IIIIIIIV III. Ionic Compounds (p. 176 – 180, 203 – 211) Ch. 6 & 7 - Chemical Bonding.
-
Upload
miguel-watkins -
Category
Documents
-
view
223 -
download
0
Transcript of IIIIIIIV III. Ionic Compounds (p. 176 – 180, 203 – 211) Ch. 6 & 7 - Chemical Bonding.
A. Energy of Bond Formation
Lattice Energy Energy released when one
mole of an ionic crystalline compound is formed from gaseous ions
C. Ionic Nomenclature
Ionic Formulas
Write each ion, cation first. Don’t show charges in the final formula.
Overall charge must equal zero. If charges cancel, just write symbols. If not, use subscripts to balance charges.
Use parentheses to show more than one polyatomic ion.
Stock System - Roman numerals indicate the ion’s charge.
C. Ionic Nomenclature
Ionic Names
Write the names of both ions, cation first.
Change ending of monatomic ions to -ide.
Polyatomic ions have special names.
Stock System - Use Roman numerals to show the ion’s charge if more than one is possible. Overall charge must equal zero.
C. Ionic Nomenclature
Consider the following: Does it contain a polyatomic ion?
-ide, 2 elements no-ate, -ite, 3+ elements yes
Does it contain a Roman numeral?Check the table for metals not in Groups 1 or 2.
No prefixes!
C. Ionic Nomenclature
Writing Ionic Formulas:
Calcium chlorideCa2+ Cl1-
charges do not cancel, must criss-cross charges
Rewrite as complete formula without oxidation numbers
CaCl2
21
potassium chloride
magnesium nitrate
copper(II) chloride
K+ Cl
Mg2+ NO3
Cu2+ Cl
KCl
Mg(NO3)2
CuCl2
C. Ionic Nomenclature
calcium oxide
aluminum chlorate
magnesium chloride
Ca2+ O2 CaO
Al3+ ClO3 Al(ClO3)3
Mg2+ Cl MgCl2
C. Ionic Formulas
D. Ionic Compounds with Transition Metals
For transition metals, valence electrons and oxidation #’s are variable
Exceptions: Sn (tin), Pb (lead), and AgSn (tin), Pb (lead), and Ag1+1+, , ZnZn2+2+, Cd, Cd2+2+
Roman numerals indicate the oxidation #
Chromium (III) = Cr3+
Iron (II) = Fe2+
Lead (IV) = Pb4+
E. Naming Ionic Compounds with Transition Metals
Write the ox. # in parentheses using Roman numerals. To determine oxidation #, know that overall charge of compound = 0
Cr2O3
CrO
3 x -2 = -6
2 x ___ = +6-3
Chromium (III) oxide
2 x -2 = -4
2 x ___ = +4+2
Chromium (II) oxide
Copper (II) bromide
Tin (IV) oxide
Manganese (II) chloride
Cu2+ + Br - CuBr2
Sn4+ + O2- Sn2O4 SnO2
Mn2+ + Cl - MnCl2
E. Ionic Formulas with Transition Metals