Ifp ch. no. 4 intro. to & compon. of pneumatic system

Subject:- Industrial Fluid Power (IFP)CHAPTER NO: 04

INTRODUCTION TO AND COMPONNTS OF PNEUMATIC SYTEMS (24 Marks (14)

BY

Prof. Kokare A.Y.

BABASAHEB PHADTARE POLYTECHNICKALAMB-WALCHANDNAGAR.

B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.

General Layout of Pneumatic System


1. Operating pressure of compressed air.2. Flow rate of compressed air.3. Filter rating for selection of filter.4. Stroke length required for selection of cylinder.5. Force required and speed required by the actuator.6. Compatibility, durability, cost etc.7. Port size, pipe size etc. of connections.8. Environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity etc.9. Surrounding condition such as chemical, high temp. etc.


1. It is very fast in operation, because very low viscosity of compressed air.

2. It can run continuously for long period.3. It works better even in hot surrounding. It cools even at 125oc4. Its better work in mines, because it does not generate any

spark and hence no chances of explosion and fire hazard.5. It is very clean and absolutely dust free surrounding.6. It is environment friendly.7. Return line is absent, makes circuit simpler.8. Leakage of compressed air does not have any problem.9. If overloaded system is stalls. System will start working once

the load is reduced.10.Automatic and safety circuits are possible.


1. Force develop is very less as compare with Hydraulic system.2. The compression of air is very costly.3. Lubrication is required.4. System is noisy unless exhaust port are fitted with silencer.5. Precise control of speed is not possible. Because low viscosity.

1. Pneumatic tools: Drilling m/c, nut runner, screw driver etc.2. Packing m/c. 3. Material handling: Clamps, conveyor, robotic

arm.4. Mining 5. Automobile: Air brake, Air suspension etc.6. Machine tools: Pneumatic press, clamps, vices etc.7. Medical and dental equipment: Dental chair, operating table, Dental drill.


Double acting Reciprocating compressor Selection criteria for Air

compressor


1. Avg. air consumption- capacity should be 2 to 3 times of avg. air.

2. FAD3. Air receiver capacity- volume of

receiver tank is greater than volume is comp. in 1 minute.

4. Power supply.5. Configuration- tank mounted or

base type, simplex or duplex, Reciprocating or rotary type.6. Component and accessories- power switch relays,

thermostats, pressure gauge, drain plug.

Double acting Reciprocating compressor Important point considered

in air receiver tank


1. Receiver tank must be sufficiently large

2. Receiver tank must be sufficiently strong to withstand pressure

3. Receiver tank must have important accessories- pressure relief valve, drain valve, press. Gauge, temp. gauge etc.

4. Capacity of Receiver is atm. Press. X FAD per minute

to the Press. Of comp. air.

FRL Unit- (Filter, Regulator, Lubricator)


Air Filter Air Regulator


Air Lubricator Condensation of waterMoisture Separator


Coalescence Element type Filter Air Dryers


There are two types-1.Refrigerated air dryer.2.Chemical air dryer. A. Deliquescent air dryers. B. Absorption air dryers.

a) According to function: 1. Pressure control valves:

Relief valve Reducing valve Unloading valveCounter balanced valve Sequence valve .

2. Direction control valve:check valve 2/2 valve 3/2 valve 4/2 valve

4/3 valve 5/2 valve. 3. Flow control valve :

Fixed restriction FCV Variable restriction FCVFCV with Reverse free flow Pressure compensated

valveTemperature compensated valve Cam operated FCV


b) According to the method actuation: 1. Manual operated:

Palm operated Push button operated Hand lever operated. Foot pedal operated Cam(roller) operated 2. Pilot operated:

a.Single pilot b.Double pilot. 3. Solenoid operated:

Single solenoid Double solenoid.c) According to construction: 1. Poppet type: Ball type, conical poppet type. 2. Spool type: Sliding spool type, rotary spool type. 3. Flow control : Gate valve, plug valve, needle valve, poppet

valve, butterfly valve etc.


Pressure Relief Valve Pressure Reducing Valve


Sequence Valve


a) According to the method actuation: 1. Manual operated:

Palm operated Push button operated Hand lever operated. Foot pedal operated Cam(roller)

operated 2. Pilot operated:

a.Single pilot b.Double pilot. 3. Solenoid operated:

Single solenoid Double solenoid. b) According to ype of spool: 1. Poppet type. 2. Sliding Spool type. 3. Rotary spool type.a)According to number of ports and position:

check valve 2/2 valve 3/2 valve 4/2 valve4/3 valve 5/2 valve.


Check Valve


Check Valve Animation.mp4

Sliding Spool type 2/2 DCV

Rotary Spool type 2/2 DCV


2/2 Direction Control Valve





using a 3 2 valve NO to control a cylinder.mp4





4-2 Directional control valve.mp4 rotary spool directional valves work.mp4





4-3 Directional control valve.mp4





5 2 valve .mp4

Method of Actuation and there Symbol


Variable Restriction FCV FCV with Reverse Free Flow


Flow Control Valve

Fixed Restriction FCV

Flow control valves work.mp4

Quick Exhaust Valve Cam operated FCV with integral check valve


Camshaft _ Valve Animation .mp4

1.Time Delay Valve 2. Shuttle Valve


Special Type Valves

Shuttle valve .mp4

3.Twin Pressure Valve 4. Quick Exhaust Valve


Special Type Valves

Pilot Operated Relief Valve Animation.mp4

Classification of Actuators

2. Rotating Cylinder


Single acting cylinder Double acting cylinder


Single Acting Cylinder.mp4Double Acting Cylinder.mp4

Diaphragm cylinder Double rod end cylinder


Diaphragm Cylinder.mp4

Tandem cylinder Cylinder with cushioning


Tandem Cylinder .mp4

Telescope cylinder Cylinder Mountings


Telescopic cylinder 2.mp4

A) Vane type B) Piston type (Rack and pinion type


Rotary Actuators

Piston type Actuator.mp4Vane Actuator.wmv.mp4

External Gear Motor Radial Piston Motor


EXTERNAL GEAR PUMP.mp4 Internal Gear Pump.3gp

Gerotor Motor Vane type Motor


Gerotor Operation.mp4

Axial Piston Motor


SWASH PLATE PISTON PUMP .mp4

a) Rigid pipe: Cast iron, Low carbon steel, Alloy steels, stainless steel, Copper and its alloy, Aluminum and its alloy. b) Flexible hoses : Nylon braided hoses, steel wire reinforced rubber hoses, poly-urethene tubes, Nylon tubes, polyethylene tubes, PVC tubes, polypropylene etc.a)According to strength:

Standard pipe (STD), Extra strong pipe(XS), Double Extra strong Pipe (XXS).


Flexible Hose


a) According to method of sealing: 1. Positive seal: perfect seal, 100 % leak proof. 2. Non- positive seal: allow small amount of leakage.b) According to application: 1. Steel seal : used between mating parts having no relative motion. E.g. sealing between flange, gasket etc. 2. Dynamic seal: used between mating parts with relative motion.E.g. rotary motion seal between pump shaft and casing.a)According to shape configuration:

O-ring, quad-ring, T-ring, V-ring, U-cap, Hat ring etc.

B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof.

Kokare A.Y.

Following are the reason for failure of hydraulic seals.Excessive heat.Excessive load.Excessive clearance.Excessive pressure.Improper fitting.Improper groove gravity.Improper filter rating.Contamination of fluid.Idle storage of sealsAge hardening.Abrasion.


Thank youThank you


Ifp ch. no. 4 intro. to & compon. of pneumatic system

Education

Transcript of Ifp ch. no. 4 intro. to & compon. of pneumatic system