SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN

FOUNDATION IN NATURAL BUILD ENVIRONMENT

PREPARED BY: TEH WEI HONG (0323743)

: TEOH ZHE KHAI (0322905)

LECTURER: PN.HASMANIRA

INTRODUCTION TO THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

(QSB 30105)

FINAL PROJECT: DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL

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CONTENT

1. Introduction To The Site2. Key Plan & Location Plan3. Site Plan & Site Context4. Site Analysis & Observation5. First Proposal

5.1. Benefits & Impacts5.2. Sketch plan of proposal5.3. Sketches/Example of design concept/idea5.4. Profession Involved & Their Tasks5.5. Authorities Procedure

6. Second Proposal6.1. Rationale, Benefits and Impact6.2. Proposal 6.3. Professions involved and their Tasks6.4. Authority Procedure6.5. Costs

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INTRODUCTION TO THE SITE

Bayan Lepas is an industrial and residential district in Penang, Malaysia. Our site is located in Sungai Ara, a large residential area in Bayan Lepas. Sungai Ara is a large hillside area that consists mainly of terrace houses but also has a number of apartment buildings and semi-detached houses. It is located near the northern part of Bayan Lepas.

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The site we used is part of an empty land located next to the main road and surrounded by residential buildings. A large area of terrace houses are located opposite the site while some condos and apartment buildings are beside the site. Commercial buildings are located to the Northwest and South of the site. Our site is 50mx70m (3500m²) in size.

KEY PLAN

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LOCATION PLAN

SITE PLAN

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SITE CONTEXT

SHOPLOTS

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APARTMENTS

TERRACE HOUSES

SITE ANALYSIS AND OBSERVATION

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The site is an empty piece of land that has been left untouched for years. Most of it is flat and dry land, but there is also a large area of overgrown vegetation. The size of our site is 50mx70m (3500m²), but the actual size of the empty land is bigger. As a result, our site is surrounded by the remaining empty land.

The site is located right next to the main road. The road is the main way to enter or leave the area and is used by residents every day to travel anywhere outside. The site is also surrounded by a few smaller roads. The site receives a fair amount of sunlight most of the time but may receive some shade at certain times of the day due to the apartment buildings beside it. It also has an average temperature of 27°C.

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Sungai Ara is a huge place, often considered a town on its own. It has an estimated area of 135 km² and a population of about 156,000 people. It also has a density of 1,447 people per km². Our site is located near the Northeast part of Sungai Ara. The site is not located at the centre of Sungai Ara as that area has mostly already been developed and it is hard to find empty land there. Traffic on the main road next to the site is also better compared to the area near the centre of Sungai Ara.

View of Sungai Ara

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FIRSTPROPOSAL

(COMMERSIAL +RECREATIONAL AREA)

By: TEH WEI HONG

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The rationale, benefits and impacts of your project to the client and the surrounding community/end user

From the site context, we can see that the empty land is surrounded by residential area. As we all know Penang has a varity of delicious food but in this area of Sungai Ara there is lack of shops and restaurants, furthermore the residents have to travel a long way to another area for searching foods. In fact, the residents this area is not that rich and the apartments are low cost. According to this situation, the land cannot be develop into too high class but still need to comply the residents’ requirements. Finally I had came up a proposal to build a low cost food court that everyone around is affordable the cost and now the problem solved.

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Benefits The land is left empty for years and years, and developing it bring what benefits to residents nearby?

First of all, the picture above is actually is a streets view from Google maps, we can clearly see that the land is covered by dirt and weeds, there is no maintenance in progress and there might be mouse, snake, mosquitoes and others pests appear.

The first benefit of developing this land is reduce pests and make a clean and neat surrounding for the residential. This is because when the workers will clean everything on the land before developing. Building a food court also bring benefits to the residential. First they can save their petrol or energy to travel to another area for foods. Besides there is variety of foods in food courts. This is such a convenience for the residents. My food court designed and divided into two part that’s outdoors and indoors. Obviously we knows that outdoors foods are cheaper than the indoors, so the cost is affordable for everyone. Lastly the food court is connected to main road and it is easy for others to travel there.

ImpactsActually as a developer, we have to minimize the impacts cause to the surrounding for example the land and residents. The only impact will

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cause that’s the annoying sound made when developing and building the food court and it is temporary, so it is fine.

Sketches of Food Court Proposal

Bubble diagram

Conceptual ideas

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Floor Plan

Zoning

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Label

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Elevation A-A (Side View)

Elevation B-B (Front View)

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Perspective View

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Examples of Design Concept

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Profession Involved1. Planner2. Surveyor (Land Surveyor & Quantity Surveyor)3. Engineer Consultant (Civil Engineer)4. Architect 5. Landscape Architect 6. Mechanical & Electrical Engineer

Tasks1. Land planners work together with government officials,

developers, and other interested parties to create large-scale decisions regarding land use. Because these decisions are impacted by already existing procedures, and because the judgements will have impact on levels both economic and environmental, land planners act as specialists and investigators, determining the true long-term impacts of judgements.

2. Land surveyors measure and collect data on specific areas of land. Once the data is interpreted, it is used for a multiplicity of purposes. measuring the ground as needed by the client, including aspects such as small and large-scale distances, angles and elevations gathering data on the earth's physical and man-made features through surveys

3. Quantity surveyor manages all costs relating to building and civil engineering projects, from the initial calculations to the final figures. Surveyors seek to minimise the costs of a project and enhance value for money, while still completing the compulsory standards and quality. Many of these are specified by statutory building regulations, which the surveyor needs to know and adhere to. A quantity surveyor may work for either the client or the contractor, working in an office or on site. They are involved in a project from the start, preparing approximations and costs of the work.

4. Civil engineers are involved with the design, development and construction of a big range of projects in the built and natural environment. Their role is central to ensuring the safe, timely and well-resourced completion of projects in many areas, including:

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highway construction, waste management, astral development, geotechnical engineering. Consulting civil engineers liaise with clients to plan, manage, design and supervise the construction of projects. They work in a number of different settings and, with experience, can run projects as a project manager. Civil engineering offers many chances as well as the fulfilment of helping to improve and improve public quality of life in many settings.

5. Architects are involved from the earliest stages of a building project, which can start with developing ideas with the client, establishing budgets, assessing the needs of the building and its users, and its impact within the local environment. They assist with site selection and work closely with contractors on site, certifying that works are carried out to specific standards and that, above all, the building is sustainable, functional and aesthetically pleasing. They also need to have an awareness of commercial and financial considerations. Architects work in the construction industry and are involved with designing new buildings, extensions or alterations to existing buildings, or advising on the restoration and conservation of old properties. They can work on themselves buildings or on large improvement schemes, and can be responsible for the design of the surrounding landscape and spaces. Architects work closely with their clients and users to make sure that projected designs match their needs and are functional, safe and economical. They usually control a project from begin to finish and work with an amount of construction professionals, including surveyors and engineers, producing drawings and specifications that the construction team works to. The role of an architect is very varied and can range from freelance and small-scale project work to employment with multinational organisations working on iconic landmarks.

6. Landscape architects make the landscape around us. They plan, design and manage open spaces including both natural and built environments. They work to provide innovative and aesthetically pleasing environments for people to enjoy, while confirming that changes to the natural environment are appropriate, sensitive and sustainable. The work covers diverse projects - both urban and rural - that range from designing the layout of parks, gardens and housing estates to city-centre design, sporting sites and improving land affected by mining or motorway construction. A landscape

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architect collaborates closely with landscape contractors, as well as other professionals, especially architects, town planners, environmentalists and people working in surveying and engineering functions.

7. Mechanical engineers provide efficient solutions to the development of processes and products, ranging from small component designs to extremely large plant, machinery or vehicles. They can work on all stages of a product, from research and development to design and manufacture, through to installation and final commissioning. Most industries rely on a form of mechanical systems and mechanical engineering is thought to be one of the most diverse of all engineering disciplines. Mechanical engineers provide efficient solutions to the development of processes and products, ranging from small component designs to extremely large plant, machinery or vehicles. They can work on all stages of a product, from research and development to design and manufacture, through to installation and final commissioning. Most industries rely on a form of mechanical systems and mechanical engineering is thought to be one of the most diverse of all engineering disciplines.

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AUTHORITY PROCEDURES

1. Authority Requirement1.1.Application for Landuse Conversation

1.2.Application for Land Subdivision1.3.Building Plan Submission/ Approval

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1.4.Requirement During Construction

1.5.Completion of Works and Handing Over1.6.Works Related to Utility/ Services1.7.Operations and Maintenance (O&M)1.8.Requirements of Department of Environment

2. Documentation2.1.Drawings2.2.Design Reports2.3.Construction Records2.4.Operation & Maintenance Manual2.5.Maintenance, Repair and Upgrading Records2.6.Performance Record

3. Submittal Requirements3.1.Sub mission for Land Subdivision3.2.Submission for Building Plan Approval

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SECONDPROPOSAL

(COMMUNITY AREA)

By: TEOH ZHE KHAI

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JUSTIFICATIONThe area of Sungai Ara is a large residential area with a lot of residents but not that many restaurants or coffee shops to accommodate the residents of the area. The few coffee shops or restaurants that are in the area are not enough to comply with the residents’ needs. Most residents need to go out of the area if they are looking for something to eat outside. The area is also lacking a community area where the public can gather and relax and do their activities together. The services and facilities in the area are also insufficient to provide for such a large community. In order to solve these problems, I had come up with a proposal to build a building that houses a community area and a food court. The building will be built beside the main road into the area so that it is easy for people to travel there.

BENEFITSThe site in its current condition is surely an eyesore for anyone who passes by as it is left unattended for many years. It is filled with dirt and overgrown grass and vegetation. Developing the site into something useful will not only make the area look better, it will also decrease the risk of mosquitoes or snakes breeding in the area. Of course, it will also prevent the space from being wasted. Building a food court will make life easier for residents in the area as they no longer have to travel out of the area for food. The residents will also have a larger variety of food to choose from rather than going to the same stores over and over again. The community area will also provide services and facilities for the residents. This will make their daily lives more interesting living in the area. The gym provided in the community area can also help the residents keep to a healthier lifestyle. There is also an event hall for residents to rent for functions or activities.

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IMPACTSEven though the site brings many benefits to the area, it has a few negative impacts as well. Since the site is located next to the main road, developing the site may cause the traffic at the main road to be more congested. There might also be issues concerning illegal parking that might be nuisance to other residents using the roads.

Development and construction of the building might cause the daily lives of the residents to be interrupted. Transportation of materials and equipment to and from the site may also worsen the traffic conditions in the area. Moreover, work on the site might also be a potential danger to anyone who is nearby. Even when all safety procedures are followed and obeyed, unpredictable accidents are still a possibility.

Lastly, sound pollution is also an impact of developing the site. During construction works, the workers are bound to make a lot of noise while drilling, piling, welding etc. This can be a nuisance to the other people in the area, especially since it is a residential area.

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PROPOSALMy proposal is to develop the area into a food court and community area. The building will be two storeys tall. The ground floor will consist of a parking lot, the food court, washroom and an outdoor dining area. The first floor will house a gym, an event hall, an office and lastly a public library.

Ground Floor Bubble Diagram

1ST Floor Bubble Diagram

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SKETCH PLAN OF PROPOSAL

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

1ST FLOOR PLAN

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ELEVATION

Front Elevation

Side Elevation

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FLOW CHART

GROUND FLOOR

1ST FLOOR

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Examples of DesignIdeas and Concepts

Example of outdoor dining area/ Food court

Example of food court (Interior)

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Food stalls

Concept of public library

Example of Library sitting area

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PROFESSIONS INVOLVED AND THEIR TASKSArchitect

Architects work closely with their clients. Before drafting plans, they meet with their clients several times to learn their clients’ objectives, budget and any specific requirements for their project. Architects also work with other related professionals, such as engineers, urban planners, landscape architects, construction representatives and interior designers. Designing, planning and developing are integral tasks in an architect’s daily routine. Architects may be required to provide predesign figures such as an environmental impact or feasibility study, cost analysis and land-use study. Final construction plans are created by architects and used by builders as a step-by-step guide on how the look and details of the building will play out, including plumbing, communication and heating, electrical, ventilation and structural systems. Architects must follow building codes, fire regulations, zoning laws and city ordinances when creating their plans. For public buildings, architects must be aware of disabled access laws. Since these laws change regularly, architects need to stay up-to-date on policy, zoning and regulation changes. Architects must be in on the latest energy-efficient products, building styles and must research the area they are building to ensure their design matches current building structures.

Civil Engineer

The first duty of a civil engineer is to inspect and analyse the proposed construction project. They will not only inspect the plan itself but will go to the site location many times to ensure that the plan fits the location and vice versa. When they have adequately analysed the situation, they will write detailed reports stating what is acceptable and what needs to be changed prior to beginning the project. Once these proposed changes have been made, the civil engineer will review the plans and project site once again to ensure that all changes have been made as required. They will ensure that procedure is being followed and check on safety features of the project during the time it is being completed. A civil engineer must use many different equations, applications and figures to ensure the proper procedure application. A specific duty of a civil

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engineer is to know the pertinent land use laws and regulations and to follow them consistently. One who is a civil engineer is also the key contact person regarding the construction project in many cases. They will answer questions directed towards them by individuals involved with the construction project and the general public as well. While answering questions, they will also be responsible for backing up their statements with reports, graphs, charts and surveys.

Quantity Surveyor

Before the project, the quantity surveyors calculate a budget based on their client's requirements. They prepare detailed estimates to ensure the budget is sufficient for each stage of construction. Their main task is to find out what a construction project will cost, including materials, labour, and services. Quantity surveyors can help with feasibility studies for a project. The quantity surveyor studies the architects’ and engineers’ plans, identifies the costs involved, and then sets an overall estimated budget for the project. The quantity surveyor can then plan costs to help the design team stay within the project budget using practical solutions. The final detailed estimate is prepared by the quantity surveyor, together with a project architect. This is the basis for evaluating tenders. Once the building starts, the quantity surveyor can provide cash flow data so the client can arrange the finances needed for each stage of the project. The quantity surveyor can also assess cost effects when changes to the project occur, such as delays, and agree on ‘variation’ with contractors. Resolving disputes between clients, designers and building contractors is another role in some projects. When construction is over, the quantity surveyor adds up the total cost. The quantity surveyor can prepare a statement of final account, which records the actual costs for all sections of the job.

Building Contractor

The first duty of the building contractor is to implement a plan in which to carry out the construction project. This extends anywhere from hiring

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workers to developing a step-by-step timeline that the project will follow from start to finish. The building contractor is also responsible for obtaining materials for the project. Since construction projects cannot be completed without the necessary building materials, it is up to the contractor to acquire goods to build the structures. This involves various forms of correspondence with necessary material suppliers. Another specific duty of the building contractor is to acquire all necessary licenses and permits from relevant entities so that the building project can begin. The building contractor must also do his/her research regarding relevant regulations and laws akin to the construction process. The building contractor must establish a budget for the construction project and follow that budget as closely as possible. This will allow the building contractor to obtain supplies, hire workers and finish the construction in a cost-efficient manner. Throughout the construction process, the building contractor is also responsible for reviewing the progress and implementing any changes along the way. Lastly, the building contractor is the individual who deals with all emergencies and surprises which relate to the project and occur on-site and sometimes off-site as well.

Electrical EngineerThe main role of electrical engineers in construction projects is to supervise the electricians in handling all the electrical works considering the safety and quality requirements. The electrical engineer in the construction site also reads and studies the electrical plans (usually done by electrical design engineers) and implement it in the site and sometimes do necessary actions whether to correct or to improve the design. They coordinate with other electrical engineers in the implementation of the electrical system design and also with other engineers of different fields, such as civil and mechanical engineers, to make the construction job easier. Electrical engineers also prepare proper protection systems for all electrical installation.

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AUTHORITY PROCEDURES

A developer first has to obtain all planning approvals before any physical work can commence on site and prior to issuance of any advertising permit by the relevant authorities. A developer first has to obtain all planning approvals before any physical work can commence on site and prior to issuance of any advertising permit by the relevant authorities. Under the new guidelines by the OSC, the principal submitting person (PSP) has an option to either submit all four (4) planning applications for simultaneous approval or to submit it by stages. The planning applications are (a) planning permission application (Subsection 21[1], Act 172), (b) building plan application, (c) road and drainage plan application (Section 9, Act 133) and (d) the various 'works' plan (Section 70A, Act 133).

Steps:

Submit necessary documents to OSC (One-Stop-Centre) Secretariat for approval (1 day).

Once checked and approved by OSC , the developer must obtain approval from various parties, namely the Land Office (Conversion and Subdivision application), Local Authority Planning Department (Planning Permission application), Local Authority Building Department (Building Plan application), Local Authority Engineering Department (Road and Drainage Plan application) and other technical departments.

Each of the parties will check the submitted documents with their own system. The time taken for the documents to be approved varies according to the organisations.

After the documents are approved by all the relevant parties, the OSC Secretariat will compile or coordinate a recommendation paper (10 days).

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An OSC Committee Meeting will then take place (1 day), after which an approval document of planning permission will be prepared (7 days).

While the approval document of planning permission is prepared the OSC Secretariat will inform planning permission decision to land office for processing the land development application.

OSC will take 3 days to prepare decision paper for the applicant. Meanwhile, a local authority full council meeting will be held (1 day).

Finally, the applicant will receive the decision paper from OSC and approval from the land office.

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COSTSEstimation of costs

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Than k You

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