu jeks jHdmD;s i|yd foaYSh rdcH wdh;k j, jeäÈhqKq l< l%shdmámdáj, W!k;djh'

8. jkdka;r l<ukdlrKh yd w,ska md,kh jeks ud;Dldj,g wod,j uyck;djg ,ndfok f;dr;=re wju ùu'

9. .,aTh cd;sl jfkdoHdkfha NTFP tl;= lsÍu i|yd wjirm;% l%shdj,shla fkdue;s ùu'

mshjr 01 3. md,kh iïnkaO .eg,q yªkd .ekSu

4. l<uKdlrKhg wod, .eg,q y÷kd .ekSu

mq;a;,u yd fmßhl<mq hk m%foaYfha we;s iajNdõl iïm;a md,kh yd l<ukdlrKh md,kh yd iïnkaO .eg,q 02& tl iudk m%dfoaYsh ksfhdckhlska f;drj úúO ixj¾Ok lghq;= jHdmD;s i|yd N+óka f;dard .ekSu' 03& jeis iufhaÈ n,j;a iïnkaO;d we;s f.dùka je,s ndOl bj;a lsÍu ksid 05& iïm%Odkql+, kS;s y`ÿkd fkd.ekSu yd Ndú; fkdlsÍu ' 06& mßir .eg,q iïnkaOj :,odhs f,i ke.S isáfï yelshdj m%cd ixúOdkj,g we;s fkdyelshdj' 08& rdcH ks<OdrSka yd m%foaYjdiska w;r mj;sk ÿ¾j, wka;¾ iïnkaO;d'

09& êjr yd fjk;a .eg,q i|yd jev igyka yd jHdmD;s ie,iqï lsÍfïoS yd l%shd;aul lsÍfïÈ ksjerÈ wdldrfhka iyNd.s;ajhla fkd;sîu úfYaIfhkau ldka;d iyNd.s;ajhla fkd;sîu' l<uKdlrKhg wod, .eg,q 01& l,mq l<uKdlrKh i|yd ie,iqula fkdue;s ùu' 04& l,mqj i|yd kshñ; iSud ,l=Kq lsßula fkdue;s ksid n,y;aldrfhka w;am;a lr.ekSï isÿfõ' 07& m%foaYjdiSka yd msgia;rhka úiska bÈlrk ,o jegj,a jeks úúO bÈlsÍñ ksid l<mqjg we;=,qùu yd ud,q nisk m%foaY j,g we;=,q ùug we;s wmyiq;d'

r;akmqr yd ks,a., m%foaYfha we;s iajNdúl iïm;a md,kh yd l<uKdlrKh md,kh yd iïnkaO .eg,q

1. wod, ksfhdað; wdh;k j, WmfoaYkfha yd jákdlï ;SrKh lsÍfï wju nj ' ^ Wod− jdßud¾. fomd¾;fïka;=j"jk ixrlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=j " jkÔú ld¾hd," jk yd jki;aj iïnkaO wdh;k

2. ÈUq,afok m%foaYfha fhdað; Wla j.dj yd rn¾ j.dj ^ wlalr 250& jeks uyd mßudK ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s j,oS l%Shd;aul lrk l%shd mámdá úksúoNdjfhka f;dr ùu'

3. ksjerÈ wdldrfhka iyNd.s;ajhlska f;drj ie,iqï ilia lsÍu yd tajd l%shd;aul lsÍu

4. jkdka;r l<ukdlrKh w,ska md,kh jeks ud;Dldj,g wod,j uyck;djg ,nd fok f;dr;=re wju ùu'

5. .,aTh cd;sl jfkdaoHdkfha NTFP tl;= lsÍu i|yd wjir m;% ls%hd j,shla fkdue;s ùu'

6. l<ukdlrKh iïnkaO .eg,q

7. mj;sk kS;s hgf;a jk i;=ka u.ska m%foaYfha we;s j.dj,g isoqjk ydksh md,kh l, fkdyels ùu'

8. fkdhs÷,a jkdka;r j, iSud ;SrKh lsÍu yd tyd iïnkaO .eg,q we;s ùu'

9. mßir ¥IKh md,kh úfYaIfhkau jkaokd iufhaoS le<s li< tl;= lsÍu jeks jHdmD;s i|yd foaYSh rdcH wdh;kj, jeäÈhqKq l< l%shdmámáj, wju ndjh'

l<uKdlrKhg wod, .eg,q 01& mj;sk kS;sh hgf;a jk i;=ka iy j.dlrkakkag we;sjq ydks iïnkaOj md,kh lr.; fkdyels ùu' 04& wmyeÈ,s jkdka;r iSud ,l=Kq lsÍfï yd iïnkaê; .eg,q' 05& ¥IKhka md,khg j.lsjhq;= m<d;a md,k wdh;k w;r fyd`Èka f.dvke.=k hdka;%Khla WodyrK f,i jkaokd ld,hg l=Kq li< tl;= lsÍu iïnkaOj fkdue;súu'

NRG ieish 13 md,kfha rduqj y`ÿkajdoSu

Presentation 14

NRG ieish 14 .eg,q

Presentation 15

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United Nations Development Programme. 1997. Governance for sustainable human development. A UNDP policy

document. Available on-line: http://mirror.undp.org/magnet/policy/summary.htm Accessed 13 September 2009.

UNDP has since expanded this definition. See, for example, United Nations Development Programme. 2007. Governance Indicators: A User’s Guide. p.1. Available on-line:

http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs07/undp_users_guide_online_version.pdf Accessed 9 November 2009. xiii

United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. What is Good Governance? Available on-

line: http://www.unescap.org/pdd/prs/ProjectActivities/Ongoing/gg/governance.asp Accessed 22 October 2009. xiii

OECD definition of governance. On-line: http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=7236 xiii

Council of the European Union. Governance in the Context of Development Cooperation. 14773/03 DEVGEN 144. 13

November 2003. Available on-line: http://register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/03/st14/st14773.en03.pdf Accessed 24

October 2009. xiii

Commission of the European Communities. 2001. European Governance A White Paper. COM(2001) 428 final. Brussels, 25.7.2001. Available on-line: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/com/2001/com2001_0428en01.pdf

Accessed 6 November 2009. xiii

World Bank. Governance Matters. On-line: http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.asp Accessed 23 October

2009. xiii

African Development Bank. What is Governance? On-line: http://www.afdb.org/en/topics-sectors/sectors/economic-

financial-governance/frequently-asked-questions/ Accessed 24 October 2009. xiii

Asian Development Bank. 1999. Governance: Sound Development Management. p.3. Available on-line:

http://www.adb.org/documents/policies/governance/govpolicy.pdf Accessed 24 October 2009. xiii

Canadian International Development Agency. Governance. On-line: http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/acdi-cida/ACDI-

CIDA.nsf/eng/JUD-111883426-HX4 Accessed 23 October 2009. xiii

Department for International Development. 2007. Governance, Development and Democratic Politics DFID’s work in building more effective states. p.6. United Kingdom. Available on-line:

http://www.dfid.gov.uk/Documents/publications/governance.pdf Accessed 24 October 2009. xiii

Plumptre, Tim. What is Governance? Institute on Governance. On-line:

http://www.iog.ca/page.asp?pageID=3&htmlarea=home Accessed 23 October 2009 xiii

International Institute for Environment and Development. Governance. “It includes regionalisation, decentralisation and

the informal interactions between government and other actors (including non-governmental) and the key roles they play in delivering effective, accountable solutions to shared problems.” On-line: http://www.iied.org/governance/about/about-governance-group Accessed 23 October 2009. xiii

de Ferranti, David et al. 2009. How to improve governance : a new framework for analysis and action. p.8. The

Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C.. xiii

IUCN. Strategies. IUCN refers to these as “principles” of governance. On-line:

http://www.iucn.org/about/work/global_programme/strategies/ Accessed 22 October 2009. xiii

United Nations Development Programme. 1997. Governance for sustainable human development. A UNDP policy

document. Available on-line: http://mirror.undp.org/magnet/policy/summary.htm Accessed 13 September 2009. xiii

United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. What is Good Governance? Available on-

line: http://www.unescap.org/pdd/prs/ProjectActivities/Ongoing/gg/governance.asp Accessed 22 October 2009. xiii

Commission of the European Communities. 2001. European Governance A White Paper. COM(2001) 428 final. Brussels, 25.7.2001. p.8. Available on-line: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/com/2001/com2001_0428en01.pdf Accessed 6 November 2009. xiii

African Development Bank. 2008. Governance Strategic Directions and Action Plan GAP 2008-2012. p. 15, footnote 1.

Available on-line: http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/7000017_EN_OSGE%20anglais%20OK.pdf

Accessed 24 October 2009. xiii

Asian Development Bank. 1999. Governance: Sound Development Management. p.viii. Available on-line:

http://www.adb.org/documents/policies/governance/govpolicy.pdf Accessed 24 October 2009. xiii

United States Agency for International Development. Promoting democratic governance.

http://www.usaid.gov/fani/overview/overview_governance.htm Accessed 13 September 2009. xiii

World Bank. Governance Matters 2009. http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.asp Accessed 13 September

2009. xiii

United Kingdom Department for International Development. 2006. Eliminating world poverty making governance work for the poor.

http://www.dfid.gov.uk/Documents/publications/whitepaper2006/whitepaper-printer-friendly.pdf Accessed 22 October 2009. xiii

The World Bank refers to these as “dimensions” of governance and combines “voice” and “accountability” into one

dimension. xiii

The World Bank specifies that “public availability of knowledge and information” is a prerequisite for governance improvement and anti-corruption.

http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/WBI/EXTWBIGOVANTCOR/0,,contentMDK:20678938~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:1740530,00.html Accessed 13 September 2009. xiii

One definition of accountability says that accountability is responsiveness: “Accountability, in general, describes the

responsiveness on the part of government to citizens’ demands concerning the type of public services the public sector should provide. This may include the government’s response to citizen efforts to bring about a change in the government’s behavior by persuasion, demand, or compulsion.” de Ferranti, David et al. 2009. How to improve governance: a new

framework for analysis and action. The Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C. p.7.

http://mirror.undp.org/magnet/policy/summary.htm

http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs07/undp_users_guide_online_version.pdf

http://www.unescap.org/pdd/prs/ProjectActivities/Ongoing/gg/governance.asp

http://register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/03/st14/st14773.en03.pdf

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/com/2001/com2001_0428en01.pdf

http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.asp

http://www.afdb.org/en/topics-sectors/sectors/economic-financial-governance/frequently-asked-questions/

http://www.afdb.org/en/topics-sectors/sectors/economic-financial-governance/frequently-asked-questions/

http://www.adb.org/documents/policies/governance/govpolicy.pdf

http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/acdi-cida/ACDI-CIDA.nsf/eng/JUD-111883426-HX4

http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/acdi-cida/ACDI-CIDA.nsf/eng/JUD-111883426-HX4

http://www.dfid.gov.uk/Documents/publications/governance.pdf

http://www.iog.ca/page.asp?pageID=3&htmlarea=home

http://www.iied.org/governance/about/about-governance-group

http://www.iied.org/governance/about/about-governance-group

http://www.iucn.org/about/work/global_programme/strategies/

http://mirror.undp.org/magnet/policy/summary.htm

http://www.unescap.org/pdd/prs/ProjectActivities/Ongoing/gg/governance.asp

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/com/2001/com2001_0428en01.pdf

http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/7000017_EN_OSGE%20anglais%20OK.pdf

http://www.adb.org/documents/policies/governance/govpolicy.pdf

http://www.usaid.gov/fani/overview/overview_governance.htm

http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.asp

http://www.dfid.gov.uk/Documents/publications/whitepaper2006/whitepaper-printer-friendly.pdf

http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/WBI/EXTWBIGOVANTCOR/0,,contentMDK:20678938~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:1740530,00.html

http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/WBI/EXTWBIGOVANTCOR/0,,contentMDK:20678938~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:1740530,00.html

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DFID uses the term “State capability”.

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