IIIIIIIVV Chemical Reactions Types of Chemical Reactions.
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Transcript of IIIIIIIVV Chemical Reactions Types of Chemical Reactions.
I II III IV V
Chemical Reactions
Types of Chemical Reactions
A. Combination or Synthesis the combination of 2 or more
substances to form a compound
only one product
A + B AB
A. Synthesis
H2(g) + Cl2(g) 2 HCl(g)
Al(s)+ Cl2(g) AlCl3(s)2 3 2
A. Combination or Synthesis
Products: ionic - cancel charges covalent - hard to tell
B. Combustion
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
the burning of any substance in O2 to produce heat
A + O2 B
EX: Burning of natural gas, wood and gasoline
Na(s)+ O2(g)
C3H8(g)+ O2(g) 5 3 4
B. Combustion
Products: contain oxygen hydrocarbons form CO2 + H2O
CO2(g)+ H2O(g)
Na2O(s) 4 2
***Combustion reactions are a type of synthesis reaction
C. Decomposition
a compound breaks down into 2 or more simpler substances
only one reactant
AB A + B
C. Decomposition
2 H2O(l) 2 H2(g) + O2(g)
KBr(l) K(s) + Br2(l) 2 2
C. Decomposition
Products: binary - break into elements others - hard to tell
2NaHCO3(s) Na2CO3(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
D. Single Displacement or Replacement one element replaces another in a compound
metal replaces metal (+) nonmetal replaces nonmetal (-) Halogens are replaced by a more reactive
halogen
A + BC B + AC
D. Single Displacement or Replacement
Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(s)
Fe(s)+ CuSO4(aq) Cu(s)+ FeSO4(aq)
D. Single Displacement or Replacement
Products: metal metal (+) nonmetal nonmetal (-) free element must be more active (check activity series)
Br2(l)+ NaCl(aq) N.R.
Activity Series of the Metals
Lithium Potassium Calcium Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Zinc Chromium Iron Nickel Lead HydrogenHydrogen Bismuth Copper Mercury Silver Platinum Gold
Metals can replace other metalsprovided that they are above themetal that they are trying to replace.
Metals above hydrogen can replace hydrogen in acids.
Metals from sodium upward canreplace hydrogen in water
The Activity Series of the Halogens
Fluorine
Chlorine
Bromine Iodine
Halogens can replace other halogens in compounds, providedthat they are above the halogenthat they are trying to replace.
2NaCl(s) + F2(g) 2NaF(s) + Cl2(g)
MgCl2(s) + Br2(g) No Reaction
AB + CD AD + CB
E. Double Displacement or Replacement ions in two compounds “change partners” cation of one compound combines with
anion of the other
E. Double Displacement or Replacement
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + K2CrO4(aq) PbCrO4(s) + 2KNO3(aq)
Pb(NO3)2(aq)+ KI(aq) PbI2(s)+ KNO3(aq)
E. Double Displacement or Replacement Products:
switch negative ions one product must be insoluble (check
solubility table)
NaNO3(aq)+ KI(aq) N.R.
2 2