Ii 05. wp8 dti lodz.poland june 2014
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The role of online networks in social innovation
Gwendolyn CarpenterDanish Technological Institute
10/04/2023 TEPSIE is a research project under EU’s 7th framework programme
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On the agenda today:
1. ICT as an enabler of SI – examples
2. Research framework for analysing the impact of ICT
3. The 4 relevant perspectives
4. Ongoing work - emerging findings
10/04/2023 TEPSIE is a research project under EU’s 7th framework programme
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ICT as an enabler of SI – letting examples speak
10/04/2023 TEPSIE is a research project under EU’s 7th framework programme
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MicroGiving: Be my eyes
Empowernment – anti-corruption
10/04/2023 TEPSIE is a research project under EU’s 7th framework programme
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Research framework for analysing the impact of ICT in Social Innovation
10/04/2023 TEPSIE is a research project under EU’s 7th framework programme
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Research Context :Technology and societal needs
Applied Research Framework (D8.1)
7) Outputs, outcomes,
impacts
2) ICT & non-ICT tool mix
1) Online (ICT)
networking, media &
collaboration tools
8) Social innovation (SI) meeting social
need, developing
social relation-ships, and achieving
effective social impact
9a) ICT enabling SI
9b) SI enabling new ICT
3) Actors: types & roles
5) Use
4) Actor relationships
6) How used: methods, techniques, practices
10/04/2023 TEPSIE is a research project under EU’s 7th framework programme
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Approaching ICTs from 4 perspectives
10/04/2023 TEPSIE is a research project under EU’s 7th framework programme
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1) Technology perspective – taxonomy of online networks enabling social innovation
10/04/2023 TEPSIE is a research project under EU’s 7th framework programme
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6 platform typesContent creation
Issue identification
Matching assets to needs
Matching finance to needs
Solving problems
Action on problems
Platform continuum
10/04/2023 TEPSIE is a research project under EU’s 7th framework programme
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Problems & needsDemocracy and
governance Sustainability Economic improvement
Health, wellbeing and care
Behaviour, lifestyles, community and culture
Basic utilities and
infrastructuresPrivacy, safety and
security Building localities
Information and content
Peer to Patent; Global voices; WikipediaPoderopedia; MamzdanieDebategraph
Debategraph Peer to Patent; Demotix
Ygeianet Global voices; Wikipedia; Demotix
DataUshahidi; Crowdmap;Wikileaks
Safecast; Crowdmap; amee; Mobosens
Safecast; Crowdmap; Mobosen
Safecast; Crowdmap; Mobosens
Safecast; Ushahidi; Crowdmap; Wikileaks; Mobosens
Safecast; Crowdmap; FixMyStreet; Mobosens
Resources, excess
capacity
Tutorpool AirBNB; TaskRabbit;NeighborgodsLandshareGetaroundSpinlister
AirBNB; TaskRabbit; getaround; time exchange; Spinlister
AirBNB; Neighborgoods; Landshare; Tutorpool; Time exchange; Spinlister
AirBNB; Landshare; Tutorpool;Boroume; Xariseto
Finance
Citizinvestor; Razoo;Crowdrise
Kiva; MyC4 Kickstarter; KivaMyC4; Citizinvestor; Razoo; Crowdrise; Communitae
Groopio Citizinvestor; Groopio
Kiva; MyC4; Citizinvestor
Skills, competen-cies, ideas
Challenge OpenIDEO Challenge; Innocentive; Kaggle; OpenIDEO; Fold It; Idea; Connection; Idea Bounty
Fold It Kaggle OpenIDEO
Time, enterprise, initiative
Avaaz; Change.org; Brickstarter
Avaaz; Brickstarter
Brickstarter
Action for Happiness; Patients like me; Cure Together; Cancer commons
Avaaz; Change.org; Action for Happiness; Brickstarter; Patients like me; Cure Together; Cancer commons
Brickstarter AvaazChange.org
BrickstarterAsse
ts &
tool
s
10/04/2023 TEPSIE is a research project under EU’s 7th framework programme
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2) Community perspective – communities, knowledge and innovation: some lessons from corporates
Communities of Practice (1) Innovation depends critically on the
application of knowledge – sometimes new knowledge, but often also old knowledge applied to new challenges or opportunities
Corporate experience is that this almost always requires well-functioning communities of practice (CoP), defined as the social organization of a group of people jointly pursuing a shared practice, often in the workplace but in principle in any context.
A CoP is characterised by high personal interactivity between different skill sets and specialisations in which doing and showing their knowledge is just as important as preparing manuals or databases
For example in an architectural firm consisting of designers, draftsmen, materials specialists, environmental and energy experts, legal and planning advisors, etc., who interact to complete tasks. The power of the CoP is that different experts cooperate on a day-to-day basis thus building up shared knowledge.
Communities of Practice (2) CoPs are traditionally small scale and
characterised by a great deal of tacit knowledge, so the challenge is to exploit their power over distance and by using ICT which will inevitably make their knowledge at least partially codified.
What has been achieved in the quest by elite companies to achieve superior performance in innovation during recent years – from which we believe that social innovation has much to learn – is the ability to optimize the performance of the overall organization in terms of knowledge transformations, including understanding the overall flow from very local and very tacit to global and codified, and of course not least optimizing the use of ICT.
For example ICT and online media: optimize and leverage all routine
community functions become medium for embedding new
knowledge and practices make the online integration of parallel
communities in different places possible, enabling distributed, virtual communities
provide shared tool-boxes
10/04/2023 TEPSIE is a research project under EU’s 7th framework programme
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3) Network perspective –networks and the network effect
Three main types of network
Random networks Unstructured, highly open to chance events, e.g. getting flu virus No or very few hubs Once innovation established, often by chance, can spread virally and
very fast, like fashion, through ‘undirected copying’ Often short lived.
Scale-free networks Most people have small number of links to other people Significant number of hubs with large number of links and high
influence If one or more hubs takes up an innovation, it’s likely links will do so
as well through ‘directed’ copying Relatively stable in medium term
Small-world networks All people have small numbers of links to other people No or few hubs; most people connected to each other: inward-
looking group with few external links Resistant to outside change But if reach critical number of adopters, change is rapid, widespread
and stable over longer-term through ‘directed’ copying
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Non-networked world
normal (Gaussian) distribution non-skewed, no network effect non-social behaviour outcomes are independent of each
other, i.e. not influenced by other outcomes
outcomes do not interact
Networked world
power law (non-Gaussian) distribution skewed, network effect with ‘long-tail’ of
outcomes results from human and social behaviour most outcomes are influenced by other
outcomes (through information, copying, etc.) outcomes interact with each other
outcomes
freq
uenc
y
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Networked world with ICT: copying and innovation
10/04/2023 TEPSIE is a research project under EU’s 7th framework programme
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4) Critical perspectives on ICT relevant for social innovation
10/04/2023 TEPSIE is a research project under EU’s 7th framework programme
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Critical perspectives Access and the ‘digital divide’
Who makes the technology and for whom?
Identity, fragmentation and control
Privacy and big data
Challenges of online activism unaccountability and ‘street politics’ self selecting elites and the ‘digital mob’ trivialisation, short termism and nimbyism coarsening the debate apathy and lack of understanding of the
participatory and political process can there be too much (online)
participation?
10/04/2023 TEPSIE is a research project under EU’s 7th framework programme
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Collecting Evidence from the ground Thematic casestudy report (to be published Sept 2014)
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Shifting towards impact analysis – introducing the thematic approach to casestudies
OECD Better Life Index European Public Sector Innovation Scoreboard
Income Economic Affairs Jobs Work-life balance
(also covered by economic affairs)
Health Health Education Education Community Housing Civic engagement Life satisfaction Safety
Housing and community amenities
Recreation, culture and religion
Social protection Public order and safety General public services
Environment Environmental protection
Defence
TEPSIE is a research project under EU’s 7th framework programme
Domain themes Cross-cutting themes Health Education Employment/Job
Creation
Place-making Sharing Economy Resource
Efficiency from an environmental perspective (CO2)
10/04/2023 TEPSIE is a research project under EU’s 7th framework programme
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What we are currently doingTheme Focus AreaHealth Preventive & Self Help
Personalized & smart patient environment Supporting smart infrastructure for
integrated health & social care
Education Widening access to education Personalized education & New Learning
environments & knowledge commons A multi-partner approach to education
Employment / Job creation
Preparing for work Matchmaking Creating and doing work
Place-making
Smart places Local community development Civic engagement
Sharing Economy
Innovating the exchange of time and talent Activating the value of dormant assets Making Unachievable Assets viable
Resource Efficiency from an environmental perspective (CO2)
Climate Change and the reduction of carbon emissions
Resource depletion and waste Sharing cities
Ongoing work:
• Yin’s ‘multiple case study design’ approach
• 2 empirical casestudies per focus area = 36 case studies
10/04/2023 TEPSIE is a research project under EU’s 7th framework programme
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A model of systemic innovation (used by the OECD in relation to education)
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Emerging findings
10/04/2023 TEPSIE is a research project under EU’s 7th framework programme
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For more information please contact:Gwendolyn CarpenterSenior Research ManagerMobil +45 72 20 18 69