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----~-,'==============-=-===="-===~iI" iiiiiiil __ 1 ~ Y.D:K 575.224.46: 582.475.4 © 1995. r. fit- eMjCiSw" /' o>{,- tQ,W rctf B. A. KaJIb'lem:o, B. A. illeB'Iem:o, A. B. Py6aHOBWI, 11. c~ <J}e)J;OToB, ,l);. A. CnHpHH rEHETHqECKH:R 3cI>cI>EKTB nony JUI"IUIX Pinus sylvestris L. H3 BOCTOqHO-YPAJIbCKOrO PA,lJ,liOAKTHBHOrO ClIE)]:A 30HbI KOHTPOlI~ ABAPHH HA QEPH06bIJ1bCKOR A3C Ii PARoHA HCnbITAHHR ~,lJ,EPHbIX YCTPORCTB HA CEMHnAJlATHHCKOM nOJlHrOHE MCTO.lIOM 311eKTJ>04>ope3a 8 nOllHaKpliJlaMIiAHOM relic npoae.llCHa OllCHK3 reHCTH'ICCKI1X $PeKTOB B nonY1l5l11I1SIX Pinus sylvCSlris L. 113 paHOHa KbJUlTbIMCKOH asaplili (BOCTO'IIIO- YpanbCKI1H pa.lll103KTI18HblH cneA) , 113 3OI/bl KOI/Tpoll51 asapl1l1 H3 'IA3C 11 113 paHOHa HCnblTal/liH SI.lICpHblX YCTpOHCT8 H3 CeMHnanantHCKOM nOlllil'OHC (A./ITaH). no 4aCTOTe MYTaLlI1H q,epMCHTHbIX 1I0KYC08 06c.nC.lIOsaHl/bJC pernOH!>1 pacnOllaralOTCSI 8 cnCAYlOlU,l1H y6bIBalOIU,I;IH pSl,!\: HYPC - AlITaH - 'IcpH06blllb. For PinM j.L. -1m rcuifose,nsiH- ViiI! i ~ LP-tcd fJo5f (Lf») -: M G-g. J C1S .5 a flU V(L,f,a .e -tv I JttUl1 eul .' 1•• / I:~.·~;; ~ .. '. flony./lSlu,uu, paaUom~mu(3Hoe 3aZp513HeHUe, u30rjJepMeHmbl, :miJocnepM, leHemu- lieCKUe arjJrjJeKmbl. .D:aHHhlc 06 HCKJU04HTeJIbHOBhlCOKOHpa~H04YBCTBHTeJIbHOCTH XBOHHhlX ~pCBeCHbl.X nopo~ 6h1J1HnOJlYt,lCHhi B HCCJIC~OBaHHSlX,npoBcACHHbl.X B EpYKXCHBCHCKOH JIa60pa- TOpHH [1 ]. nCpBoe npaKTH4CCKoe ~OKa3aTeJIbCTBO3TOro 6blJJOnOJlY4CHO Ha TCPPHTOPHJf BOCT01JHO-YPa.l!.bCKOro pMHoaKTHBHoro CJIe~a (BYPC), Kor~a Ha CJIe~YJOIQHH ro.D. nOCJlcaBapHH Ha npoH3BO.lI.CTBCHHOMom,eAHHcHHH «MaSlK» COCHanOrH6na Ra Y'IaCTKe C IUJOTHOCTbJOpMHoaKTHBHoro 3arp5l3HCHHSl Bblwe 6,7' 1014 EKI KM2 (nOrJlOllJ,CHHbl.e ~03h1 - 30-40 rp) [2 J. nOCJle TOro KaK 6h1JIo yCTaHOBJlCHO, 4TO pa.lI.HO'lYBCTBH: TeJIbHOCTb COCHhi 6J1H3Ka l£..!.,aKoBoH t{eJIOBe~a (LD~D = 20 rp), OHa CTaJIa OCROBHO» npHpo~HOH TCCT-CHCTeMOHB pa~H03KOJIOrn'lCCKHX HccnC.lI.OBaHHSlX (3-6]. KaK om,eKT MSI reHCTH4eCKHX HCCJIC~OBaHHHCOCHanpH06peJIa oco6oe 3Ha'leHHe, Koma 6h1JIH onHcaHhI reHCTH'IeCKH KOHTpomfpyeMhle pa3Hoo6pa3Hble H3cxPepMeHTHbl.e CHCTCMhI, BhlSlBJl5IeMhle 3J1eKTpocpopCTH4ecKH [7 J. C nOSlBJIeHHeM3J1eKTpoQ>opCTH4CCKHXMCTOAOBaHaJIH3a 6eJIKOB npC.lI.npHHHMartOCb 6oJlbwOC 4HCJIO nonblTO~ npHMeHHTb HX JVISiTCCTHpoBaHHSIH3 MYTareHHOCTb (8-10 npH Ol(CHKC BJlHSlHHR H3MeHeHHii, npoHcme.lI.WHX B cpe~c 06HTaHHSI nonYJISll(HH, H3 TeMnhl MYTHpoBaHHSI H om,eM MYTal(HOHHOro rpY3a Y P. sylvestris L. Y 3Kcne- pHMeHTaTopa HMCCTCSI .lI.OCTaTO'lHOC 'IHCJIO nOTOMKOBOT O.lI.HOroMaTcpHHcKoro AcpeB3, H aHaJIH3Y nOABcpraCTCSI rar1JIO~Hbl.H ::)H~OCnepM- npo~YKT MHTOTHt,lCCKOroL\CJlCH»SI O.lI.HOHMeracnophl [11). B HaCTOSlIQeHpa60Te H3Y4aJIH reH(~TH4eCKHe 3$PeKTbI. B nonYJlSll(HSlX P. sylvestris L. H3 pa3HblX paHoHoB 3KOJIOrn4eCKHX 6e~CTBHH, CBSl3aHHhlX C pa1J.HOaKTHlIlJblM 3arpSl3HCHHCM TeppHTopHH BYPCa, 30HhI KOHTpoJlSl aBapHH H3 QcpH06b1J1bCKOHA3C H paHoHoB AnTaHcKoro KpaSl, nOCTpa1J.aBmHX OT smepHblx B3phlBOB H3 CCMJmaJIa- THHCKOM nOJIHroHC. MATEPJ1AJIbl J1 METO,lU.fKA B pa60Te HCCJIe~OBaJIH CCMeHa .lI.epeBbCB P. sylvestris L., npoH3pacTalOllJ,HJ( 30 JICT H3 BYPCe, ceMeHa 1-2-H penpoAYKl(HH ~epeBbeB H3 30HhI KOHTpoJISI aBapHII Ha QA3C, a TaK)Ke ceMeHa ~cpCBbeB aJITaHCKHX JICHTO'lHhlX 6opoB, nO.lI.lIcprmHXC5t PMHal(HOHHOMY B03L\eHCTBHJOB roL\hI HcnblT3HHH ll.AepHbl.X YCTpoHCTB Ha CeMHna- JIaTHHCKOM nOJIHroHe <1949-1989 IT.). 06beKTOM 3HaJlH3a CJIY)KHJIH JIOKYCbI, KO~HPYJOllJ,HC CHHTC3 H3cxpepMeHToII II 3~ocnepMax. 702

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