II. Urban land use

© 2011 Antoine Delaitre 1

PLVI: Peak Land Value Intersection

Distance-Decay PrincipleBid-Rent Theory

1. Give examples of where the distance-decay principle could also apply2. Estimate the position of the PLVI in the SF Bay3. Give examples of smaller “peaks”, “ridges” and “valleys” in the SF Bay4. Using the bid-rent theory, explain where you would find the CBD, industry and

middle-class residential neighborhoods5. Explain why there is a “density crater” around the city center on the diagram below


Burgess model

To what extent does LA or SF fit this model?


Ullman-Harris Multiple nuclei model

To what extent do most US cities fit the Hoyt model?

To what extent does Los Angeles fit the multi-nuclei model?


COMMON URBAN MODELS

1. Give one example for each model

2. Suggest limitation of these models


Belfast (Northern Ireland, UK): the neighborhoods of Falls vs Shankill

New York City: Greenwich Village vs the Bronx

1. Explain the segregation criteria for the examples shown

2. Suggest other criteria


Family life cycle Quality of life

Explain the phases of the “family life” cycle in a city


White Asian (Chinese)

Asian (Philipino)Mixed (Asian/White)

Latino

African-Am.

African-Am.

1. Identify the criteria for urban segregation on both maps2. Name one homogeneous and one heterogeneous neighborhood in San Francisco3. Explain the process of “positive” segregation (Mission) vs “negative” segregation (Noe Valley)


Crimes reported in Nov 2010

Perceived security/insecurity

1. What can you conclude from comparing the two maps?

2. Name other measures of urban deprivation:• “Physical” indicators• Social indicators• Economic indicators• Political indicators


Slum Dwellers (World, 2005) Slum Dwellers (1990-2007)

Caracas (Venezuela) Dhaka (Bengladesh)


City of the Dead in Cairo (Egypt)Shantytown in Mumbai (India)

Favela da Rocinhain Rio de Janeiro(Brazil)

Identify characteristics of slum:• Tenure• Services• Constructions• Population density• Type of economy• etc


Stage 1: “invasion” Stage 2: “Consolidation”

Stage 3: “Upgrading” Stage 4: “Assimilation”


URBAN SEGREGATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: RIO DE JANEIRO

Beach

Vegetation

Recent slumsPoor migrants

Lack of basic services

Older slumsupgrading process

Some services

Middle/Upper class housing

Luxury housingHigh end amenities

Desirability/age of neighborhood – Wealth of residents


San Francisco Zoning Map (www.sf-planning.org)


San Francisco CBD zoning

18© 2011 Antoine Delaitre

Key

Mostly residential(middle/upper class)Parks

Financial District

Shops, nightlife, boutique hotels

Luxury shops, high-end hotels

Theaters & art galleries

Cultural landmarks / Museums

United Nations

Port of New York

Airports

Train Station

Cruise Terminal

Metro link

Ferry link

Cent

ral P

ark

“Mus

eum

Mile

”

Fifth

Ave

nue

Chel

sea

Pier

s

New

Jers

ey

Huds

on R

iver

East

Rive

r

Broo

klyn

Quee

ns

Harlem

Times Square

Chelsea

GrandCentral

GreenwichVillageSoHo

East Village

Wall Street

Statue of LibertyEllis Island

JFK

La Guardia

Newark

Battery Pk

Uppe

r Wes

t Sid

e

Uppe

r Eas

t Sid

e

URBAN LAND USE:MANHATTAN

19© 2011 Antoine Delaitre

San Francisco

San Jose

Oakland

Berkeley

Marin

San Rafael

Vallejo

Walnut Creek

Dublin

GG Bridge

Bay B

ridge

Silicon ValleyStanford

Pacific Ocean

SF Bay

Mount Tamalpais

Mount Diablo

Crystal Springs Reservoir

Key

Ocean/Bay

Protected areas

Urbanized areas

Universities

CBDs

Hi-Tech district

Airports

Cruise terminal

Commercial harbors

Highways

Bridges

Urban sprawl

“Edge cities”

URBAN LAND USE:SAN FRANCISCO BAY

Fremont

II. Urban land use

Art & Photos

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