III.3 Anindya Hiswara 1506710235
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Transcript of III.3 Anindya Hiswara 1506710235
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PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS EXPERIMENTAL REPORT
EXPERIMENT TOWARD COARSE AGGREGATE
MODULE III.3
EXAMINATION OF BULK DENSITY (UNIT WEIGHT) AND VOIDS IN
COARSE AGGREGATE
GROUP K1
Anin!" Hi#$"%" 1&'1'*3&
Faisal Brahmanstya 1506710191
Maulana Soediro 1506710203
Nandita M 1506710222
Date of E!eriment " 2#th$%to&er 2015
Name of E!eriment 'ssistant " (in%ent
Date of '!!ro)al "
S%ore "
'ssistant*s Si+nature "
LABORATORY OF STRUCTURE AND MATERIAL
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTEMENT
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
DEPOK *'1&
A. OB+ECTIVES
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,his e!eriment is to determine the &ul- density or unit .ei+ht and )oids in
%oarse a++re+ate/
Density is ratio of mass and )olume/
B. TOOLS AND E,UIPMENT
1/ Balan%e .ith 0/1 a%%ura%y of the sam!le*s total mass
2/ ,ray that has enou+h s!a%e to dry the %oarse a++re+ate
3/ ,em!er .ith 15 mm of diameter 60 %m of len+th .ith roundedend in
material that &etter from anti%orrosi)e steel
#/ Strai+ht ed+e
5/ ylinder steel %ontainer that ri+id enou+h has holder outside and %a!a%ity
as follo."
,a&le 2/1/ ontainer a!a%ity
a!a%ity
4itre
Diameter
4mm
ei+ht
4mm
Minimum
,hi%-ness of
ontainer 4mm
Maimum
+rain si8e
4mm
Base Side
2/32 152/#
2/5
15#/9
2/5
5/0 2/5# 12/7
9/#35 203/2
2/5
292/1
2/5
5/0 2/5# 25/#
1#/15 25#/0
2/5
279/#
2/5
5/0 3/00 3/1
2/316 355/6
2/5
2#/#
2/5
5/0 3/00 101/6
C. MATERIALS
:uttin+ the %oarse a++re+ate in to the tray at the minimum )olume of %a!a%ity
that %om!ati&le .ith ta&le 3/2; dryin+ the a++re+ate in the o)en .ith
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2/ ?nsertin+ the %oarse a++re+ate %arefully so that se!aration of +rains
from maimum hei+ht of 5 %m a&o)e the %ontainer did not ha!!en and
mo)in+ it .ith s!oon or sho)el until the %ontainer is full/
3/ 'li+nin+ the surfa%e of the %oarse a++re+ate .ith strai+ht ed+e/
#/ S%alin+ and ta-in+ a note of the mass of the %ontainer .ithin the
%oarse a++re+ate inside it 2=/
5/ al%ulatin+ the mass of %oarse a++re+ate 3@ >2A >1=/
Solid &ul- density .ith maimum +rain of 3/1 mm 2A >1=
E. DATA CALCULATION
Some formula for this e!eriment"
Bul- Density of '++re+ate @ B W3
V kg /dm3
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(oids @( AW)B(AW)
100
>here"
( @ )olume of the %ontainer
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(oids @( AW)B
(AW) 100
(oids @(1.681 )1.49
(1.681) 100 @ 11/31
i++in+ :ro%ess
ontainer*s mass 1=>1@ 5/11 -+
ontainer*s mass .ith %oarse a++re+ate inside it after e!eriment 2=>2@ 19/5 -+
oarse a++re+ate after e!eriment 3@ >2A >1=>3 @ 19/5 A 5/11 @ 1#/#7 -+
Bul- Density @ B @W
3
V kg /dm3
B @14.47
9.55@ 1/51 kg /dm3
(oids @( AW)B
(AW) 100
(oids @(1.681 )1.51
(1.681) 100 @ 10/12
>ei+ht of
%ontainer
1= 4-+
(olume
of
ontainer
ei+ht of
%ontainer after
e!eriment
2= 4-+
>ei+ht of
%oarse
a++re+ate
3= 4-+
Bul-
Density
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Before doin+ this e!eriment %ourse a++re+ates .ere needed to &e
!re!ared in a dry %ondition first/ ,he e!eriment itself %an &e di)ided into
three !arts .hi%h %ontain different method ea%h .hi%h are loose .ei+ht
method sta&&in+ !ro%ess method and Ci++in+ !ro%ess method/ First of all
the mass of the %ontainer is needed to &e s%aled in e)ery methods/ For the
loose .ei+ht su&e!eriment the net ste! .as !uttin+ in the %oarse
a++re+ate into the %ontainer until it full/ For the sta&&in+ !ro%ess !art the
net ste! .as !uttin+ in %oarse a++re+ate into the %ontainer e)ery onethird
of the %ontainer and solidifyin+ it .ith tem!er t.enty fi)e times e)enly
and do the rest for the t.othird !art/ For the Ci++in+ !ro%ess the net ste!
.as !uttin+ in the %oarse a++re+ate into three same thi%-nesses of the
%ontainer*s layer and solidifyin+ ea%h layer .ith sha-in+ ea%h side t.enty
fi)e times/ ater the last ste! of all !arts .as ali+nin+ the surfa%e .ith
strai+ht ed+e and s%alin+ the .ei+ht a+ain/
,he o&Ce%ti)es of the e!eriment are determinin+ the )alue &ul-
density of %oarse a++re+ate and )oid %ontent of %oarse a++re+ate/ Bul-
density of a++re+ate or unit .ei+ht is the mass of a++re+ate !er unit &ul-
)olume/ ,he mass of a++re+ate is determined in o)endry %ondition and
the )olume is the )olume of !arti%les !lus the )olume of )oids/ ,he )alue
of the &ul- density .ill determine ho. mu%h the )oids %ould &e filled .ith
fine a++re+ate and %ement/ ,he lo.er the &ul- density there are more
)oids to &e filled and &a%-.ards the hi+her the &ul- density there are fe.
)oids to &e filled/
Based on 'S,M 29 the )alue of the &ul- density is usually
a&o)e 15 for %oarse a++re+ate and &elo. 15 for fine a++re+ate/ ,he
a++re+ates itself are di)ided into three -inds de!ends on unit .ei+ht of
a++re+ate .hi%h are li+ht.ei+ht normal.ei+ht and hea)y.ei+ht/ ,he
li+ht.ei+ht a++re+ate is a++re+ate .ith &ul- density less than 70
lbs/ ft3 or 1220 kg /m3 / ,he normal.ei+ht a++re+ate is a++re+ate
.ith &ul- density &et.een 15201690 kg /m3 / ,he hea)y.ei+ht
a++re+ate is a++re+ate .ith &ul- density +reater than 130 lbs/ ft3 or
200 kg /m3 /(oid used to re!resent the amount of air s!a%e &et.een the
a++re+ate !arti%les/ ,he )oid %ontent is the total )olume minus the solid
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)olume of !arti%les/ (oid %ontent .hi%h normally forms in !er%enta+e %an
&e %al%ulated &y %rossin+ &ul- s!e%ifi% +ra)ity .ith .ater density then
minus it .ith &ul- density o)er &ul- s!e%ifi% +ra)ity %ross .ater density
then %ross .ith 100/
,he )oid %ontent for normal a++re+ate )aries from 30 to 50
!er%enta+es de!endin+ on sha!e si8e and teture/ For %oarse a++re+ate it
)aries from 30 to 50 !er%enta+es de!endin+ on the maimum si8e/ ,he
lar+er the maimum si8e the lo.er the )oid %ontent/
*. R2#6-0 An"-!#i#
From this e!eriment the data has &een +ot are the )alue of &ul-
density and )oids from ea%h methods/
From the first methods loose !ro%ess the )alue of the &ul- densityis 1/3 kg /dm3 and the )oid %ontent is 17/6/ From the se%ond
methods sta&&in+ !ro%ess the )alue of the &ul- density is 1/#9 kg /dm3
and the )oid %ontent is 11/31/ From the third methods Ci++in+ !ro%ess
the )alue of the &ul- density is 1/51 kg /dm3 and the )oid %ontent is
10/12/
From those three methods it %ould &e -no.n that the a++re+ate is
&et.een li+ht.ei+hts and normal.ei+ht a++re+ate/ For the )oid %ontent
from loose !ro%ess is &elo. the ran+e of %oarse a++re+ate*s )oid %ontent/ ?t
also sho.n the same as .ell for the other data/ o.e)er it still %ould &e
-no.n that the lo.est density is .ith loose !ro%ess and hi+hest density is
.ith Ci++in+ !ro%ess/ ,he lo.est )oid %ontent is .ith Ci++in+ !ro%ess and
the hi+hest )oid %ontent is .ith loose !ro%ess/
Be%ause of !ourin+ the %oarse a++re+ate into the %ontainer .ithout
solidifyin+ it the &i++er )oid %ontent ha!!en in the loose !ro%ess !art/ ?t
%reates &i+ s!a%es as .ell .hi%h is %alled as )oid/ Be%ause of the )oid the
)olume &e%omes &i++er and the )alue density %ould &e smaller in other
.ay/
,he lo.est )oid %ontent ha!!en in Ci++in+ !ro%ess !art/ ?t %ould
ha!!en due to the solidifyin+ !ro%ess &y sha-in+ the ea%h side for 25
times/ By solidifyin+ the %oarse a++re+ate e)enly the )oid %ontent that has
&een %reate is lo. .hi%h sho.s that it %reates little s!a%es in &et.een
%oarse a++re+ate/ Be%ause of that the )olume that %ould fill the %ontainer
&e%omes smaller and the )alue of density %ould &e hi+her/
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3. E%%% An"-!#i#
Mista-es %ould ha!!en in any la&oratory e!eriment/ E)en thou+h
it %ould diminished .ith !re%aution &ut in this e!eriment the error still
ha!!ened/ ,he error is the )alue of the )oid %ontent is &elo. the ran+e of
the )oid %ontent of %oarse a++re+ate/ ?t %ould ha!!en &e%ause the !ro%ess
did not ee%ute !ro!erly/ ,he first method .as .ron+ &e%ause sie)in+
usin+ hand %annot ma-e the %oarse a++re+ate distri&ute .ell/ ?n result the
si8e of a++re+ate that .ere used had a lot of )ariety si8e/
G. CONCLUSION
,his e!eriment is di)ided into three su&e!eriments .ith different
methods for ea%h su&e!eriment/ ,here are three methods .hi%h are loose!ro%ess sta&&in+ !ro%ess and Ci++in+ !ro%ess/ ,he loose !ro%ess Cust !ourin+
the %oarse a++re+ate into the %ontainer the sta&&in+ !ro%ess di)ide into three
layer and use tem!er and the Ci++in+ !ro%ess di)ide into three layer and sha-e
ea%h side/ ,his e!eriment*s !ur!ose is to determine the )alue of &ul- density
and the )alue of )oid %ontent/
From the data !ro%essin+ the data has &een +ot is >1 >2 >3
)olume &ul- density and the )oid %ontent/ From the loose !ro%ess the > 1 is
5/11 -+ the >2 is 1/2 -+ the >3is 13/17 the )olume is 9/55 dm3 the )alue
of the &ul- density is 1/3 kg /dm3 and the )oid %ontent is 17/6/ From
the sta&&in+ !ro%ess the >1 is 5/11 -+ the >2 is 19/30 -+ the >3is 1#/19 the
)olume is 9/55 dm3 the )alue of the &ul- density is 1/#9 kg /dm3 and the
)oid %ontent is 11/31/ From the Ci++in+ !ro%ess the >1 is 5/11 -+ the >2 is
19/5 -+ the >3 is 1#/#7 the )olume is 9/55 dm3 the )alue of the &ul-
density is 1/51 kg /dm3 and the )oid %ontent is 10/12/
From the e!eriment it %an &e %on%lude that the %oarse a++re+ate is
&et.een li+ht.ei+ht a++re+ate and normal.ei+ht a++re+ate &ased on the
)alue of &ul- density/ 'fter that the )oid %ontent is ran+in+ from 10/12
17/6/ $ne of three )alues of )oid %ontent is mu%h &elo. o)er the standard
of )oid %ontent for %oarse a++re+ate/ ?t ha!!ened due to the mista-e that
ha!!ened from ea%h method .hi%h .as usin+ hand sie)e the %oarse
a++re+ate/ 'nd then the lo.est density is .ith loose !ro%ess and hi+hest
density is .ith Ci++in+ !ro%ess/ ,he lo.est )oid %ontent is .ith Ci++in+ !ro%essand the hi+hest )oid %ontent is .ith loose !ro%ess/
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H. REFERENCES
'meri%an So%iety for ,estin+ and Materials/ GStandards ,est Method for Bul-
Density 4GHnit >ei+ht and (oids in '++re+ate No/ 'S,M 29I 29M A 97
4ea!!ro)ed 2003/Annual Book of ASTM Standards, (ol 0#/02
Badan Standarisasi Nasional/ GMetode !en+uCian &erat isi dan ron++a udara
dalam a+re+at SN? 03#0#199
SomayaCi Shan/ Civil Engineering Materials/ 2nded/ :renti%e all 2001/
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I. APPENDIX
Fi+ure ?/1/ oose >ei+ht ourse
'++re+ate
Fi+ure ?/2/ Sta&&in+ :ro%ess ourse
'++re+ate
Fi+ure ?/3/ i++in+ :ro%ess ourse
'++re+ate
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