IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file ·...

29
1 ### Multilingual IHSTAT+ IMPORTANT : Enable macros when opening This file was originaly created by John Mulhausen and then modified in its multilingual version by Daniel Drolet et al. The material embodied on this software is provided "as-is" and without warranty of any expressed, implied or otherwise, including without limitation any warranty of merchanta or fitness for a particular purpose. In no event shall John R. Mulhausen, Ph.D., CIH, or the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or conseque damages of any kind, or any damages whatsoever, including without limitation loss of profit, loss of use, sa revenue, or the claims of third parties, whether or not John Mulhausen or the AIHA has advised of the possibility of such loss, however caused, and on any theory of liability, arising out of or in connection with th possession, use, or performance of this software. English Español Français D Language Italiano Chinese Portuguese

Transcript of IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file ·...

Page 1: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file · Web view2013-04-01 · Title: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Book Author: 3M Last modified

1

###

Multilingual IHSTAT+

IMPORTANT : Enable macros when opening this file.

This file was originaly created by John Mulhausen and then modified in its multilingual version by Daniel Drolet et al.

The material embodied on this software is provided "as-is" and without warranty of any kind, expressed, implied or otherwise, including without limitation any warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.

In no event shall John R. Mulhausen, Ph.D., CIH, or the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any kind,

or any damages whatsoever, including without limitation loss of profit, loss of use, savings or revenue, or the claims of third parties, whether or not John Mulhausen or the AIHA has been advised of the possibility of such loss,

however caused, and on any theory of liability, arising out of or in connection with the possession, use, or performance of this software.

English Español Français DeutschLanguage

Italiano Chinese Portuguese

Page 2: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file · Web view2013-04-01 · Title: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Book Author: 3M Last modified

IMPORTANT : Enable macros when opening this file.

The material embodied on this software is provided "as-is" and without warranty of any kind, expressed, implied or otherwise, including without limitation any warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.

In no event shall John R. Mulhausen, Ph.D., CIH, or the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any kind,

or any damages whatsoever, including without limitation loss of profit, loss of use, savings or revenue, or the claims of third parties, whether or not John Mulhausen or the AIHA has been advised of the possibility of such loss,

however caused, and on any theory of liability, arising out of or in connection with the possession, use, or performance of this software.

DeutschLanguage

Page 3: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file · Web view2013-04-01 · Title: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Book Author: 3M Last modified

Conception: John R. Mulhausen, Ph.D., CIHmodified by Daniel Drolet, IRSST document.xls - Ihstats 05/09/2023 - 03:12:46

####VALUE!

5

#VALUE!

0.42 #VALUE!0.84 #VALUE! #VALUE!0.98 #VALUE! #VALUE!1.16 #VALUE! #VALUE!1.36 #VALUE! #VALUE!2.66 #VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE!#VALUE! #VALUE!#VALUE! #VALUE!#VALUE! #VALUE!#VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE!#VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE!#VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE!#VALUE! #VALUE!#VALUE! #VALUE!#VALUE! #VALUE!#VALUE! #VALUE!#VALUE! #VALUE!#VALUE! #VALUE!#VALUE! #VALUE!#VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE!#VALUE! #VALUE!#VALUE! #VALUE!#VALUE! #VALUE!#VALUE! #VALUE!#VALUE! #VALUE!#VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE!

1 10 100 1000

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13Conc.

Logprobability Plot and Least-Squares Best-Fit Line

0.000 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000 120.0000

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

Conc.

Idealized Lognormal Distribution0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

Sequential Data Plot

n

Con

centratio

n

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

1

2

3

4

Conc.

Linear Probability Plot and Least-Squares Best-Fit Line

Correct x axis

B3
Occupational Exposure Limit.
B4
Reference value ( may be a TLV® , PEL, REL …)
B6
max n = 200
E11
The difference between the largest and the smallest values in a measurement data set.
E12
The arithmetic average of the set of data.
E13
The exposure measurement that divides the set of measurements into two equal parts, whith half less half greater than this value.
E14
The positive square root of the variance of a distribution; the parameter measuring spread of values about the mean.
E15
The exponential of the arithmetic mean of the natural logarithms of the data The geometric mean is the theoretical median of lognormaly distributed data.
E16
The exponential of the standard deviation of the natural logarithms of the data. Relation between GSD and Action Level : to ensure a high probability (95%) that no more than 5% of unmeasured exposures exceed the OEL, the Action Level, must be lowered as the GSD increases, as follows: day-to-day variability, GSD ≤ 1.3, OEL = 0.5 TLV; GSD = 1.5, OEL = 0.25 TLV; GSD = 2.0, OEL = 0.1 TLV; GSD ≥ 3.0, Process out of control or group poorly defined. (Leidel, 1976)
E19
Goodness-of-fit-test; a formal statistical test that evaluates whether sample data are consistent with a statistical distribution
E20
The Shapiro and Wilk test (known usually as the W test)
E21
Indicate if that the exposure profile can reasonably be approximated by a log normal distribution
E23
The Shapiro and Wilk test (known usually as the W test)
E24
Indicate if the exposure profile can or cannot be approximated by a normal distribution.
E25
If the exposure profile indicates that the monitoring data might not come from a lognormal or normal distribution, consider using non parametric statistic.
E27
est. MA = arithmetic mean of a lognormal distribution estimated by the Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimate (MVUE), usually more accurate than the simple arithmetic mean of the data. The arithmetic mean is the appropriate parameter forevaluating long term risk.
E28
LCL1, 95%; Lower confidence limit on the estimated arithmetic mean - Land's exact; Land's exact method provides the most accurate confidence interval for the estimate of the arithmetic mean. The combination of LCL95% and UCL95% forms a 90% confidence interval around the AM estimate.
E29
If the arithmetic mean's one sided 95% upper confidence limit(UCL,1,95%) is below the OEL, one would be at least 95% sure that the exposure profile's arithmetic mean is below the OEL.
E30
The 95th percentile point estimate. The 95th percentile, to which 95% of the distribution is inferior , provides a "picture" of the exposure profile's upper tail and is especially important when evaluating the health hazard of agents with acute health effects (such as hydrogen cyanide) or when evaluating the risk of non compliance to an OEL. In the case of an acute agent, the average exposure is not as important as understanding how high the exposure may get because those few high exposures might pose a more important risk to health than average exposures at lower levels. However, there is uncertainty associated with the percentile estimate - that uncertainty can be evaluated by calculating an upper tolerance limit.
E31
The upper limit of a tolerance interval. This parameter can be viewed as an upper confidence limit on the 95th percentile. Thus, we are 95% confident that at least 95% of the distribution are inferior to the UTL1,95%,95% estimate
E32
Exceedance Fraction; it is the proportion of the exposure profile that exceeds the OEL. Occupational exposure guideline are established so that with highest certainty permitted by available data most workers will not suffer health effects if exposed at the guideline level, day after day for a working lifetime. Implicit in that description is the possibility that a small fraction may indeed experience health effects at or below the guideline level. This one reason why all exposures should be kept as far below guidelines level as reasonably achievable. Because of the inherent variability of workplace concentrations, guaranteeing that all exposures are below a guideline is impossible. Demonstrating statistically that no more than a given percentage are greater than a standard however is possible. This notion is the basis for a exceedance fraction test. The uncertainty in the exceedance fraction point estimate is delimited by calculating a confidence interval.
E34
95% upper confidence limit on the exceedance fraction. We have an estimate of the exceedance fraction (see above), but this estimate is uncertain, and we are 95% sure that the real exceedance fraction is smaller than the UCL95%. The combination of LCL95% and UCL95% forms a 90% confidence interval around the exceedance fraction estimate.
E37
The arithmetic mean of the exposure profile based on normal parametric statistic. However ,except in the case of noise measurements expressed in dB, occupational exposure profiles are generally not normally distributed but rather lognormally distributed.
E38
The artihmetic mean one sided 95% lower confidence limit
E39
The arithmetic mean one sided 95% upper confidence limit. The combination of LCL1,95% and UCL1,95% forms a 90% confidence interval around the AM estimate
E40
Estimate of the 95th percentile of the exposure profile. See definition in the lognormal parameters section.
E41
95% upper tolerance limit on the estimate of the 95th percentile See definition in the lognormal parameters section
E42
Exceedance Fraction; it is the proportion of the exposure profile that exceeds the OEL. See definition in the lognormal parameters section
E44
Exposure Profile: Magnitude and variability of exposures for a Similar Exposure Group (SEG). This include some understanding of of the Central Tendency of the exposures (such as the mean exposure) and some understanding of the breadth, or variability, of the exposures (such as the range of exposures). The exposure profile can be represented by a statistical distribution, usually the lognormal distribution in the case of occupational exposure
Page 4: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file · Web view2013-04-01 · Title: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Book Author: 3M Last modified

Conception: John R. Mulhausen, Ph.D., CIHmodified by Daniel Drolet, IRSST document.xls - Ihstats 05/09/2023 - 03:12:46

#VALUE!

#VALUE!

#VALUE!

0.000 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000 120.0000

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

Conc.

Idealized Lognormal Distribution0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

Sequential Data Plot

n

Con

centratio

n

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

1

2

3

4

Conc.

Linear Probability Plot and Least-Squares Best-Fit Line

Page 5: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file · Web view2013-04-01 · Title: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Book Author: 3M Last modified

#VALUE!#VALUE!

0.15

#VALUE!

0.06 #VALUE!0.1 #VALUE! 15

0.05 #VALUE! 0.20.1 #VALUE! 0.01

0.01 #VALUE! 0.190.09 #VALUE! 0.0710.04 #VALUE! 0.0700.2 #VALUE! 0.045

0.04 #VALUE! 0.0580.08 #VALUE! 2.0290.08 #VALUE! 6.7%0.030.09 #VALUE!0.03 #VALUE! 0.932 C0.07 #VALUE! Yes

#VALUE! 0.869 D#VALUE! No

#VALUE!#VALUE! 0.074#VALUE! 0.055#VALUE! 0.116#VALUE! 0.187

#VALUE! 0.359#VALUE! 9.1%#VALUE! 2.825#VALUE! 23.359

#VALUE!#VALUE! 0.071#VALUE! 0.051#VALUE! 0.092#VALUE! 0.146#VALUE! 0.19#VALUE! 4.13

#VALUE!

Example

0.000 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000 120.0000

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

Conc.

Idealized Lognormal Distribution

The Occupational Exposure Limit, an upper limit chosen to provide adequate protection of workers' health and safety; normally the TLV (PEL or VLE) is used for this limit.

With a GSD value of 2.1, the action level should be set at 0,1 times 0,15 µg/m³ equal to 0,015 µg/m³ (Leidel, 1976)

est. AM = arithmetic mean (0,074) of a lognormal distribution calculated by the Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimate (MVUE). The arithmetic mean is the correct parameter for evaluating cumulative exposure.

The arithmetic mean's one sided 95% upper confidence limit (UCL,1,95%) is calculated (0,116) and found to be below the OEL, one would be at least 95% sure that the exposure profile's AM was below the OEL.

The 95th percentile (0,187) point estimate forming a "picture" of the exposure profile's upper tail is important when evaluating the health hazards of agents with acute health effects or when evaluating noncompliance associated with exceeding an OEL.

For acute agents, the average exposure is not as important as understanding how high the exposure may get because those few high exposures might pose a more important risk to health than average exposures at lower levels.

However, there is uncertainty associated with the percentile estimate - to that uncertainty, we can calculate an UTL.

A tolerance limit enables one to quantify confidence in a percentile estimate. We can be confident that 95 % of the exposures in the exposure distribution are less than 0.359 µg/m³.

This is greater than our OEL of 0.15 µg/m³. Therefore we are not 95% certain that the exposure is less than the OEL 95% of the time. (See also Exceedance Fraction)

Exceedance Fraction is the proportion of an exposure profile that exceeds a criterion such as an OEL. The uncertainty in the exceedance fraction point estimate is delimited by calculating a confidence interval.

In the present case our most likley estimate is that 9.1% of the exposures in the exposure profile will exceed the OEL; however, there is some error associated with that estimate.

To quantify the confidence in the exceedance fraction estimate, we can calculate confidence limits (2.83%; 23.4%)

B3
Occupational Exposure Limit.
B4
Reference value ( may be a TLV® , PEL, REL …)
B6
max n = 200
E11
The difference between the largest and the smallest values in a measurement data set.
E12
The arithmetic average of the set of data.
E13
The exposure measurement that divides the set of measurements into two equal parts, whith half less half greater than this value.
E14
The positive square root of the variance of a distribution; the parameter measuring spread of values about the mean.
E15
The exponential of the arithmetic mean of the natural logarithms of the data The geometric mean is the theoretical median of lognormaly distributed data.
E16
The exponential of the standard deviation of the natural logarithms of the data. Relation between GSD and Action Level : to ensure a high probability (95%) that no more than 5% of unmeasured exposures exceed the OEL, the Action Level, must be lowered as the GSD increases, as follows: day-to-day variability, GSD ≤ 1.3, OEL = 0.5 TLV; GSD = 1.5, OEL = 0.25 TLV; GSD = 2.0, OEL = 0.1 TLV; GSD ≥ 3.0, Process out of control or group poorly defined. (Leidel, 1976)
E19
Goodness-of-fit-test; a formal statistical test that evaluates whether sample data are consistent with a statistical distribution
E20
The Shapiro and Wilk test (known usually as the W test)
E21
Indicate if that the exposure profile can reasonably be approximated by a log normal distribution
E23
The Shapiro and Wilk test (known usually as the W test)
E24
Indicate if the exposure profile can or cannot be approximated by a normal distribution.
E25
If the exposure profile indicates that the monitoring data might not come from a lognormal or normal distribution, consider using non parametric statistic.
E27
est. MA = arithmetic mean of a lognormal distribution estimated by the Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimate (MVUE), usually more accurate than the simple arithmetic mean of the data. The arithmetic mean is the appropriate parameter forevaluating long term risk.
E28
LCL1, 95%; Lower confidence limit on the estimated arithmetic mean - Land's exact; Land's exact method provides the most accurate confidence interval for the estimate of the arithmetic mean. The combination of LCL95% and UCL95% forms a 90% confidence interval around the AM estimate.
E29
If the arithmetic mean's one sided 95% upper confidence limit(UCL,1,95%) is below the OEL, one would be at least 95% sure that the exposure profile's arithmetic mean is below the OEL.
E30
The 95th percentile point estimate. The 95th percentile, to which 95% of the distribution is inferior , provides a "picture" of the exposure profile's upper tail and is especially important when evaluating the health hazard of agents with acute health effects (such as hydrogen cyanide) or when evaluating the risk of non compliance to an OEL. In the case of an acute agent, the average exposure is not as important as understanding how high the exposure may get because those few high exposures might pose a more important risk to health than average exposures at lower levels. However, there is uncertainty associated with the percentile estimate - that uncertainty can be evaluated by calculating an upper tolerance limit.
E31
The upper limit of a tolerance interval. This parameter can be viewed as an upper confidence limit on the 95th percentile. Thus, we are 95% confident that at least 95% of the distribution are inferior to the UTL1,95%,95% estimate
G31
The 95th percentile point estimate Forming a "picture" of the exposure profile's upper tail is especially important when evaluating the health hazards of agents with acute health effects (such as hydrogen cyanide) or when evaluating the riks of noncompliance associated with exceeding an OEL. In the case of an acute agent, the average exposure is not as important as understanding how high the exposure may get because those few high exposures might pose a more important risk to health than average exposures at lower levels. Interpretation: the most likely estimate of the 95th percentile concentration is 0.187. We would expect 95% of all exposures in the exposure profile to be less than 0.187 µg/m³. This is below the OEL 0.2 µg/m³ ; however, there is uncertainty associated with the percentile estimate - to that uncertainty, we can calculate an upper tolerance limit.
E32
Exceedance Fraction; it is the proportion of the exposure profile that exceeds the OEL. Occupational exposure guideline are established so that with highest certainty permitted by available data most workers will not suffer health effects if exposed at the guideline level, day after day for a working lifetime. Implicit in that description is the possibility that a small fraction may indeed experience health effects at or below the guideline level. This one reason why all exposures should be kept as far below guidelines level as reasonably achievable. Because of the inherent variability of workplace concentrations, guaranteeing that all exposures are below a guideline is impossible. Demonstrating statistically that no more than a given percentage are greater than a standard however is possible. This notion is the basis for a exceedance fraction test. The uncertainty in the exceedance fraction point estimate is delimited by calculating a confidence interval.
G32
The upper or lower limits of a tolerance interval. A tolerance limit enables one to quantify confdience in a percentile estimate. We can be confident that 95 % of the exposures in the exposure distribution are less than 0.359 microgram per cubic meter. This is greater than our OEL of 0.2 microgram per cubic meter. Therefore we are not 95% certain that the exposure is less than the OEL 95% of the time.
G33
Also called Exceedance Fraction; it is the proportion of an exposure profile that exceeds a criterion such as an OEL (Occupational Exposure Limit). The uncertainty in th exceedance fraction point estimate is characterized by calculating a confidence interval. Interpretation: Our most likley estimate is that 4.1% of the exposures in the exposure profile will exceed the OEL; however, there is some error associated with that estimate - to quantify the confidence in the exceedance fraction estimate, we can calculate cofidence limits
E34
95% upper confidence limit on the exceedance fraction. We have an estimate of the exceedance fraction (see above), but this estimate is uncertain, and we are 95% sure that the real exceedance fraction is smaller than the UCL95%. The combination of LCL95% and UCL95% forms a 90% confidence interval around the exceedance fraction estimate.
G35
Interpretation: we are 95% certain that the exposures may exceed the 0.2 microgram per cubic meter OEL 15 % of the time or less.
E37
The arithmetic mean of the exposure profile based on normal parametric statistic. However ,except in the case of noise measurements expressed in dB, occupational exposure profiles are generally not normally distributed but rather lognormally distributed.
E38
The artihmetic mean one sided 95% lower confidence limit
G38
The artihmetic mean of the exposure profile base on normal parametric statistic. However one recall that the exposure profile is not normally distributed but rather lognormally distributed.
E39
The arithmetic mean one sided 95% upper confidence limit. The combination of LCL1,95% and UCL1,95% forms a 90% confidence interval around the AM estimate
G39
The artihmetic mean one sided lower confidence limit LCL1,95%
E40
Estimate of the 95th percentile of the exposure profile. See definition in the lognormal parameters section.
G40
The arithmetic mean one sided upper confidence limit.
E41
95% upper tolerance limit on the estimate of the 95th percentile See definition in the lognormal parameters section
E42
Exceedance Fraction; it is the proportion of the exposure profile that exceeds the OEL. See definition in the lognormal parameters section
E44
Exposure Profile: Magnitude and variability of exposures for a Similar Exposure Group (SEG). This include some understanding of of the Central Tendency of the exposures (such as the mean exposure) and some understanding of the breadth, or variability, of the exposures (such as the range of exposures). The exposure profile can be represented by a statistical distribution, usually the lognormal distribution in the case of occupational exposure
Page 6: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file · Web view2013-04-01 · Title: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Book Author: 3M Last modified

The 95th percentile (0,187) point estimate forming a "picture" of the exposure profile's upper tail is important when evaluating the health hazards of agents with acute health effects or when evaluating noncompliance associated with exceeding an OEL.

For acute agents, the average exposure is not as important as understanding how high the exposure may get because those few high exposures might pose a more important risk to health than average exposures at lower levels.

However, there is uncertainty associated with the percentile estimate - to that uncertainty, we can calculate an UTL.

A tolerance limit enables one to quantify confidence in a percentile estimate. We can be confident that 95 % of the exposures in the exposure distribution are less than 0.359 µg/m³.

This is greater than our OEL of 0.15 µg/m³. Therefore we are not 95% certain that the exposure is less than the OEL 95% of the time. (See also Exceedance Fraction)

Page 7: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file · Web view2013-04-01 · Title: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Book Author: 3M Last modified

#VALUE!

# Type English Español1 INTRO Multilingual IHSTAT+ HIStat+ Multilíngüe

2 INTRO IMPORTANT : Enable macros when opening this file. IMPORTANTE: Habilite los macros cuando abra este archivo.

3 INTRO

3.1 INTRO

3.2 INTRO

3.3 INTRO

3.4 INTRO IHSTAT+ : v. 1.01, Dec 2007 HIStat+ : v. 1.01, Dic 20074 Titre Industrial Hygiene Statistics Estadísticas de Higiene Ocupacional5 Titre Occupational Exposure Limit Valor Límite de Exposición Ocupacional (OEL)6 Titre Sample data Datos7 Titre OEL LEO o OEL8 Titre Descriptive statistics Estadística descriptiva9 Titre Number of samples (n) Número de muestras (n)

10 Titre Maximum (max) Máximo (máx.)11 Titre Minimum (min) Mínimo (min.)12 Titre Range Rango13 Titre Percent above OEL Porcentaje por encima del LEO14 Titre Mean Media

Translation of IHSTAT+

The material embodied on this software is provided "as-is" and without warranty of any kind, expressed, implied or otherwise, including without limitation any warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.

El material incorporado en este software se provee "tal-cual", sin garantía de ninguna clase, expresa, implícita u otra, incluyendo sin limitación cualquier garantía para mercadeo o propiedad para un propósito particular.

In no event shall John R. Mulhausen, Ph.D., CIH, or the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any kind,

En ningún evento, John R. Mulhausen, Ph.D., CIH, o la Asociación Americana de Higiene Industrial (American Industrial Hygiene Association AIHA) son responsables de cualquier daño causado en forma directa, indirecta, especial, fortuito,

or any damages whatsoever, including without limitation loss of profit, loss of use, savings or revenue, or the claims of third parties, whether or not John Mulhausen or the AIHA has been advised of the possibility of such loss,

inmateriales de cualquier clase, o cualquier tipo de daño, incluyendo y sin limitación las pérdidas de ganancia, pérdida de aplicaciones, ahorros o rentas, o los reclamos de terceros, bien sea que John Mulhausen o la AIHA

however caused, and on any theory of liability, arising out of or in connection with the possession, use, or performance of this software.

hayan o no advertido sobre la posibilidad de tales pérdidas de alguna manera causadas, y bajo alguna teoría de responsabilidad que surja o en conexión con la posesión, uso, o ejecución de éste software.

D3
John Mulhausen and André Dufresne
E3
Julietta Rodriguez
E11
* also called: Higiene Industrial o del Trabajo
Page 8: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file · Web view2013-04-01 · Title: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Book Author: 3M Last modified

#VALUE!

# Type English Español

Translation of IHSTAT+

15 Titre Median Mediana16 Titre Standard deviation (s) Desviación Estándar (s)17 Titre Mean of logtransformed data (LN) Media de datos log-transformados (LN)

18 Titre Standard deviation of log-transformed data (LN) Desviación Estándar de datos log-transformados (LN)19 Titre Geometric mean Media geométrica20 Titre Geometric standard deviation Desviación estándar geométrica DEG21 Titre Test for distribution fit Prueba de ajuste de una distribución 22 Titre W-test of log-transformed data Prueba W de datos log-transformados23 Titre Lognormal (α = 0.05) ? Log-Normal (α = 0.05)?24 Titre W-test of data Prueba o Test-W de datos 25 Titre Normal (α = 0.05) ? Normal (α = 0.05) ?26 Titre Lognormal parametric statistics Estadísticas paramétricas para distribuciones Log-normales27 Titre Estimated Arithmetic Mean - AM est. Media aritmética estimada (MA est.)28 Titre LCL1,95% - Land's "Exact" LCI1, 95% - Land's "Exacto"29 Titre UCL1,95% - Land's "Exact" LCS1, 95% - Land's "Exacto"30 Titre Percentil 9531 Titre UTL95%,95% LTS 95%, 95%32 Titre Percent above OEL Fracción excedente del LEO33 Titre LCL1,95% %>OEL LCI1, 95%, %>OEL34 Titre UCL1,95% %>OEL LCS1, 95%, %>OEL35 Titre Normal parametric statistics Estadísticas paramétricas para distribuciones normales36 Titre Mean Media37 Titre LCL1,95% - t statistics LCI1, 95% - estadística-t 38 Titre UCL1,95% - t statistics LCS1, 95% - estadística-t39 Titre 95th Percentile - Z Percentil 95 - Z40 Titre UTL95%,95% LTS 95%, 95%

40.1 Graph UTL LTS41 Titre Percent above OEL Porcentaje mayor que LEO42 Graph Sequential Data Plot Gráfico secuencial de datos43 Graph Logprobability Plot and Least-Squares Best-Fit Line Gráfico de Log-probabilidades y regresión lineal

95th Percentile

D3
John Mulhausen and André Dufresne
E3
Julietta Rodriguez
Page 9: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file · Web view2013-04-01 · Title: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Book Author: 3M Last modified

#VALUE!

# Type English Español

Translation of IHSTAT+

44 Graph Linear Probability Plot and Least-Squares Best-Fit Line Gráfico de Probabilidad y regresión lineal 45 Graph Idealized Lognormal Distribution Distribución Log-normal Ideal

45.5 Occupational Exposure Limit. Valor Límite de Exposición Ocupacional (LEO)45.7 Reference value ( may be a TLV® , PEL, REL …) Valor de referencia (puede ser TLV® , PEL, REL …)45.8 max n = 200 max n = 200

46

47 The arithmetic average of the set of data. El promedio aritmético de un conjunto de datos.

48

49

50

51

comm.Concept

comm.Concept

comm.Concept

comm.Concept The difference between the largest and the smallest values in a measurement

data set.La diferencia entre el mayor y el menor valor en un conjunto de datos.

comm.Concept

comm.Concept The exposure measurement that divides the set of measurements

into two equal parts, whith half less half greater than this value.

Medida de exposición que divide un conjunto de mediciones en dos partes iguales, siendo la mitad menor y la mitad mayor de dicho valor.

comm.Concept The positive square root of the variance of a distribution; the

parameter measuring spread of values about the mean.

La raíz cuadrada positiva de la varianza de una distribución; el parámetro que mide la dispersión de valores desde la media.

comm.Concept

The exponential of the arithmetic mean of the natural logarithms of the data.The geometric mean is the theoretical median of lognormaly distributed data.

Exponencial de la media aritmética de los logaritmos naturadesde los datos.La media geométrica es la mediana teórica de una distribución log-normal.

comm.Concept

The exponential of the standard deviation of the natural logarithms of the data.Relation between GSD and Action Level : to ensure a high probability (95%) that no more than 5% of unmeasured exposures exceed the OEL, the Action Level, must be lowered as the GSD increases, as follows: day-to-day variability, GSD ≤ 1.3, OEL = 0.5 TLV; GSD = 1.5, OEL = 0.25 TLV; GSD = 2.0, OEL = 0.1 TLV; GSD ≥ 3.0, Process out of control or group poorly defined. (Leidel, 1976)

El exponencial de la desviación estándar de los logaritmos naturales de los datos. Relación entre DEG y el nivel de acción: El nivel de acción debe bajar a mdeida que aumenta la DEG para asegurar una alta porbabilidad (95%) que no más que 5% de las exposiciones no medidas excedan el LEO, de la siguiente manera: Variabilidad día a día, DEG ≤ 1.3, L EO= 0.5 TLV; DEG = 1.5, LEO = 0.25 TLV; DEG = 2.0, LEO = 0.1 TLV; DEG ≥ 3.0, Proceso fuera de control o pobremente definido. (Leidel, 1976)

D3
John Mulhausen and André Dufresne
E3
Julietta Rodriguez
Page 10: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file · Web view2013-04-01 · Title: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Book Author: 3M Last modified

#VALUE!

# Type English Español

Translation of IHSTAT+

52

53 Test de Shapiro y Wilk (conocida como la Prueba o Test W)

54

55

56

57

58

59

comm.Concept

Goodness-of-fit-test; a formal statisticaltest that evaluates whether sample dataare consistent with astatistical distribution

Prueba de "ajuste"; es una prueba estadística formal que evalúa si la muestra de datos es consistente con una distribución estadística normal.

comm.Concept

The Shapiro and Wilk test(known usually as the W test)

comm.Concept

Indicate if the exposure profile can or cannotreasonably be approximated by a lognormal distribution

Indica si el perfil de exposición puede o no ser razonablemente estimado como una distribución log-normal.

comm.Concept Indicate if the exposure profile can or cannot

be approximated by a normal distribution.Indica si el perfil de exposición puede o no ser razonablemente estimado como una distribución normal.

comm.Concept If the exposure profile indicates that the monitoring data might not

come from a lognormal or normal distribution, consider using non parametric statistic.

Si el perfil de exposición indica que los datos del monitoreo no proceden de una distribución log-normal o normal, considere la utilización de pruebas estadísticas no paramétricas.

comm.Concept

est. MA = arithmetic mean of a lognormal distributionestimated by the Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimate (MVUE), usually more accurate than the simple arithmetic mean of the data.The arithmetic mean is the appropriate parameter for evaluating long term risk.

MA est = Media aritmética de una distribución log-normal estimada por el método Varianza Minima Estimada No-sesgada (VMEN-S), usualmente más precisa que la Media Aritmética simple. La media Aritmética es el parámetro correcto para evaluar la exposición a largo plazo.

comm.Concept

LCL1, 95%; Lower confidence limit on the estimated arithmetic mean - Land's exact;Land's exact method provides the most accurateconfidence interval for the estimate of the arithmetic mean. The combination of LCL95% and UCL95% forms a 90% confidence interval around the AM estimate.

LCI1, 95%; Límite de Confianza Inferior de la media aritmética - Land's exacto; el método Land's exacto provee la estimación más precisa del intervalo de confianza. La combinación de LCI95% y el LCS95% conforman un intervalo de confianza de 90% alrededor de la media aritmética.

comm.Concept

If the arithmetic mean's one sided 95% upperconfidence limit(UCL,1,95%) is below the OEL, onewould be at least 95% sure that the exposureprofile's arithmetic mean is below the OEL.

Si se calcula el límite superior de confianza en 95% (UCL,1,95%) de la media aritmética y se encuentra por debajo del LEO, el higienista puede estar al menos 95 % seguro que el perfil de exposición es menor que el LEO.

D3
John Mulhausen and André Dufresne
E3
Julietta Rodriguez
Page 11: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file · Web view2013-04-01 · Title: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Book Author: 3M Last modified

#VALUE!

# Type English Español

Translation of IHSTAT+

60

61

comm.Concept

The 95th percentile point estimate. The 95th percentile, to which 95% of the distribution is inferior, provides a "picture" of the exposure profile's upper tail and is especially important when evaluating the health hazard of agents with acute health effects (such as hydrogen cyanide) or when evaluating the risk of non compliance to an OEL. In the case of an acute agent, the average exposure is not as important as understanding how high the exposure may get because those few high exposures might pose a more important risk to health than average exposures at lower levels. However, there is uncertainty associated with the percentile estimate - that uncertainty can be evaluated by calculating an upper tolerance limit.

Estimación del percentil 95 del perfil de exposición. Es el percentil en el cual el 95% es inferior, forma un imagen de la región superior de la distribución. Es particularmente importante para la evaluación de riesgos asociados a ganetes con efectos agudos para la salud (como el cianuro de hidrógeno) o para evaluar el riesgo de no-conformidad de un LEO. En el caso de los agentes agudos, las exposiciones elevadas transitorias tiene mayor riesgo de afectar la salud que la exposición promedio a concentraciones más bajas. Sin embargo, hay incertidumbre en la estimación del percentil, la cual puede ser evaluada calculando el límite de toleracia superior LTS.

comm.Concept

The upper limit of a tolerance interval. This parameter can be viewed as an upper confidence limit on the 95th percentile. Thus, we are 95% confident that at least 95% of the distribution are inferior to the UTL1,95%,95% estimate

Límite superior de un intervalo de tolerancia. Este parámetro puede interpretarse como el Límite de Confianza Superior. Por tanto, tenemos 95% de confianza que por lo menos el 95% de la distribución es inferior al LTS, 95%, 95% estimado.

D3
John Mulhausen and André Dufresne
E3
Julietta Rodriguez
Page 12: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file · Web view2013-04-01 · Title: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Book Author: 3M Last modified

#VALUE!

# Type English Español

Translation of IHSTAT+

62

63

64

comm.Concept

Exceedance Fraction; it is the proportion of the exposureprofile that exceeds the OEL. Occupational exposure guidelines are established so that withhighest certainty permitted by available data most workers willnot suffer health effects if exposed at the guideline level, dayafter day for a working lifetime. Implicit in that description isthe possibility that a small fraction may indeed experience healtheffects at or below the guideline level. This one reason why allexposures should be kept as far below guidelines level asreasonably achievable. Because of the inherent variability ofworkplace concentrations, guaranteeing that all exposuresare below a guideline is impossible. Demonstrating statisticallythat no more than a given percentage are greater than a standardhowever is possible. This notion is the basis for a exceedance fraction test. The uncertainty in the exceedance fraction point estimate is delimited by calculating a confidence interval.

Fracción excedente: es la proporción del perfil de exposición que excede el valor criterio como el LEO. Los valores límites de exposición en el lugar de trabajo son establecidos de manera que con la mayor certeza posible se protege la salud de la mayoría de los trabajadores expuestos a esa concentración día a día, durante su vida laboral activa. Queda implícita la probabilidad de que alguna proporcion de trabajadores pueda tener efectos sobre su salud a concentraciones iguales o inferiores al LEO. Es por esta razon que las exposiciones deben mantenerse a los niveles más bajos posibles. Es imposible garantizar que todas las concentraciones estén por debajo del LEO debido a la variabilidad inherente de las concentraciones en el lugar de trabajo. Por tanto, es posible demostrar estadísticamente que no más de cierto porcentaje es mayor del estándar. Esta es la base de la estimaciòn de la fracción excedente. La incertidumbre de la fracción excedente estimada se delimita mediante el cálculo de los límites de confianza.

comm.Concept

95% upper confidence limit on the exceedance fraction. We have an estimate of the exceedance fraction (see above), but this estimate is uncertain, and we are 95% sure that the real exceedance fraction is smaller than the UCL95%. The combination of LCL95% and UCL95% forms a 90% confidence interval around the exceedance fraction estimate

Límite superior de confianza de la fracción excedente: Tenemos una estimación del la fracción excendete (Ver arriba), que sabemos tiene incertidumbre, pero estamos seguros que 95% que la fraccion excedente real es menor que el LCS95%. La combinación de LCI95% y el LCS95%, conforma un intervalo de confianza de 90% alrededor de la fracción excedente estimada.

comm.Concept

D3
John Mulhausen and André Dufresne
E3
Julietta Rodriguez
Page 13: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file · Web view2013-04-01 · Title: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Book Author: 3M Last modified

#VALUE!

# Type English Español

Translation of IHSTAT+

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72 INTRO

comm.Concept

The arithmetic mean of the exposure profile basedon normal parametric statistic. However ,except in the case of noise measurements expressed in dB, occupational exposure profiles are generally not normally distributed but rather lognormally distributed.

La media aritmética del perfil de exposición basado en estadística paramétrica normal. Sin embargo, excepto los niveles de ruido expresados en dB, los perfiles de exposición ocupacional tiene una distribución logarítmica, en lugar de una distibución normal.

comm.Concept

The artihmetic mean one sided 95%lower confidence limit

El límite de confianza inferior de la media aritmética de unilateral LCI1,95%

comm.Concept

The arithmetic mean onesided 95% upper confidence limit. The combination of LCL1,95% and UCL1,95% forms a 90% confidence interval around the AM estimate

Límite superior unilateral de confianza de 95% de la media aritmética. La combinación de los límites de confianza unilaterales superiores o inferiores de 95% forman un intervalo de confianza de 90% alrededor de la estimación de la media aritmética.

comm.Concept Estimate of the 95th percentile of the exposure profile. See

definition in the lognormal parameters section.

Estimación del percentil 95 del perfil de exposición. Ver la definición en la sección de los parametros de la distribuión logarítmica.

comm.Concept 95% upper tolerance limit on the estimate of the 95th percentile.See

definition in the lognormal parameters section

Lìmite de Tolerancia Superior a 95% del percentil 95. Ver la definición en la sección de los parametros de la distribuión logarítmica.

comm.Concept

Exceedance Fraction; it is the proportion of the exposureprofile that exceeds the OEL. See definition in the lognormal parameters section

Fracción Excendente: es la porporción del perfil de esxposición que excede el LEO. Ver la definición en la sección de los parametros de la distribuión logarítmica.

comm.Concept

Exposure Profile: Magnitude and variability of exposures for aSimilar Exposure Group (SEG). This include some understandingof of the Central Tendency of the exposures (such as the meanexposure) and some understanding of the breadth, or variability,of the exposures (such as the range of exposures). The exposure profile can be represented by a statistical distribution, usually the lognormal distribution in the case of occupational exposures

Perfil de exposición: es la magnitud y variabilidad de exposiciones para un Grupo de Exposición Similar (GES). Esto incluye el entendimiento de las tendencias centrales de exposición (tal como la exposición media), y algún entendimiento sobre la amplitud o variabilidad de las exposiciones (tal como el rango de exposición). El perfil de esposición puede ser representado por una distribución estadística, usualmente la distribución log-normal en el caso de las exposiciones ocupacionales.

This file was originaly created by John Mulhausen and then modified in its multilingual version by Daniel Drolet et al.

Este archivo fue creado originalmente por John Mulhausen y luego modificado a su versión multilíngüe por Daniel Drolet et al.

D3
John Mulhausen and André Dufresne
E3
Julietta Rodriguez
Page 14: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file · Web view2013-04-01 · Title: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Book Author: 3M Last modified

#VALUE!

# Type English Español

Translation of IHSTAT+

73 Graph est. AM MA est74 Graph LCL LIC75 Graph UCL LSC76 Example Ejemplocomm.

Exemple

D3
John Mulhausen and André Dufresne
E3
Julietta Rodriguez
Page 15: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file · Web view2013-04-01 · Title: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Book Author: 3M Last modified

Français Allemand

IHSTAT+ multilingue Mehrsprachig IHSTAT+

IMPORTANT : Activer les macros à l'ouverture du fichier. WICHTIG: Beim Öffnen der Datei Makros aktivieren.

IHStat+ : v. 1.01, Déc 2007 IHSTAT+ : v. 1.01, Dez. 2007Statistiques en hygiène du travail Statistiken in der ArbeitshygieneValeur limite d'exposition professionnelle Maximale Arbeitsplatz-KonzentrationDonnées DatenVLE MAKStatistiques descriptives Beschreibende StatistikenNombre d'échantillons (n) Anzahl der Stichproben (n)Maximum (max) Maximum (max)Minimum (min) Minimum (min)Étendue SpannweitePourcentage au-dessus de la VLE Prozentsatz über dem MAK-WertMoyenne Mittelwert

Le matériel inclus dans ce logiciel est fourni "tel quel" sans aucune garantie, mentionnée, implicite ou autre, incluant sans limitation toute garantie sur la valeur marchande ou l'utilisation pour une application particulière.

Das Material dass in dieser Software enthalten ist, ist ohne Mängelgewähr geliefert, ohne jene Gewährleistung, erwähnt, gesetzlich, oder ansonsten, einschliesslich ohne Begrenzung jene Zusicherung allgemeiner Gebrauchstauglichkeit oder jene Gewährleistung der Eignung für einen bestimmten Zweck.

Sous aucune circonstance, John R. Mulhausen, Ph.D., CIH ou l'American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) ne peut être tenu responsable de dommages directs, indirects, spéciaux, fortuits ou immatériels de toute nature,

In keinem Fall soll John R. Mulhausen, Ph.D., CIH, oder die "American Industrial Hygiene Association" (AIHA) schadenersatzpflichtig sein, sei es für direkte, indirekte, sonderliche, beiläufig entstandene, folgerichtige Schaden jener Art, oder jene mögliche Schaden,

incluant sans limitation toute perte de profit, d'utilisation, d'épargne ou de revenu ou toute réclamation d'une tierce partie, que John Mulhausen ou l'AIHA ait été informé ou non de la possibilité d'une telle perte,

einschliesslich ohne Begrenzung jener Verlust an Gewinn, an Gebrauch, an Ersparnis oder an Einkommen, oder die Schaden Dritter, ob John Mulhausen oder die AIHA von der Möglichkeit eines derartigen Verlusts benachrichtigt wurde oder nicht,

de quelque manière causée et sur toute théorie de responsabilité résultant de ou en lien avec la possession, l'utilisation ou la performance de ce logiciel.

wie auch immer verursacht, und von jener Haftpflichttheorie, folgend oder verbunden mit dem Besitz, dem Gebrauch oder der Leistung dieser Software.

F3
Daniel Drolet et André Dufresne
G3
Catherine Tomicic
Page 16: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file · Web view2013-04-01 · Title: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Book Author: 3M Last modified

Français Allemand

Médiane MedianÉcart-type (s) Standardabweichung (s)Moyenne des données log-transformées (LN) Mittelwert von log-transformierten Daten (LN)

Écart-type des données log-transformées (LN) Standardabweichung von log-transformierten Daten (LN)Moyenne géométrique Geometrisches MittelÉcart-type géométrique (GSD) Geometrische StandardabweichungTest d'ajustement a une distribution Anpassungstest für eine VerteilungTest W sur les données log-transformées W-Test für die log-transformierten DatenLognormal (α = 0,05) ?Test W sur les données W-Test für die DatenNormal (α = 0,05) ?

Paramètres statistiques pour la distribution lognormale Parameterstatistiken für die logarithmische NormalverteilungMoyenne arithmétique estimée (MA est.) Geschätzter arithmetischer MittelwertLCinf. 1,95% - méthode "Exacte" de Land UKG1,95% - Lands "genaue" MethodeLCsup. 1,95% - Méthode "Exacte" de Land OKG1,95% - Lands "genaue" Methode95ieme Percentile 95. PerzentileLTsup. 95%,95% OTG95%,95%Fraction de dépassement la VLE Prozentsatz über dem MAK-WertLCinf. 1,95% %>VLE UKG1,95% %>MAKLCsup. 1,95% %>VLE OKG1,95% %>MAKParamètres statistiques pour la distribution normale Parameterstatistiken für die NormalverteilungMoyenne MittelwertLCinf. 1,95% - t statistiques UKG1,95% - t-StatistikenLCinf. 1,95% - t statistiques OKG1,95% - t-Statistiken95ieme Percentile - Z 95. Perzentile - ZLTsup. 95%,95% OTG95%,95%LTsup. OTGPourcentage au-dessus de la VLE Prozentsatz über dem MAK-WertGraphique séquentiel des données Sequentielle Datengraphik

Graphique log-probabilité et droite des moindres carrés

Lognormal (a = 0.05) ?

Normal (a = 0.05) ?

Logarithmischer Wahrscheinlichkeitsplot und beste Anpassungskurve der kleinsten Quadrate

F3
Daniel Drolet et André Dufresne
G3
Catherine Tomicic
F28
adufre1: Test de vérification de la distribution?
Page 17: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file · Web view2013-04-01 · Title: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Book Author: 3M Last modified

Français Allemand

Graphique probabilité et droite des moindres carrésDistribution log-normale idéale Ideale logarithmische Normalverteilung

Valeur limite d'exposition professionnelle Maximale Arbeitsplatz-Konzentration

Valeur de référence (peut être TLV® , PEL, REL …) Referenzwerte (z.B. TLV® , PEL, REL …)

max n = 200 max n = 200

La moyenne arithmétique des données. Der arithmetische Mittelwert der Datengruppe.

Linearer Wahrscheinlichkeitsplot und beste Anpassungskurve der kleinsten Quadrate

La différence entre la valeur la plus élevée et la valeur la plus faible dans un ensemble de données.

Der Unterschied zwischen dem höchsten Wert und dem kleinsten Wert in einer Datengruppe von Messwerten.

La valeur qui partage l'ensemble des données en deux parties égales, une moitié étant inférieure et l'autre moitié étant supérieure à cette valeur.

Der Expositionsmesswert, der die Messwertegruppe in zwei gleiche Gruppen einteilt, eine Hälfte mit kleineren Werte und eine Hälfte mit grösseren Werte als dieser Expositionsmesswert.

La racine carrée de la variance d'une distribution; ce paramètre mesure la dispersion des valeurs autour de la moyenne.

Die positive Quadratwurzel einer Varianzverteilung; dieser Parameter misst die Streuung der Werte um den Mittelwert.

L'exponentiel de la moyenne arithmétique des logarithmes népériens des valeurs. La moyenne géométrique est la médiane théorique d'une distribution log-normale.

Die Exponential des arithmetischen Mittelwertes der natürlichen Logarithmen der Daten. Das geometrische Mittel ist der theoretische Median lognormalen verteilten Daten.

L'exponentiel de l'écart-type des logarithmes népériens des données. Relation entre GSD et niveau d'intervention (AL) : pour s'assurer que moins de 5% des expositions ne dépasse la VLE (avec une probabilité d'au moins 95%), le niveau d'intervention doit être réduit à mesure que la variabilité (GSD) augmente : GSD ≤ 1.3, AL = 0.5 VLE; GSD = 1.5, AL = 0.25 VLE; GSD = 2.0, AL = 0.1 VLE; GSD ≥ 3.0, Procédé nom maitrisé ou groupe d'exposition mal défini. (Leidel, 1976)

Die Exponential der Standardabweichung der natürlichen Logarithmen der Daten. Zusammenhang zwischen GSD und dem Wirkungspegel (AL): um eine hohe Wahrscheinlichkeit (95%) zu sichern so dass nicht mehr als 5% der ungemessenen Expositionen die MAK überschreiten, muss der Wirkungspegel senken wenn die GSD steigt, wie folgendes: tagtägliche Variabilität, GSD ≤ 1.3, AL = 0.5 MAK; GSD = 1.5, AL = 0.25 MAK; GSD = 2.0, AL = 0.1 MAK; GSD ≥ 3.0, Prozess ausser Kontrolle oder Expositionsgruppe schlecht bestimmt. (Leidel, 1976)

F3
Daniel Drolet et André Dufresne
G3
Catherine Tomicic
Page 18: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file · Web view2013-04-01 · Title: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Book Author: 3M Last modified

Français Allemand

Test de Shapiro et Francia (connu sous le nom test W) Der Shapiro-Wilk-Test (gewöhnlich als W-Test bekannt)

Test d'ajustement; un test statistique qui évalue si les données sont conformes à une distribution statistique

Anpassungstest: ein statistischer Test der prüft, ob die Daten mit einer statistischer Verteilung übereinstimmen.

Indique si le profil d'exposition est conforme ou non à une distribution log-normale

Deutet an ob das Expositionsprofil durch eine logarithmische Normalverteilung angenähert werden kann

Indique si le profil d'exposition est conforme ou non à une distribution normale

Deutet an ob das Expositionsprofil durch eine Normalverteilung angenähert werden kann

Si le profil d'exposition indique que les données d'échantillonnage ne proviennent probablement pas d'une distribution normale ou log-normale, utiliser alors les statistiques non paramétriques.

Wenn das Expositionsprofil andeutet dass die Monitoring-Daten nicht mit einer logarithmischen Normalverteilung oder mit einer Normalverteilung übereinstimmen, dann parameterfreie Statistik anwenden.

MA est. = moyenne arithmétique d'une distribution log-normale, estimée par la méthode dite sans biais et de variance minimale (MVUE), généralement plus exacte que la moyenne arithmétique simple des données. La moyenne arithmétique est le paramètre approprié pour estimer le risque à long terme.

est. AM = arithmetischer Mittelwert einer logarithmischen Normalverteilung berechnet mit Hilfe des erwartungstreuen Schätzer mit kleinster Varianz (MVUE), gewöhnlich genauer als der einfache arithmetische Mittelwert der Daten. Das arithmetische Mittelwert ist der entsprechende Parameter zur Beurteilung des Langzeitrisikos.

LC inf. 1,95%; limite de confiance inférieure sur la moyenne arithmétique - Méthode "exacte" de Land; la méthode de Land fournit l'intervalle de confiance le plus exact autour de l'estimé de la moyenne arithmétique. La combinaison des deux limites de confiances LCinf 95% et LCsup 95% forme un intervalle de confiance à 90% autour de l'estimé de la moyenne arithmétique

UKG, 95%; Untere Konfidenzgrenze für das geschätzte arithmetische Mittelwert - Lands "genaue" Methode; Lands "genaue" Methode bietet einen der genausten Konfidenzintervall für die Schätzung des arithmetischen Mittelwertes. Die Bindung der UKG95% und der OKG95% bildet einen 90%-Konfidenzintervall um den geschätzten AM.

Si la limite de confiance supérieure à 95% (unilatérale) sur la moyenne arithmétique est inférieure à la VLE, on est assuré qu'il y a au moins 95 % de chances que la moyenne arithmétique du profil d'exposition est inférieure à la VLE.

Wenn die obere 95%-Konfidenzgrenze des arithmetischen Mittelwertes (einseitig) kleiner ist als das MAK, dann ist man zu wenigstens 95% sicher dass das Expositionsprofil des arithmetischen Mittelwertes unter dem MAK liegt.

F3
Daniel Drolet et André Dufresne
G3
Catherine Tomicic
Page 19: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file · Web view2013-04-01 · Title: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Book Author: 3M Last modified

Français Allemand

L'estimé du 95e percentile du profil d'exposition. Ce percentile, auquel 95% des valeurs du profil sont inférieures, fournit une image de la région supérieure de la distribution. Il est particulièrement important lors de l'évaluation du risque associé à des agents ayant des effets aigus sur la santé (tel que le cyanure d'hydrogène) ou pour estimer le risque de non-conformité à une VLE. Dans le cas d'un agent ayant des effets aigus, des expositions élevées transitoires sont plus à risque d'affecter la santé qu'une exposition moyenne à une concentration plus basse. Il y a cependant une incertitude liée à l'estimation des percentiles, incertitude que l'on évalue en calculant une limite supérieure de tolérance.

Die 95. Perzentile Punktschätzung. Die 95. Perzentile, dem 95% der Werte der Verteilung kleiner ist, bietet ein "Bild" des oberen Gebietes des Expositionsprofils. Sie ist äusserst wichtig bei der Risikobeurteilung von Wirkstoffen mit akuten Wirkungen für die Gesundheit (wie z.B. der Cyanwasserstoff) oder bei der Risikoeinschätzung einer Nichtübereinstimmung der MAK. Im Falle eines Wirkstoffes mit akuten Wirkungen für die Gesundheit ist die Durchschnittsexposition nicht so wichtig als die Einsicht wie hoch eine Exposition werden kann, weil diese wenigen hohen Expositionen können ein bedeutenderes Risiko hervorrufen als Durchschnittsexpositionen mit niedrigeren Konzentrationen. Allerdings gibt es eine Unsicherheit mit der 95. Perzentile Punktschätzung - diese Unsicherheit kann mit dem Rechnen einer oberen Toleranzgrenze geschätzt werden.

La limite supérieure d'un intervalle de tolérance. La limite de tolérance permet de quantifier la confiance dans l'estimation d'un percentile. Ainsi, on peut être certain à 95 % qu'au moins 95% des valeurs du profil sont inférieures à l'estimé de LTsup1 ,95%,95%

Die obere Grenze eines Toleranzintervalls. Dieser Parameter kann als eine obere Konfidenzgrenze des 95. Perzentiles angesehen werden. Daher können wir mit 95 % sicher sein dass wenigstens 95% der Verteilung kleiner sind als die geschätzte OTG, 95%, 95%.

F3
Daniel Drolet et André Dufresne
G3
Catherine Tomicic
Page 20: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file · Web view2013-04-01 · Title: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Book Author: 3M Last modified

Français Allemand

Fraction de dépassement; c'est la proportion des valeurs du profil d'exposition qui dépassent la VLE. Les valeurs limites d'exposition en milieu de travail sont établies en fonction des connaissances disponibles et permettent que la santé de la majorité des travailleurs soit protégée s'ils sont exposés jusqu'à de telles concentrations, jour après jour durant toute leur vie active. Cette définition sous-entend qu'un faible nombre de travailleurs pourront subir des effets à une concentration égale ou inférieure à ces valeurs. Pour cette raison, les expositions doivent être maintenues aussi basses que possible. Vu la variabilité dans les concentrations mesurées dans un milieu de travail, il est impossible de garantir que toutes les expositions sont inférieures aux VLE. Il est cependant possible de démontrer statistiquement que pas plus d'un certain pourcentage leur sera supérieur. Cette notion est à la base de l'estimation de la fraction de dépassement. L'incertitude associée à l'estimé de la fraction de dépassement est déterminée par le calcul d'un intervalle de confiance.

Überschreitungsanteil: es ist der Anteil des Expositionsprofils der die MAK überschreitet. Es gibt Richtlinien für die Expositionen auf dem Arbeitsplatz so dass die meisten Arbeiter, mit höchster Sicherheit erlaubt durch gültigen Daten, nicht an Gesundheitsschäden leiden werden, wenn sie an der MAK ausgesetzt sind, Tag für Tag während dem ganzen Arbeitsleben. Diese Bezeichnung ergibt die Möglichkeit dass ein kleiner Anteil allerdings an Gesundheitsschäden erleiden kann wenn dem MAK-Wert oder unter dem MAK-Wert ausgesetzt sind. Deswegen sollten die Expositionen so niedrig wie möglich gehalten werden. Da es eine gewisse Variabilität von den Konzentrationen auf dem Arbeitsplatz gibt, ist es unmöglich sicherzustellen dass alle Expositionen unter den MAK-Werten bleiben. Allerdings ist es möglich statistisch zu beweisen dass nicht mehr als einen gewissen Anteil über den MAK-Werten liegt. Diese Kenntnis ist die Basis für einen Überschreitungsanteiltest. Die Unsicherheit der Punktschätzung des Überschreitungsanteils ist durch das Rechnen eines Konfidenzintervalls begrenzt.

Limite supérieure de confiance à 95% sur la fraction de dépassement. Nous avons un estimé de cette fraction, mais il est entouré d'incertitude, et nous sommes surs à 95% que la fraction réelle est inférieure à LCsup.1,95%. La combinaison de LCinf.1,95% et LCsup.1,95% forme un intervalle de confiance à 90% autour de l'estimé de la fraction de dépassement.

Obere 95%-Konfidenzgrenze beim Überschreitungsanteil. Wir haben eine Schätzung des Überschreitungsanteils (siehe oben), aber diese Schätzung ist unsicher, und wir sind zu 95% sicher dass der richtige Überschreitungsanteil kleiner ist als die OKG95%. Die Vereinigung von der UKG95% und der OKG95% bilden einen 90%-Konfidenzintervall um die Schätzung des Überschreitungsanteils.

F3
Daniel Drolet et André Dufresne
G3
Catherine Tomicic
Page 21: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file · Web view2013-04-01 · Title: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Book Author: 3M Last modified

Français Allemand

La moyenne arithmétique du profil d'exposition basée sur une distribution normale. À noter que, excepté dans le cas de mesures de bruit exprimées en dB, les données d'exposition en milieu de travail sont distribuées conformément à un profil log-normal plutôt que normal.

Der arithmetische Mittelwert des Expositionsprofils auf Grund der Parameterstatistiken für die logarithmische Normalverteilung. Dennoch, abgesehen von Lärmmessungen die in dB ausgedrückt sind, sind Expositionsprofile auf dem Arbeitsplatz hauptsächlich nicht normal verteilt sondern eher lognormal verteilt.

La limite inférieure de confiance unilatérale à 95% sur la moyenne arithmétique.

Der arithmetische Mittelwert mit einseitiger unteren 95%-Konfidenzgrenze.

La limite supérieure de confiance unilatérale à 95% sur la moyenne arithmétique. La combinaison des limites de confiances unilatérales à 95% inférieures et supérieures forme un intervalle de confiance à 90% autour de l'estimé de la moyenne arithmétique.

Der arithmetische Mittelwert mit einseitiger oberen 95%-Konfidenzgrenze. Die Vereinigung von der UKG1,95% und der OKG1,95% bilden einen 90%-Konfidenzintervall um den geschätzten arithmetischen Mittelwert.

Estimé du 95e percentile du profil d'exposition. Voir définition dans la section des paramètres de la distribution log-normale.

Die 95. Perzentile Schätzung des Expositionsprofils. Siehe Definition im Abschnitt über den lognormalen Parametern.

Limite de tolérance à 95% sur le 95e percentile. Voir définition dans la section des paramètres de la distribution log-normale.

Obere 95%-Konfidenzgrenze für die Schätzung des 95. Perzentiles. Siehe Definition im Abschnitt über den lognormalen Parametern.

Fraction de dépassement; c'est la proportion des valeurs du profil d'exposition qui dépassent la VLE. Voir définition dans la section des paramètres de la distribution log-normale.

Überschreitungsanteil: es ist der Anteil des Expositionsprofils der die MAK überschreitet. Siehe Definition im Abschnitt über den lognormalen Parametern.

Profil d'exposition : ampleur et variabilité des expositions pour un groupe d'exposition similaire (GES). Cela inclut la connaissance de la tendance centrale des expositions (telle que la valeur d'exposition moyenne) et de la gamme ou variabilité des expositions (telle que l'étendue des expositions). Le profil d'exposition peut être représenté par une distribution statistique, généralement la distribution lognormale dans le cas des mesures d'exposition professionnelle.

Expositionsprofil: Ausmass und Variabilität von Expositionen für eine gleichartige Expositionsgruppe. Dies bezieht ein gewisses Verstehen von einer Mitteltendenz der Expositionen (so wie die Durchschnittsexposition) und von der Weite, oder der Variabilität, der Expositionen (so wie den Bereich der Expositionen) ein. Der Expositionsprofil kann mit einer statistischer Verteilung dargestellt werden, üblicherweise mit der logarithmischen Normalverteilung im Fall der Expositionen am Arbeitsplatz.

Ce fichier a été créé à l'origine par John Mulhausen (3M) et ensuite modifié dans la présente version multilingue par Daniel Drolet et al.

Die Datei wurde ursprünglich von John Mulhausen entworfen und anschliessend von Daniel Drolet in seine mehrsprachige Fassung bearbeitet.

F3
Daniel Drolet et André Dufresne
G3
Catherine Tomicic
Page 22: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file · Web view2013-04-01 · Title: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Book Author: 3M Last modified

Français AllemandMA est. est. AM LC inf. UKGLC sup. OKG

Exemple Beispiel

F3
Daniel Drolet et André Dufresne
G3
Catherine Tomicic
Page 23: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file · Web view2013-04-01 · Title: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Book Author: 3M Last modified

Italien

IHSTAT+ multilingua

IMPORTANTE: Attivare le macro all'apertura del file

IHSTAT+ : v. 1.01, Dec 2007Elementi di statistica in igiene industrialeValori limite d'esposizione professionaleDati OEL Statistica descrittivaNumero di campionamenti (n)Massimo (max)Minimo (min)IntervalloPercentuale superiore al valore di soglia Media

Il materiale presentato in questo software é fornito "cosi' com'é" senza alcuna garanzia esplicita o implicita, incluse garanzie di commerciabilità, adeguatezza all'uso e legalità di qualsiasi servizio fornito.

In nessun caso, John R. Mulhausen, Ph.D., CIH o l'American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) possono essere ritenuti responsabili di qualsiasi danno diretto, indiretto, speciale, incidentale o consequenziale, o di altra natura,

ivi compresa, senza alcuna limitazione, la perdita di profitto, di usabilità, di guadagno o reclami da parte di terzi, anche nel caso in cui John Mulhausen o l'AIHA siano stati preavvisati della possibilità di tali danni,

in qualche maniera derivanti dall'utilizzo o la performance di questo software

H3
Raffaella Bruzzi
Page 24: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file · Web view2013-04-01 · Title: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Book Author: 3M Last modified

Italien

MedianaDeviazione standardMedia dei dati log-trasformati

Deviazione standard dei dati log-trasformatiMedia geometricaDeviazione standard geometricaTest di conformità Test-W sui dati log-trasformatiLog-normale (α = 0,05) ?Test-W sui dati Normale (α = 0,05) ?

Parametri statistici per la distribuzione lognormaleStimatore della media aritmetica (MA est.)LCinf. 1,95% - Metodo "esatto" di LandLCsup. 1,95% - Metodo "esatto" di Land95simo PercentileLTsup. 95%,95%Percentuale superiore al valore di sogliaLCinf. 1,95% %>TLVLCsup. 1,95% %>TLVParametri statistici per la distribuzione lognormaleMediaLCinf. 1,95% - test tLCsup. 1,95% - test t95simo Percentile - ZLTsup. 95%,95%LTsup.Percentuale superiore al valore di soglia Grafico sequenziale

Curva di log-probabilità e retta dei minimi quadrati

H3
Raffaella Bruzzi
Page 25: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file · Web view2013-04-01 · Title: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Book Author: 3M Last modified

Italien

Curva di probabilità e retta dei minimi quadratiDistribuzione log-normale ideale

Valori limite d'esposizione professionale

Valore di referenza (per esempio TLV®, PEL, REL …)

max n = 200

La media aritmetica dei dati.

La differenza tra il valore piu' alto e piu' basso per un insieme di dati.

Il valore che divide l'insieme ordinato dei valori in due parti uguali, una metà inferiore e l'altra superiore a questo valore.

La radice quadrata della varianza di una distribuzione: questo parametro misura la dispersione dei valori intorno alla media

L'esponenziale della media aritmetica del logaritmo neperiano dei valori. La media geometrica é la mediana teorica di una distribuzione log-normale.

L'esponenziale della deviazione standard del logaritmo neperiano dei dati. Relazione tra GSD e Action Level (limite d'accettazione): per assicurarsi che non piu' del 5% dei casi d'esposizione non misurati superi il valore di soglia (TLV) (con una probabilità di almeno 95%), l'Action Level deve essere ridotto per ottenere un aumento della GSD: GSD ≤ 1.3, AL = 0.5 TLV; GSD = 1.5, AL = 0.25 TLV; GSD = 2.0, AL = 0.1 OEL ?; GSD≥ 3.0, Processo non controllabile o gruppo d'esposizione mal definito. (Leidel, 1976)

H3
Raffaella Bruzzi
Page 26: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file · Web view2013-04-01 · Title: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Book Author: 3M Last modified

Italien

Test di Shapiro e Wilk (piu' noto come W-test)

Test di conformità : un test statistico che valuta se i dati sono conformi a una distribuzione statistica

Indica se il profilo d'esposizione é conforme a una distribuzione log-normale

Indica se il profile d'esposizione é conforme a una distribuzione normale

Se il profilo d'esposizione indica che i dati di campionamento non provengono probabilmente da una distribuzione normale o log-normale, utilizzare test non parametrici

MA est.= stimatore della media aritmetica di una distribuzione log-normale, stimato attraverso il metodo dello stimatore corretto di varianza minima (dall'inglese Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimator MVUE), generalmente piu' esatto che la semplice media aritmetica dei dati. La media aritmetica é il parametro appropriato per stimare un rischio a lungo termine

LC inf. 1,95%; limite inferiore dell'intervallo di confidenza per la media aritmetica - Metodo "esatto" di Land; il metodo "esatto" di Land fornisce l'intervallo di confidenza piu' preciso per lo stimatore della media aritmetica. La combinazione dei due limiti di confidenza LCinf 95% e LCsup 95% definisce un intervallo di confidenza del 90% intorno al valore stimato per la media aritmetica

Se il limite superiore dell'intervallo di confidenza al 95% (unilaterale) per la media aritmetica é inferiore al valore di soglia (TLV), il profilo d'esposizione sarà inferiore al valore di soglia con probabilità 95%

H3
Raffaella Bruzzi
Page 27: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file · Web view2013-04-01 · Title: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Book Author: 3M Last modified

Italien

Il 95simo percentile stimato del profilo d'esposizione. Il 95simo percentile, punto al di sotto del quale si trova il 95% dei valori d'un profilo, fornisce un'immagine della regione superiore della distribuzione. É particolarmente importante per la valutazione del rischio correlato all'esposizione a sostanze aventi effetto acuto sulla salute (come il cianuro di idrogeno) o per stimare il rischio di non conformità rispetto al limite di soglia (TLV). Nel caso di sostanze aventi un effetto acuto, una breve esposizione a picchi di concentrazione puo' avere un rischio piu' importante che una piu' lunga esposizione a un livello medio piu' basso. Esiste comunque un'incertezza legata alla stima dei percentili, incertezza che si puo' valutare calcolando un limite superiore di tolleranza.

Il limite superiore dell'intervallo di tolleranza. Il limite di tolleranza permette di valutare la confidenza della stima di un percentile. Quindi possiamo essere certi al 95% che almeno il 95% dei valori di un profilo sono inferiori al limite superiore LTsup. 1.95%,95%

H3
Raffaella Bruzzi
Page 28: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file · Web view2013-04-01 · Title: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Book Author: 3M Last modified

Italien

Frazione eccedente: rappresenta la percentuale dei valori di un profilo superiori al valore limite di soglia (TLV). I valori limite di esposizione sono fissati in modo tale che la maggior parte dei lavoratori possa rimanere esposta ripetutamente giorno per giorno senza effetti negativi per la salute, per tutta la durata della vita lavorativa. In questa definizione é implicita la possibilità che una ridotta percentuale di lavoratori possa presentare effetti anche a livelli d'esposizione inferiore al limite di soglia. Per questo motivo l'esposizione deve essere mantenuta ai livelli piu' bassi possibili. Data la variabilità delle concentrazioni misurate negli ambienti lavorativi, garantire che tutte le esposizioni siano inferiori al limite raccomandato é impossibile. Resta comunqe possibile dimostrare statisticamente che non piu' di una certa percentuale sarà superiore. Questo concetto é alla base della stima della frazione eccedente. L'incertezza associata alla stima della frazione eccedente é determinata grazie all'intervallo di confidenza.

Limite superiore dell'intervallo di confidenza 95% della frazione eccedente. Il nostro stimatore della frazione eccedente é incerto, ma possiamo essere sicuri al 95% che la frazione eccedente effettiva sarà inferiore al Lcsuo.1.95%. La combinazione dei due limiti di confidenza LCinf 1.95% e LCsup 1.95% definisce un intervallo di confidenza del 90% intorno al valore stimato della frazione eccedente

H3
Raffaella Bruzzi
Page 29: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file · Web view2013-04-01 · Title: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Book Author: 3M Last modified

Italien

La media aritmetica del profilo d'esposizione basata su una distribuzione normale. Da notare che, a parte le misure del rumore espresse in dB, i valori d'esposizione nell'ambiente di lavoro presentano piuttosto una distribuzione log-normale.Il limite inferiore dell'intervallo di confidenza unilaterale 95% per la media aritmetica

Il limite superiore dell'intervallo di confidenza unilaterale 95% per la media aritmetica. La combinazione dei due limiti di confidenza inferiore e superiore definisce un intervallo di confidenza del 90% intorno al valore stimato della media aritmetica.

Stimatore del 95simo percentile del profilo d'esposizione. Vedi definizione nella sezione Parametri statistici per la distribuzione log-normale

Limite dell'intervallo di tolleranza. Vedi definizione nella sezione Parametri statistici per la distribuzione log-normale

Frazione eccedente: rappresenta la percentuale dei valori di un profilo superiori al valore limite di soglia (TLV). Vedi definizione nella sezione Parametri statistici per la distribuzione log-normale

Profilo d'esposizione: intensità e variabilità dell'esposizione per un gruppo omogeneo d'esposizione (G.O.E.). Questo comprende l'informazione sulla tendenza centrale dell'esposizione (come il valore medio d'esposizione) e sulla variabilità dell'esposizione (come il range dell'esposizione). Il profilo d'esposizione puo' essere rappresentato da una distribuzione statistica, e generalmente, nel caso dell'esposizione in ambiente professionnale, da una distribuzione log-normale.

Questo file é stato creato inizialmente da John Mulhausen (3M) e in seguito modificato, per l'attuale versione multilingua, da Daniel Drolet.

H3
Raffaella Bruzzi
Page 30: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Bookonline.columbiasouthern.edu/.../MOS/MOS6301/12E/UnitVI… · XLS file · Web view2013-04-01 · Title: IHSTATS for AIHA EASC Book Author: 3M Last modified

ItalienMA est.LC inf.LC sup.

Esempio

H3
Raffaella Bruzzi