IGCSE | Useful Vocabulary

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lead to: The research could lead to a cure for many serious illnesses. result in: The fire resulted in damage to their property. be responsible for: He was responsible for the accident.

impact on: His work has had an enormous impact on the study of genetics. influence on: In his book, he examines the influence of the media on our society. affect: (v) The disease affects women more than men. influence: (v) She has influenced him a lot.

have no doubt: I have no doubt that a cure for the disease will one day be found. there is no doubt: There is no doubt that violence on our TV screens does influence children.

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increase by (percent): Last year, the number of burglaries increased by 15 percent. go up: Last month unemployment went up from 1.6 million to just over 1.7 million. grow: The volume of traffic on our roads continues to grow. double/triple/quadruple: Since 1950, the number of people dying from cancer has almost doubled.

decrease by (percent): The average rainfall has decreased by around 30 percent. go down: The percentage of fat in our diets has gone down. fall: The number of tigers in the wild has fallen to just over 10,000. drop: At night, the temperature drops to minus 20 degrees.

have fun it is/was fun: Our trip was great fun. enjoyable exciting thrilling: very exciting enjoy yourself / ourselves / himself have a good/great/wonderful time have the time of your life

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be keen on sb/sth: I’m keen on tennis. be into sth: She’s into music. can’t stand

benefit drawback: disadvantage

Convenient beneficial suitable

oustanding superb: He is a superb dancer.

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breathtaking impressive striking stunning astonishing

amusing hilarious

dull tedious monotonous

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inappropriate unsuitable disappointing

awful disgusting hideous shocking terrible

attractive good-looking gorgeous striking stunning

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breathtaking stunning awe-inspiring striking spectacular spotless: very clean

unattractive unpleasant unsightly filthy: very dirty

freezing boiling (More vocabulary on page 2)

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absolutely extremely highly incredibly remarkably

a great number of + countable noun: A great number of students. a great deal of+uncount: A great deal of pressure.

a few / few + countable noun a small number of + countable a little / little + uncountable a small amount of + uncount

dramatically: Your life changes dramatically at university. significantly slightly: She's slightly taller than her sister.

IGCSE | Useful Vocabulary

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ambitious cheerful: happy easy-going creative – imaginative outgoing - unsociable realistic - unrealistic reliable - unreliable sensible - insensible sensitive - insensitive sympathetic individualistic

health care systems health service private medicine health insurance alternative medicine traditional medicine acupuncture X-ray blood test

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global warming climate change: changes in the weather around the world, which result in much higher or lower temperatures, violent storms, floods, or droughts the greenhouse effect acid rain: rain that contains pollution from factories, power stations etc, which causes damage to forests the hole in the ozone layer hazardous / toxic waste: dangerous waste materials, for example produced by industries, hospitals etc pesticides: they can be harmful when they are absorbed into crops or the soil: Farmers are being asked to reduce their use of pesticides. GM foods: genetically modified foods organic foods fossil fuels: fuels such as coal or oil. Burning these fuels causes a lot of carbon gases to be released into the atmosphere fumes: harmful gas or smoke, for example from cars, factories etc, which can damage people's health exhaust fumes (=from cars) endangered species extinction: The white rhino is close to extinction. soil erosion deforestation floods droughts environmentally friendly/eco-friendly: environmentally-friendly products or methods do not cause harm to the environment: a campaign to encourage people to use environmentally-friendly forms of transport recycle (v) / recycling (n) / recyclable (adj) solar power/wind power: Solar power is a renewable resource. environmentalist: someone who is concerned about protecting the environment environmental group

warm boiling mild: mild winter weather is pleasant because it is not as cold as it usually is. It seems quite mild for February. humid cool chilly: a little cold, in a way that makes you feel uncomfortable freezing: extremely cold. drizzle: light rain. shower: a short period of rain. Heavy showers (=when a lot of rain falls for short periods). hail/stones: frozen raindrops that fall as small balls of ice. There were frequent showers of rain and hail.

frost: ice that looks white and powdery and covers things when the temperature is very cold. The grass and trees were white with frost. icy: covered in ice and very slippery. Be careful - the roads are icy this morning. overcast: if the sky is overcast, it is very cloudy and dark, and there will probably be rain. fog: thick cloudy air near the ground that is very difficult to see through. Thick/dense fog: Dense fog is making driving conditions difficult on many roads. foggy: adjective. gust of wind: (=when the wind suddenly blows strongly) A sudden gust of wind blew the paper out of his hand. breeze: a gentle pleasant wind. gale: a very strong wind. The fence was blown down in the gale last night. thunderstorm: a storm where there is a lot of thunder and lightning. blizzard: a storm with a lot of snow and strong winds. hurricane - tornado: a small but very powerful twisting mass of air that causes a lot of damage. Tornadoes are most common in the central area of the US.

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discrimination exploitation inequality famine malnutrition overpopulation begging drug abuse inequality

homeless people unemployment vandalism violent crime mugging rape capital punishment fine

graduate from school degree: She has a degree in economics. distance learning e-learning: a method of study that involves using the Internet and communicating with teachers using email grant: an amount of money given to someone, especially by the government, to help pay for their education, research scholarship

IGCSE | Useful Vocabulary

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employee: someone who is paid to work for someone else: a government employee worker: someone who does a job, especially low-ranking job: a conflict between workers and management co-worker: someone who works with you and has a similar position. part-time job / work part-time full-time job / work full-time self-employed: working for yourself and not employed by a company: job opportunities: Big cities offer good job opportunities. job satisfaction: the enjoyment you get from doing your job: Being a teacher gives me high job satisfaction. job security: how permanent your job is likely to be. promotion: a move to a more important job or position in a company or organization: a job with good prospects for promotion be promoted bonus money added to someone's wages, especially as a reward for good work: Every worker in this company receives an annual bonus. pay rise: an increase in the amount of money you are paid for doing your job. work overtime: Nurses often have to do a lot of overtime. well-paid job / badly-paid job challenging job pleasant / satisfying job stressful job tiring job

form/start a new company set up a business apply for a job be/go on strike: to refuse to continue working because of an argument with an employer about working conditions, pay levels or job losses. retire: to leave your job or stop working because of old age or ill health. resign from a job: decide to leave a job. be fired from a job be unemployed be out of work/a job: be unemployed.

the media: all the organizations, such as television, radio, and newspapers, that provide news and information for the public, or the people who do this work: The event attracted interest from the national media. the press: newspapers and news magazines, or the people who work for them: The case was widely reported in the press. journalist: someone who writes news reports for newspapers, magazines, television, or radio. reporter: someone whose job is to write about news events for a newspaper, or to tell people about them on television or on the radio. correspondent broadcast (verb) It was in 1954 that BBC TV broadcast its first national news summary, introduced by Mr Richard Baker. cable television satellite television

paparazzi celebrity star personality become famous / become well-known rise to fame

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blockbuster: a book or film that is very good or successful. box-office hit: a successful film, play or actor who many people go to see. gripping plot / story: very exciting and interesting. fascinating plot / story entertaining plot / story hilarious plot / story tedious plot / story: boring humourless plot / story slow-moving plot / story depressing plot / story unimaginative plot / story likeable characters convincing characters / acting disappointing acting stunning special effects / photography

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facilities: things that are provided in a place in order to make particular services or activities available: The facilities at the hotel were excellent -- tennis courts, swimming pool, several bars and a good restaurant. pedestrian: someone who is walking, especially along a street or other place used by cars curb: the raised edge of a road, between where people can walk and cars can drive. pavement: a hard level surface or path at the side of a road for people to walk on road sign / street sign traffic lights traffic jam(s)

In my opinion/In my view It seems to me that I believe As far as I’m concerned