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2007 ckESpf? pmayAdrmefpmrlqk

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a&;ol - Zifrif; (ordefaxm)

tz OD;tkef;? trd a':ESif;wifwdkYrS 1303 ckESpfwGif zsmyHkûrdUe,f? ordefaxm&Gmü arG;zGm;onf/

1967 ckESpfwGif 0dZÆmbGJU &&SdcJhNyD;? taxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;?pDrHcefYcGJa&; 0efxrf;b0jzifh iykawmûrdUe,f? azmifBuD;A[kdjynfolU0efxrf;ausmif;? igef;ZGefûrdUe,f? jrefatmifûrdUe,fESifh ykodrfûrdUwdkYwGifxrf;aqmifcJhonf/

jrefrmh,Ofaus;rI tqkd? tu? ta&;? twD; ûydifyGJrsm;wGiftuJjzwf'kdifcsKyftjzpfvnf;aumif;? A[kdtqifhwGif twD;tuJjzwf'kdiftjzpfvnf;aumif; aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonf/

pmayAdrmefpmrlqkudk 1998 ckESpfwGif ]]tEkynmtvS}}jyZmwfpmrljzifh 'kwd,qk? 1999 ckESpfwGif ]]a&TtarG}} jyZmwfjzifhyxrqk? 2001 ckESpfwGif ]]za,mif;½kyfESifh oHoGef;½kyf}} jyZmwfrsm;jzifh yxrqk&&SdNyD; 2000 jynfhESpftwGuf trsKd;om;pmayqkudk]]a&TtarG}} jyZmwfjzifh &&SdcJhonf/ xdkYtjyif 2002 ckESpfwGif]]qkdif;aemufx}} pmrljzifh ,Ofaus;rI tEkynm pmay wwd,qkESifh]]ol&Jaumif;pdwf"mwf}} jyZmwfrsm;pmrljzifh 'kwd,qk? 2004ckESpftwGuf pmayAdrmefpmrlqkûydifyGJwGif ]]taz tar om;wkdYorD;wkdY}} pmrljzifh jyZmwf wwd,qkudk &&SdcJhonf/

trnf&if; - OD;oef;ñGefY jzpfonf/ae&yfvdyfpm - trSwf 251? pdef0wfrHI (1) vrf;?

trSwf (1) &yfuGuf? jrefatmifûrdU?{&m0wDwkdif;/

2007 ckESpf? 2007 ckESpf? 2007 ckESpf? 2007 ckESpf? 2007 ckESpf? pmayAdrmefpmrlqkpmayAdrmefpmrlqkpmayAdrmefpmrlqkpmayAdrmefpmrlqkpmayAdrmefpmrlqk

jyZmwfpmay 'kwd,qk&

&ifcGifaEG;

Zifrif; (ordefaxm)(ordefaxm)(ordefaxm)(ordefaxm)(ordefaxm)

pDpOfwnf;jzwfol - a':wifarT; (arT;i,fi,f)pmwnf;

rsufESmzHk;yef;csD - nDnD

pmayAdrmefxkwf jynfolUvufpGJpmpOf

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jynfolYoabmxm;

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qef YusifMu/

EdkifiHawmf wnfNidrfat;csrf;a&;ESifh EkdifiHawmf wkd;wuf

a&;udk aESmifh,SufzsufqD;olrsm;tm; qefYusifMu/

EdkifiHawmf\ jynfwGif;a&;udk 0ifa&mufpGufzuf

aESmifh,Sufaom jynfyEdkifiHrsm;tm; qefYusifMu/

jynfwGif; jynfytzsuform;rsm;tm; bHk&efoltjzpf

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2009 ckESpf? yxrtBudrf? tkyfa& - 15002009 ckESpf? yxrtBudrf? tkyfa& - 15002009 ckESpf? yxrtBudrf? tkyfa& - 15002009 ckESpf? yxrtBudrf? tkyfa& - 15002009 ckESpf? yxrtBudrf? tkyfa& - 1500

wefzdk; ( 500 ) usyf

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pmayAdrmef pmwnf;rª;csKyfu

rSwfyHkwiftrSwf (07492) jzifhf ½kdufESdyfí

rSwfykHwiftrSwf (03911) jzifhxkwfa0onf/

EdkifiHa&;OD;wnfcsuf (4) &yf

EkdifiHawmfwnfNidrfa&;? &yf&Gmat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;/

trsKd;om; jyefvnfpnf;vHk;nDñGwfa&;/

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pD;yGm;a&;OD;wnfcsuf (4) &yf

pdkufysKd;a&;udk tajccHí tjcm;pD;yGm;a&; u@rsm;ukdvnf;bufpHkzGHUûzd;wdk;wufatmif wnfaqmufa&;/

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EdkifiHawmf pD;yGm;a&;wpf&yfvHk;ukd zefwD;EdkifrI pGrf;tm;onfEdkifiHawmfESifh wdkif;&if;om;jynfolwdkY\vuf0,fwGif&Sda&;/

vlrIa&;OD;wnfcsuf (4) &yf

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trsKd;*kPf? Zmwd*kPfjrifhrm;a&;ESifh ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfrsm;?trsKd;om;a&;vu©Pmrsm; raysmufysufatmif xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufa&;/

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Zmwfvrf;umvZmwfvrf;umvZmwfvrf;umvZmwfvrf;umvZmwfvrf;umv

1986 ckESpfcefYrS 1997 ckESpfcefYtwGif;

Zmwfvrf;tajccH&ma'oZmwfvrf;tajccH&ma'oZmwfvrf;tajccH&ma'oZmwfvrf;tajccH&ma'oZmwfvrf;tajccH&ma'o

zsmyHkûrdU? uefOD;aus;&GmESifh ywf0ef;usif

rEÅav;ûrdU wkdif;&if;aq;odyÜH

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Zifrif; (ordefaxm)

rmwdumrmwdum

rmwdumrmwdum

rmwdum

tcef;tcef;

tcef;tcef;

tcef;

taMumif;t&mtaMumif;t&m


taMumif;t&m

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tcef; (1) usKHuefacsmif;0 1

tcef; (2) uefOD;aus;&Gm y&[dwa*[m? 4

tdyfaqmif

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tcef; (6) acsmif;0aus;&Gm? &Gmt0ifacsmif;ul;

wHwm;xdyf 36

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q&mBuD;½Hk;cef; 44

tcef; (8) y&[dwa*[mteD; a&qdyf 52

tcef; (9) &Gmxdyf o&ufyifBuD;atmuf 56

tcef; (10) aus;&Gmaq;ay;cef; 59

tcef; (11) y&[dwa*[m ½Hk;cef; 69

tcef; (12) uefOD;&Gm tv,fwef;ausmif;tkyf

q&mBuD;½Hk;cef; 75

tcef; (13) zsmyHkûrdU? uefawmfBuD;

bkd;bGm;&dyfom? ½Hk;cef; 80

tcef; (14) bdk;bGm;&dyfom bGm;aqmif 88

tcef; (15) zsmyHkûrdU? t.x.u (1)? e0rwef;(u)pmoifcef; 92

tcef; (16) bdk;bGm;&dyfom? abmZeaqmif 96

tcef; (17) t.x.u pmMunfhwkduf?

taqmuftODa&SU 103

tcef; (18) t.x.u a&SU ukuúdKyifwef; 107

tcef; (19) zsmyHkûrdU OD;ñGefUodef;\aetdrf 111

tcef; (20) bkd;bGm;&dyfom iSufaysmNcH 117

tcef; (21) bkd;bGm;&dyfom bkd;aqmif 122

tcef; (22) t.x.u a&SU ukuúdKyifwef; 127

tcef; (23) bkd;bGm;&dyfom bGm;aqmif 131

tcef; (24) uefawmfBuD;apmif;wpfae&m 137

tcef; (25) bdk;bGm;&dyfom½Hk;cef; 141

tcef; (26) zsmyHkjrpfurf; tyef;ajzyef;NcH 151

tcef; (27) uefOD;y&[dwa*[m ausmif;a&SUuGif; 159

tcef;tcef;

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tcef;



taMumif;t&m

pmrsufESmpmrsufESm

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tcef; (28) y&[dwa*[m ½Hk;cef; 163

tcef; (29) zsmyHkûrdU OD;ñGefUodef;\aetdrf 168

tcef; (30) usKduúrRrfapwDawmf&ifjyif 174

tcef; (31) rEÅav;ûrdU? wkdif;&if;aq;odyÜH 179

tcef; (32) uefOD;y&[dwa*[m ½Hk;cef; 182

tcef; (33) rEÅav;ûrdU wkdif;&if;aq;odyÜH

ausmif;a&SU 188

tcef; (34) wdkif;&if;aq;odyÜH trsKd;om;aqmif

{nfhawGUcef; 192

tcef; (35) zsmyHk bdk;bGm;&dyfom½Hk;cef; 196

tcef; (36) xef;pOfvS&GmteD; 0gcif;twGif; 203

tcef; (37) xef;pOfvS&Gm udk&mjrifhaetdrf 210

tcef; (38) igef;ZGefûrdU jrefrmhpdkufysKd;a&;vkyfief;?

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tcef; (39) xef;pOfvS&Gm udk&mjrifhaetdrf 223

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tcef; (41) uefOD;y&[dwa*[mausmif;a&SUuGif; 234

tcef; (42) uefOD;y&[dwa*[mteD; a&qdyf 238

tcef;tcef;

tcef;tcef;

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taMumif;t&m

pmrsufESmpmrsufESm

pmrsufESmpmrsufESm

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&ifcGifaEG;&ifcGifaEG;&ifcGifaEG;&ifcGifaEG;&ifcGifaEG;

jyZmwfjyZmwfjyZmwfjyZmwfjyZmwf

yg0ifolrsm;

1/ udk&mjrifh - y&[dwa*[mrª;

2/ tkdufcsKd - y&[dwausmif;om;?&Srf;trsKd;om;av;

3/ rndK0kdif; - tv,fwef;jyq&mr

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udk&mjrifh\ t&if;ESD;qHk;oli,fcsif;

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9/ OD;apmae - aemftJrGef\zcif

10/ rMumwifh - ukd&mjrifh\nDr

11/ apmvlvl - autif(ef),lAdkvf

12/ OD;t*¾ - wkdif;&if;aq;q&mBuD;

13/ aAGqkd;(c)aiGpdk; - y&[dwausmif;om;

14/ ytkd0fhav;(c)crf;nD - y&[dwausmif;om;

15/ OD;xGef;&nf - y&[dwtusKd;aqmif

16/ OD;armifMunf - y&[dwtusKd;aqmif

17/ OD;ñGefYodef; - bkd;bGm;&dyfom Ouú|

18/ a':MuLMuLodef; - OD;ñGefYodef;\nDr? txufwef;jyq&mr

19/ OD;0if;wif - bkd;bGm;&dyfom twGif;a&;rª;

20/ OD;atmif - bkd;bGm;&dyfom a*[mrª;

21/ OD;0if;armif - a&vkyfief;&Sif

22/ auoD0if;armif - OD;0if;armif\orD;? t.x.uausmif;ol

23/ bdk;u&if - bkd;bGm;&dyfomrS bkd;wpfOD;

24/ a':O - bkd;bGm;&dyfomrS bGm;wpfOD;

25/ OD;&D - tv,fwef;jyq&m

26/ OD;wifhvGif - tv,fwef;jyq&m

27/ a':cifEGJU - tv,fwef;jyq&mr

28/ t&D;<u,f - &GmtysKdacgif;

29/ a':rsKd;rsKd; - wkdif;&if;aq;odyÜHqif;q&mr

30/ a':at;at;csKd - wkdif;&if;aq;cef;? vufaxmufwkdif;&if;aq;rª;

31/ pdk;wifh - tkdufcsKd\ ausmif;aezufoli,fcsif;

32/ pHausmfom - tkdufcsKd\ ausmif;aezufoli,fcsif;

33/ Nidrf;Nidrf; - aemftJrGef\ ausmif;aezufoli,fcsif;

34/ apmpHom - wkdif;&if;aq;odyÜH yxrESpfausmif;om;?

bm;tHZmwd

35/ at;Munfr - acsmif;0rS rdef;uav;

36/ - 4if;rdef;uav;\rdcif

37/ - ya,m*q&m

38/ - udk&mjrifh\rdcif

39/ - OD;ñGefUodef;\ZeD;

40/ - wkdif;&if;aq;odyÜH uxduq&mBuD;

41/ - ûrdUe,fynma&;rª;

42/ - t.x.u (1) ausmif;tkyfq&mrBuD;

43/ - t.x.u q&m q&mrrsm;?ausmif;ol ausmif;om;rsm;

44/ - y&[dwa*[maumfrwD0ifrsm;

45/ - y&[dwausmif;om;av;rsm;

46/ - &Sifavmif;vSnfhyGJvkdufygolrsm;

47/ - qGrf;awmfBuD;vSnfhyGJvkdufygolrsm;

48/ - bkd;bGm;&dyfom0efxrf;

49/ - pkdufysKd;a&;½Hk;apmifhBuD;

50/ - xef;pOfvSaus;&GmOuú|

tcef; (1)tcef; (1)

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umv/ 1989 ckESpf

ae&m/ usKHuefacsmif;0?

tcsdef/ naebuf

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rdkk;oufrkefwkdif;usaeonfh o½kyfay:&ef rD;ESifhtoH ponfrsm;jzifh pDpOf&rnf/

vdIif;oH? avoHtMum; pufavSrS pufoHxGufay:ae&rnf/

2 Zifrif; (ordefaxm)

(a&SUzHk;um;zGifh)

(pufavSay:wGif udk&mjrifhu OD;ykdif;wGif? tdkufcsKdutv,fwGif&SdaeNyD; ndKarmifu yJhydkif;wGif pufarmif;aeap/ vdIif;avtMum;wGif tEÅ&m,fBuD;pGm xdef;odrf;armif;ESifaeMu&ap/ um;zGifhNyD; rMumrD puf&yfoGm;ap/wpfûydifwnf;yif ndKarmifxHrS ]]pufysufoGm;NyD}} atmfajymoHxGufay:vmap/)

udk&mjrifh/ (atmf[pfajymqkd) avSmfwufawGudkif avSmfMuavSmfMu ../

(udk&mjrifha&m tkdufcsKdyg avSmfwufwpfckpDqGJxkwfNyD; vdIif;awGMum;rSmyif avSmfcwfaeMuap/ ndKarmifu pufudktpGrf;ukefêud;pm;í EdI;aeap/ vIdif;avtMum; pufavSrSmikyfcsnf ay:csnfjzpfaeNyD; tm;vHk;rSm rdk;avMum;rSmZGJeyJESifh avSmfcwf aeMuap/)

udk&mjrifh/ (atmf[pfajymqkd) raMumufeJY? raMumufeJY ../

tm;ravQmhMueJUa[h/ avSmfMu .. avSmfMu .. urf;bufa&mufvmNyD? tm;ravQmheJY/ a,musfm;uG a,musfm;uG(tkdufcsKdrSm tm;ukefavSmfcwfaeap/ wpfBudrfwGif rwfwwf&yfí tm;pdkufavSmfvkduf&m avStvl;ESifh a&xJokdY ypfusoGm;ap/)

udk&mjrifh + ndKarmif/ [m .. tkdufcsKdusoGm;NyD .../

&ifcGifaEG; 3

(udk&mjrifhonf ajymajymqdkqdk a&xJokdY ckefqif;vkdufap?ndKarmifu avSmfwufudkajy;,lNyD; qufavSmfap/udk&mjrifha&m tkdufcsKdyg a&xJûryfoGm;[efESifh jrifuGif;rSaysmufuG,fNyD; wpfatmifhMumrS jyefay:vm? udk&mjrifhutkdufcsKdudkzufí ul;aeap)

udk&mjrifh/ (a&ul;&if;vSrf;atmf) êud; .. êud; .. êud;ypfvkduf/

(ndKarmif? pufavScsnfêud;ukd vSrf;ypfay;ap/ udk&mjrifhêud;udkqGJudkif? tkdufcsKdudkygzufvsuf tm;ukeful;cwfap/wjznf;jznf;urf;okdY a&mufvmap/ aomifurf;odkY ('l;ydwfokdY) ar;wifrdonfESifh udk&mjrifhu a&rGef;aeaom tkdufcsKdukdxrf;vsuf aomifay: ('l;ydwfa&SUem;) odkY ',D;',dkifESifhavQmufvmNyD; ajcypfvufypf xkdifcsvkdufap/ tkdufcsKdukdûypkap/ ndKarmifuvnf; pufavSay:rS aomifjyifay:('l;ydwfa&SUem;) okdYckefqif;um vIdif;avMum;wGif vl;aeaompufavSudk ukd&mjrifhvufxJrS êud;pudk,lí qGJwifaeap/)

udk&mjrifh/ (arm[kdufvsuf) uJ ndKarmifa& [kd&GmxJuudkyef;atmifwkdYukd oGm;tultnDawmif;uGm/ ig'DrSmtkdufcsKdudk ûypk&if; usefcJhr,f/

ñkdarmif/ [kwfuJh .. [kwfuJh ../ (Zmwfpifvuf,mbufodkYajy;0ifoGm;ap/)

(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)

tcef; (2)tcef; (2)


ae&m/ uefOD;aus;&Gm? y&[dwa*[m? tdyfaqmiftcsdef/ rGef;vGJydkif;

tjyiftqif/ uav;rsm;udkapmifha&Smufxm;aom y&[dwa*[m tdyfaqmiftwGif;ydkif; tjyiftqifjzpfonf/ysOfaxmifeH&Ha&;csuf aemufcHum;&Sd&rnf/ uGyfyspfckwif oHk;av;vHk;cefY (ZmwfpifqHhoavmuf) jrifuGif;wGifxm;&SdNyD; vl&SdonfhckwifrSty tjcm;ckwifrsm;rSmtcif;? acgif;tHk;? apmifwkdY pepfwusyHkpHtwkdif;oyfoyf&yf&yfxm;&Sd&rnf/

(a&SUzHk;um;zGifh)

(15 ESpft&G,f &Srf;vlrsKd; tkdufcsKdonf ckwifay:wGifapmifûcHí tdyfae&mrS)

]],myDudk ,myDudk .. a[mfavmh0dk; - a[mfavmh0dk;..}}[k xyfumxyfuma,mifí atmfajymaeap/)

&ifcGifaEG; 5

(a*[mrª; udk&mjrifhESifh udkwifOD;wdkY Zmwfpifvuf,mbufrS ajy;xGufvmMuap/)

udk&mjrifh/ (tdkufcsKdudk qkyfudkifvsuf) tkdufcsKd.. tkdufcsKd..tkdufcsKd..

udkwifOD;/ ua,mifuwrf;eJY bmawGatmfaewmvJ rodbl;udk&mjrifh/

udk&mjrifh/ ,myDudk - wJh/ a[mfavmh0dk; - wJh/ &Srf;pum;eJYwlw,f ukdwifOD;&JU/

udkwifOD;/ olUtaz? taremrnfawGvm; rodbl;/

ukd&mjrihf/ tkdufcsKd - tkdufcsKd - tkdufcsKd (tkdufcsKd vIyf&Sm;vmap) rif;Ekd;NyDvm;/ acR;awGvnf;xGufvkdY rSef;prf; (ezl;udkprf;&if;) udk,fylawmhusoGm;NyD/

(tkdufcsKd apmifudkcGmNyD; vl;vJxrnfûyap/)

udk&mjrifh/ rxeJY? rxeJYOD;/

tkdufcsKdf/ (&Srf;oH0J0Jjzifh) &w,f rª;q&m- &ygw,f(xxkdifap/)

(xkdpOf? y&[dwOuú| OD;cspfwifESifh jrefrmaq;q&mBuD;OD;t*¾wdkY Zmwfpifvuf0JbufrS xGufvmap/)

udk&mjrifh/ aMomf Ouú|wdkY? q&mBuD;wkdY vmMuyg? vmMuyg--/

OD;cspfwif/ b,fhES,faeao;vJ a*[mrª; . . .


(aq;q&mBuD;u tkdufcsKdudk ezl;ESifh vufaumuf0wfaoG;aMumwkdYudk prf;oyfap/)

aq;q&mBuD;/ rif;aumif;oGm;ygNyD/ udk,fylvnf; usygNyD/uJ acR;&TJaewmawG vJay;vkdufygOD;/

(udkwifOD;ESifh udk&mjrifhwkdYu tkdufcsKd\ tusÐukd cRwfay;&efûyap/)

tkdufcsKd/ &ygw,fq&m? uRefawmfhbmomcRwfygr,f/ (rdrdbmomcRwfap/)

(udk&mjrifhu ajc&if;&SdaowåmxJrS tusÐtopfxkwfay;&if;ar;ap/)

udk&mjrifh/ a[h tkdufcsKd rif;ckewkef;u tdyf&if;eJY a,mifNyD;atmfaewm bmawGajymaewmvJuGm/ ,myDukdwJh?aemufNyD; bmwJh . . .

ukdwifOD;/ a[mfavmh0dk;wJh/

udk&mjrifh/ tif; tif; tJ'D ,myDudkqkdwmeJY a[mfavmh0dk;qdkwmrif;rdb&JU &Srf;emrnfawGvm;/

tkdufcsKd/ (tusÐvJ0wf&if;) aMomf tJwmvdk atmfrdwmvm;/

udk&mjrifh/ at; tJ'DvkdyJ wkdYMum;vdkY0ifvmwm/

tkdufcsKd/ pufavSepfwmudk tdyfrufrufwm/ tJ'Dwkef;urª;q&mu ]]raMumufeJY raMumufeJY avSmfMu avSmfMu}}vkdY atmfajymcJhwmav/ tJwmudk em;xJpGJNyD; uRefawmf

&ifcGifaEG; 7

tdyfrufxJrSm atmfaewmjzpfrSm/

udkwifOD;/ aMomf . . &Srf;pum;eJY atmfrdwmaygh [kwfvm;/

tkdufcsKd/ [kwfrSmaygh raMumufeJYqdkwmu &Srf;vdk ,myDudk/a[mfavmh0dk;;qdkwmuawmh avSavSmfwm/

tm;vHk;/ aMomf .. aMomf .. 'Dvkdudk;/

(aq;q&mBuD;u vG,ftdwfxJrS aq;ykvif;udkxkwfNyD;tkdufcsKdudk wkduf&ef jyifqifap/)

OD;cspfwif/ &Srf;pum;u cspfp&maumif;om;? a[h- tkdufcsKd-xrif;udk &Srf;vdk b,fvkdac:ovJ/

tkdufcsKd/ acguf . .

OD;cspfwif/ [if;udka&m/

tkdufcsKd/ zwf . .

OD;cspfwif/ xrif;pm;NyD;yvm;qdk&if b,fvdkajymrvJ/

tkdufcsKd/ Muifacgufa,muf[m; . .

OD;cspfwif/ rpm;ao;bl;qkd&ifaum/

tkdufcsKd/ rydkifMuif . .

OD;cspfwif/ (wpfpHkwpfckudk awG;rdNyD;) [m .. &Gmawmifzsm;u]]ykdifMuif}} qkdwJhaumifrav;[m xrif;rpm;ao;cifarG;vkdY 'DemrnfrSnfhwmxifw,f .. [m; .. [m; ..[m;/


(tm;vHk;&,farmMuap/)

(tkdufcsKdudk aq;q&mBuD;u aq;wkdufap/)

udkwifOD;/ tkdufcsKdu toufi,fayr,fh raysmhbl;/ wcsKdUuav;awGqkd&if 'DvkdBuD;BuD;us,fus,fjzpfoGm;&ifbHk;bHk;vJoGm;rSm/

udk&mjrifh/ [m- tkdufcsKdu pdwf"mwfvnf; raysmhbl;/ vIdif;avMum;xJrSm raMumufr&GHUeJU tJ'Dvkd ab;'ku© tcuftcJawGudk BuHUBuHUcH &ifqkdifwwfwJhpdwf"mwf[m &Sm;w,fAs/

tkdufcsKd/ rª;q&mu avSxdyfrSm rm;rm;BuD;&yfNyD;vkyfaeawmhuRefawmfvnf; tm;wufwmaygh/

udk&mjrifh/ tcuftcJawGU&if pkpkpnf;pnf;eJU ajz&Sif;&ifatmifjrifw,fqkdwm tkdufcsKd vufawGUoifcef;pm &oGm;NyDfaygh/

tkdufcsKd/ [kwfuJhyg rª;q&m/

OD;cspfwif/ a*[mrª;eJY ndKarmifwkdY tkdufcsKdwkdY oHk;a,mufudkrkefwkdif;Mum;u &JoHk;azmfvdkY emrnfay;oifhw,f/ wpf&GmvHk;u csD;usL;aeMuw,fav/

udkwifOD;/ y&[dwa*[mtwGuf toufpGefYNyD; qeftvªcHcJh&wJhc&D;pOfvkdY rSwfwrf;wif&rSmaygh/

udk&mjrifh/ usKHuefu pkaygif;vªvkdufwJh qeftdwfq,ftdwfuawmh a&pdkukefNyD/

&ifcGifaEG; 9

udkwifOD;/ 'guvnf; tajcmufvSef;NyD; jyefoHk;vkdY&wmyJav/qHk;½HI;roGm;wm a*[mrª;wkdYoHk;a,muf&JU pGrf;&nfaMumifhr[kwfbl;vm;/

udk&mjrifh/ tkdufcsKdav;udk jrefjrefusef;rmatmif ukay;wJhtwGufaq;q&mBuD; OD;t*¾udk aus;Zl;wifygw,f q&mBuD;&,f/

OD;t*¾/ aus;Zl;wifp&m rvkdygbl; a*[mrª;&,f/

udk&mjrifh/ tkd .. nuqkd q&mBuD; 'DrSm wpfnvHk;vdkvdkyJav/awmf½Hkwef½HkapwemeJY [kd&Gmajrmufzsm;uaevmNyD;awmhudk,fzd&ifzd vkyfyghrvm;/ q&mBuD;u touft&G,feJUrvkdufatmif vlemtay:xm;wJhapwemu BuD;rm;vSygayw,f/

OD;cspfwif/ tif; ... uRefawmfwkdY&Gmu ûrdUeJUtvSrf;uGmawmhusef;rma&;udpöudk q&mBuD;OD;t*¾udkyJ tm;udk;aeMu&wm/ q&mBuD;t&G,faxmufvmawmh q&mBuD;&JU jrefrmwkdif;&if;aq;tarGudk qufcHEkdifr,fhvl vkdvmNyDaemf/

OD;t*¾/ tif;- [kwfyg&JU? uRefawmf arG;xm;wmuvnf;rdef;uav;awG jzpfaew,fAsm/

OD;cspfwif/ uJ- a*[mrª;vnf; em;ygOD;Asm/ uRefawmfwkdYy&[dw a*[m apmifha&Smufa&;tzGJUtpnf;ta0; eufjzefac:xm; ygw,f/ NyD;cJhwJh a*[mrª;wkdY êuHqHkcJh&wJhrkefwkdif;c&D; tawGUtêuHeJUqufpyfNyD; n§dEIdif;Mu&wmaygh/tkdufcsKdav; vnf; aeaumif;NyD r[kwfvm;/


tkdufcsKd/ [kwf ... [kwfuJh/

OD;cspfwif/ tif; ... tckawmh qefûywfyJwkdufw,f r[kwfvm;/ acgufzwfjyefpm;Ekdif&if rif; ... ausmif;jyefwufEkdifrSmyg/

udkwifOD;/ Ouú|BuD;- acgufzwfpm;w,fqkdwmbmvJ/ acgufqGJudk ajymwmvm;/

OD;cspfwif/ udkwifOD;uvnf; rrSwfrdyJudk;/ &Srf;vkdajymwmAs/acgufqdkwm xrif;? zwfqkdwm [if;avAsm/ ckeutkdufcsKdajymwmav/ acgufzwfqdkwm xrif;eJU[if; ayghAs[m; [m;/

udkwifOD;/ [m; [m; [m; acgufzwf? acgufzwf/

(tm;vHk;&,farmMuNyD; jyef&efjyifqifMuap/)

(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)

tcef; (3)tcef; (3)


ae&m/ uefOD;&Gm y&[dwa*[m ½Hk;cef;

tcsdef/ aeYv,fydkif;

tjyiftqif/ ysOfaxmifeH&Ha&;csuf aemufcHum;&Sd&rnf/ eH&Hay:wGif y&[dwa*[mapmifha&Smufa&;tzGJU aumfrwD0ifrsm;pm&if;? y&[dwa*[m\ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;?pnf;urf;csufrsm;udk pepfwus a&;xm;&rnf/

eH&Htv,fem;avmufwGif Soft Board jzifh y&[dwausmif;om;rsm; trnfpm&if;udk ay:vGifatmif csdwfqGJxm;&rnf/

pnf;a0;pm;yGJ&SnfwpfvHk;ESifh xkdifcHkrsm;&Sd&rnf/

(a&SUzHk;um;zGifh)

(y&[dwa*[mapmifha&Smufa&;Ouú| OD;cspfwif? 'k-Ouú|OD;wifOD;ESifh aumfrwD0if (5) OD; (oufBuD;? oufvwfoifhovkd ta&twGuf) pnf;a0;pm;yGJ&SnfwGif ae&m,líxdkifvsuf&Sdap/)


(um;zGifhonfESifh a*[mrª; ukd&mjrifhESifh ñkdarmifwkdY Zmwfpifvuf0JbufrSxGufvmNyD; xdkifcHkvGwfrsm;wGif ae&m,lap/)

(udk&mjrifhu rxdkifbJ pwifajymap/)

udk&mjrifh/ 'Dtpnf;ta0;yGJrSm aumfrwD0ifr[kwfayr,fhy&[dwa*[m&JU taxGaxGtusKd;o,faqmifaewJharmifñkdarmifudkyg wufckdif;ygqkdvkdY uRefawmf armifñkdarmifudk ac:cJhygNyD/ uRefawmfwkdY uefOD;y&[dwa*[mapmifha&Smufa&;tzGJU ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0; pwifrSmjzpfygw,f/ apmifha&Smufa&;tzGJUrSm aumfrwD0if (11)OD; &Sdonfhteuf tck (9) OD; wufa&mufNyD; usef (2)OD;uawmh c&D;vGefaevdkY ysufuGufjcif;jzpfygw,f/'gaMumifh apmifha&Smufa&;tzGJU Ouú|BuD;u trSmpum;ajymMum;&if; tpnf;ta0;udk OD;aqmifusif;yay;yg&efyefMum;tyfygw,f/ (xkdifap/)

OD;cspfwif/ (xíajym) vGefcJhwJh (3) &ufu a*[mrª;wdkYawGrkefwkdif;tEÅ&m,fESifh êuHcJh&wJhudpöudkrlwnfNyD; tckvkdta&;ay:tpnf;ta0; usif;y&jcif;jzpfygw,f/ tm;vHk;vnf; 'Dudpöod&SdMuNyD; jzpfygw,f/ uRefawmfwkdY y&[dwa*[m apmifha&Smufa&;tzGJU&JU twGif;a&;rª;jzpfwJh a*[mrª;udk&mjrifh- y&[dwtusKd;aqmif armifndKarmifESifh a*[muausmif;om;av; tkdufcsKdwkdY usKHuef&GmrSm y&[dwtwGuf tvª&&Sdpkaqmif;xm;wJh qef (10) tdwfudk

&ifcGifaEG; 13

pufavSeJY oGm;o,fMuwm tjyef yifv,fuae acsmif;xJ0ifcgeD; rdk;oufaveJYawGUNyD; tEÅ&m,fudk oufpGefYqHzsm;&ifqkdifcJhMu&ygw,f/ olwkdY pGrf;pGrf;wrH êud;yrf;MuvdkYvlrao? ypönf;rqHk;½HI;&wmyg/ jzpfNyD; aemuf&ufrSmyJûrdUudk uRefawmfudk,fwkdifoGm;NyD; oufqkdif&m tzGJUtpnf;rsm;udkvnf;wifjy? q&mawmfbk&m;udkvnf; tao;pdwfavQmufxm;NyD; ñTefMum;rIcH,lcJhygw,f/ q&mawmfBuD;udk,fwkdifyJ uRefawmfeJYtwl jyefvdkufvmrvkdY jyifqifao;w,f/ usef;rma&;udkiJhNyD; uRefawmfuyJ rvkdufygeJYbk&m;?tm;vHk;tqifajyatmif pDpOfyghr,fqkdNyD; avQmufcJh&w,f/q&mawmfBuD;u txyfxyftcgcgcsD;usL;NyD; *kPfûypum;awG yg;vkdufygw,f/ 'Dtpnf;ta0;rSm q&mawmfrSmMum;csufrsm;tjyif vkyfoifhvkyfxkdufwmrsm;udk aqG;aEG;qHk;jzwfMuzkdY jzpfygw,fcifAsm;/ (jyefxkdifap/)

udk&mjrifh/ (xajym) tck EkdifiHawmfNidrf0yfydjym;rIwnfaqmufa&;tzGJY wyfrawmftpdk;&vufxufrSm aus;&GmtkyfpkjynfolUaumifpDtpm; aus;&Gmtkyfpk Nidrf0yfydjym;rIwnfaqmufa&;tzGJUudk zGJUpnf;wm0efay;&mrSm uRefawmfwkdY a*[mapmifha&Smufa&;tzGJU Ouú|jzpfwJh OD;wifOD;[maus;&Gmtkyfpk Nidrf0yfydjym;rIwnfaqmufa&;tzGJU Ouú|tjzpf rMumcifuyJ wm0efay;cH&wmrdkY tck 'Dtpnf;ta0;rSm y&[dwa*[m 'k-Ouú| taeeJUa&m? &0wOuú|taeeJUyg wufa&mufjcif;jzpfwJhtwGuf vkddtyfwm


rsm;udk trSmpum;ajymzdkY yefMum;ygw,f/ (jyefxkdifap/)

OD;wifOD;/ (xajym) uRefawmf &0wOuú| jzpfvmayr,fhy&[dwa*[m&JU wm0efudkawmh ,ciftwkdif;yJ ausyGefatmif qufvufaqmif&GufoGm;rSmyg/ bmaMumifhvJqdkawmY 'Dy&[dwa*[mudk y&[dwq&mawmfBuD; 1960rSm pwifwnfaxmifuwnf;u Ouú| OD;cspfwifwkdYuRefawmfwkdYwpfawG[m trmcH'umawGjzpfcJhygw,f/rdbrJhuav; ckepffq,fausmfudk pwifûypkwm0ef,lcJh&muae tck 29 ESpfwmumvrSm rdbrJhuav;awG vufcHEdkifwJhOD;a& wpf&mausmftxd wkd;wufvmcJhygNyD/ tdyfaqmifawGvnf; wpfaqmifuae oHk;aqmifjzpfvmw,f/pmMunfhaqmif? aq;ay;cef; pojzifh wkd;wufvmcJhygNyD/EkdifiHawmf&JU vlrI0efxrf;Xmeu yHhydk;axmufyHhay;ovdkuRefawmfwkdY &yf&GmjynfolawG&JU tvª'geawGaMumifhtbufbufu wkd;wufvmcJhwm tm;vHk;todygyJ/y&[dwO,smOfeJY "edyifwpfaxmif[m y&[dwa*[ma&&SnfwnfwHhzdkYtwGuf &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIjzpfovdk ]]apwem}}qefpuf[m uav;awGudk aeYpOfauR;arG;p&dwf wpfzufwpfvrf;u &SmazGay;aewJhvkyfief;jzpfygw,f/ 'gawG[m 29 ESpfwmtwGif; q&mawmfBuD;&JU euf½dIif;wJharwåm? u½kPm? uRefawmfwkdYapmifha&Smufa&;tzGJU&JUwm0efausyGefrI? &Gmol&Gmom;awG&JU xufoefwJh o'¨gw&m;awGaMumifhyJ jzpfygw,f/ 'Dvdkwdk;wuf atmifjrifae

&ifcGifaEG; 15

wJh y&[dwvkyfief;BuD;[m uRefawmfwkdY&yf&Gma'o&JU*kPfudkvnf;aqmifw,fqkdwm txl;ajymp&m rvdkygbl;/'gaMumifh uRefawmfwkdYwpfawG[m 'Dy&[dw a*[mBuD;qxufxrf;ydk; wdk;wufcdkifrmatmif vkyfMur,fvkdYtcdkiftrmcH,lMuzkdY wkdufwGef;ygw,f/

tcktcg q&mawmfBuD;taeeJU zsmyHkûrdUay:rSmoDwif;oHk;NyD; bkd;bGm;&dyfomwpfckay:xGufa&;udkaqmif&GufaewmjzpfvkdY 'D&GmrSm&SdaeMuwJh uRefawmfwkdYa*[mapmifha&Smufa&;tzGJU0ifawG[m ydkNyD;wm0ef&Sdw,fqkdwm owdxm;zkdYvkdygr,fcifAsm;/

'Dtpnf;ta0;rSm aqG;aEG;oHk;oyfp&mrsm;udk usefwJhapmifha&Smufa&;tzGJU0ifawGuvnf; aqG;aEG;ay;MuygOD;/a*[mrª;uvnf; qHk;jzwfzdkY&SdwmawGudk wifjyn§dEdIif;ay;zkdYvkdygw,f/ (xkdifap/)

udk&mjrifh/ (xajym) tcktzGJU0ifrsm; aqG;aEG;ajymqkdMu&mrSmawmh vGwfvGwfvyfvyfyJ xkdifNyD;ajymqdkEkdifMuygw,fcifAsm;/

oufBuD;aumfrwD0ifwpfOD;/ uRefawmfwkd Y &yf&Gma'orSmqif;&JEGrf;yg;wJh awmifolv,form;trsm;pk&JU rSDckdtm;xm;&m[mjzifh 'Dy&[dwa*[mBuD;jzpfygw,f/tckvkd y&[dwa*[m ray:aygufcifu v,fqif;csdefawGrSm ûypkauR;arG;zkdY tcuftcJ&SdaewJh awmifol


v,form;awG&JU&ifaoG; oHk;av;ESpf&G,fuav;awGudkq&mawmfBuD;u olUausmif;rSmac:NyD; ûypkay;&muaey&[dwa*[m tpysKd;cJhwmyg/ aemufawmh 'Da'owpf0dkufomru q&mawmfBuD;eJY tquftpyf&Sd&m &Srf;?ytkdY0f? u,m;? u&if? &ckdif pwJhjynfe,fawGu rdbrJhuav;awGyg a&mufvmNyD; ckdvHIMuwmygyJ/ uRefawmfwkdYv,form;awGu pyg;ay:csdef wpftdrfudk qefwpfcJGEIef;eJY ig;yd? ig;ajcmuf tvªcHNyD;pwifcJhwJh y&[dwvkyfief;BuD;yg/

oufvwfaumfrwD0ifwpfOD;/ tck y&[dwa*[mpHerlemaMumifhyJ &GmxJrSm rdef;uav;rsm;twGuf pufcsKyfoifwef;awmif tpysKd;EkdifaeNyDav/

oufBuD;aumfrwD/ 'gaMumifh 'DvkdrGefjrwfwJh y&[dwvkyfief;BuD; t&SnfwnfwHhzdkYeJY wkd;wufzkdYtwGuf uRefawmfwkdYvkdvlBuD;awGae&mrSm vlvwfykdif;? vli,fykdif;wkdYvnf; yg0ifzkdYvdkygw,f/

oufvwfydkif;aumfrwD0ifwpfOD;/ [kwfygw,f/ 'gaMumifhvnf; ckvkd uRefawmfwdkYtaeeJY aumfrwD0ifawGjzpfvm&mrSm tm;wJhtcsdefwkdif; 'Dudkvmjzpfatmif êud;pm;Muygw,f/

OD;cspfwif/ vli,fawG&JUpGrf;tm;udk tav;xm; todtrSwfûywJhtaeeJU 'DESpfydkfif;rSm armifndKarmifudk vufaxmufa*[mrª; cefYygao;w,f/ 'gayrJh armifndKarmifu

&ifcGifaEG; 17

vufrcHcJhygbl;/

ndKarmif/ uRefawmfu uRefawmfhtpfr q&mr a':ndK0dkif;eJUtwl 'D&Gmudkvkdufae&if;eJU tm;wJhtcgwkdif; y&[dwa*[mudkvmvmNyD; tvkyfawGvkyfay;aewm rSefygw,f/'gayrJh tpfru 'D&GmrSm tNrJae&csifrS ae&rSmav/'gaMumifh vufaxmufa*[mrª;awmh rvkyfyg&apeJUcifAsm;/ a*[mtvkyfawGawmh êuHovdk vkyfay;rSmygcifAsm;/

OD;wifOD;/ q&mrav; a':ndK0dkif; 'D&Gmudk tv,fwef;jyq&mrb0eJUa&mufvmwm ausmif;twGuf tm;wpfckjzpfovkd y&[dwa*[mtwGufvnf; rif;[m tiftm;wpfckygyJuGm/ rif;u y&[dwpufavSvnf;armif;ay;w,f/ tcsuftûywfvnf;&w,f/ EIwfuvnf;csKd?aygif;oif;qufqHa&;uvnf;aumif;awmh y&[dwtwGuf tvª&SifawG cP cP&w,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkYrif;udk ]]y&tusKd;aqmif armifndKarmif}} vkdY ac:&r,fuG/

ndKarmif/ y&tusKd;aqmif armifndKarmif r[kwfygbl;/[dka,mif 'Da,mif armifndKarmifygcifAsm;/ (tm;vHk;p&,farmMuap/)

OD;cspfwif/ b,fu [kda,mif 'Da,mif&rSmvJuG/ rif;uwu,fhy&[dwpdwfeJU tusKd;aqmifaewJhvlyguGm/


ndKarmif/ wu,fawmh uRefawmfhtpGrf;csnf;yJ r[kwfygbl;cifAs/ a*[mrª; tpfudk&JUpdwf"mwfawG uRefawmfhqDukdul;pufvmwmyg/

udk&mjrifh/ (&,farmvsuf) rif;&JUADZudku aumif;vkdYyguGm/

OD;cspfwif/ tif; ... uRefawmfwkdY y&[dwa*[m&JU atmifjrifrI ratmifjrifrI[m a*[mrª;tay:rSm tawmfwnfygw,f/ yGifhyGifhvif;vif;ajym&r,fqkd&if q&mawmfBuD;&JUtpDtrHeJU vGefcJhwJh 6 ESpfavmufu tnmom; udk&mjrifh'Dudka&mufvm? a*[mrª;wm0ef,lcJhwJhtcsdefupNyD;a*[m&JU wkd;wufrI[m ydkNyD;touf0ifvmovkd awGU&ygw,f/ yxrxrf;aqmifoGm;wJh a*[mrª;awGvnf;aumif;ygw,f/ 'gayrJh udk&mjrifhuawmh toufyifi,faomfvnf; aygif;oif;qufqHa&;aumif;vdkY a*[mtwGuf trsm;BuD;taxmuftuljzpfw,f/ y&[dwausmif;om;awGudkvnf; aumif;aumif;xdef;Ekdifw,f/OD;aqmifEdkifw,f/ wpfaeYuêuHcJhwJh rkefwkdif;Mum;utjzpftysufrSmqkd&if udk&mjrifh&JU acgif;aqmifrIpdwf"mwf?udk,fusKd;pGefUrI pdwf"mwfwkdY[m xifxif&Sm;&Sm;ay:vGifcJhygw,f/ armifndKarmifa&myJ/ 'gaMumifh q&mawmfBuD;utxyfxyftcgcg csD;usL;vkdufygw,f/

udk&mjrifh/ rkefwkdif;Mum;u oufpGefUqHzsm;êuHcJh&wm uRefawmfhtzdkU tusKd;tjrwfwpfck&cJhygw,f/ 15 ESpfom;yJ&Sdao;wJh ausmif;om;av;tkdufcsKd&JU pdwf"mwfeJU pGrf;&nfudk

&ifcGifaEG; 19

prf;oyfovkdjzpfoGm;ygw,f/ rdbrJh &Srf;uav;tkdufcsKdukd uRefawmfowdxm;rdwmMumygNyD/ olU&JUpdwf"mwfuav;aumif;vdkY ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifwm0efudk ay;cJhygw,f/ wcsKdUausmif;om; wpfa,mufp ESpfa,mufpuawmh remvdkwmav;awG&Sdw,f/ tif; ... y&[dwausmif;om;awG trsm;BuD;qkdawmhvnf; rwpf&mom;uav;awGyJav/ vltrsKd;rsKd;aygh/ renf;tkyfcsKyf&wmaygh/ [dk ... rkefwdkif;aeYrSmawmh (cPqkdif;NyD;rSqufajym)&Srf;av;tkdufcsKd&JU pdwf"mwfeJU pGrf;&nfudk vufawGUod&NyD;uRefawmfh&JU vla&G;cs,frI rSefoGm;wmayghcifAsm;/

trsm;/ [kwfy ... [kwfy 'Dvkduav;rsKd;&Sm;ygw,f/

udk&mjrifh/ uRefawmfwkdY a*[mapmifha&Smufa&;tzGJUtaeeJU 'Dvdkuav;rsKd;awG ay:xGufvmatmif ûypkysKd;axmifay;oifhygw,f/ 'grS uRefawmfwkdY&JUaemufydkif;rSm y&[dwwm0efudk ycHk;ajymif;wm0ef ,lEkdifr,fhvlawG&SdvmrSm/ uRefawmfwkdY toufBuD;&if olwkdYvkdvlawGu uRefawmfwkdYae&m0if,lEkdif&r,fAs/

udkwifOD;/ tkd ... udk&mjrifhu b,favmufrsm;toufBuD;ao;vkdYvJ vlysKdBuD;&m/ cifAsm;eJU uRefawmf toufwlawGyJ tckrS 28 ESpf r[kwfbl;vm; uRefawmfuomrESpfwpfESpfu tdrfaxmifusoGm;vdkY 0gBuD;aewm/

oufvwfydkif;aumfrwD0ifwpfOD;/ vlysKdBuD; a*[mrª;u ycHk;ajymif;wm0efawG bmawGajymaewm r½dk;bl;xifw,f


udkwifOD;&JU tnmudkjyefcsifNyDvm;rodbl;/ tnmom;vlysKdBuD; 'D&GmrSmNrJatmif wpfckckawmh vkyfMurSyJ/

trsm;/ [kwfw,f ... [kwfw,f (&,farmMuap/)

udk&mjrifh/ tnmrjyefygbl;Asm/ y&[dw&ifaoG;av;awG&JUoHa,mZOfêud; uRefawmfhudk &pfywfcsnfaESmifxm;ygNyDcifAsm;/

(xvkdufNyD;ajym) uJ .. aqG;aqG;aEG;aEG; n§dEdIif;NyD;Mu&ifqHk;jzwfp&mudpöav;awG qHk;jzwfzdkU&Sdygw,f/ Ouú|BuD;uyJ OD;aqmifaqG;aEG;ay;ygcifAsm;/

OD;cspfwif/ (xajym) yxrtcsufuawmh usKHuef&GmrSm qeftvªcHa&;udpöjzpfygw,f/ usKHuefudkoGm;&wm yifv,fxJuqkd tEÅ&m,f&SdNyD;? acsmif;wGif;ydkif;u oGm;r,fqkdvnf; a0;vkdY aemufydkif;rSm usKHuefutvª&Sifrsm;uyJykdUaqmifay;zkdU arwåm&yfcHoifhygw,f/ q&mawmfBuD;uvnf; usKHuefu 'umawGudk vSrf;ajymr,fvdkY rdefUygw,f/

trsm;/ 'DvkdyJ vkyfoifhygw,f/

OD;cspfwif/ (xvsufqufajym) aemufwpfcsufuawmh rkefwdkif;rdvdkY a&pdkukefwJhqefawGudpöygyJ/ uRefawmfwkdY a*[mrª;wkdYqefawGudkppfMunfhNyD; csufcsif;csufûywfEkdifwJh qefawGudkcsufvkdufygw,f/ usefwmawGudkawmh rkefUvkyfwJhvlawGudk &GmeD;csKyfpyfyg cGJa0a&mif;csvdkufNyD; a*[maiGpm&if;

&ifcGifaEG; 21

xJ xnfhygw,f/ tJ'Dvkd ta&;ay:aqmif&Gufvkduf&wmudk oabmwl rwl aqG;aEG;ay;Muyg/ (jyefxkdif)

trsm;/ [m ... oabmwlygw,f/

'DvkdyJ vkyfoifhwmaygh/

tcsdefrDvkyfvkdufwm aumif;ygw,f/

Mum&ifysufpD;ukefrSmaygh/

udk&mjrifh/ (xajym) 'DqHk;jzwfcsufESpf&yfudk tpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf;wifygr,fcifAsm;/ uJ . . . 'DaeUusif;ywJhuefOD;y&[dwa*[m apmifha&Smufa&;tzGJU ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0; 'DrSmwif NyD;qHk;ygNyD cifAsm;/

(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)

tcef; (4)tcef; (4)


ae&m/ y&[dwa*[m? ausmif;a&SUuGif;

tcsdef/ eHeuf (7) em&DcefY

tjyiftqif/ y&[dw½Hk;cef;ESifh ab;wpfzufwpfcsufwGifa*[mtaqmifrsm; a&SUjrifa&;csuf aemufcHum;&Sd&rnf/ 4if;a&SUwnfhwnfhwGif tvHwkdif&Sd&rnf/ tvHwkdifa&SUem;wGif cHkjrifhwpfck&Sd&rnf/

(a&SUzHk;um;zGifh)

(y&[dwausmif;om;av;rsm; tpk (4) pk? toif;(4) oif; wef;pDxm;&rnf/ tpkwdkif;\a&SUwGif toif;acgif;aqmifwpfa,mufpD&SdNyD;? acgif;aqmif 4 a,mufa&SUem;wGif ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif tkdufcsKd&yfae&rnf/toif;tpk toD;oD;wef;pD&mwGifvnf; toufBuD;pOfi,fvdkuf wef;pDMu&rnf/ tpdrf;Eka&mif wlnD0wfpHkrsm;0wfqifxm;&rnf/ 4if;wkdYonf y&dowfudk aemufausmay; wef;pDvsuf&dSNyD; ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh rsufESmcsif;qkdif

&ifcGifaEG; 23

tvHwkdifa&SU cHkjrifhay:wGif a*[mrª; udk&mjrifh rwfwwf&yf pum;ajymvsuf &Sdap/)

udk&mjrifh/ pnf;urf;azmufwmav;awGawGU&vkdY 'DaeUreufwef;pDvlppf tvHtav;ûyNyD;csdefrSm rª;q&m rif;wkdYudkpum;ajymp&m&Sdw,f/ aoaocsmcsmem;axmifMu/

uav;wkdY[m rdbr&SdvkdY ckdudk;&mrJhvkdY 'Dy&[dwa*[mudk a&mufvmMuw,f/ a&mufvmorQudk y&[dwa*[mu aezdkUpDpOfay;w,f/ t0wftpm;ay;w,f/xrif;auR;w,f/ rusef;rm&if aq;ukay;w,f/uav;wkdY vlcRefvlaumif;jzpfvmzkdY ynmoifay;w,f/tJ'Dvkduav;wkdY pm;0wfaea&;? ynma&;? usef;rma&;twGuf q&mawmfBuD;eJUwuG a*[mapmifha&Smufa&;tzGJU0ifawG[m tvªaiGawG? &efyHkaiGawG &SmazGMu&w,f/apwemxm; tyifyef;cHNyD; vkyfMu&w,f/ 'Dawmhumuav;wkdif;tm;vHk; a*[m&JUaus;Zl;udk odwwf&r,f[kwfvm;/

uav;rsm;/ [kwfygw,f cifAsm/

udk&mjrifh/ aus;Zl;odwwfw,fqdkwmuvnf; uav;wkdYuaiGaMu;&SmNyD; ay;zkdYr[kwfygbl;/ a*[mu csrSwfwJhpnf;urf;rsm;udk vkdufem&if aus;Zl;odwwfwmeJU twlwlyJuG/ tJ'Dpnf;urf;awGudk rif;wdkY taqmifawGrSmxifxif&Sm;&Sm; a&;ay;xm;w,fr[kwfvm;/



udk&mjrifh/ wu,fawmh 'Dpnf;urf;awGqkdwmuvnf; uav;wkdYwpfawG tusifhpm&dwåaumif;wJhuav;awGjzpfzdkUvlawmfvlaumif;awG vl&nfcRefav;awGjzpfzkdU csrSwfxm;wmjzpfw,f/ rif;wkdYtckvkd reufwkdif; toif;vkdufwef;pD? vlppf? EkdifiHawmftvHudk tav;ûyvkyfckdif;wmuvnf; vltrsm;eJUpkaygif;vkyfwwfzkdY? y&[dwqkdwJh trsm;tusKd;o,fydk;wwfatmif? EkdifiHhom;aumif;awGjzpfatmif?avhusifhay;aewmjzpfw,f/ uav;wkd Ytm;vHk;udk]]ocifzdk;vSBuD;}} ]]Adkvfatmifausmf}} ]]Adkvfatmifqef;}}]]q&mpH}} qkdwJh toif;av;oif;cGJxm;w,f/ a*[m&JUt"duvkyfief;BuD;av;&yfjzpfwJh pm;aomufa&;wm0ef?a&cyfa&;wm0ef? pdkufysKd;a&;wm0ef? oefY&Sif;a&;wm0efudktoif;av;oif;u wpfaeUwpfrsKd; vSnfhNyD;wm0ef,lzkdYtwGuf ]]puf0kdif;Z,m;eJU}} pepfwuspDpOfxm;w,f/'Dvkdcsufûywf&wm? a&cyf&wm? pkdufysKd;&wm? oefU&Sif;&wmuvnf; uav;wkdYtusKd;twGuf r[kwfbl;vm;/


udk&mjrifh/ uav;wkdYtm;vHk; reuf (5) em&D tdyf&mx?udk,fvufoefY&Sif;NyD; (6) em&DrSm bk&m;0wfûyMuw,f/(6) em&DrSm tckvkd wef;pD? vlppf? tvHtav;ûy?usef;rma&;avhusifhcef;vkyfw,f/ (7) em&DrSm oifcef;pm

&ifcGifaEG; 25

awGvkyfw,f/ (9) em&DrSm xrif;pm;NyD; ausmif;wuf/tpdk;&tv,fwef;ausmif;qdkwmuvnf; 'Dausmif;0dkif;BuD;xJrSm zGifhxm;wmqkdawmh ta0;BuD;yifyifyef;yef;oGm;zkdYrvkdbl;/

naeausmif;qif;awmh tm;upm;vkyf? (5) em&DrSmnaepmpm;? n (7) em&DrSm bk&m;0wfwuf? NyD;pmusuf? n (9) em&DrSm tdyf&m0if . . . tJ'DvkdtcsdefrSefrSefvkyfae&wm b,favmufaysmfp&m aumif;ovJ/ tm;vyfwJhudk,fykdifcsdefrSm aqG;rsKd;om;csif;awGeJUawGUEkdifw,f/ vl&,fvdkYjzpfvm&if tcsdefwdwdususpnf;urf;wdwdusus vIyf&Sm;wwf&w,f/ 'grS wefzdk;&SdwJh vlcRefvlaumif;wGjzpfvmr,f ..udkif;.. pnf;urf;eJUywfoufvkdY q&mawmfBuD;u uav;wkdYudk EIwfwkdufoifay;xm;wJh uAsmav;awGxJu wcsKdUudk rª;q&muta&SUykd'fudk wkdifay;r,f/ rif;wkdYu aemufydk'fudk qufqkdMu . . .

ausmif;wuf ausmif;qif; tcsif;csif;

uav;rsm;/ ab;apmif;wkdufjcif; a&Smifygrif;/

udk&mjrifh/ rkom;oHk;jcif; ausmif;om;csif;

uav;rsm;/ acsmufwGef;wkdufjcif; a&Smifygrif;/

ukd&mjrifh/ pum;aomhzsif; avSmifajymifjcif;

uav;rsm;/ [m;wkduf&,fjcif; a&Smifygrif;/


udk&mjrifh/ a&omckd&if; tcsdefûzef;&if;

uav;rsm;/ pmtHysuf,Gif; a&Smifygrif;/

udk&mjrifh/ tdyfcef;aqmifwGif; ajy;vTm;&if;

uav;rsm;/ ckefysHaqmhjcif; a&Smifygrif;/

udk&mjrifh/ tdyf&mxysif; t½kPfvif;

uav;rsm;/ ysufuGufcsKdU,Gif; a&Smifygrif;/

udk&mjrifh/ ouf0gBuD;rif; wkd;a0SU&if;

uav;rsm;/ rav;pm;jcif; a&Smifygrif;/

udk&mjrifh/ a*[mae&if; wm0efuif;

uav;rsm;/ 0wå&m;ysufjcif; a&Smifygrif;/

ukd&mjrihf/ uJ . . [kwfNyD/ &ygNyD/ uav;wkdYawG pnf;urf;eJYywfoufvkdY EIwfwkduftvGwfqkdEkdifMuwJhtwGuf csD;usL;ygw,f/ tJ'DuAsmvuFmav;awGxJutwkdif; vkdufemMu&if uav;wkdY[m pnf;urf;aumif;wJh vli,fawG?vdr®m,Ofaus;wJh vli,fawGjzpfrSm rvGJbl;/

udkif; . . rª;q&m ajymp&m&Sdwm ajymNyD;NyD/ wpfaeYwmtcsdefZ,m;twkdif; qufvkyfawmh/

(toHjr§ifhí a&SUMunfh tm;vHk; . . . owd/ (ausmif;om;rsm; owdqGJMuap/) ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif qufvkyf/

(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)

tcef; (5)tcef; (5)


umv/ 1990 ckESpfcefY

ae&m/ uefOD;&Gm pkaygif;&Sifûy tvªr@yf


tjyiftqif/ &Sifûytvªr@yfwpfck\ twGif;ydkfif;r@yftjyiftqifjzpfaom a&Ta&mifwkdifvHk;rsm;? tcef;vkdufuEkwfazmufyef;rsm; a&;qGJxm;onfh aemufcHum;&Sd&rnf/

tvªr@yfwpfckvHk;udk o½kyfazmf&efr[kwfbJ&Sifavmif;vSnfhvkdufygrnfh trsKd;orD;rsm;&Sdaeonfhr@yftwGif;ydkif;wpfae&mudkom o½kyfazmf&efjzpfNyD;0g;&mZrwftum wpfpGef;wpfpESifh rsufESmMuuftvSqif yef;vdyfpuúLrsm; ylazmif;rsm;vnf; r@yf\tpdwftydkif;taejzifh &Sd&rnf/

(a&SUzHk;um;zGifh)

(toHcsJUpufrS oDcsif;oHrsm;? tkd;pnf? 'dk;ywfoHrsm;?vloHrsm; qlnHvsuf&Sdap/)


(&Sifavmif;vSnfhvkdufyg&eftwGuf 0wfaumif;pm;vSopfopfvGifvGif0wfqifvsuf ysKdysKd&G,f&G,f trsKd;orD;i,frsm; Zmwfpif\ 0J,mwkdYrS wzGJzGJ0ifvmMuap/ tysKdacgif;t&D;<u,fu r@yft0rSaeí êudqkdajymqkdvsuf&Sdap/0ifvmolrdef;rysKdwkdY oHk;a,mufwpfpk? av;a,mufwpfpk?pojzifh oifhovdkpkí xdkifaeMuap/ wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf ]]olvSw,f igvSw,f}} ponfhpum;rsm;jzifh wD;wdk;wD;wkd;ajymqkdaemufajymif MunfEl;Muap/)

t&D;<u,f/ at;bHkwkdY? axG;vSwkdY vmMu? vmMu . . . [Jh,Of,Ofat;u nnf;wkdYeJU twlvmrSmr[kwfvm;/olrygbl;vm;/

at;bHk/ tckawmh rygao;bl;/ vmrSmyg t&D;<u,f&JU/oluuGrf;awmifudkif&rSmqkdawmh (rJhwJhwJh trlt&mjzifh)tvSqHk;jyifaevkdUaerSmaygh/

t&D;<u,f/ at;at; . 'gqdkNyD;a&m/ at;bHk nnf;uyef;awmifudkif&rSmaemf arhraeeJU/

at;bHk/ [kwfuJhyg t&D;<u,f&JU? rarhygbl;/

(at;bHkESifh axG;vS r@yfwGif; 0ifxkdifMuap/)

t&D;<u,f/ (r@yfxJ&Sd rdef;uav;rsm;odkY vSrf;ajym)

a[h .. aumifrav;awGaemf udk,fudkif&r,fh[mudkrarhMueJU igêudajymNyD;om;/

rdef;uav;rsm;/ [kwfuJhyg t&D;<u,f&JU odygw,f/

&ifcGifaEG; 29

cyfpGmpGmtrsKd;orD;wpfa,muf/ ukd,fh[mudk,fudkifMu? olrsm;[m oGm;rudkifMueJUawmfh/ (tm;vHk; &,farmMuap/)[kwfw,fav? yef;awmifudkif&r,fholu uGrf;awmifoGm;udkifvkdYjzpfrvm;/

(tm;vHk;ûyH;pdpd jzpfaeMuap/)

(xkdpOf tvªvSnfhyGJtwGuf vkyfudkifaeaom a,musfm;av;ESpfa,muf oHk;a,muf 0JrS,m? ,mrS0J jzwfoGm;&mûyH;pdpdrdef;uav;rsm;udkjrifí olwkdYuvnf; ûyH;pdpdvkyfoGm;Muap/)

(,Of,Ofat;ESifh rdef;uav;ESpfa,mufa&mufvm/)

t&D;<u,f/ vmMu ... vmMu? nnf;wkdYu aemufusoudk;/txJ0ifMu/

(,Of,Ofat;wkdY0ifxkdifpOf/)

cyfpGmpGmtrsKd;orD;/ [Jh ...rd,Ofat; nnf;u uGrf;awmifudkif&rSmaemf/ olrsm; ]yef;} oGm;rukdifrdapeJU/(tm;vHk;&,fMuap/)

(xdkpOfyif toHcsJUpufrS oDcsif;zGifhoH&yfoGm;ap/ rdkufcGufudk acgufoH ]]a'guf . . a'guf . . a'guf . .a'guf}} toHxGufvmNyD; MunfvifyDjyifaom toH0gBuD;jzifh oQKd;vkduf&wkqdkoH xGufay:vmap/)

&wkqkd/ ig;yg;rmefESdrf? jrwfrkedef\

ed,medu 'kv’b[k oHk;0omoem . . .


trsm;/ oQKd; . . .

(&wktpcsDvkdufonfESifh tkd;pnf? 'kd;ywfESifh qdkif;wD;oHrsm;&yfoGm;ap/ vloHrsm;vnf; NidrfoufoGm;ap/)

&wkqdk/ rkdufarSmify,fxGef;? xdef xdef &Tef;onf

ae0ef;axmifa&mifjzmodkY . . .

trsm;/ oQKd;

(cyfpGmpGmtrsKd;orD;uxí &wkoHxGufay:&modkYvSrf;Munfh[efjzifh Zmwfpifvuf,mbufodkY vSrf;arQmfMunfhNyD;)

cyfpGmpGm/ [Jh . . [Jh tJ'g a*[mrª; udk&mjrifhBuD;awmhf/

rdef;uav;rsm;/ (wpfa,mufNyD;wpfa,muf xMunfhNyD;) at;.. [Jh udk&mjrifhBuD;u oQKd;tqkdaumif;awmfh/

(udk&mjrifh\ oQKd;vdkuf&wkqkdoH qufvufxGufay:vmap&rnf/

&wkqdk/ edAÁmefcGifodkY vsifvsifa&mufaMumif;rSef

'gew&m; o'¨gyGm;onf pdwfxm;vGefxufoefí

trsm;/ oQKd; . . .

&wkqkd/ rsKd;jrefrmwkdY ½dk;&ma&S;xHk;pH

&yf&Gmtm;vHk; aysmfrqHk;onf Nidrfhtkef;oJoJnHrQ ..

trsm;/ oQKd; . . .

&ifcGifaEG; 31

&wkqkd/ oa&vQHonf a>c&Hrsm;AdkvfyHk? r*FvmpHcif; eef;ûrdUwGif;rS avmif;rif;xGufonfhyHkodkY

trsm;/ oQKd; . . .

&wkqkd/ taxGaxGonf a&T? aiG jra&mifqkdif

wHcGefukuúm;? rkav;yGm;udk ewfrsm;a&SUuudkifí

trsm;/ oQKd; . . .

&wkqkd/ ûydiftqkdifvQif ûrdifûrdifcrf;jyifqif? oif;uspfa&Tabmif;wrmaqmif;onf em;a#mif; pvG,fqifvsuf

trsm;/ oQKd; . . .

&wkqkd/ c½koif;ESifh 'Hkrif;aMu;oHpHk

e&nfrdausmif; emranmif;onfh pnfarmif;tzHkzHk wnfh. . .

trsm;/ oQKd; . . .

&wkqkd/ ajrrdk;ukefonf 0okefavxk qHk;wnfhav . . .

trsm;/ oQKd; . . .

&wkqkd/ awmif;qkacRonf oajyaomif;acwfvHk;wnfhav...

trsm;/ oQKd; . . .

(þodkY udk&mjrifh\ oQKd;&wkqdkoH rSefrSefxGufay:aepOfyifr@yfxJ&Sd trsKd;orD;rsm; trsKd;rsKd;ajymqdkvsuf&SdMuap/)


t&D;<u,f/ [Jh . . aumif;rav;awG £ajE&&xdkifaeMuprf;/tJ'gpkaygif;tvªrkdYvkdY q&mawmfBuD;ukd,fwdkif txl;a&;ay;wJh oQKd;vkduf&wkwJh/ q&mawmfBuD;ua&;wmrdkYvdkY?NyD;awmh y&[dwu uav;awGvnf;ygwmrdkYvkdY a*[mrª;u qkday;wmaerSmaygh/

wpfa,muf/ udk&mjrifhBuD; oDcsif;wkdY bmwkdYqdkwm rMum;zl;vkdY tHHhMoaewm t&D;<u,f&JU/ wu,fhtqkdaumif;wmyJaem/

wpfa,muf/ [kwfw,faemf . . udk&mjrifhu bufpHkawmfwmudk;/ pum;tajymvnf;aumif; tvkyfqdkvnf; jywfjywfom;om;/

wpfa,muf/ at;av . . olpnf;½Hk;a&;aumif;NyD; tvkyfêud;êud;pm;pm;vkyfvkdYvnf; y&[dwa*[mBuD; wdk;wufvmwmayghath/

wpfa,muf/ y&[dwa*[mudk a&mufvm&wmvnf; q&mawmfBuD;&JU y&[dwvkyfief;udk yg&rDjznfhay;wmwJh/ olUtaru q&mawmfBuD;&JU aqGawmf rsKd;awmfav/

wpfa,muf/ olu tnmrSmwkef;u [kdufpul;zdkife,fatmifNyD;om;wJh[Jh/ wuúodkvf0ifwef;atmifatmif qufrae&bJ rdbeJYtwl v,f,mvkyfae&vkdYaygh/ EdkUrdkY bGJU&t&m&SdjzpfEdkifwJholaygh/

&ifcGifaEG; 33

wpfa,muf/ udk&mjrifhBuD;u pdwf&if;aumif;w,fath/ Munfhygvm; wkdYwpf&GmvHk;u olUudk rcifwJhvl b,frSm&SdvdkYvJ/

wpfa,muf/ y&[dwu uav;awGqkd olUudkcspfvnf;cspf?aMumufvnf;aMumuf? olwpfcGef;yJ/

wpfa,muf/ olu uav;awG onf;nnf;vnf;cHw,fav/ b,fudpöjzpfjzpf a&SUaqmifa&SU&Gufvkyfw,f/aemufNyD; wnfwnfwHhwHhaew,f/ ½kyf&nfuvnf; cefYrScefYyJ/

wpfa,muf/ a[m ... a[m 'Daumifr udk&mjrifhBuD;udk usaeNyDxifw,f? ay:NyD? ay:NyD/

wpfa,muf/ atmifr,f ... udk&mjrifhu êudufw,fqkd&ifjyefrêudufbJaer,hfvl &Sdrvm;ath/

wpfa,muf/ tdk ... olu tnmrSm &nf;pm;&SdcJhovm;rodbl;/ 'D&GmxJrSmawmh b,folUudkrS pdwfr0ifpm;ovdkyJ/

wpfa,muf/ [Jh ... wD;wdk; ... wD;wdk; ozefydk;awG nnf;wkdYpum;awG&yfawmh ... [kdrSm udk&mjrifhawmif oQKd;&wkNyD;oGm;NyD/

(tkd;pnf? 'kd;ywfoH? qkdif;oHrsm; qlnHpGmjyefvnfxGufay:vmap/ xkdpOfrSmyif umvom;wpfa,muf Zmwfpifvuf0JbufrS ajy;xGufvmNyD; trsKd;orD;rsm;tm; vSrf;atmfajymap/)


umvom;/ ukr®m&DawG ukr®m&DawG vmMuawmh . . vmMuawmh . . [kdrSm jrif;awGa&mufukefNyD/ (rdef;uav;rsm;t"dyÜm,fwpfrsKd;pDaygufNyD; ûyH;pdpdjzpfoGm;Muap/ wcsKdUuwcGdcGd&,faeap/)

t&D;<u,f/ [Jh . . iarmif eifhjrif;awGeJY igwkdYu bmvkyf&rSmwkef;/

(rdef;uav;rsm; 0g;ceJJ&,fMuap/)

umvom;/ tdk . . usKyfajymwmu armif&ifavmif;awGpD;r,fhjrif;awG a&mufaewmudk ajymwmyg t&D;<u,f&,f/(ajymNyD; vuf0JbufodkY jyef0ifajy;ap/) (rdef;uav;rsm;&,farmí usef&pfMuap/)

t&D;<u,f/ uJ ... &Sifavmif;vSnfhzkdYjyifMuawmh/

wpfa,muf/ (vuf,mbufodkY vSrf;MunfhNyD;) a[h . .[dkrSmMunfhprf;? &Sifavmif;ti,fav;awGrSm wkdYpufcsKyfoifwef;olawG csKyfay;vkdufwJh acgif;aygif;tjzLav;awGeJYMunfhvkdYaumif;w,fa[h ... aemf/

tm;vHk;/ [kwfw,faemf ... Munfhaumif;vdkufwm .../

t&D;<u,f/ uJxGufMupkdY .../

(tm;vHk; a&SUem;odkYxGufvmap/ Zmwfpifvuf,mbuftwGif;odkY wpfOD;csif;? uGrf;awmif? yef;awmif? [oFmtpf?ouFef;vdyf ponfrsm; 0if,lMuNyD; vuf,mbufodkY

&ifcGifaEG; 35

OD;wnfí wef;pDMuap/)

(xkdpOfrSmyif qdkif;0dkif;rS ]]ûrdUv,fur@yf t&yfrSmwJhukokdvf}} tpcsD ajAmoHwD;vHk;udk wD;rIwfoHxGufay:vmap/)

(wef;pDaeaom rdef;uav;rsm; vuf,mbufodkY wa&GUa&GUavQmufvSrf;pûypOf)

(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)

tcef; (6)tcef; (6)


ae&m/ acsmif;0aus;&Gm? &Gmt0if acsmif;ul;wHwm;xdyf

tcsdef/ naeydkif;

tjyiftqif/ acsmif;0&Gm\ awmifbufurf;tjzpf "edrdk;tdrfwef;wpfckyg&Sdaom aemufcHum;&Sd&rnf/ tdrfwef;\ a&SUwGif acsmif;&Sdae[efae&mcsefNyD; acsmif;urf;yg;a&;csuf 'l;ydwfum;xm;&rnf/

'l;ydwfum;\ a&SUae&mus,f Zmwfpifa&SUydkif;onfacsmif;0&Gm\ ajrmufbufurf;jzpfonf/

acsmif;udkjzwfí awmifbufurf;ESifh ajrmufbufurf;udk arsmwkdifrsm;jzifh aqmufvkyfxm;aomwHwm;wpfck zefwD;xm;&rnf/ wHwm;atmufrS pufavS? orÁef ponfrsm; jzwfoGm;Ekdifonfhtjrifh&Sd&rnf/ajrmufbufurf; (y&dowf&Sdonfhbuf) rSaeíwHwm;ay:odkY vlwpfa,mufwufEkdifatmifomqufwifcdkifcdkifcHYcHY pDrHxm;&efjzpfNyD; awmifbufurf;odkY tqif;udkrl o½kyfoP²mefoabmom qufwifpDrH&efjzpfonf/

&ifcGifaEG; 37

acsmif;twGif; yJhaxmifpufavS vIyf&Sm;oGm;vmEkdif&ef ZmwfcHkynmjzifh pDpO4fxm;&rnf/

(a&SUzHk;um;zGifh)

(OD;wifOD;? udk&mjrifhESifh &Gmom; (7) a,mufcefY 0wfjzLpifMu,f0wfvsuf Zmwfpifvuf0JbufrS xGufvmMuap/Zmwfpifvuf,mbufrSvnf; acsmif;0&GmvlBuD; oHk;av;OD;xGufvmap/)

udk&mjrifh/ (wHwm;qDokdY vSrf;MunfhNyD;) [m ... armifñdkarmifwkdY pufavSra&mufao;ygvm;/

acsmif;0&GmvlBuD;wpfOD;/ ajcvsifvmwJhvlawGua&mufNyD;pufavSu ra&mufao;bl;vm;/

(olwkdY wHwm;ajc&if;em;a&mufvmonfhtcsdefwGifrSpufavSoHMum;&NyD; rMumrDyif ndKarmif armif;vsufyJhaxmifpufavS acsmif;vrf;twkdif; vuf0JbufrS0ifa&mufvmap/ pufavSay:wGif 0wfjzLpifMu,f0wfvsuf y&[dwausmif;om; t&G,fawmfrsm; (20) cefYygvmap/

pufavSudk wHwm;ajc&if;wGif&yfNyD; tdkufcsKdu OD;êud;udkwHwm;teD;rS wkdifikwfwpfckwGif csnfvkdufap/

tkdufcsKdu pufavSay:rS ausmif;om;rsm;tm; qif;&efvufjy? ausmif;om;rsm; urf;ay:odkY ckefqif;Muap/


tkdufcsKdESifh ndKarmifwkdYu pufavSay:wGifygvmaomqGrf;awmfBuD;vSnfh&ef a'gif;aygif? usyf? êuwf? uvyf?tkyf ponfrsm;ESifh awmif;rsm;/ xrf;ydk;rsm;udk pufavSay:rScsay;&m ausmif;om;rsm;u atmufrSvSrf;,lMuap/OD;wifOD;ESifh udk&mjrifhwkdYu BuD;Muyfay;vsuf&Sdap/)

udk&mjrifh/ ypönf;awGudk xrf;ydk;eJYtwlxm;NyD; a&SUaemufwef;pDxm;Mua[h/ b,folu b,fypönf;qdkwm vkyfaeustwkdif;yJaemf/

ausmif;om;rsm;/ [kwfuJhyg rª;q&m/

(ausmif;om;av;rsm; a'gif;aygifrsm;? tkyfrsm;ESifhawmif;rsm;udk tpOfvkdufwef;í xm;Muap/ uvyf?usyfESifh êuwfwdkYudkvnf; olUwm0efESifhol udkifxm;Muap/

wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif &Gm;om;oHk;av;a,mufupufavSay:wGifygvmaom armif;qdkif;? AHk? armif;BuD;wkdYudk,lcsNyD; qGrf;awmfBuD;vSnfhwD;0dkif;tjzpf ESJESifharmif;qdkif;u OD;aqmiftoHn§daeap/)

udk&mjrifh/ uav;wkdY em;axmifyg/ wkdYy&[dwa*[mwnf&SdwJh uefOD;&Gm bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;&JU qGrf;awmfBuD;vSnfhyGJrSm y&[dwausmif;om;rsm;u tckvkd vkyftm;'geay;wJhtpOftvm[m ukokdvfxl;w,fqkdwm uav;wkdYodw,faemf/

&ifcGifaEG; 39

ausmif;om;rsm;/ odygw,f rª;q&m/

udk&mjrifh/ oDwif;uRwfvjynfh 0guRwfqGrf;awmfBuD;avmif;vªyGJtwGuf tckacsmif;0&GmrSm vSnfhvnfrSmjzpfw,f/ uefOD;uHom&GmawGrSm vSnfhovdkyJ 'DrSmvnf;pepfwusvSnfhMu&r,f/ acsmif;0&GmrSm [kdt&ifwkef;uawmh acsmif;ul;wHwm;r&SdvkdY 'Dbufurf;? [dkbufurf;udk avSawGeJYul;cJh&w,f/ tckawmh (wHwm;udk vufn§Kd;xdk;jyNyD;) 'DwHwm;aqmufNyD;vdkY wpfqufwnf; vSnfhEkdifawmhr,f/ 'DwHwm;udk wnfaqmufwkef;u rif;wkdYwpfawG vkyftm;ay;cJhMuw,f r[kwfvm;/

ausmif;om;rsm;/ [kwfygw,f/

udk&mjrifh/ at; . . wHwm;aqmufwm b,favmuftusKd;&Sdw,fqkdwm rif;wkdY tckvufawGUawGU&awmhr,f/ wdkYyxrqHk; 'Dbufurf;rSmvSnfhr,f/ NyD;&if 'DwHwm;ul;NyD;[kdbufurf;udkvSnfhr,f/ uJ ... pajrmifaemufrSmaMu;pnf? uvyf/ usyf? êuwfawGae&m,lMu/ qufNyD;a'gif;aygifawG? tkyfawG? awmif;awGtpHkvdkuf? tpHkvkdufae&m,l/ aemufqHk;u e&nfwD;0dkif;vkdufvdrfhr,f/(ae&m,lMuap/) aMomf ... udkvSxGef;a& pajrmifpum;udk tkdkufcsKdyg tvSnfhay;NyD; ajymckdif;vdkufyg/ tkdufcsKduudkvSxGef;eJUuyfNyD;vkduf/

udkvSxGef;/ (atmfvefudkifvsuf) aumif;w,f.. aumif;w,f/

tkdufcsKd/ rª;q&m . . uRefawmfjzpfyghrvm;cifAs/


udk&mjrifh/ rif;u y&[dwtvkyfawGawmh tawmfOD;aqmifvkyfwwfaeNyDav/ vla&SU ola&SU pum;ajymwwfzdkYawmhvdkao;w,f/ 'gaMumifh tckvdkêuHwkef; tavhtusifhav;vkyfay;wm/ bmrSrcufygbl;uG/

tkdufcsKd/ uRefawmfhtoHu 0Jaeawmh/

udk&mjrifh/ udpör&Sdygbl;? jzpfoGm;rSmyg/ udkvSxGef;ajymwJhtwkdif;ajym/

tkdufcsKd/ [kwfuJh . . [kwfuJh/

udk&mjrifh/ uJ . . p xGufMupdkU/ udkvSxGef;a& . .

udkvSxGef;/ (atmfvefjzifhatmf) acsmif;0aus;&GmrSm rSDwif;aexkdifMuwJh oyÜK&doEG,f0if olawmfpiftaygif;wkdYcifAsm; .../

(xkdpOfrSmyif Zmwfpifvuf,mbufrS tysKdayguft&G,frdef;uav;wpfa,muf ]]tr,fav; u,fMuygOD; ...u,fMuygOD; ...? uRefrudk vkduf½dkufaew,f}} ...[katmf[pfNyD; qHyifzm;vsm; zdkoDzwfoDESifh ajy;xGufvmap/ tm;vHk;tHhtm;oifhNyD; aMumifMunfhaeMupOfrSmyifxkdrdef;uav; wHwm;ay:ajy;wufoGm;ap/ olraemufrSacgif;aygif;tusm;aygif;xm;aom eDñdka&mifwkdufyHkESifhvlBuD;wpfa,muf BudrfvHk;wpfvHk;a0SU,rf;vsuf w&Murf;ajy;vkdufvmap/ xkdYaemufrS rdef;rwpfa,muftajy;uav;vkdufvmap/)

&ifcGifaEG; 41

(rdef;uav; wHwm;xdyfa&mufonfESifh atmufbufodkYatmfajymap/)

rdef;uav;/ uRefrudk rzrf;eJYaemf ... rzrf;MueJY a[m'DwHwm;ay:uae ckefcsvkdufrSmaemf ... /

acgifaygif;Mum;ESifhvl/ (wHwm;ajc&if;odkYajy;vm BudrfvHk;udka0SY,rf;&if;) o,f ... &Gmolr ... vmcJhprf; ...?tmVm0uudk tmcHvkdY&aMu;vm; ... vmcJhaumifr/

rdef;uav;/ uRefr a&xJckefcsvdkufrSmaemf .../

(udk&mjrifh oabmaygufoGm;[efESifh xkdvludk zrf;udkifap/tjcm;vlrsm;vnf;0dkif;í xdkvludkcsKyfxm;Muap)

acsmif;0&GmvlBuD;wpfOD;/ [Jh ... at;Munfr ... ckefrcseJU..ckefrcseJY OD;av;wkdY 'DrSm&Sdw,f/ orD;bmrSrjzpfap&bl;/

rdef;uav;/ [ifh ... tif; ... [dkq&mBuD;u uRefrudkcsKyfNyD;BudrfeJY½dkufrSmaMumufw,f ... aMumufw,f/

OD;wifOD;/ raMumufeJYorD; ... raMumufeJYawmh ... olYudkOD;av;wkdY wm;xm;vkdufNyD/ OD;av;u aus;&GmOuú|uGJU/orD;udk OD;av;wkdY umuG,fay;r,f/ raMumufeJYaemf..qif;cJh ... qif;cJh/

aemufrSvdkufygvmaomrdef;r/ orD; at;Munfr . . ckefrcseJYaemf.. qif;cJhygorD;&,f . . orD;a&m*gudk 'Dq&meJYrukcsif&if rukeJY . ./ tarhqD qif;cJhaemf orD; . ./

rdef;uav;/ wu,fvm; . . tar/


rdcif/ wu,fyg orD;&JU? &GmvlBuD;awGvnf; &Sdaew,fav ../

(rdef;uav; wHwm;atmufodkY wjznf;jznf;jyefqif;vmap/ olr\tarxH ajy;zufap/)

OD;wifOD;/ (tem;a&mufvmNyD;) b,fvdkjzpfwmvJAsm/

rdcif/ orD; ua,mifacsmufcsm; ajymajymaevdkY tJ'D ya,m*q&meJY ukwmyg/ tJ'g &GmolaESmifh,Sufw,fqkdNyD;BudrfeJY½dkufr,fvkyfvkdY xGufajy;wmyg/

OD;wifOD;/ aMomf ... aMomf q&ma,mifeJY oGm;awGUwmudk;/uJ ... 'Dvkdvkyf? cifAsm;wkdY tdrfjyefoGm;&ifvnf;rdef;uav; aMumufaeOD;rSm/ 'Dawmh uefOD;u wkdif;&if;aq;q&mBuD; OD;t*¾eJY jyMunfh&atmif? uRefawmfudk,fwkdifvkdufydkYr,f/ raumif;bl;vm;? olUtaza&mr&Sdbl;vm; .../

rdcif/ yifv,fxGufaeygw,f/ (orD;udkMunfhNyD;) orD; vdkufoGm;&atmifaemf .../

rdef;uav;/ [kd ... acgif;aygif;usm;q&mqD jyefroGm;&&ifNyD;a&m .../

OD;wifOD;/ (udk&mjrifhwkdYqDokdY vSrf;ajym) ukd&mjrifha& uRefawmf'Dom;trdudk yJhaxmifeJY &Gmac:oGm;vkdufr,f/ cifAsm;wkdYqGrf;awmfBuD;vSnfhwm qufvkyfMuayawmhaemf/ (ajymajymqkdqdk om;trdESpfa,mufudkac:í pufavSay:wufap/)

&ifcGifaEG; 43

tcef; (7)tcef; (7)


ae&m/ uefOD;&Gm tv,fwef;ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD;½Hk;cef;

tcsdef/ eHeufausmif;rwufrD

tjyiftqif/ eH&Hay:wGif ynma&;qkdif&m vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;?aqmifyk'frsm;? ausmif;ESifhywfoufaom rSwfwrf;rsm;ponfwkdYyg&Sdonfh tcef;eH&Ha&;csuf aemufcHum;&Sd&rnf/

a&SUwGif ausmif;tkyfBuD;\ pm;yGJ? ukvm;xkdif&Sd&rnf/ pm;yGJay:wGif pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;? wHqdyfwHk;rsm;?abmvfyifxnfhcGufrsm;ponfh ausmif;ESifhywfoufaom ypönf;rsm; oyfoyf&yf&yf&Sd&rnf/ ]]ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD;}} &mxl;pmwef; opfom;wHk;wpfckvnf;jrifomatmif wifxm;&rnf/ pm;yGJywfvnfwGif xkdifcHkrsm;vnf; av;? ig;vHk;cefYxm;&Sd&rnf/

(a&SUzHk;um;zGifh)

(tv,fwef;ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD; OD;oef;xGef;ESifhq&mOD;&D pum;ajymaeMuap/)

udk&mjrifh/ (acgif;aygif;usm;q&mudk vTwfvkdufMuNyD;) [kwfuJh... [kwfuJh ... uJ ... ukdvSxGef;a& jyefpayawmhAsm .../

udkvSxGef;/ (atmfvefudk yg;pyfrSmjyefwyfNyD;) acsmif;0aus;&GmrSm rSDwif;aexkdifMuaom oyÜK&doEG,f0if olawmfpiftaygif;wkdYcifAsm;... 0gvuif;vGwf oDwif;uRwfqGrf;awmfBuD; avmif;vªyGJtwGuf uefOD;aus;&Gmbkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;rS Oyoumrsm;eJY y&[dwausmif;om;rsm; qGrf;awmfBuD; vSnfhvmygNyDcifAsm; .../

(e&nf0dkif;rS at;a&cif;oH om,mpGm xGufay:vmap/qGrf;awmfBuD;wef; vuf,mbufodkYwa&GUa&GU0ifoGm;ap/)

(xkdpOfrSmyif ndKarmifu yJhaxmifpufavSudk pufEId;NyD;?vuf0JbufokdY aemufqkwfaemufqkwf 0ifoGm;ap/)

(acgif;aygif;usm;ESifh ya,m*q&monf a,mifawmifawmifusef&pfcJh&mrS cg;awmif;udkêuduf? BudrfvHk;udkajr§mufvkdufNyD; us,favmifpGm Budrf;0g;ap/)

ya,m*q&mBudrf;0g;oH/ o,f.. [,f. [,f. [,f.. iguJhodkYaom tmVm0uudk eifuJhodkYaom &Gmoltpkwfyvkwfu tefwkvdkY b,f&rvJ/ [J. [J. [J../ uJ.. tckeifajy;&NyD r[kwfavm/ a[m. a[m. a[m../

(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)

&ifcGifaEG; 45

OD;oef;xGef;/ tv,fwef;ausmif;0ef;u enf;enf;usOf;w,faemf .. q&m OD;&D/

OD;&D/ [kwfw,fq&mBuD;. . rlvwef;ausmif;tqifhwkef;uwnf;u bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;0ef;xJrSm &SdcJhwmav/ aemuf .. q&mawmfBuD;u y&[dwrdbrJhuav;rsm;a*[mudk wnfaxmifawmh EkdifiHawmfu rlvwef;ausmif;uae tv,fwef;ausmif;tjzpf jr§ifhay;wm/tJ'Dawmh ausmif;taqmuftODawG csJUzkdUusawmh enf;enf;av;usyfw,fvkdY qkd&ygr,f/

OD;oef;xGef;/ tcktaetxm;uawmh rqdk;ygbl;/ ausmif;om;OD;a&ESifh pmoifaqmif taeawmfygyJ/ (q&mwpfOD;ESifhq&mrwpfOD;wkdY vuf0JbufrS xGufvmap/)

OD;oef;xGef;/ q&m? q&mrwkdY vmMu? xkdifMuyg/ tawmfapmMuygvm;? (q&mESifh q&mr 0ifxkdifMuap/)

OD;&D/ 'g q&mOD;wifhvGifESifh q&mra':cifEGJUwkdYyg q&mBuD;/olwdkYu 'D&GmZmwdav/

OD;oef;xGef;/ aMomf.. aMomf uRefawmfvnf; a&mufcgpqkdawmhq&m? q&mrawGudk emrnfeJYwGJNyD; rrSwfrdao;bl;ayghAsm/

OD;wifhvGif/ uRefawmfwkdYvifr,m;u &Gmv,frSmaeawmhapmapmcsufûywfNyD; ausmif;udk apmapmyJvmvdkufwmyg/ q&mBuD; aexkdif&wm tqifajy&JUvm;? rdom;pkryg


bJ wpfa,mufwnf;ajymif;vmwmqkdawmh tcuftcJav;awG &SdrSmaygh/

OD;oef;xGef;/ udpör&Sdygbl;Asm/ uRefawmfu aewwfygw,f/aemufNyD; a[m'Dq&m OD;&Dvnf; ausmif;½Hk;cef;rSmtwlwlae&wmqkdawmh tazmf&aeygw,f/

a':cifEGJU/ (xkdifae&mrSxí Zmwfpifvuf0JbuftwGif;odkYvSrf;ajym/)

q&mr a':ndK0dkif;a& uRefr'DrSm/

q&mr a':ndK0kdif; Zmwfpifvuf0JbufrS xGufvmap/ vufxJwGif &GufvSyef;rsm; ygvmap/)

a':cifEGJU/ bk&m;cef;twGuf q&mra':ndK0kdif;udk &GufvSyef;awG ,lcJhzkdY uRefrrSmxm;vkdYyg q&mBuD;/

OD;oef;xGef;/ aMomf ... aMomf ... q&mr a':ndK0dkif; xkdifygOD;vm;/ ausmif;csdefu trsm;BuD;vkdao;w,f/ (a':nKd0dkif; &GufvSyef;rsm;udk tcef;axmifhwGif cPxm;cJhNyD;xkdifcHkwpfcHkwGif 0ifxkdifap/)

OD;oef;xGef;/ q&mrav;u 'D&GmZmwdyJvm;/

a':ndK0kdif;/ r[kwfygbl; q&mBuD;? ykodrfbufuyg/

OD;oef;xGef;/ aMomf.. ta0;BuD;uygvm;/ rdbawG vdkufaeMu&JUvm;/

&ifcGifaEG; 47

a':ndK0dkif;/ rdbawG uG,fvGefukefygNyD q&mBuD;? tckarmifav; armifndKarmifu uRefreJYtwlvkdufaeygw,f/ &Gmzsm;u tbGm;rdtdrfrSm iSm;aeMuwmyg/tbGm;rduvnf; rdbozG,fygyJ/

OD;oef;xGef;/ aMomf.. aMomf.. (ajym&if;u vuf,mbufodkYvSrf;MunfhrdNyD; wpfpHkwpf&mudk xl;xl;jcm;jcm;jrif&onfh[efESifh vufnd§K;xdk;NyD;) [kd.. [dku. .

OD;&D/ aMomf.. 'Duav;awGu y&[dwa*[muyg/olwdkYav;awG 'DvkdyJ pepfwuswef;pDNyD; ausmif;wufvmavh&Sdygw,f/ ausmif;qif;&ifvnf; 'Dtwdkif;ygyJ/a&SUqHk;u uav;u olwdkY&JUausmif;om;acgif;aqmifaygh/ uRefawmfh (7) wef;u armfeDwmav/ pmvnf;awmfw,f? vlrIa&;pdwf"mwfvnf;tjynfh&SdwJh &Srf;av;aygh/ab;uvkdufvmwmu y&[dwa*[mrª; udk&mjrifhyg/

a':cifEGJU/ [if.. cgwkdif;awmh a*[mrª;vkdufvmavhr&Sdbl;/(a':ndK0kdif;bufudk vSnfhMunfhNyD;) tck bmjzpfvkdYvkdufvmwmvJ[if/

a':ndK0kdif;/ (&Sufudk;&Sufuef;jzpfoGm;NyD;) tkd. . uRefrb,fodyghrvJ rrEGJU&JU/

OD;oef;xGef;/ rdbrJhuav;awG tckvdk wlnD0wfpHkav;awGeJYnDnDnmnmawGU&wm MunfEl;p&myJaemf/ tawmfhudkpepfwus&Sdr,fh y&[dwa*[mjzpfrSm/


OD;wifhvGif/ we*FaEGaeUus&if q&mBuD;udk uRefawmf y&[dwa*[mudk ac:oGm;yghr,f/ b,favmuf pepfwuswnfaxmifvkyfudkifaewm q&mBuD;awGU&ygvdrfhr,f/

(ajymqkdaepOfyif udk&mjrifh Zmwfpif vuf,mbufrS0ifvmap/)

udk&mjrifh/ (OD;ñGwfvkdufNyD;) uRefawmf a*[mrª;&mjrifhygq&mBuD;/ raeUu q&mBuD; ajymif;a&TUa&mufvmw,fMum;vdkY vmNyD; *g&0ûy EIwfqufwmygcifAsm;/

OD;oef;xGef;/ aMomf.. xkdifyg a*[mrª;/

udk&mjrifh/ ckewkef;u q&mOD;wifhvGifu a*[mudk we*FaEGaeY vkdufydk Yay;r,fvkdY ajymoHMum;vdkufygw,f/uRefawmfwkdY y&[dwa*[mapmifha&Smufa&;tzGJUuvnf;q&mBuD;udk vufzuf&nf0kdif;eJY we*FaEGaeU reufydkif;rSm{nfh0wfûy&if; a*[mudkjyr,fvkdY pDpOfxm;ygw,f/tJ'DaeY tJ ... oefbufcgayghaemf? q&mBuD; tm;w,fr[kwfvm;cifAsm/

OD;oef;xGef;/ [kwfuJh uRefawmftm;ygw,fcifAsm/

udk&mjrifh/ 'Dvkdqkd uRefawmf we*FaEGaeU reuf 8 em&DrSmq&mBuD;udk vmac:ygr,f/ 'Du q&mBuD;OD;&DwdkYOD;wifhvGifwkdYa&maygh/ aumufn§if;aygif;eJY ig;&HUajcmufzkwf pDpOfxm;ygw,f/

&ifcGifaEG; 49

a':cifEGJU/ uRefrwkdYawmh rygbl;vm; udk&mjrifh&JU/ tif;..a':ndK0dkif;udkawmh êudzdwfxm;NyD;a&maygh/

a':ñdk0dkif;/ tkd. . rrEGJUuvJ.../

udk&mjrifh/ ESpfa,mufpvHk;udk zdwfygw,fAsm/ wpfausmif;vHk;u q&m? q&mrtm;vHk;udkyg zdwfcsifayr,fh tm;MurSmr[kwfbl;av/ a*[mtaMumif;udkvnf; q&m?q&mr tm;vHk;odNyD;om;yg/

a':cifEGJU/ tvum;pwmyg udk&mjrifh&m .. wu,fawmhuRefrwkdY tdrf&SifrawGqdkwm ausmif;ydwf&ufav;tdrftvkyfvkyf&wm rtm;Muygbl;/ tdrf&Sifr rjzpfao;wJh a':ndK0dkif;uawmh tm;rSmyg/

a':ñdk0dkif;/ rrEGJUuvnf; a&SUaeusaewmyJ/

OD;oef;xGef;/ 'Dausmif;u q&m? q&mrawGeJY a*[mrª;BuD;uawmh tawmhfudk &if;ESD;MuwmyJaemf/ vkyfief;csif;uqufpyfaeawmh &if;&if;ESD;ESD; cspfcspfcifcif vkyfudkif&wmaysmfp&murÇmav;ayghAsm/ uRefawmfhudkvnf; &if;&if;ESD;ESD; qufqHyg a*[mrª;BuD;&m/ uRefawmfu aysmfaysmf&Tif&Tifaewwfygw,f/

a':cifEGJU/ q&mBuD;u udk&mjrifhudk ]]a*[mrª;BuD;? a*[mrª;BuD;}} vkdY rac:apcsifygbl;/ olUtoufu i,fygao;w,f/ (a':ndK0dkif;bufodkY vSnfhMunfhNyD;) b,fESESpfygvdrfh/


a':ndK0dkif;/ tkd ... rrEGJUuvnf; um,uH&Sifudk ar;&r,fhOpöm .../

a':cifEGJU/ aMomf ... ar;rsm;xm;ovm;vkdY/

a':ndK0kdif;/ rrEGJUaemf .../


udk&mjrifh/ uRefawmfhtoufu 28 ESpfawmif&SdygNyD a':cifEGJU&m? b,fvkdac:ac:&ygw,f/

OD;oef;xGef;/ trsm;ac:ovdk udk&mjrifhyJ ac:r,faemf/

udk&mjrifh/ ac:yg q&mBuD; êudufovdk ac:Ekdifygw,f/

OD;oef;xGef;/ 'geJY udk&mjrifhemrnfu a&S;jrefrmemrnfrsKd;aemfb,fZmwdvJ/

udk&mjrifh/ uRefawmfu tnmom;yg/ igef;ZGefe,f xef;pOfvS&Gmuyg q&mBuD;/ q&mawmfeJYu trsKd;awmfawmhq&mawmfhqEt& 'Dy&[dwa*[mrSm a*[mrª;wm0efvm,lae&wmygyJcifAs/ tnmrSm rdbeJY nDrav;wpfa,muf&Sdygw,f/

OD;oef;xGef;/ aMomf ... tnmom;vlysKdBuD; atmufjynfrSmaysmfaeNyDxifw,f/ [J ... [J/

OD;wifhvGif/ atmufjynfrSmaysmfatmif uRefawmfwdkYuvnf;0kdif;NyD;pDrHaewm q&mBuD;&JU/ bmjzpfvkdYvJqkdawmh'Dy&[dwa*[mBuD; wdk;wufaewm &yfwefYroGm;

&ifcGifaEG; 51

apcsifvkdYyg/ udk&mjrifhu 'Da*[may:rSm udk,fa&mpdwfyg jr§KyfESHNyD;vkyfaewJhol/ q&mBuD; oefbufcgus&ifawGU&ygvdrfhr,f/

OD;&D/ &yfa&;&Gma&;usvnf; olua&SUuyJ q&mBuD;&JU/ &GmrSmpmMunfhwkdufjzpfay:vmatmifvnf; olêud;pm;ay;wm/

OD;oef;xGef;/ aMomf ... 'Dvkdvm; ... 0rf;omygw,fAsm/av;pm;xkdufwJhyk*¾dKvfayghaemf/

udk&mjrifh/ 'Davmufvnf; r[kwfygbl;Asm/

a':cifEGJU/ 'gaMumifh udk&mjrifh tnmrjyefrSjzpfrSm q&mBuD;/tJ'Dudpö uRefrwkdY&GmcHawGrSm wm0ef&Sdovdk q&mBuD;rSmvnf; wm0ef&Sdw,faemf? r[kwfbl;vm; q&mBuD;../

OD;oef;xGef;/ (ûyH;pdpdESifh) tkd ... [kwfwmaygh q&mr&,f/uRefawmf oabmaygufoGm;ygNyDAsm/ q&m? q&mrawGtwGuf uRefawmfu rdbaygh/ 'ghtjyif rdbr&SdwJhq&m? q&mrawGtwGufqkd ydkNyD;wm0ef&Sdwmayghaem.../

tm;vHk;/ (&Suf[efESifh acgif;iHkUxm;aom a':ndK0dkif;rSty)[kwfygw,f ... [kwfygw,f/

(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)

tcef; (8)tcef; (8)


ae&m/ y&[dwa*[mteD; a&qdyf

tcsdef/ eHeufydkif;

tjyiftqif/ "edyiftrsm;pkyg&Sdaom opfyifrsm;a&;csufaemufcHum;&Sd&rnf/ a&SUwGif a&;qif;wHwm;wpfcka&;csufyg&Sdaom acsmif;urf;yg; 'l;ydwfum;&Sd&rnf/'l;ydwfum;ESifh aemufcHum;tMum;onf acsmif;wpfckyHkazmfaqmifNyD; avSwpfpif;0ifEkdifatmif pDpOfxm;&rnf/avSvIyf&Sm;rIudk ZmwfcHkynmjzifh zefwD;xm;&efjzpfonf/

(a&SUzHk;um;zGifh)

(ndKarmifu yJhuavSmfum? a':ndK0kdif;utv,frSmpD;vsuf? Zmwfpifvuf0JbufrS avSwpfpif;xGufvmap/ a&qif;wHwm;wGif avSudkqdkufNyD;ndKarmifu avSOD;êud;udk a&qif;wHwm;wGif csnfaESmifap/)

&ifcGifaEG; 53

ndKarmif/ (vuf,mbufodkYvSrf;MunfhNyD;) tpfr 'DrSm cPapmifhaeOD;/ uRefawmf tpfudk&mjrifhudk oGm;ac:vkdufOD;r,f/

a':ndK0kdif;/ a&mhav . . 'DrkefYawG eif,loGm;vkdufaygh/

(vufqGJjcif;xJrS rkefYrsm;udk xkwfap/)

ndKarmif/ [m . . tpfrbmom tpfray;av/ tpfryJ0gqkdrkefUzufxkyfawG udk&mjrifhay;zkdYqdkNyD;awmh/ udk,fhudpöudk,f&Sif;/ (ûyH;NzJNzJ rsufESmay;jzifh vuf,mbufokdYajy;0ifoGm;ap/)

a':ndK0dkif;/ [,f . . 'Daumifav; . . (ndKarmifoGm;&modkYvSrf;Munfhaeap/)

(cPtMumwGif udk&mjrifh Zmwfpifvuf,mbufrScyfokwfokwfxGufvm/ a':ndK0kdif;tem; a&mufvmap/)

udk&mjrifh/ rndK0kdif; apmifhaew,fqkdvkdY . ./

a':ndK0dkif;/ (vufxJwGifudkifxm;aom yvwfpwpftdwfESifhxnfhxm;aom rkefYzufxkyfrsm;udk udk&mjrifhodkY vSrf;ay;&if;) tdrfrSm0gqkdrkefYvkyfvkdYav . ./

udk&mjrifh/ raeYu q&mBuD;eJUtwl a*[mudk bmjzpfvkdY vkdufrvmwmvJ[if . ./

a':ndK0dkif;/ tkd . . vkdufvm&if 0kdif;pMuOD;rSmudk; . ./

udk&mjrifh/ [kdwpfaeYu q&mBuD;&JU½Hk;cef;xJrSm 0dkif;pMuwm?


udk,fhudkpdwfqkd;oGm;vm;vdkYyg/ rndK0kdif; tJ'DaeUupdwfqdk;oGm;vm;[if .../

a':ndK0kdif;/ olwdkYupwJhOpöm ... udk&mjrifhudk pdwfqkd;&rSmvm;&Sifh .../

udk&mjrifh/ pdwfrqdk;bl; [kwfvm; .../ 0rf;omvkdufwmrndK0dkif;&,f .../ uRefawmfav tJ'DaeYu t&rf;aysmfaewm/

a':ndK0kdif;/ bmjzpfvkdYvJ/

udk&mjrifh/ uRefawmfhudk,fpm; a':cifEGJUwkdYu tusKd;aqmifay;vkdYav . ./

a':ndK0dkif;/ b,fvkd . . b,fvkd . ./

udk&mjrifh/ uRefawmfav . . uRefawmf rndK0dkif;udk rajym&JvkdY?Mumwmuawmh MumaeNyD/

a':ndK0dkif;/ (wpfzufodkY rsufESmvSnfhaeNyD;) bmMumaewmvJ/

udk&mjrifh/ aMomf ... tJ? arwåmav ... arwåm&SdaewmMumNyDAs/

a':ndK0dkif;/ (acgif;udk atmufiHkUvsuf) tkd .../

udk&mjrifh/ uRefawmfwkdYt&G,fawGu &nf;pm;pum;ajym&r,fht&G,fawG r[kwfawmhygbl;/ arwåm&Sdaewmudk ½dk;½dk;om;om; zGifhajymvkdufrdwmygaemf/ rndK0dkif; pdwfqdk;oGm;vm; ... [if/

&ifcGifaEG; 55

a':ndK0dkif;/ r ... r ... rqkd;ygbl;/

udk&mjrifh/ (t&rf;0rf;omoGm;[efESifh) [m ... 'DdaeY ydkNyD;0rf;omoGm;NyDAsm/ uRefawmfh&ifxJrSmav rndK0dkif;rSrndK0kdif;ygyJAsm/ rndK0kdif;a&m[if .../

a':ndK0kdif;/ [ifhtif; ... rajymwwfbl;/

udk&mjrifh/ ajym&r,f ... ajymygAsm/ uRefawmfhtcspfudkvufcHw,f r[kwfvm;[if/

a':ndK0kdif;/ ausmif;csdefeD;NyD oGm;awmhr,faemf/

udk&mjrifh/ (vufudkqGJxm;awmhra,mifûyNyD;) ajymygAsm ...ajymoGm;ygOD; rndK0dkif;&,f/

a':ndK0dkif;/ ]]tif; ... }} wpfvHk;wnf;ajymNyD; ... vuf0JbufodkY rajy;½Hkwrnf vSrf;0ifoGm;ap/)

(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)

tcef; (9)tcef; (9)


ae&m/ &Gmxdyf o&ufyifBuD;wpfyifatmuf

tcsdef/ naeydkif;

tjyiftqif/opfyifawmwef;a&;csuf aemufcHum;&Sd&rnf/a&SUem;wGif opfyifBuD;wpfyif oD;jcm;&Sd&rnf/ (opfyifazmufum; xm;&Sd&efjzpfonf/)

opfyifBuD;\atmufwGif c&mql;csKHrsm;udk vloGm;vrf;uav;csefí xm;&Sd&rnf/

(a&SUzHk;um;zGifh)

(a*[mrª; udk&mjrifh? tdkufcsKdESifh ausmif;om;cyfBuD;BuD; ESpfa,muf vuf,mbufrS xGufvmMuap/ [dk[kd 'D'D &SmazGMunfh½IaeMuap/)

tkdufcsKd/ uRefawmfwkdY&Smwm acsmif;xJa&m? &GmxJa&mESHUaeNyD/&THUxJrSmawmh ykef;raeEkdifbl;xifw,f rª;q&m/

ukd&mjrifh/ ae&mESHUatmif &SmMunfhwmaygh/ O,smOfvkyfwkef;u

&ifcGifaEG; 57

'Dae&mawGvnf; ausmif;om;awG a&mufzl;Muw,favuGm/ ntdyf&m0ifawmh ytkdY0fav; olUckwifrSm&Sdwm aocsmw,faemf/

tkdufcsKd/ aocsmygw,f rª;q&m/ uRefawmf taqmifESpfaqmifvHk;udk vkdufNyD;MunfhNyD;om;yg/

udk&mjrifh/ ytkdY0fav; 'gqkd 'DaeYreufapmapmusrS xGufajy;wmaocsmw,f/ 'Dawmh cyfa0;a0;roGm;Ekdifbl;/ teD;tem;rSmyJ ykef;aewmaerSmuG/ 'Dem;u &GmawGrSmvnf;olUtodrdwfaqG r&Sdbl;uGaemf/

tkdufcsKd/ r&Sdyg rª;q&m/

udk&mjrifh/ olbmjzpfvdkY xGufajy;w,fqkdwm rif;vnf;rodbl;aemf tkdufcsKd/

tkdufcsKd/ rodyg rª;q&m/

udk&mjrihf/ uJ ... opfudkif;opfcuf &Snf&Snfav;awG&SmNyD;csKHykwfawGudkvkdufNyD; tom&rf;MunfhMuprf;uGm/

(tkdufcsKdESifh ausmif;om;rsm; teD;tem;rS opfudkif;opfcufrsm;aumuf,lNyD; csKHykwfrsm;udk vdkuf&rf;MunfhMuap/ udk&mjrifhvnf; ae&mtESHU vkdufvHMunfhaeap/)

(watmifhtMumwGif o&ufyifBuD;ay:rS ]*Rwf ..*Rwf} jrnfoHay:xGufvmNyD; opfukdif;wpfudkif; usKd;usap/ opfudkif;ESifhtwl ]ytkdY0f} ausmif;om;av; c&mql;csKHwpfckay:odkY usvmap/)


&Smaeoltm;vHk;\toH/ [m ... ytkdY0fav; ... ytkdY0fav;(ajymajymqkdqdkyif ql;csKHrsm;udkausmfvTm;um ytkdY0fav;xHtjrefoGm;MuNyD; 0dkif;0ef;ayGUxlMuap/ ytdkY0fav;rSmwpfudk,fvHk; ql;jcpf&mrsm;ESifh aoG;tvdrf;vdrf;jzpfaeap/vloGm;vrf;uav;odkY ayGU,lvmNyD;aemuf udk&mjrifhuaoG;rsm;udkokwf? udk,fcE¨mudkprf;Munfhap/ ytkdY0fav;-emvGef;í ]trav;} atmf[pfnnf;nLaeap/)

udk&mjrihf/ uJ ... ytkdY0fav;udk wpfa,mufwpfvJ ayGUNyD;aq;ay;cef;udk ac:oGm;Mu&atmif/ [kdusrS bmjzpfoGm;vJqkdwm q&mr prf;ckdif;&r,f/ armifrSwfomu teDq&mrav;tdrfudkoGm;NyD; aq;ay;cef;udkvmcJhzkdYoGm;ajym../

(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)

tcef; (10)tcef; (10)


ae&m/ aus;&Gmaq;ay;cef;

tcsdef/ naeydkif;

tjyiftqif/ ysOfaxmifeH&Ha&;csuf aemufcHum;&Sd&rnf/ eH&HxdyfwGif ]aus;&Gmaq;ay;cef; uefOD;aus;&Gm} qdkif;bkwfi,f wpfck&SdNyD; eH&H\tjcm;ae&mrsm;wGif usef;rma&;ESifhywfoufonfhpmwef;rsm;/ ydkpwmrsm; uyfxm;&rnf/

aq;rsm;? aq;ypönf;rsm;xnfhxm;onfh AD½dkwpfvHk;vnf;&dS&rnf/ vuf,mbufwGifvnf; vlemvJavsmif;onfh ckwifwpfvHk;? vuf0Jbufem;wGifpm;yGJi,fwpfvHk;ESifh wef;vsm;wpfck? ukvm;xkdif oHk;av;vHk; &Sd&rnf/

(a&SUzHk;um;zGifh)

(aq;ay;cef;twGif; vli,fav;wpfa,muf xkdifvsuf&SdNyD; um;zGifhonfESifh udk&mjrifhESifh ausmif;om;av;rsm; Zmwfpifvuf,mbufrS xGufvmMuap/tkdufcsKdu ytkdY0fav;udk ayGUcsDvsuf&Sdap/ ytkdY0fav;


nnf;nLvsuf &Sdap/)

aq;cef;vli,f/ (olwkdYtzGJUtm; jrifvQifjrifcsif;xNyD;)

[m ... bmjzpfwmvJ ... vm ... ckwifay:cs/

(tkdufcsKd ytkdY0fav;udk ckwifay:csap/)

(a&SUqifhaemufqifhyif q&mrtac:vTwfvdkufaomausmif;om;av; armifrSwfom Zmwfpifvuf0JbufrSxGufvmap/)

udk&mjrifh/ armifrSwfom . . q&mr ygrvmbl;vm;/

armifrSwfom/ q&mr arG;vlem&SdvdkY [dkbuf&Gmudk vkdufoGm;w,fwJh rª;q&m/

udk&mjrifh/ [kwfvm; . . uJ armifrSwfom rif;yJ aq;q&mBuD; OD;t*¾udk oGm;yifhcJhuGm/

armifrSwfom/ [kwfuJh . . rª;q&m/ (vuf,mbufodkYtajy;uav;xGufoGm;ap/)

(udk&mjrifh ytkdY0fav;xH0ifoGm;NyD; tm;ay;pum;ajymap/aq;cef;vli,fav;ESifh tkdufcsKdwkdY ytkdY0fav;udk,fay:rSaoG;rsm;? &THUrsm;udk oefY&Sif;ay;aeMuap/ udk&mjrifhuOD;acgif;? ajcvufrsm;udk udkifwG,fvIyf&Sm;MunfhNyD;/ar;jref;ap/ nmbufajcudkudkifMunfhpOf ytdkY0fav; tvGefemonfh[efjzpfaeap/)

(xkdpOf q&mrav; a':ndK0dkif;ESifh ndKarmifwkdY armifESrZmwfpifvuf0JbufrS xGufvmNyD;)

&ifcGifaEG; 61

a':ndK0dkif;/uRefrtwef;xJu ytkdY0fav;ausmif;rwufvkdYar;Munfhwm aysmufaew,f? vkduf&Smaew,fqkdvkdY pdwfwxifhxifhjzpfaewm/ ausmif;qif;awmhrS aq;cef;a&mufaeNyDMum;vdkY vkdufvm&wm/ b,fvkdjzpfwmvJ[if/

udk&mjrifh/ xGufajy;NyD; opfyifay:wufykef;aewmav/uRefawmfwkdY vkduf&Smwkef; opfyiffay:uuswm rndK0kdif;&JU/

a':ndK0kdif;/bmjzpfvdkY xGufajy;&wmvJ[if/

udk&mjrifh/ tJ'gawmh wjznf;jznf;ar;Munfh&rSm/

a':ndK0dkif;/bmjzpfoGm;vJ/

udk&mjrifh/ nmbufajcaxmufawmh enf;enf;xdoGm;w,fxifw,f/ teDywfq&mr r&SdvdkY q&mBuD; OD;t*¾udk tac:vTwfxm;ygw,f/

(a':ndK0kdif; pdk;&drf[efESifh ta&SUbufodkY vSrf;xGufvmNyD; vuf,mbufodkY vSrf;arQmfMunfhap/)

(watmifhtMum aq;q&mBuD; OD;t*¾ aq;tdwfvG,fvsuf Zmwfpifvuf,mbufrS xGufay:vmap/armifrSwfomvnf; aemufrS vdkufygvmap/)

udk&mjrifh/ q&mBuD;a& ytkdY0fav; opfyifay:uusvdkY Munfhay;ygOD;? 'Du q&mrav;u arG;vlemqDoGm;w,fwJh/

(OD;t*¾ aq;tdwfab;csNyD; rtdkY0fav;udk udk,ftESHUprf;oyfMunfhap/ prf;oyfMunfhNyD;aemuf)

OD;t*¾/ bmrSrjzpfygbl;uGm/ enf;enf;yg;yg;av;yg/armifndKarmifeJY &Srf;av;wdkYu olUudk,fudkxdef;NyD; udkifay;


xm;yg/

ndKarmifESifh &Srf;av;wkdY ytkdY0fav;udk udkifay;xm;MupOf OD;t*¾ aq;tdwfxJrS ykvif;wpfckudkxkwf? txJrStqDtcsKdUjzifh ytdkY0fav;\ nmbufajcusif;0wfudk vdrf;íyGwfacsaeap/ ytkdY0fav; emusif[efESifh ½IHUrJhcHaeap/,if;odkYvkyfae&mrS OD;t*¾onf ½kwfw&uf ajcusif;0wfudk tm;pdkufíqGJvSnfhvkduf&m ytkdY0fav;onf]]tm;}} [k us,favmifpGmatmf[pfNyD; udk,fcE¨myg½kef;uefvIyf&Sm;oGm;ap/ndKarmifESifh &Srf;av;wkdY NrJNrJudkifxm;Mu&ap/)

OD;t*¾/ (atmifjrifaomtûyH;jzifh) NyD;oGm;ygNyD/

udk&mjrifh/ b,fvkdjzpfwmvJ q&mBuD;/

OD;t*¾/ nmbufajcusif;0wf tqpfvGJoGm;wmAs/'gaMumifhtJ'Dem;u t&rf;emaewm/ olUudkajymvkduf&if aMumufNyD;tudkifrcHrSmpdk;vdkY bmrSrjzpfygbl;vkdYajymwm/ tJ'g rkefYnif;qDeJY tomav;taMumawGajzay;aeNyD; ½kwfw&uftqpfudk qGJwnfhay;vkdufwmav/ cPawmhtemcH&wmayghAsm/

ukd&mjrifh? a':ndK0kdif;/ aMomf ... awmfao;wmaygh/

(ytkdY0fav; wuRwfuRwftoHûyí emusifvsuf&Sdap/)

OD;t*¾/ udk,fay:u ql;jcpf&mawGuawmh t&ufjyefxnfhNyD;aq;0gav; vdrf;ay;vkdufayawmh/

(aq;cef;apmifh vli,fav;u AD½dkzGifhNyD; t&ufjyef

&ifcGifaEG; 63

ykvif;? *Grf;ESifh aq;0gav;ykvif; xkwf,lay;ap/ ndKarmifESifh tkdufcsKdwkYd *Grf;rsm;wGif t&ufjyefqGwfNyD; ytkdY0fav;\udk,fay:rS 'Pf&m'Pfcsufrsm;udk xnfhay;aeap/ ytkdY0fav;pyfojzifh wtm;tm;atmfaeap/ ndKarmifu aq;0g&nfrsm; xnfhay;aeap/)

tkdufcsKd/ wpfudk,fvHk; ql;jcpf&mawG trsm;BuD;yJaemf/ aemufus&if tJ'Dql;csKHawG ckwfypfvkduf&ifaumif;rSm/

OD;t*¾/ (ukvm;xkdifwpfvHk;wGif xkdifMunfhae&if;ajym)

[m ... &Srf;av;& ... tJ'Dql;csKHawGaMumifh 'Daumifav;rusKd;ryJhwmuG/ ql;csKHawGomr&Sd&if usKd;yJhNyD; touftEÅ&m,fawmif pdk;&drf&rSm/

tkdufcsKd/ aMomf ... aMomf .../

ñdkarmif/ tif; ... c&mql;csKHawGuawmh &Sif;zkdYvnf;rvG,fbl;? acsmif;urf;&THUEGHrSeforQ olwdkYBuD;pdk;aewmcsnfhyJ/

OD;t*¾/ tif; ... obm0w&m;BuD;rSm a&m*gwpfckjzpfvm&if ukzkdYaq;qkdwm &SdpNrJyJuG/ rif;wkdY ]*syf} qdkwJhowå0gudk Mum;zl;w,fr[kwfvm;/

ñkdarmif/ uRefawmf acsmif;0rSm wpfcgjrifzl;w,f/ ydkufxJygvmwm/ a>rwpfrsKd;yJaemf tb/

OD;t*¾/ 'Da&wufwJha'o a&xJrSm *syfawG&Sdw,f/ *syfqkdwm a>rvkdowå0gjzpfayr,fh oluudkufwmr[kwfbl;uG,fh/ olYoGm;pG,fav;awGu yg;pyf&JUtjyifrSmxGufaewm/ vluolUudkwkd;rdvkdY olUtpG,feJYjcpfrdoGm;&if tpG,fxJ


u tqdyfu vlUcEmxJa&mufwmaygh/ olYtqdyfqdkwmutdyfaq;tjyif;pm;vdkY qkd&rSmaygh/ olUtqdyf0ifoGm;&iftdyfcsifr,f/ tJ'g tdyfcsifvkdY tdyfvdkufvkdYuawmh rEdk;awmhbl;/ aowmaygh/ tJ'Dtqdyfudk Ekdifwmu c&mql;yif&JUtjrpfuG,fh/ *syfxd&if c&mjrpfudk csufcsif;0g;pm;/ aoG;aomuf&w,f/ 'gaMumifh *syfa>rtEÅ&m,f&SdwJha'orSmtqdyfajzEkdifwJh c&mql;yifaygufa&mufwm[m obm0BuD;&JU aocsmrIayghuG,f/ ig;clql;pl;&if r"racguf aoG;vdrf;&wmvnf; tJ'DoabmyJ/

tkdufcsKd/ tHMop&myJaem/

udk&mjrifh/ tkdufcsKd . . rif;u olwpfyg;udkûypkukowm 0goemygawmh q&mBuD;ajymwmawG rSwfxm;uG/ wkdYjrefrmh½dk;&mukxHk;awG? jrefrmhwkdif;&if;aq;awG[m wu,fwefzkd;&Sdwm/

OD;t*¾/ wefzkd;&SdNyDvm; a*[mrª;&,f/ vlawGu wefzdk;xm;&rSef; rodvdkYyg/ vlUobm0vG,fvG,f&&if wefzdk;r&Sdbl;/cufcufcJcJ &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg;&wmrS wefzkd;&Sdw,fvdkY xifwwfMuwmudk;/ jrefrmwkdif;&if;aq;qdkwmu opfyif?opfoD;? opfO? opfzk? opfjrpf? opf&Guf? tyGifh pwJhobm0ypönf;awGeJY udk,fhjynfwGif;? udk,fha'otwGif;rSmyJazmfpyfwmqkdawmh taemufwkdif;aq;awGxuf vG,fvG,fulul&w,f/ aiGaMu;tm;jzifhvnf; oufomw,f/'Dawmh wefzdk;xm;&rSef; rodMubl;aygh/ aemufNyD; udk,fh&yfudk,fh&Gm udk,fhq&mqkdawmh txifrBuD;wmvnf; ygrSmayghav/

&ifcGifaEG; 65

a':ndK0kdif;/tkd . . uRefrwkdY&GmrSmawmh q&mBuD;udk tm;vHk;uwu,fav;pm;Mu? wu,ftm;udk;Muwmyg/

udk&mjrifh/ tck ytkdY0fav; ajcqpfvGJwmqkd&if q&mBuD; enf;vrf;wusukvkdufwm/ uRefawmfwkdYawmif rodvkdufbl;/aumif;oGm;NyD? tJ'gvufawGUyJav/

OD;t*¾/ tJ . . taMumif;qdkufvkdY &Sif;jyr,fav/ jrefrmhwkdif;&if;aq;ynmrSm uH? pdwf? Owk? tm[m&udk tajccHNyD; uko&w,f/ tck 'DytkdY0fav;udk ]]rif;ajcaxmuftqpfvGJoGm;NyDuGm? uJ rif;wkdYu oli,fav; r½kef;Ekdifatmifudkifxm;? iguqGJwnfhr,f]] vkdY ajymNyD;vkyfr,fqkd&if 'Duav; t&rf;aMumufNyD; ½kef;vm;? uefvm;vkyfawmhrSmaygh/ tck olYudk ta&;rBuD;oa,mifajym&if;olYajcaxmufu taMumawG? <uufoGm;awGudk ajyatmifajzNyD; qufceJqGJwnfhvkdufwm[m olU ]]pdwf"mwf}}udkûyjyifNyD; ukwJhoabmaygh/ tJ'g uH? pdwf? Owk?tm[m&qkdwJh tajccHawGxJu ]]pdwf}} aygh/

a':ndK0dkif;/taMum? t½dk;? tqpfeJYywfoufvkdY orm;awmf&JUuRrf;usifrIuvnf; vkdw,faemf q&mBuD;/

OD;t*¾/ aq;ynmeJY aq;ukxHk;uRrf;usifrIuawmh t"duyJayghav/ 'gaMumifhvnf; wkdif;&if;aq;q&m wpfa,mufjzpfzkdYqdkwm trsm;BuD;êud;pm;&ygw,f/ [kdwkef;uawmhuRrf;usifrIr&SdbJ wkdif;&if;aq;q&mBuD;qdkNyD; udk,fhudk,fudk,ftrnfcHMuwmawG&Sdawmh tkwfa&ma&m ausmufa&ma&mjzpfcJhw,fav/ tckacwfrSmawmh EkdifiHawmfu wkdif;&if;


aq;udk txl;tm;ay;aeNyDjzpfvkdY pepfwusoifwef;awGay;/ todtrSwfûyvTmawGeJY aqmif&GufaeNyDjzpfvkdY tcktcgrSm jrefrmwkdif;&if;aq;[m jrifhrm;vmygNyD/ trsm;uvnf; tm;udk;vmMuygNyD/

tkdufcsKd/ q&mBuD;cifAsm; ... [dkwpfcg qGrf;awmfBuD;vSnfhwkef;u acsmif;0u trsKd;orD;udk b,fvkdukay;vkdufwmvJcifAsm/

OD;t*¾/ aMomf . . acsmif;0u tysKdrav;vm;/ wu,fawmhtysKdazmf0ifptcsdef[m idkvdkuf? &,fvdkuf? [kdajym 'Dajymua,mifacsmufcsm;jzpfwwfwm obm0yg/ tJ'gudkq&mwk q&ma,mifeJYawGU? ya,m*qkdNyD; ½dkufr,fESufr,fvkyfwmudk;/ tJ ... tbqDa&mufvmawmh pdwfyHkrSefjzpfatmifvkyfNyD; qD;oD;eJY xef;vsufusKdauR;vkdufwmaumif;oGm;wmayghuGm [m; ... [m; ... [m;/ rif;wkdYvnf;rSwfxm;Mu qD;,dk[m tysKdazmf0ifcgp aoG;avrNidrfoufrIudk xdef;odrf;ay;Edkifw,fuG,fh/

tkdufcsKd/ [m... tHMop&myJaemf/ wkdif;&if;aq;awG odyfaumif;wmyJ q&mBuD;/

OD;t*¾/ at; . . &Srf;av; . . wkdif;&if;aq;udk pdwf0ifpm;&if aemufêuHwJhtcgwkdif; q&mBuD;ajymjyr,f/ uJ . .ytkdY0fav;udk,fay:u ql;jcpf&mawGvnf; aq;xnfhay;NyD;oGm;NyD/ teDq&mrjyefvm&ifawmh udkufcJrIoufomatmifxdk;aq;xdk;ay;zdkY ajymvdkufyg a*[mrª;a&/ q&mBuD;jyefawmhr,faemf/

&ifcGifaEG; 67

udk&mjrifh/ [kwfuJhyg ... q&mBuD; (vuftkyfcsDí) *g&0ûyygw,fcifAsm;/

(usefvlrsm;vnf; *g&0ûyMupOf aq;tdwfvG,fvsufOD;t*¾ Zmwfpif\ vuf,mbufodkY0ifap/)

udk&mjrifh/ uJ . . teDq&mrapmifh&if; ytkdY0fav; rif;bmjzpfvkdYxGufajy;w,fqdkwm rª;q&mudk ajymjyprf; . ./

(tm;vHk;0dkif;í pdwf0ifpm;pGm em;axmifMuap/ ytkdY0fav;xrnfûy&m ...)

udk&mjrifh/ rxeJY . . rxeJY? ajcaxmufudk tem;ay;xm;OD;/tdyfvsufyJajymjyyguGm/

ytkdY0fav;/ 'Dvkdyg . . rª;q&m/ raeYu naepmpm;NyD;awmhuRefawmf&,f? ausmufyk&,f? bk&m;wefaqmif;xJvrf;avQmufaewkef; aAGqdk;a&mufvmygw,f/ aAGqkd;u]ytkdY0fav;} vdkYac:&if rcHeJYwJh/ rif;emrnf crf;nDyJ/rif;udkESdrfcsifvdkY ytkdY0fav;vdkY ac:wmwJh/ olYudkvJ aAGqdk;vkdYac:&ifxkd;rSmyJwJh/ rif;udk ytkdY0fav;ac:&ifvnf; vufoD;eJYxkd;/ 'grS rac:&JrSmwJh/ tJ'geJY pum;ajymae&if;ausmufyku ytkdY0fav;vkdYac:awmh uRefawmfu rac:eJYajym/ ausmufyku ac:aeusrdkYac:wm bmjzpfwkH;qdkNyD;&efjzpfw,f/ uRefawmfu ausmufykudk vufoD;eJYxkd;wmolUyg;pyfxJu aoG;awGxGufvmawmh aAGqdk;u q&mawmfeJY vlBuD;awGod&if rif;wkdY&efjzpfwJhESpfa,mufvHk;udk xkwfypfrSmwJh/ aoG;xGufatmifvkyfwJhvluawmh axmifusrSmwJh/ tJ'geJY uRefawmfwkdYESpfa,muf rª;q&mukd rwkdif&J


bJ nwpfnvHk; uRefawmf axmifusrSmudkawG;NyD; tdyfraysmfbl;/ reufusawmh b,folrSrEkd;cif xGufajy;w,f/ ta0;BuD;ra&mufbJ jyefjyefvnfaew,f/ rkd;vif;awmh o&ufyifBuD;ay: wufykef;wmyg/ rª;q&mwkdYvmawmh aMumufvefYNyD; tay:udkif;udkvSrf;qGJrdvkdY udkif;usKd;uswmyg/

a':ndK0kdif;/ aMomf ... jzpfrSjzpf&avuG,f/

udk&mjrihf/ tif; ... aAGqkd;&JUpeufygvm;/ ytkdY0fav;&m rif;udkytkdY0fav;vkdYac:Muwm rif;udkcspfvdkYac:wmyguGm/aemufNyD; &efjzpfw,fqdkwdkif;vnf; a*[mu xkwfwmr[kwfygbl;uG/ tjypftBuD;tao;ppfMunfhOD;rSmyg/tck[mu rif;wkdYuoufoufrJh&efjzpfMuwmrS r[kwfbJaAGqkd;arTvdkYjzpf&wmyJ/ axmifvnf; rusygbl;uGm/

a':ndK0dkif;/ 'gqkd ... a*[mu xkwfy,fzkdY rvkdbl;ayghaemf/awmfao;wmaygh/ ytkdY0fav;u vl½dk;av;yg/

udk&mjrifh/ xkwfp&mrvkdygbl; rndK0kdif;&JU/ aAGqkd;udkawmhaAGrqkd;atmif b,fvdkudkifwG,f&rvJqdkwm pOf;pm;&r,f/

a':ndK0dkif;/uJ ... 'gqkd udk&mjrifhwkdY rpf'f0dkufudkapmifhOD;rSmr[kwfvm;? uRefrwkdY jyefvkdufOD;r,faemf/ (ndKarmifodkYvSrf;ajym) vm ... armifav; jyefMupdkY .../

(a':ndK0dkif;ESifh ndKarmifwkdY Zmwfpifvuf0JbufodkY0ifpOf)

(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)



ae&m/ y&[dwa*[m½Hk;cef;

tcsdef/ naeausmif;qif;NyD;csdef

tjyiftqif/ tcef; (3) twkdif; jyifqifxm;&rnf/

(a&SUzHk;um;zGihf)

(tcef;xJwGif y&[dwa*[m Ouú| OD;cspfwif? 'k-Ouú| OD;wifOD;ESifh twGif;a&;rª;? a*[mrª; udk&mjrifhwkdY pm;yGJwGif0dkif;xkdifvsuf aqG;aEG;aeMuap/)

ukd&mjrifh/ aAGqkd;vkdYac:wJh armifaiGpdk;udpöudk wkdifyifcsifvkdYOuú|wkdYudk zdwfvkduf&wmyg/ [dkwpfaeYu ytkd0fhav;xGufajy;&wJhudpö[m aAGqdk;u pvkdufwmyg/ Ouú|wdkYvnf; odNyD;a&maygh/

OD;cspfwif/ odNyD;ygNyD;/ y&[dwa*[mpnf;urf;csufrsm;eUJMunfhr,fqkd&if yxrqHk;tcsufeJY Nidr,fxifw,f/

OD;wifOD;/ (eH&Hay:rS pnf;urf;csufrsm;udk vSrf;zwfap/)

(wpf) wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; cdkuf&efa'gojzpfaprnfh apmif;


ajrmif;jcif;? BuD;Edkifi,fñ§Of;jcif;rsm; a&SmifMuOf&ef/

tif;...'DwpfcsufeJYu Nidw,fvnf;ajymvkdY&? rNidbl;vnf;ajymvkdU&aew,fAs/

OD;cspfwif/ olu ytdkY0fav;eJY ausmufykudk ckduf&efa'go jzpfatmif qGay;wmawmhtrSefyJ/

[dk..t&ifwpfcg ijyL;xef;wJoGm;wJhudpö jzpfcJhao;w,fr[kwfvm;? tJ'Dwkef;u ukd&mjrifh aAGqdk;udk b,fvdkqHk;rxm;cJhvJ/ tJ'geJYqufpyfMunfh&ifaumif;r,f/

udk&mjrifh/ tJ'Dwkef;uawmh? aemufwpfcg ijyL; xef;wJoGm;&ifa*[mu xkwfypfr,fvdkYajymxm;ygw,f/ tJ'Daemufydkif;xef;wJawmh roGm;awmhygbl;/

OD;cspfOD;/ tJ'gawmh vkdufemom;yJ/

OD;cspfwif/ pOf;pm;&wmawmh cyfMuyfMuyfyJAsm/...

ADZraumif;wmawmh trSefygyJ/ qGrf;qefxJ <uufacs; a&mwmayghAsm/ uRefawmfwdkY a*[mu xkwfypfvkduf&wJh tjzpfrsKd;awmh r&Sdapcsifygbl;/ q&mawmfBuD;&UJarwåm? u½kPmudkvnf; tav;*½kûyoifhw,f/

OD;wifOD;/ olYvkduav;rsKd;u t&yfxJa&mufoGm;&if vlqdk;?olcdk; jzpfoGm;rSm aocsmw,fAs/

udk&mjrifh/ uRefawmfwdkY 'Duav;ukd tckawGUNyD; oYlpdwfxJutajctaeukd avhvmMunfhNyD;rS qHk;jzwf&if aumif;rvm;/

OD;cspfwif+OD;wifOD;/ aumif;w,f..aumif;w,f/

udk&mjrifh/ (Zmwfpif vuf0JbufaxmifhodkYoGm;NyD; tcef;tjyif&SdtkdufcsKdudk vSrf;ajym[efESifh)

a[h..tkdufcsKda&..armifaiGpdk;udk oGm;ac:cJhuGm/ (tcef;tjyifbufrS tdkufcsKdtoHjzifh]][kwfuJh..rª;q&m}}toHxGufay:vmap/)

udk&mjrifh/ (ae&mwGif jyefxdkif&if;ajym) uRefawmfolYudk qdkufudkoHk;Munfhvdkufr,fAsm/

(pm;yGJay:&Sd a&aEG;Murf; "mwfbl;xJrS a&aEG;rsm;iSJUaomuf&if; pOf;pm;aeMuap/ cPtMum aAGqdk; (ac:)aiGpkd; vuf0JbufrS xGufvmap/)

aAGqdk;/ (pm;yGJem;wGif rwfwwf&yfNyD;) uRefawmfhukd ac:w,fqdkvdkY/

udk&mjrifh/ (pum;oH cyfjywfjywfESifh) rif;udk tjyifrSm xrif;auR;r,fhvl&Sdvm;/

aAGqdk;/ r&Sdygbl;/

udk&mjrifh/ at;..rif;u ytkdY0fav;eUJ ausmufykudk &efwdkufay;w,f/ a*[mpnf;urf;udkvnf; cPcPcsKd;azmufw,f/'gaMumifhrdkY rif;udk a*[mu xkwfypfzdkY wdkYqHk;jzwfvdkufNyD/

(aAGqdk;..rarQmfvifhonfh pum;Mum;&ojzifh idkifoGm;ap/ cPtMumwGif 'l;axmufcsvdkufNyD; udk&mjrifh

ajcaxmufudkzufNyD; idka<u;ap/)

aAGqdk;/ (idk,dkí) rª;q&m uRefawmhfudk rxkwfygeJY/ uRefawmf tjypfrvkyfawmhygbl;/ uRefawmfpnf;urf;vdkufemygr,f cifAs/

udk&mjrifh/ rif;..aemufaemif tjypfrvkyfawmhygbl;/ pnf;urf;vdkufemr,fqdkwm..iguawmh ,Hkw,fxm;... Ouú|BuD;wdkY ESpfa,mufu ,HkcsifrS,HkrSm/

aAGqdk;/ (OD;cspfwifESifh OD;wifOD;a&SUodkY 'l;axmuf&if; a½GUoGm;NyD; &Sdcdk;um) uRefawmfwu,f aemifw&ygNyD/ uRefawmf'Du xkwfvdkuf&if xrif;iwfrSmyg/ uRefawmfhudk rxkwfygeJY../

OD;cspfwif/ rif;u ytkdY0fav;wdkYudk bmjzpfvdkY wkdufay;&wmvJ.. ajymprf;ygOD;uG/

aAGqdk;/ uRefawmfhudk ]aAGqdk;}]aAGqdk;}vdkY ac:Muwm rcHcsifvdkY? ytdkY0fav;ukdvnf;rcHcsifatmifajymrdwmyg/ &efwdkufay;wm r[kwfygbl;/ wu,fyg/

udk&mjrifh/ uJ..rif;aemifw&NyDqdk&ifawmh Ouú|BuD;wdkYuxkwfypfwJh qHk;jzwfcsufukd jyefjyifay;ygvdrfhr,f/ 'gayrJhy&[dwa*[m&JU pnf;urf;csufawGudk vHk;0rcsKd;azmufygbl;qkdkwm? vufrSwfvnf;xdk;&r,f? bk&m;a&SUrSmvnf;opömqkd&r,f/ b,fhES,fhvJ? vkyfEdkifyghrvm;/

aAGqdk;/ vkyfEdkifygw,fcifAs/

72 Zifrif; (ordefaxm)&ifcGifaEG; 71

&ifcGifaEG; 73

udk&mjrifh/ uJ xx..(aAGqdk;rwfwwf&yf vufydkufaeap)/opömqkdw,fqdkwm cyfayghaygh r[kwfbl;/ opömysuf&ifbk&m;udk vdrfwmrkdYvkdY 'ku©a&mufr,f/ b,fhES,fhvJ? opömqkd&Jyghrvm;/

aAGqdk;/ qdk&Jygw,fcifAs/

OD;cspfwif/ a*[mpnf;urf;qdkwmvnf;uGm rvdkufemEdkifwJhudpöawGrS r[kwfbJ/ aemufNyD; rif;wkdYudk vlaumif;vlawmfav;awGjzpfatmif csrSwfxm;wJh pnf;urf;awGyJOpöm../

aAGqdk;/ [kwfuJhygcifAs/

udk&mjrifh/ aemufwpfck rif;eJYq&meJY tay;t,lwpfckvkyfr,f/tckcsdefupNyD; rif;udk ]aAGqdk;}vdkY b,folrS rac:ap&bl;/ac:wJhvlukd tjypfay;r,f/ eufjzefwef;pDrSm aMunmr,f/at;..rif;uvnf; q&mhudk uwdwpfckay;&r,f/ bmvJqdkawmh 'DESpf 6wef;atmif&r,f/ aemuf 2 ESpfrSm 8wef;atmif&r,f/ b,fhES,fhvJ? uwdûyEdkifrvm;/

aAGqdk;/ (pOf;pm;NyD;) [kwfuJh../ uRefawmf atmif,atmifBuKd;pm;yghr,fcifAs/

udk&mjrifh/ at;..'grSayghuG/ rif;eJY tdkufcsKdwdkY[m a*[mukdwpfûydifwnf;a&mufvmwm/ tkdufcsKdu tck 7 wef;?rif;u 6 wef;/

OD;cspfwif/ uJ..armifaiGpkd; rif;tckcsdefupNyD; vlopfpdwfopfeJU

vlawmfvlaumif;av;jzpfoGm;NyDvdkY wdkYwpfawG owfrSwfvdkufNyDuGm/ 0rf;omw,fa[h/

OD;cspfOD;/ wdkY&GmxJuvnf; rif;udk aAGqdk;vdkY rac:atmifig wm0ef,lw,f/ rifbufuom vlawmfvlaumif;av;jzpfatmifvkyfyg/

aiGpdk;/ (0rf;omtm;&rsufESmjzifh) [kwfuJhygcifAs/

udk&mjrifh/ uJ..armifaiGpdk;vm..bk&m;aqmifoGm;NyD; opömqdk&r,f/

(tm;vHk;rwfwwff&yfvdkufpOf../)

(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)




umv/ 1991 ckESpf? aEGausmif;ydwf&ufumv

ae&m/ uefOD;&Gm tv,fwef;ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD;½Hk;cef;


tjyiftqif/ tcef; (7) twkdif; jyifqif&rnf/

(a&SUzHk;um;zGihf)

(ausmif;½Hk;cef;xJwGif q&m? q&mr 6 a,mufcefYausmif;om;pm&if;rsm; ûypkaeMuap/ q&mOD;wifhvGif? q&mra':cifEGJU? q&mrav; a':nKd0dkif;wdkYyg&Sdap/ ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD;OD;oef;xGef;u vdkufvHí ñTefjyajymqdkaeap/)

(cPtMumwGif q&mOD;&DESifh a*[mrª;ukd&mjrifhwdkYZmwfpifvuf,mbufrS xGufvmap/)

OD;oef;xGef;/ q&mOD;&D jyefvmNyDvm;/ udk&mjrihfvnf;ygvmwmudk;/ vmxdkifMuygOD;Asm/ y&[dwa*[m apmifha&Smufa&;tzGJUu b,fvkdrsm;pDpOfMurvJ/ a[m'DrSm a&aEG;Murf;eJYvufzufokyf pm;MuAsm/ (ukvm;xdkifodkY jyefxdkifap/)

OD;&D/ uRefawmfuawmh y&[dwa*[m tpnf;ta0;udkq&mBuD;udk,fpm; oGm;wuf&awmh? Adkufum;vmygNyD/8wef; Result 0rf;omp&mudpö tpnf;ta0;qkdawmhvufzuf&nfeJUrkefYawG pHkaewmyJ/

OD;oef;xGef;/ [kwfvm;...uRefawmfrwufvdkufEdkifwm emoAsm/'DrSmvnf; pm&if;awGtcsdefrDydkYEdkifzkdYu ta&;BuD;aewmudk;/uJ ajymjyygOD; a*[mrª;BuD;&JU/ bmawGrsm;pDpOfMuovJqdkwm/ tck 8 wef;atmifpm&if; 19 a,mufrSm y&[dwu 5 a,mufygwmaemf/

udk&mjrifh/ [kwfygw,fcifAsm/ uRefawmfwdkY y&[dwu7 a,mufajzwm? 5 a,muf atmifygw,f/ tJ'DxJrSm&Srf;av; tkdufcsKdvnf; tygt0ifaygh/

OD;oef;xGef;/ at;Asm 0rf;omvdkufwm/ atmifwJhuav;awGb,fvdkqufpDpOfrvJ? ajymygOD;/

udk&mjrifh/ 2 a,mufu 'Dwpf0dkufu uav;awGqdkawmholwdYkaqGrsKd;om;csif;awG a&mufvmNyD;? olwdkYoifhovdkpDpOfr,f? jyefac:yg&apvdkYawmif;MuvdkY? olYtpDtpOfeJYoljzpfoGm;ygw,f/ 2 a,mufuawmh rdbvnf;r&Sd olwdkYudkac:vmwJh t&yfa'ouvnf;a0;awmh aqGrsKd;om;csif;tquftoG,fuvnf; jywfoGm;NyDav/ 'ghaMumifh olwkdYudkawmh pufrIvufrIausmif;udk avQmufay;zdkY qHk;jzwfxm;ygw,f/


&ifcGifaEG; 77

OD;oef;xGef;/ [if...xl;cRefwJh tkdufcsKdudkawmh bmrSvkyfray;bl;vm;/

OD;&D/ xl;cRefwJhuav;rdkYvdkY oD;jcm;pDpOfxm;ygw,fq&mBuD;/

udk&mjrifh/ 'Dvkdyg/ uRefawmfwdkY&JU y&[dw q&mawmfBuD;uzsmyHkûrdUay:rSm bdk;bGm;&dyfomBuD;wpfckudk wnfaqmufaewmMumygNyD/ tckawmh jynfhpHkNyDjzpfvdkY bdk;bGm;&dyfomudk'DESpfydkif;rSm rMumcifuyJ zGifhvSpfvkdufygNyD/ uefawmfBuD;teD;rSm wnf&Sdygw,f/ tdkufcsKdudk tJ'DuefawmfBuD; bdk;bGm;&dyfomrSm vufaxmufa*[mrª; wm0efay;NyD;? bkd;bGm;&dyfom wm0efvnf;vkyf? tJ'DrSmyJaeNyD; txufwef;ausmif;udk qufwufzdkY pDpOfvdkufygNyD q&mBuD;/

OD;oef;xGef;/ [m odyfaumif;wJhtpDtpOfygvm;Asm/ olUtwGufpm;a&;? aea&; ryl&bJ ausmif;qufwufEkdifwJhenf;aygh/uefawmfBuD;qdkwm t.x.u (1) eJY eD;w,fAs/ oGm;a&;?vma&;vnf; tcuftcJr&Sdbl;/ aumif;Asm...cifAsm;wdkYtpDtpOfuawmh ]]twdkif;xuftvGef? wHcGefeJYukuúm;}}ygvm;AsKdU.../

OD;&D/ tdkufcsKdu 10wef;ukdvnf; xl;xl;cRefcRef atmifr,fhuav;As/ tJ ...wuúodkvftxdawmif olYtwGufêudpOf;pm;xm;zdkYvdkr,faemf/

ukd&mjrifh/ [kwfw,fcifAs/ pOf;pm;xm;&r,fhudpöyg/ ûrdUudkoGm;NyD; olUudktyf&if;? q&mawmfBuD;udkvnf; avQmuf

cJh&OD;r,f/ aemufNyD; uRefawmfwdkY y&[dwa*[mudk ûrdUay:uae wpfzufwpfvrf;u yHhydk;ulnDaewJh ]]y&[dwtusKd;aqmiftzGJU}}qdkwmvnf;ûrdUay:rSm &Sdaeygw,f/ olwkdYudkvnf; tultnDawmif;cJhyghr,f/

OD;oef;xGef;/ aumif;ygavhAsm/

OD;wifhvGif/ (pma&;aejcif;udk acwå&yfí) &Srf;av;tkdufcsKdûrdUa&mufoGm;&ifawmh? a*[mrª;BuD; vufwpfzufûywfovdkjzpfNyDayghaemf/

udk&mjrifh/ 'gawmh'gayghAsm/ uRefawmfeJYtwl 'DrSmyJaeqkdvnf; aerSmyg/ 'gayrJh olYa&SUa&;udk Munfhoifhw,fav/olu xl;cRefr,fhuav;As/

OD;wifhvGif/ tkdufcsKdr&Sdayr,fh? armifnKdarmifuawmh &SdaeOD;rSmyg/

a':cifEGJU/ (pma&;cP&yfí) [kwfw,f? nDawmfarmifwpfa,mufvHk;&Sdaeao;wmav/

(tm;vHk; a':nKd0dkif;ukd vSrf;MunfhNyD; &,fMuap/ a':nKd0dkif;rsufESmrxm;wwfjzpfap/)

OD;oef;xGef;/ (NyKH;pdpdrsufESmjzifh) tif;...taMumif;qdkifvdkY ar;&OD;r,fAs/ a':nKd0dkif;wdkYa&m b,fvdkwkH;/ vufzGJUpDpOfxm;&awmhrvm;/

usefq&m? q&mrrsm;/ [kwfw,f? [kwfw,f? b,fawmhvJ.../


a':nKd0dkif;/ (a&;vufpukd &yfvdkufNyD; rJhwJhwJhtoHjzifh)&SifwkdYa*[mrª;u olY&ifaoG;av;awG &ifcGifrJhjzpfoGm;rSmpkd;owJh&Sifh.../

(tm;vHk;&,farmMuap/ ukd&mjrifhu ûyH;NzD;NzD;rsufESm jzpfoGm;pOf)

(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)



umv/ 1991 ckESpf

ae&m/ zsmyHkûrdU? uefawmfBuD;bdk;bGm;&dyfom? ½Hk;cef;

tcsdef/ rGeff;vGJydkif;

tjyiftqif/ opfom;taqmuftODwpfck\ ysOfaxmifeH&Ha&;csuf aemufcHum;&Sd&rnf/ aemufcHum;\ tay:em;wGif]]bdk;bGm;&dyfom}} [laom qkdif;bkwfi,f csdwfqGJxm;&rnf/]]oufBuD;&G,ftkdb0udk pdkjynfapzdkY BuKd;yrf;pkdY}} ]]oifvnf;wpfaeY tkd&tHh}}]]£a"0eH yoH oEÅd aypöoa*¾yarm'wd}}ponfh pmom;rsm;vnf; eH&Hay:wGif uyfxm;&rnf/

a&SUydkif;wGif vuf0Jbufjcrf;ü qufwDwpfpHk? vuf,mbufjcrf;ü pm;yGJwpfvHk;ESifh ukvm;xdkifrsm; csxm;&rnf/pm;yGJab;wGif AD½dkwpfvHk;vnf; &Sd&rnf/

(a&SUzHk;um;zGihf)

(bdk;bGm;&dyfom a*[mrª; OD;atmif? pm;yGJwGifxdkifía&;rSwfaeap/ vloHrsm;Mum;&í vuf,mbuftcef; tjyifbufodkY vSrf;MunfhvdkufNyD;)

&ifcGifaEG; 79

OD;atmif/ a[m...Ouú|? twGif;a&;rª;wdk Yygvm;/y&[dw a*[mrª;BuD;vnf; ygvmwmukd;/ (xdkif&mrSxNyD;a&SUydkif;okdYxGufí êudqdkap/)

(OD;ñGefYodef;? OD;0if;wif? OD;xGef;&nf? OD;armifMunf?udk&mjrifhESifh tdkufcsKdwdkY Zmwfpifvuf,mbufrS xGufvmap/ OD;atmifu qufwDwGif ae&may;ap/)

OD;atmif/ ({nfhonfrsm; xkdifNyD;aemuf ajym) uRefawmfvufzuf&nf 0,fcdkif;vdkufOD;r,f/ cPav;aemf/

OD;ñGefYodef;/ a*[mrª;BuD; r0,feJY? r0,feJY/ uRefawmfwdkYvufzuf&nfqdkifu vmMuwm/ uefOD;y&[dw a*[mrª;BuD;u ûrdUukdtvmusJawmh a&mufwkef;a&mufck duf{nfh0wfûy&wm/ olu olU&GmoGm;&if tm;emp&maumif;avmufatmif auR;wmAs/

udk&mjrifh/ 'guvnf; q&mawmfBuD;&JU arwåmygAsm/

OD;ñGefYodef;/ a&aEG;Murf;yJ pDpOfAsm a*[mrª;BuD;/ NyD;awmhta&;BuD; aqG;aEG;wdkifyifMur,fAsm/

OD;atmif/ [kwfuJh...[kwfuJh/

(Zmwfpifvuf0JbufokdY cP0ifNyD; a&aEG;Murf;Aef;udk ,lNyD;jyefxGufvm/ qufwDpm;yGJay:csay;NyD; aemuf?xdkifcHkwpfckudk,lNyD; qufwDwGif 0dkif;xdkifap/ tdkufcsKduqufwDxdkifcHkwGif xdkifae&mrS xNyD;..)

tdkufcsKd/ OD;av;a*[mrª; qufwDrSmxdkifyg/ uRefawmfxdkifcHkrSm xkdifyghr,fcifAs/

(OD;atmif? tkdufcsKdudk tûyH;ESifhMunfhNyD; qufwDcHkwGifoGm;xdkifap/ tdkufcsKd? ukvm;xdkifwGif cyf,dkY,dkYxdkifap)

ukd&mjrifh/ uJ..uRefawmfuyJ ywfvnf rdwfqufay;yghr,f/

(OD;xGef;&nfukd ñTefjyNyD;) a[m'D OD;xGef;&nfuawmh uefOD;y&[dwtwGuf NrKdUay:uae tusKd;aqmifay;aewJh tusKd;aqmiftzGJU Ouú|yg/ a[m'D (OD;ñGefYodef;udkñTefjyNyD;) OD;ñGefYodef;uawmh tusKd;aqmiftzGJU twGif;a&;rª;yg? tck 'Dbdk;bGm;&dyfom wnfaxmifzGJYpnf;vdkufawmh? bdk;bGm;&dyfom Ouú|tjzpf wm0ef,l&wJh yk*¾Kdvfjzpfygw,f/ (OD;armifMunfod k YñTef jyNyD;) a[m'DOD;armifMunfuawmh y&[dw tusKd;aqmiftzGJUrSm tvGeftm;udk;&wJh tzGJU0if OD;armifMunfyg/ (OD;0if;wifodkYñTefjyNyD;) OD;0if;wifuawmh odMuNyD;jzpfrSmyg/ bdk;bGm;&dyfom&UJ twGif;a&;rª;aygh/

OD;atmif/ uRefawmfwdkY bdk;bGm;&dyfomudk vGefcJhwJh rwfvrSm pzGifhuwnf;u bdk;bGm;&dyfom aumfrwD Ouú|BuD;OD;ñGefYodef;eJY twGif;a&;rª;OD;0if;wifwdkY 'DrSm tNrJvdkvdka&muf&Sdaqmif&Gufaewmyg/ OD;xGef;&nfeJY OD;armifMunfwdkYudkawmh tckrSod&ygw,f/ 0rf;omygw,f cifAsm/uRefawmf\wkdY bdk;bGm;&dyfomudkvnf; 0dkif;NyD; tusKd;aqmif

&ifcGifaEG; 81 82 Zifrif; (ordefaxm)

ay;MuygcifAs/

udk&mjrifh/ pdwfcs-OD;atmifa&...'Dyk*¾KdvfawGu y&[dwa*[mtwGuf pma&;q&ma[majymyGJawG? ½kyf&SifjywmawGeJY &efyHkaiGBuD;BuD;us,fus,f &Smay;cJhwmvnf; olwdkYyJ/tckvnf; yHkrSeftvªaiG&&Sdatmif aqmif&Gufay;aeMuwkef;ygyJ/ tckawmh q&mawmfBuD;u y&[dw a*[mtjyiftckvdk bdk;bGm;&dyfomudkvnf; xyfrHwnfaxmifvdkufjyefawmh 'Dyk*¾KdvfawG[m bdk;bGm;&dyfomtwGufvnf;tusKH;0ifoGm; ygw,fAsm/

OD;armifMunf/ tif;..uRefawmfwdkYwpfawGuawmh y&[dwa*[mrª;BuD;&JU tajymaumif;? ta[maumif; pum;awGxJrSm r½kef;omatmif vkyfae&wJh vlawGayghAsm [J...[J../

udk&mjrifh/ OD;atmifa&...uRefawmfwdkY tck cifAsm;ukd vufaxmufa*[mrª; vmtyfwmAs/

OD;atmif/ tdkufcsKdqdkwJhuav;udk 'DrSm vufaxmufa*[mrª;tjzpfxm;NyD; ausmif;wufckdif;r,fh tpDtpOfr[kwfvm; cifAsm/ q&mawmfBuD;u uRefawmfhukdac:NyD;trdefY&SdNyD;ygNyD/

udk&mjrifh/ [kwfygw,f/ q&mawmfBuD;qD pmeJYvnf;BuKdwifavQmuf? tckvnf; uRefawmfwkdYwpfawG q&mawmfBuD;&JU ausmif;wkdufuae 'Dudk vmcJhMuwmAs/ (tdkufcsKdukdñTefjyNyD;) a[m'Duav;ygyJ/ &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;av;yg/

olu pmêud;pm;NyD; xl;cRefwmaMumifh txufwef;ausmif;udk qufwufzdkY pDpOf&wmyg/ olu y&[dw pdwf"mwftjynfh&SdvdkY bkd;bGm;&dyfomeYJvnf; udkufw,fav/ olYudkpdwfcsvufcs wm0efay;vdkY&ygw,f/ uJ..tkdufcsKda&..rif;tckcsdefupNyD; a*[mrª;BuD; OD;atmifeJYwGJNyD;? bkd;bGm;&dyfomwm0efawGukd xrf;aqmifayawmh/ bkd;bGm;&dyfomOuú|BuD; OD;ñGefYodef;eJY twGif;a&;rª;OD;0if;wifwdkYuvnf;wlt&if;uav;vdk qHk;rygcifAs/ tm;vHk;ukd tyfygw,f/

tdkufcsKd/ (xdkif&mrS xíajym)[kwfuJh..uRefawmfhudk OD;av;wdkY cdkif;MuygcifAs/ qHk;rp&m&Sd&ifvnf; qHk;ryg/ uRefawmfemcHygw,f/

OD;atmif/ bdk;bGm;&dyfomvkyfief;vnf;rysuf? txufwef;ausmif;udkvnf; wufEdkifatmif uRefawmftvkyfawG tqifajyatmif pDrHay;yghr,fcifAsm/ pm;wmuawmh uRefawmfwdkYbkd;bGm;&dyfom0efxrf;awG pm;&wJhtwdkif;ayghAsm/ aep&mawGuawmh trsm;BuD;yg/

udk&mjrifh/ pm;0wfaerIudpöuawmh tkdufcsKdu y&[dwausmif;om;b0eJU q,fESpfom;avmufuwnf;u aevmwmqkdawmh olaewwf? pm;wwfygw,f/

OD;ñGefYodef;/ y&[dwa*[mrª;aumif;wpfa,muf&JU vufxGufyJ? vlaumif;vlawmfav;jzpfrSm aocsmygw,fAsm/wdkif;&if;om;av;qdkawmh t½dk;cHpdwf"mwf&SdNyD;om;aygh/OD;atmiftwGuf taxmuftultrsm;BuD;&rSmyg/ t"du


uawmh armiftkdufcsKd&m..bkd;awG? bGm;awGudk odrfodrfarGUarGU vkyfukdifay;zdkYygyJ/ 'DrSm tbkd; 12 a,mufeJYtbGm; 12 a,muf &Sdw,f/

tdkufcsKd/ [kwfuJh? vdkufemyghr,fOD;av;/

OD;0if;wif/ bdk;bGm;&dyfomu wnfaxmifcgpqkdawmh vdktyfcsufawG&SdaerSmyJ/ armiftkdufcsKdu vdkwJhae&mrSm jznfhNyD; vkyfayghuGm/ OD;av;vn f; tcsdefjynfheD;yg; 'DrSm&SdaerSmyg/

udk&mjrifh/ tvkyfuawmh rjiif;wJhuav;yg OD;0if;wifa&/uRefawmfvnf; &Gmuy&[dwrSm olvdkvlrsKd;tpm;xdk;rawGUao;bl;As/ ol'Dudka&mufvmawmh uRefawmhftwGufvufarmif;wpfzufûywfoGm;wmyJ/

tdkufcsKd/ uRefawmf aEGausmif;ydwfwJhtcg &GmudkjyefvdkY&w,fr[kwfvm;/ rª;q&mudk vkyfay;&r,fhtvkyfawG tJ'DtcsdefrSm vkyfay;rSmaygh../


OD;armifMunf/ tif;..'Dvdkwynfhav;awGaMumifh uRefawmfwdkYy&[dwa*[mrª;BuD;vnf; C&m0go orÜm'eJY a0;aewmjzpfr,fAs [J..[J../

OD;ñGefYodef;/ [kwfyghAsm/ usKyfwkdYvlysKdBuD; wa&GUa&GUeJYtoufawGBuD;vmNyDaemf/ tcsdefav;&Sdwkef; udk,fhb0

vufwGJazmfav;bmav; pOf;pm;OD;...As/

OD;armifMunf/ &GmrSmrawGUao;&ifvnf;ajymaemf/ uRefawmfucifAsm;udk a,mufzawmfcsifaewm/

ukd&mjrifh/ [m...udkarmifMunfuawmh vkyfNyD/

OD;armifMunf/ bmvJ- (ûyH;pdpdESifh) tpfrBuD;rêudufvkdYvm;/'gqkd ti,fra&m b,fhES,fhvJ.../

usefvlrsm;/ [m;...[m;...[m;...[m;.../

ukd&mjrifh/ at;Asm..cifAsm;wdkYaemufr,fqdkvnf; aemufp&myJ/ uRefawmhftouf (30) em; eD;vmNyDav/ tif;..'gayrJhuRefawmfh &ifcGifxJrSm &ifaoG;av;awG &Sdaew,fAsm/

OD;xGef;&nf/ aMomf...y&[dwa*[mrª; vkyf&wmvnf; rvG,fygvm;Asm/ ukd,fa&;udk,fwmudk ab;z,fxm;&ovdkyJaemf/

udk&mjrifh/ [kwfygw,f/ uRefawmf [dkt&ifwkef;uqdk ûrdUudkrMumcPa&mufw,f/ cifAsm;wdkYeYJ cPcPawGU&w,f/aemufawmh uav;awGvnf;ydkrsm;vm? y&[dwa*[mtwGuf vkyf&r,fhtvkyfawGuvnf; ydkrsm;vm? 'ghaMumifhaemufydkif;ûrdUudk ta&mufenf;vmw,fAsm/ cifAsm;wdkYwpfawGudk rcifvdkYr[kwfygbl;aemf/

OD;xGef;&nf+OD;ñGefYodef;+OD;armifMunf/ odygw,fAsm/

udk&mjrifh/ uRefawmf 'DudkrMumcP rvmEdkifayr,fh cifAsm;


wkdYwpfawGuawmh 'Dbkd;bGm;&dyfomudk rMumcP vmay;MuygAsm/ &dyfomBuD; wdk;wufcdkifNrJatmif 0dkif;0ef;ulnDay;MuygOD;/

OD;ñGefYodef;/ pdwfcsyg udk&mjrifh&m/ (eH&Hay:&Sd pmwef;udk vufn§Kd;xdk;jyNyD;) tJ'D]]£a"0eH yoH oEÅd? aypöoa*¾ yarm'wd}} qdkwJh t*kFw¬Kd&fvm ygVdawmfukd a&;xm;wmawGUw,fr[kwfvm;/]]w&m;ü vdr®molwdkYonf BuD;olukdylaZmfukef\/ xdkolwdkYonf rsufarSmufukd,f\ tjzpfüvQifcsD;rGrf;xkdufukef\/ wrvGefb0üvnf; ok*wdokdYa&mufukef\}} vkdY t"dyÜm,f&SdwmrdkY uRefawmfwkdYwpfawG bdk;bGm;&dyfomudk rvmrSm ryleJYAsKdU.../

udk&mjrifh/ [kwfygNyDAsm...[kwfygNyD/ ukdif;...tkdufcsKd rif;usef&pfcJhayawmhaemf/ rª;q&m ckyJ&Gmudk jyefawmhr,f/(ukd&mjrifhESifhtwl tm;vHk;xap/)

tdkufcsKd/ [kwfuJh-rª;q&m/ (udk&mjrifhudk xdkifuefawmhap/)

udk&mjrifh/ om"kAsm-om"k-om"k/ ighwynfh aumif;usKd;vdktifqE´awG jynfh0ygapAsm;.../

OD;atmif/ pdwfcsNyD;xm;cJhyg OD;&mjrifha&..

(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)



ae&m/ bdk;bGm;&dyfom? bGm;aqmif

tcsdef/ eHeufapmapm

tjyiftqif/ wef;vsm;tdyfaqmifwpfck\ tkwfeH&Ha&;csufaemufcHum;&Sd&rnf/ tuefYwkdif;wGif jywif;aygufrsm;

yg&Sdonf/

a&SUwGif wpfa,muftdyfckwifav;ig;vHk; (ZmwfcHk

qHhoavmuf) xm;&rnf/ ckwifay:wGif arGU&mtcif;?

acgif;tHk;? jcifaxmif (wifvsuf) &Sd&rnf/ ckwifwpfckESifh

wpfcktMum;wGif AD½dktykuav;wpfvHk;pD&SdNyD;? AD½dkwdkif;

ay:wGif vltkdtoHk;taqmifrsm; oifhovdk wifxm;&rnf/

(a&SUzHk;um;zGihf)

(ckwifoHk;vHk;ay:wGif tbGm;rsm; vJavsmif;vsuf

&Sdap/ apmifwpf0ufwpfjyuf ûcHvsuf&Sd&rnf/)

(tdkufcsKd/ qefûywfyef;uef oHk;av;vHk;ygaom vifyef;

&ifcGifaEG; 87

wpfcsyfukd r,udkifvsuf vuf,mbufrS 0ifvmap/)

tdkufcsKd/ tbGm;wkdYtwGuf qefûywf,lvmygNyD/

(tbGm;rsm;\ AD½dkuav;rsm;ay:wGif qefûywfyef;uefrsm; vsifjrefpGm vdkufcsay;ap/

xdkYaemuf vifyef;udk vGwfaeaom ckwifwpfvHk;ay:wGifcPcscJhNyD; tbGm;rsm;udkvdkufí xlay;ap/)

tdkufcsKd/ (xlay;&if;ajym) bdk;bGm;awGawmh abmZeaqmifrSm qefûywfaomufaeMuygNyD/ bGm;wkdYvnf; abmZeaqmifudk roGm;Edkifayr,fh 'DrSmyJ at;at;aq;aq;aomufMuygaemf/ uRefawmfqefûywftydkvnf; ,lvmygw,f/ aemufNyD; qm;yef;uefa&m? oMum;yef;uefyg ,lvmygw,f/ êudufwmukd ajymygaemf? uRefawmf xnfhay;yghr,f/

tbGm;rsm;/ om"kuG,f..om"k..om"k/

tbGm;wpfOD;/ tbGm;udkawmh qm;enf;enf;xnfhay;yg/

tjcm;wpfOD;/ tbGm;vnf; qm;yJ/

tjcm;wpfOD;/ tbGm;awmh oMum;eJYaomufr,f/

tdkufcsKd/ [kwfuJh...[kwfuJh...(qm;yef;uefESifh oMum;yef;uefukdifvsuf vdkovdk vdkufxnfhay;ap/)

tbGm;wpfOD;/ om;av;u vlopfvm;uG,fh/

tdkufcsKd/ [kwfuJh/uRefawmfu uefOD;y&[dw,uyg/ 'DrSmvufaxmufa*[mrª;wm0efxrf;&if; txufwef;ausmif;

rSm ausmif;wufrSmygtbGm;/

tbGm;wpfOD;/ &Srf;oH0Jw,f? &Srf;av;vm;uG,fh/

tdkufcsKd/ [kwfuJh tbGm;/

tbGm;wpfOD;/ &nf&nfrGefrGefav;yJ/

tdkufcsKd/ tbGm;wkdY at;at;aq;aq; aomufMuaemf/uRefawmf bk&m;cef;udk oGm;oefY&Sif;vdkufOD;r,f/

tbGm;rsm;/ at;..at;/

(tdkufcsKd? vuf0JbufokdY0ifoGm;ap/ tbGm;oHk;a,muf qefûywfrsm;aomufaeMuap/ twefMumvQif tdkufcsKdjyefxGufvmap/)

tdkufcsKd/ tbGm;wkdY qefûywf,lOD;rvm;/

tbGm;rsm;/ awmfygNyDuG,f/

(tkdufcsKd? yefuefrsm;vkdufodrf;NyD; vifyef;xJxnfhap/ NyD;aemuf vifyef;ukd cPwifxm;cJhNyD;? wHjrufpnf;,lí tcef;ukd wHjrufpnf;vSnf;usif;aeap/ tbGm;rsm;tdkufcsKd udkMunfhNyD; ]om"k} ac:aeMuap/)

(Zmwfpif vuf,mbufrS a*[mrª;OD;atmifxGufvmap/)

OD;atmif/ tbGm;awG qefûywfaomufNyD;oGm;NyDvm;tkdufcsKd/

tdkufcsKd/ [kwfuJh yD;oGm;yD OD;av;atmif/


OD;atmif/ 'Dvdkqdk rif;ausmif;oGm;zdkUjyifawmh/ ausmif;roGm;cif qefûywfaomufoGm;OD;aemf/ (tbGm;rsm; a&SUokdUoGm;NyD;)aeYpOf tcsdefZ,m;t& 'Dtcsdef[m bk&m;a&SUrSm w&m;½IrSwf&r,fhtcsdefyg tbGm;wkdY/ "r®m½HkxJrSmawmh bdk;bGm;awGw&m;rSwfaeMuygNyD/ 'Du tbGm;wkdUuawmh 'DtaqmifxJubk&m;a&SUrSmoGm;NyD; rSwfEdkif&ifrSwf? roGm;Edkif&ifvnf; udk,fhckwifrSmyJ ukd,fw&m;rSwfwmayghaemf/

tbGm;rsm;/ [kwfuJh? [kwfuJh.../

(tdkufcsKd wHjrufpnf;ukd wpfae&mwGif axmifcJhNyD;? yef;uefrsm;xnfhxm;aom vifyef;udko,fí Zmwfpifvuf,mbufokdY 0ifoGm;ap/ OD;atmifu Zmwfpifvuf0JbufodkY oGm;ap/)

(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)



ae&m/ zsmyHk? t.x.u (1)? 9wef; (u) pmoifcef;

tcsdef/ naeausmif;qif;cgeD;tcsdef

tjyiftqif/ pmoifcef; tkwfeH&Ha&;csuf aemufcHum;&Sd&rnf/tuefYwdkif;wGif jywif;aygufrsm;yg&Sdonf/

a&SUwGif pmoifcHkrsm;udk 0JrS,mokdY rsufESmûyí ZmwfpifqHhoavmuf xm;&Sd&rnf/ pmoifcHkrsm;ESifh rsufESmcsif;qkdifwGif pmoifabmwpfck&Sd&rnf/ abmxdyfem;wGifIX (A) [k a&;xm;&rnf/

(a&SUzHk;um;zGihf)

(pmoifcHkrsm;wGif ausmif;om;?ausmif;ol cGJjcm;í ae&m,lvsuf q&mr a':MuLMuLodef;u pmoifaeap/)

a':MuLMuLodef;/ (abmrSma&;vufpudk tNyD;owfí ausmif;om;^ausmif;olrsm;bufodkYvSnfhvdkufNyD;) uJ...'DaeYoifcef;pmuawmh 'DrSm&yfr,f/...ausmif;rqif;cif q&mr

&ifcGifaEG; 91

rif;wkdYudk wpfckajymcsifwm&Sdw,fuG,fh/ uJ-pmtkyfawGvG,ftdwfxJ xnfhvdkufMuOD;/

(ausmif;om;^ausmif;olrsm;? vG,ftdwfrsm;udkxkwfNyD; pmtkyfrsm; xnfhMuap/)

a':MuLMuLodef;/ q&mrajymcsifwmu 'Dvdkyg/ reufjzef[m0gqkdvjynfhaeYaemf/ ausmif;ydwf&ufaygh/ wkdYausmif;&JU0gqkd\ouFef;uyfvªyGJudk reuf 8 em&DrSm usif;yrSmjzpfvdkY?wynfhwdkY 7 em&Dta&muf ausmif;udkvm&r,fqdkwm reufuwnf;u rSmNyD;NyDaemf...[kwfvm;/

wynfhrsm;/ [kwfuJhygq&mr/

a':MuLMuLodef;/ at;...0gqkdouFef;uyfvªNyD;oGm;wJhtcsdefrSmrif;wdkY udk,fpDudk,fpD bmvkyfr,fvdkY pOf;pm;xm;MuovJuG,fh/

(0gqdkyef;cl;r,f...

0gqdkrkefYvdkufpm;r,f...

pmusufr,f...

ykwD;pdyfr,f...ponfjzifh wpfa,mufwpfayguf ajymMuap/ ajymrnfholr&Sdonfh tcsdefwGif-)

tdkufcsKd/ (xí) uRefawmf tMuHwpfckay;csifygw,fq&mr/ uRefawmftckaewJh bkd;bGm;&dyfom[m zGifhcgprdkYvdkYjrufawG trsm;BuD; &Sdaeygw,fcifAs/ uRefawmfwdkY

ausmif;om;^ausmif;olawG vkyftm;ay; jruf&Sif;Mur,fqkd&if wwfEkdifoa&GUaygh/ odyfaumif;rSmyJcifAs/

a':MuLMuLodef;/ (0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzifh) at;...at;...q&mrawmh tJ'gudk oabmusoGm;NyD/ wkdYzsmyHkrSm bdk;bGm;&dyfom&,fvdkY ay:xGef;vmwm rMumao;bl;uG,fh/ wynfhwdkY wcsKdUawmh odcsifodr,f/ wcsKdUvnf; odrSmr[kwfao;bl;/ od&ifawmifrS a&mufzl;csifrS a&mufzl;r,f/ a&mufzl;Muvm;/

wynfhrsm;/ ra&mufzl;ygbl; q&mr/

wcsKdU/ b,fem;rSm &SdwmvJ q&mr/

a':MuLMuLodef;/ wdkYausmif;&JU taemufawmifbufaygh/ usKduúrRrfapwDteD;rSmuG,fh/ wpffenf;ajymjy&&if? EdkifiHawmfutopfwl;azmfxm;wJh uefawmfBuD;&JU ab;rSmuG,fh/ tJ'DrSmcdkudk;&mrJh bdk;bGm;awGukd auR;arG;apmifha&Smufxm;wmav/ckeuxajymwJh armiftkdufcsKd[m tJ'Dbkd;bGm;&dyfomrSmvufaxmufa*[mrª;tjzpf tcsdefydkif; wm0efxrf;&Guf&if;'DrSm ausmif;wufaewJhol jzpfw,fuG,fh/ armiftkdufcsKdtBuHûywJhtwdkif; q&mrwkdY 9 wef;atu vkyftm;ay;Mur,fqkd&if? bdk;bGm;&dyfomudk a&mufzl;r,f? bdk;bGm;awGudkb,fvdkûypk&w,fqkdwm A[kokw&r,f? bdk;bGm;taqmifwpfaqmifyJjzpfjzpf Edkifoavmuf jruf&Sif;&wJh ukodkvf&Mur,f/ uJ...raumif;bl;vm;uG,fh.../


wynfhrsm;/ aumif;ygw,f q&mr/

a':MuLMuLodef;/ tJ-wpfckawmh&Sdw,fav/ Ak'¨bmomr[kwfwJh bmom0ifawGuawmh qE´&Sdovdk vkyfyguG,f/ b,folYudkrSawmh twif;tusyf rwdkufwGef;ygbl;uG,f/

tdkufcsKd/ bdk;bGm;&dyfomrSm b,fbmom&,fvdkY owfrSwf rxm;ygbl;cifAsm/ auR;arG;apmifa&SmufzdkYvkdwJholawGukd u,fwifxm;wmyg/ bdk; 12 a,muf? bGm; 12a,muf &Sdygw,fcifAs/ ukodkvfydk&atmif vªzdkYypönf;av;awGvnf;,lvmNyD; bdk;bGm;awGudk vªEdkifygw,fcifAsm/

a':MuLMuLodef;/ at;-[kwfwmayghuG,fh/ bdk;bGm;awGukdukodkvfûycGifhvnf;&wmaygh/ uJ-'gqdk&if eufjzef 0gqkdouFef;uyfNyD;csdefrSm vdkufr,fhwynfhwkdY a[m'Dtcef;xJrSmyJpkMu&atmif [kwfvm;/

wynfhrsm;/ [kwfuJhyg q&mr/

(ausmif;qif;acgif;avmif;oH xGufay:vmap/ ausmif;om;^olrsm;rwfwwf&yf/)

wynfhrsm;/ r*Fvmyg q&mr/

a':MuLMuLodef;/ r*Fvmyg wynfhwdkY.../

(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)



ae&m/ bdk;bGm;&dyfom? abmZeaqmif

tcsdef/ aeY 10;30 em&D

tjyiftqif/ aq;jzLokwf tkwfeH&Ha&;csuf aemufcHum;&Sd&rnf/ vlav;a,mufpm;Edkifonfh (ukvmxdkifav;vHk;0dkif;&Hxm;onfh) pm;yGJ (6) vHk; jyifqifxm;&rnf/(Zmwfpif tus,ft0ef;ESifhn§dí qHhoavmufjyifqifNyD;usefpm;yGJrsm;vnf; pm;aomufcef;twGif;&Sdae[efo½kyfazmf&rnf/)

(pm;yGJtoD;oD;wGif xrif;tkyf? xrif;yef;uefrsm;? [if;cGufrsm;? a&zefcGufrsm; toifhjyifqifxm;&Sd&rnf/

]]oefY&Sif;rI*½kûy}}]]tkyfaqmif;tkyfxm;yg}}ponfh pmwef;rsm;vnf; eH&HwGif pepfwus uyfxm;&rnf/

eH&Htv,f&Sd abmay:wGif atmufygtwdkif;jrifomatmif a&;om;xm;&rnf-

&ifcGifaEG; 95

,aeYtvª&Sif = OD;apmae (orD;) aemftJrGef

*kPfxl; = pdkufysKd;a&;Xme

tvª'ge = wpfaomif;usyf

(a&SUzHk;um;zGihf)

(bdk;bGm;rsm;onf ukvm;xdkiftoD;oD;wGif xkdifvsuf ae&m,lNyD;jzpfap/ a*[mrª;OD;atmifu pm;aomufzG,frsm;ukdvdkufvHpDrHay;onfhtwkdif; 0efxrf;ESpfOD;u vkyfukdifvsuf&Sdap/ ,yfawmifrsm;jzihfvnf; ,yfay;aeMuap/ um;zGifhNyD;onfESifh Zmwfpifvuf0JbufrS bdk;bGm;&dyfomtwGif;a&;rª;OD;0if;wifu OD;aqmifvsuf? OD;apmaeESifhorD;-aemftJrGefwdkYxGufvmap/ OD;0if;wifu OD;apmaeESifh aemftJrGefwdkYudkacgif;&if;buf (vuf,mbuf) okdY ac:aqmifoGm;NyD;&yfvdkufap/)

OD;0if;wif/ tbdk;wdkY? tbGm;wkdY...'Dyk*¾Kdvfuawmh 'DuaeYwpfaeYwm xrif;tm[m&tvª&Sif OD;apmaeeJY orD;aemftJrGefwdkYjzpfygw,f/ OD;apmae[m pkdufysKd;a&;Xmeu tkyfpkrefae*smwpfOD;jzpfygw,f/ uJ...aqmif&Gufaeustwkdif; tvª&SifudkarwåmykdYEdkifygNyD cifAsm;/

(usef;rmoGufvufol tbdk;wpfOD;u wkdifay;NyD;usefbdk;bGm;rsm;u vdkufqkd/)

]]BuD;jrwfapwem? jzLpifpGmjzifh?

tm[m&'ge? ûyMu,ck

ukodkvf&Siftaygif;wkdYonf...

usef;rmcsrf;om? vef;jzmMuygap

Oy'f&efab;? uif;a0;Muygap

aumif;usKd;vdktifqE´ jynfhpHkMuygap

om"k...om"k...om"k...}}

(bdk;bGm;rsm;vufaq;í pwifpm;oHk;Muap/OD;0if;wifESifh tvª&Sifrsm;? pm;yGJrsm;odkY vSnfhvnfMunfh½Io'¨gyGm;aeMu&if; Zmwfpifa&SUydkif; y&dowfESifheD;&mokdYa&mufvmMuap/)

(tdkufcsKdvnf; pm&Gufwpf&Gufukdudkifvsuf vuf0JbufrS xGufvmNyD; tvª&Sifrsm;teD;odkY a&mufvmap/pm&Gufukd OD;apmaeokdY av;pm;pGmay;tyfap/)

OD;apmae/ bmygvdrfh/ (pm&Gufudk jzefYMunfhap/)

OD;0if;wif/ aMomf-'gu tm[m&'ge tvªaiGtwGuf oHk;pGJrIajypmygcifAs/ tvª&Sifrsm;taeeJY bkd;bGm;rsm;twGuf trSefwu,f oHk;pGJrI tajctaeudkvnf;od&atmif? xm0& odrf;qnf;NyD; o'¨gyGm;Edkifatmif uRefawmfwdkYaumfrwDu pDpOfxm;wJh tpDtrHygcifAs/


OD;apmae/ uRefawmfwdkYuawmh tvªukd pdwfydkif;jzwfNyD;om;ygcifAsm/

aemftJrGef/ (tdkufcsKdudk ñTefjyNyD;) tyg; 'gu orD;ajymwJhtkdufcsKdav/ bdk;bGm;&dyfomrSm vufaxmufa*[mrª;tjzpfwm0efxrf;&if; ausmif;qufwufaewmyg/ orD;eJY wpfcef;wnf;aygh/

OD;apmae/ at;0rf;omygw,fuGm/ rif;aMumifh bdk;bGm;&dyfomtaMumif;udk ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;awG odMu&?pkaygif;vkyftm;ay;NyD;? ukodkvfawG&Muwmudk orD;uajymjyw,fuG,fh/

OD;0if;wif/ vGefcJhwJh 0gqdkvjynfhaeYu t.x.u ausmif;ol?ausmif;om;awG 'DrSmvmNyD; oefY&Sif;a&;awGvkyfMuwmudkajymwmr[kwfvm;/ odyf0rf;omp&mygcifAsm/

OD;apmae/ orD;uvnf; tJ'Dvdk oefY&Sif;a&;vkyftm;ay;&wmMunfEl;yDwdjzpf&aMumif; ajymvdkYrqHk;bl;/

aemftJrGef/ 0gqkdvjynfhaeY? bkd;bGm;&dyfom oefY&Sif;a&;vkyftm;ay; ukodkvfvkyf&wmukd orD;MunfEl;vdkY rqHk;ygbl;/ jrufawGEkwf? tdrfomawG oefY&Sif;a&;vkyf&wm yifyef;ayr,fhuRefrwdkYtm;vHk; aysmfaeMuwmyJ/ tdkufcsKduawmh tyifyef;qHk;aygh/ vufaxmufa*[mrª;vnf;jzpf? oludk,fwkdif ajymjyvdkY wpfwef;vHk; vkyftm;ay;jzpfwmqkdawmh olUrSm q&mruvnf; olYyJcdkif;? bdk;bGm;awGuvnf; olUyJcdkif;qdkawmh [kdajy;vkyfvkduf&? 'Dajy;vkyfvdkuf&aygh.../

tdkufcsKd/ yifyef;ayr,fh igvnf; aysmfwmygyJ tJrGef&/

OD;apmae/ bkd;bGm;oufBuD;&G,ftkdawGudk ûypkvkyfauR;ol[mrsufarSmufb0rSmvnf; vlcsD;rGrf;cH&? wrvGefrSmvnf;ok*wdvm;w,fvkdY &Sifawmfjrwfbk&m;u a[mxm;w,fav/

OD;0if;wif/ (tHhMo[efESifh) Mum;jzwfar;&OD;r,f/ pdwfr&SdygeJYaemf/ OD;apmaewkdYu u&ifvlrsKd;r[kwfvm;/

OD;apmae/ aMomf...uRefawmfwkdYu Ak'¨bmom u&ifawGyg/tJrGeftaru oli,fi,fuwnf;u qHk;yg;cJhygw,f/

OD;0if;wif/ aMomf...[kwfvm;/ Ak'¨bmomyJudk;.../ tif;...b,fbmomjzpfjzpfygav? BuD;oludk ½dkaoav;jrwfylaZmfMuwmcsnf;ygyJ/

aemftJrGef/ tbGm;awGudk pNyD;awGUvdkuf&awmhav uRefrtrdk;udk odyfNyD;owd&wmyJ/ tJ'DaeYuqdk&if oefY&Sif;a&;awGvkyfNyD;wJhaemuf uRefrwdkY tbGm;aqmifrSmem;Mu&if;? tbGm;awG&JU ckwifay:u apmifawG? t0wftpm;awG acgufay;Mu? tbGm;awGudk ajcqkyfvufe,f ûyay;Mu&wJh MunfEl;rIuvnf; ajymrjyEdkifatmifygyJ/ 'geJYyJ uRefrarG;aeYrSm tckvdktvªvkyfcsifpdwf jzpfcJhwmyg/

tdkufcsKd/ tJrGef ukodkvfawG trsm;BuD; &NyDaemf/

aemftJrGef/ tJ'g tkdufcsKd&JU aus;Zl;aMumifhaygh/


tdkufcsKd/ tJrGefudk,fwdkif pdwfxm;aumif;vdkYygaem/

aemftJrGef/ a[h..tdkufcsKd igwdkYtwef;xJu oli,fcsif;awGpkaygif;NyD; ckvdk trsm;tusKd;o,fydk;wJhtvkyfawG cPcPvkyfMu&atmif igwkdYESpfa,muf pnf;½Hk;r,fa[h/ eifua,mufsm;av;awGukdpnf;½Hk;? igu rdef;uav;awGudk pnf;½Hk;r,f...raumif;bl;vm;/

tdkufcsKd/ aumif;wmaygh[m/ igu y&[dwausmif;om;yJ[m vkyfrSmaygh/

(xkdpOf bdk;bGm;rsm; wpfa,mufNyD;wpfa,mufxrif;pm;NyD;oGm;ojzifh? pm;yGJrSx vufaq;NyD;? Zmwfpifvuf0JbufodkY 0ifoGm;Muap/)

OD;apmae/ uJ...uRefawmfwdkYvnf; jyefOD;rSyJ/

OD;0if;wif/ eHeufpmxrif;ukd tvª&Sifrsm; pm;oHk;EdkifatmifuRefawmfwdkY pDpOfxm;ygw,fcifAsm/ bdk;bGm;awGNyD;oGm;&if'Du 0efxrf;awGeJY wpfûydifeuf jyifqifawmhrSmyg/

OD;apmae/ [m...rpm;awmhygbl;/ tdrfusrSyJ pm;ygawmhr,f/

OD;0if;wif/ êuHwkef;êuHcdkuf pm;oGm;apcsifygw,f/ bdk;bGm;awGudk auR;arG;wJh xrif;[if;vsmawGvnf; od&wmaygh/uRefawmfwkdYvnf; pm;rSmyg/

tdkufcsKd/ bdk;bGm;awGtaMumif;vnf; ydkod&atmif pm;oGm;ygvm; cifAsm.../

aemftJrGef/ [kwfom;yJ tyg;&JU? 'DaeY ausmif;ydwf&uf? ½Hk;ydwf&ufqdkawmh b,frS oGm;p&mr&Sdbl; r[kwfvm;/ pm;NyD;&if&dyfom0if;udkvnf; vSnfhywfMunfhvkdY &wmayghaemf/

OD;atmif/ (wpfae&mwGif xrif;pm;yGJ jyifqifcJhNyD;[efESifhOD;apmaewdkYteD;okdYa&mufvmNyD;) xrif;[if;awG toifhjzpfygNyDcifAsm/ {nfhonfrsm;oHk;aqmifMu&atmif (twGif;ydkif;pm;yGJwpfvHk;qDodkY ac:aqmifoGm;pOf)

(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)




ae&m/ t.x.u (1) pmMunfhwdkuf taqmuftODa&SUjrufcif;jyif

tcsdef/ nae ausmif;qif;csdef

tjyiftqif/ ]]tajccHynmtxufwef;ausmif;? ynmacwfpmMunfhwdkuf}} [laom qdkif;bkwfyg&Sdonfh pmMunfhwkduf\ taqmuftODa&SUjrifyHka&;csuf aemufcHum;&Sd&rnf/ taqmuftODyHk\ tv,fwnfhwnfhwGif wHcg;rBuD;ukd zGifhvsuftaetxm; a&;qGJxm;&rnfjzpfNyD; trSefwu,fvnf; 0ifEkdifxGufEdkifatmif pDpOfxm;&rnf/

vuf,mbufaxmifhwGif pum;ajympifwpfck&Sd&rnf/ vuf0JbufaxmifhwGif tcrf;tem;rª;pm;yGJ ukvm;xdkif&Sd&rnf/ ,if;wdkYESifh wpfwef;wnf;ae&mwGif pmMunfhwdkufzGifhyGJ txdrf;trSwf zJêud;jzwf&ef ypönf;rsm; toifhpDpOfxm;&rnf/

Zmwfpifa&SUydkif;wGif 'kH;,drf;wpf,drf; uckefEdkif&efae&mtus,ft0ef; xm;&Sd&rnf/

(a&SUzHk;um;zGifh)

(tcrf;tem;rª;pm;yGJwGif? ae&m,lxm;aomtcrf;tem;rª;q&mr xkdif&mrS rwfwwf&yfí pwifajymMum;ap/)

tcrf;tem;rª;/r*Fvmtaygif;ESifhjynfhpHkMuygap&Sif/ ,ck trSwf(1) tajccHynmtxufwef;ausmif;&JU ]]ynmacwfpmMunfhwkduf}}zGifhyGJukd pwifusif;yawmhrSm jzpfygw,f/tpDtpOf (1) t&? ausmif;tkyfq&mrBuD;u &Sif;vif;wifjy&ef jzpfwJhtwGuf q&mrBuD;a':oEÅmtm; zdwfac:tyfygw,f&Sif/

(Zmwfpif vuf,mbufrS q&mrBuD; a':oEÅmxGufvmNyD;? pum;ajympifwGif &yfap/)

a':oEÅm/ uRefrtaeeJY 'DpmMunfhwdkuftaqmufttHkjzpfay:vm&jcif;ukd &Sif;vif;wifjyrSm jzpfygw,f/ 'Dt.x.u &JU ausmif;om;a[mif;wpfOD;jzpfwJh OD;0if;armif[m i,fpOfausmif;om;b0rSmuwnf;u pmay0goemxHkcJhol jzpfygw,f/ tcktcg ol[m atmifjrifaoma&vkyfief;&SifBuD;wpfOD;jzpfvmwJh tcsdefrSm ausmif;om;vli,fawG&JU ynma&;udk taxmuftulûyapr,fh ausmif;pmMunfhwdkufwpfck cHhcHhxnfxnf jzpfvmzdkYtwGuf tckvdkpmMunfhwdkufBuD;wpfck oD;oD;oefYoefY cHhcHhxnfxnf&Sdvmwm[mjzifh uRefrwdkY t.x.u (1) &JU *kPfukdaqmif½Hkomru ûrdU&JU *kPfudkvnf; aqmifrSmjzpfygw,f/


pmMunfhwdkuftaqmuftODudk wnfaqmuf vª'gef;ay;wJhOD;0if;armifukd ausmif;om;rdbtqufquf? q&mq&mrtqufquf? ausmif;om;ausmif;oltqufqufwkdYutpOfxm0& aus;Zl;wifaeMurSm rvGJygbl;/ 'gaMumifhtvª&Sif OD;0if;armiftm; *kPfûyaus;Zl;wifygw,f&Sif/'DpmMunfhwdkufBuD;udk]ynmacwf} qdkwJh trnfeJU avsmfnDatmif pmtkyfpmwrf;jynfhpHka&;twGuf tm;vHk;u qufvufNyD; BuKd;yrf;aqmif&GufoGm;MuzdkY wkdufwGef;&if; ed*Hk;csKyfygw,f&Sif/ (vufckyfoHrsm;) (a':oEÅm vuf,mbufodkYjyef0ifap/)

tcrf;tem;rª;/tpDtpOf(2)t& ynmacwfausmif;pmMunfhwdkufudk zJêud;jzwfzGifhvSpfNyD; u&if½dk;&m 'Hk;,drf;tuudkausmif;olausmif;om;uav;rsm;u aysmf&TifpGm uckefMurSm jzpfygw,f&Sif/

(Zmwfpifvuf0JbufrS zJBuKd;udkifausmif;oluav; 4 a,muf? uyfaMu;Aef;udkif ausmif;ol auoD0if;armifwdkY xGufvmMuNyD;? zJêud;udkif 4 a,mufu zJêud;ukd wef;íqGJxm;um? auoD0if;armifu 0Jbufxdyfae&mwGif oD;jcm;ae&m,lxm;ap/)

(tcrf;tem;rª;qufajym) zJêud;jzwfí pmMunfhwkdufzGifhvSpfay;rnfh ûrdUe,fynma&;rª;OD;qef;OD;? ausmif;tkyfq&mrBuD;a':oEÅmESifh tvª&SifOD;0if;armifwdkY tvª&Sif\orD;i,f auoD0if;armifxHrS a&TuwfaMu;rsm;ukd ,lí

ae&m,lay;Muyg&ef yefMum;tyfygw,f&Sif/

(a':oEÅm? OD;qef;OD;ESifh OD;0if;armifwkdY Zmwfpifvuf0JbufrS tpOfvkdufxGufap/ auoD0if;armifxHrSuwfaMu;wpfvufpD,lum zJêud;wef;\aemufwGif toifhae&m,lMuap/)

(tcrf;tem;rª;qufajym) ,ck r*Fvm&Sdaomtcsdefusa&mufNyDjzpfygojzifh t.x.u (1)]ynmacwf}pmMunfhwkduftm; ûrdUe,fynma&;rª;? ausmif;tkyfq&mrBuD;ESifh tvª&SifwkdYu zJBuKd;jzwfí zGifhvSpfay;yg&ef av;pm;pGm yefMum;tyfygw,f&Sif/

(zJêud;jzwfMuap/ vufckyfoHrsm;ESifhwpfûydifwnf;u&iftrsKd;om; ½dk;&m0wfpHkrsm;jzifh Zmwfpif\ vuf0JbufrS ausmif;om;av; 6 a,muf? u&if½dk;&m'Hk;,drf;tuudkaysmf&TifpGm uckefMuap/ wD;0dkif;u twGif;rSwD;ay;vsuf&Sdap/ ,drf;tzGJUwGif tdkufcsKdESifh aemftJrGefwdkY yg0ifap&rnf/)

('Hk;,drf;uckefonfukd aemufbufrSaeí acwårQMunfh½INyD;aemuf? ûrdUe,fynma&;rª;? ausmif;tkyfq&mrBuD;ESifh tvª&SifwkdYu OD;aqmifvsuf tv,fwHcg;aygufBuD;rSaeí txJodkY0ifMu&m? Zmwfpif0J,mrS {nfhy&dowf? q&m^q&mr? ausmif;ol^om;rsm; vdkufyg0ifa&mufMuap/)

(oDcsif;wD;vHk;NyD;onftxd 'Hk;,drf;uckefMuNyD;aemuf)

(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)




ae&m/ t.x.u a&SU? ukuúdKyifwef;

tcsdef/ eHeufausmif;oGm;csdef

tjyiftqif/ ukuúdKyifBuD;rsm; vrf;ab;wpfavQmuf pDwef;aeonfh a&;csufaemufcHum;&Sd&rnf/

(a&SUzHk;um;zGihf)

(tdkufcsKdESifh oli,fcsif; pHausmfom? pkd;wifhwkdYZmwfpif0JbufrS vG,ftdwfukd,fpDjzifh &Tifvef;pGmxGufvmap/ vrf;avQmufvdkuf &yfvkdufvkyf&if;pum;ajymvmMuap/

pdk;wifh/ (cyfoGufoGufavQmufvSrf;aeaom tdkufcsKddudk qGJxm;NyD;) a[haumif? tdkufcsKd? jznf;jznf;avQmufprf;yguGm/ ausmif;csdefrDygw,fuG/

pHausmfom/ a[h...wdkYawG tkdufcsKdudk enfrnfajymif;ac:&r,fuG/

pkd;wifh/ b,fvkdac:rSmvJ/

pHausmfom/ vrf;u&if½Iyf/

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pHausmfom/ [m..rif;uvnf; ]]vrf;u&if½Iyf}}qd kwm]]vkyfu&if &Srf;}}vdkY ajymwmuG/ rif;raeYu ausmif;pmMunfhwkdufzGifhyGJrSm 'Hk;,drf;uwJhxJ ygw,fr[kwfbl;vm;/

tdkufcsKd/ ygw,fav/

pHausmfom/ tJ'D,drf;xJrSm rif;u,u&ifwdkif;&if;om;r[kwfbJu&ifvkyfwm r[kwfvm;/ tJ'g ]vkyfu&if}aygh/aemufNyD; rif;u&Srf;qdkawmh ]]vkyfu&if&Srf;}}aygh/

tdkufcsKd/ [m;...[m;...[m;.../ rif;uav awmfawmfajymwwfw,f/

pHausmfom/ a[h? pmMunfhwkdufzGifhyGJrSm uwfaMu;Aef;udkifwJhauoD0if;armifu tysHpm;jyifqifxm;wmuGaem?yJuvnf; rsm;ygh/

pkd;wifh/ olUtazu pmMunfhwkduftvª&Sifqkdawmh oluyJrsm;jywmayghuG [J..[J../

tdkufcsKd/ wdkY 'Hk;,drf;p, wdkufwkef;u olvnf;ygw,fuG/aemufrS vlvJNyD; Aef;ukdifjzpfoGm;wm/

pdk;wifh/ 'Hk;,drf;acgif;aqmif aemftJrGef oifay;wm rcHcsifvdkUrsm;vm;../


pHausmfom/ uwfaMu;Aef;udkif&wJhae&mu ykdNyD;ay:jyLvmjzpfvdkYaerSmyguGm/

pdk;wifh/ tdkufcsKd..rif;rqdk;bl;uG? u&if'Hk;,drf;vnf; uwwfw,f/ &Srf;tua&m u, wwfvm;/

tdkufcsKd/ igu i,fi,fuwnf;u y&[dwa*[mudk a&mufvmwmqdkawmh &Srf;tuawmh ruwwfbl;/ 'Hk;,drf;rSmvlvdkaevdkY 0ifvkduf&wmyg/ qkd;awmhrqdk;bl;? u, &wmaysmfp&m aumif;w,fuG/

pHausmfom/ {uEÅ..tkdufcsKdawmh u&ifukdêudufaeNyDeYJ wlw,f/

tkdufcsKd/ u&iftuudk êudufwmyguG/

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pdk;wifh/ bmvJuG/ pHausmfom ]ua&ma&r&if}qkdwm/

pHausmfom/ ]ua&ma&r&if} qdkwm ]u&ifa&ra&m}aygh/aemftJrGefu u&ifppfppfav/

pdk;wifh/ [m;...[m;...[m;...[kwfwmaygh/

(xdkpOf? olwkdYoHk;a,mufESifh aemftJrGefwkdY oli,fcsif;wpfodkuf rsufESmcsif;qkdifawGUMuap/)

tdkufcsKd/ tJrGef..eifwdkYausmif;xJr0ifbJ bmjzpfvdkY'DbufudkausmfvmwmvJ/

aemftJrGef/ [dkem;uqdkifrSm abmvfyifoGm;0,frvdkY/ a[m'DrdEGJU vrf;rSm abmvfyifus&pfcJhwmav/

tdkufcsKd/ [m..ausmif;wufawmhrSm eifwdkYoGm;ae&if rDrSmr[kwfbl;/ igoGm;ay;r,f/

aemftJrGef/ at;..at;/

rdEGJU/ a&mh..a&mh..ydkufqH/ (100d wef wpf&GufvSrf;ay;ap/)

tdkufcsKd/ (ydkufqHudk tjrefqGJ,lNyD; vm&mvrf;udk jyefvSnfhícyfokwfokwfvSrf;&if;ajym) pdk;wifhwkdY oGm;ESifhawmh/

pdk;wifh+pHausmfom/ at;...at;

(olwkdYwpfawG 0Jbuf? ,mbufokdY toD;oD;xGufcGmoGm;pOf)

(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)




ae&m/ zsmyHkûrdU? OD;ñGefYodef;\ aetdrf

tcsdef/ naeydkif;

tjyiftqif/ ysOfaxmiftdrfwpfvHk;ESifh 0ef;NcHa&SUjrif a&;csufaemufcHum;&Sd&rnf/

yvwfpwpfxdkifcHk (4) vHk;ESifh yvwfpwpfpm;yGJi,fwpfvHk; a&SUem;wGif csxm;&rnf/ pm;yGJi,fay:wGifvufzuf&nfMurf;0dkif;ESifh xef;vsuf? vufzufokyfrsm;&Sd&rnf/

(a&SUzHk;um;zGihf)

(OD;ñGefYodef;u xdkifcHkwpfvHk;wGifxkdifvsuf vufzuf&nfMurf;rsm;udk yef;uefvHk;wGif xnfhaeap/)

OD;ñGefYodef;/ vmAsm..udk&mjrifh xrif;pm;NyD; tcsKdwnf;&if;at;at;aq;aq;xkdif&atmif? tdrfxJutkdufw,f/ tdrfxJuxGufNyD; 'Dvdkav;xkdif&wm t&om&Sdw,fAs/

udk&mjrifh/ (opfyifyef;yifrsm;Munfhae&mrS xdkifcHkrsm;&Sd&modkY vSnfhvm&if;) udkñGefYodef; NcH0ef;xJu opfyifyef;yif

awG tawmfpHkwmyJAs/

(xdkifcHkwpfvHk;wGif 0ifxdkifap)

OD;ñGefYodef;/ tJ'g uRefawmfuenf;enf;? uRefawmhfrdef;rpdkufwmu rsm;w,fAs/ olu pkdufysKd;a&;0goemygawmhtm;w,fqkd NcHxJqif;awmhwmyJ/ uRefawmfuawmh vlrIa&; udpöawGu cyfrsm;rsm;&,f/ pm;Asm..vufzufokyfeJYxef;vsufcJ/ cifAsm;u tnmom;qkdawmh xef;vsufydkêudufrSmyJ/ uRefawmfuawmh xrif;pm;NyD; vufzuftdtdav; pm;vkduf&rS tmomajyoGm;w,fAs/

ukd&mjrifh/ tif;..udkñGefYodef;vnf; tck bdk;bGm;&dyfomOuú| wm0ef,lxm;&awmh wjcm;vlrIa&; vkyfief;awGawmif t&ifvdkvkyfEdkifao;&JUvm;/ pmayudpö? *DwudpöawG../

OD;ñGefYodef;/ [kwfygh..ukd&mjrifha&..bdk;bGm;&dyfom Ouú|wm0efu rao;bl;As/ aemufNyD; ukd,fu 'DuefawmfBuD;vrf;rSmaewJhvl? bdk;bGm;&dyfomeJYuvnf;eD;awmh udpöay:wdkif; Ouú|u ajz&Sif;ae&wmayghAs/

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OD;ñGefYodef;/ a*[mrª;u enf;enf;toufBuD;awmh cifAsm;wdkY uefOD;y&[dwrSm cifAsm;udk tukefvTJxm;ovdkrsKd;


vTJvdkY r&Edkifbl;As/ oluvnf; taMumif;&Sd uRefawmhfqDajy;vmwmyJ/

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ukd&mjrifh/ [kwfvm;....Mum;&wm 0rf;omvkdufwmukdñGef Yodef;&m/ tckvnf; uRefawmfûrd YwufcJ hwmy&[dwa*[mudpö tvkyfvnf;&SdvdkY? aemufNyD; tdkufcsKdtajctaevnf; odcsifvkdYyg/ olwkdY (9) wef;pmar;yGJBuD;eD;vmNyD r[kwfvm;/ cifAsm;&UJnDru olwkdY twef;ydkifq&mrav/

OD;ñGefYodef;/ tJ..olawmif 'DaeY ausmif;jyefenf;enf;aemufusaeygvm;/

ukd&mjrifh/ q&mrukdawGUNyD; tdkufcsKdynma&;tajctaeukdar;&r,f/ NyD;rS q&mawmfausmif;rSm oGm;tdyfr,f/eufjzefawmh reufapmapm &Gmukdjyefr,fav/

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OD;ñGefYodef;/ a[m..uRefawmhfnDrq&mrtysKdBuD; jyefvmygNyDAsm/

(q&mra':MuLMuLodef; Zmwfpifvuf,mbufrS xGufvmap/)

a':MuLMuLodef;/ OD;&mjrifhBuD;a&mufaewmudk;/ b,fwkef;ua&mufwmvJ/ a*[mudpöyJvm;/

ukd&mjrifh/ reufua&mufwmav/ a*[mudpöawGvkyfNyD;awmh ukdñGefUodef;qDvm&if; 'DrSm naepmawmifpm;NyD;oGm;NyDAs/

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a':MuLMuLodef;/ tdkufcsKdtaMumif;ar;rvdkYvm;/ bmxl;xl;jcm;jcm;Mum;vdkYvJ..OD;&mjrifh&UJ/

udk&mjrifh/ xl;xl;jcm;jcm;Mum;vdkY r[kwfygbl;/ a&mufwkef; olYynma&; tajctaeudk odcsifvkdYyg..q&mr&m../

a':MuLMuLodef;/ [m..'Dudpöuawmh rylygeJU OD;&mjrifh&,f../tdkufcsKdu e0rwef;&JU Top Three xJrSmygw,f/ pmêud;pm;½Hkrubl;/ twef;xJrSmvnf; pHjyausmif;om;av;yg/trsm;tusKd;aqmif&Gufwwfw,f/ tbufbufu awmfw,fqdk&rSmaygh/

ukd&mjrifh/ bkd;bGm;&dyfom tvkyfawGvnf; vkyf&awmhpmbufrSmrsm; csKdU,Gif;oGm;rvm;vkdYYyg/ trsm;tusKd;aqmif&Gufwmuawmh olu tavhtusifh&NyD;om;av/

a':MuLMuLodef;/ twef;xJrSm vkyfp&m&Sd&ifvnf; rnnf;nLbl;/ b,folUukdjzpfjzpf ulnDwwfw,f/ 'gaMumifh ausmif;MuufajceDrSm xnfhxm;NyD;NyD/ olwpfyg;udk ulnDwwfawmholUudkvnf; cspfcifMuw,fav/ &Srf;oH0J0Jav;eJY cspfp&muav;yg/

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a':MuLMuLodef;/ arQmfrSef;wJhtwkdif;jzpfrSmyg..OD;&mjrifh&JU..rylygeJU/

udk&mjrifh/ 'gqkd&if pdwfat;&ygNyDAsm/..uJ..ukdñGefYodef;a& rdk;csKyfawmhr,f/ uRefawmfoGm;OD;rSyJAs/

OD;ñGefUodef;/ [kwfNyDAsm..eufjzefreuf cifAsm;&GmjyefrSmaygh?[kwfvm;/

udk&mjrifh/ (xNyD;..jyef&ef[efjyif&if;) [kwfuJh eufjzef'DvmNyD; EIwfrqufEdkifawmhbl;aemf/ ckwpfcgwnf;yJ EIwfqufcJhNyDAsm/ ukdarmifMunfwkdY OD;xGef;&nfwdkYudk EIwfqufaMumif; ajymjyvddkufygOD;aemf/ uJ..oGm;NyD/

OD;ñGefYodef;+a':MuLMuLodef;/(xMuNyD;) [kwfuJh...[kwfuJh.../

(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)




umv/ 1992 ckESpf? aEGausmif;ydwf&ufumv

ae&m/ bdk;bGm;&dyfom? iSufaysmNcH

tcsdef/ rGef;vGJydkif;

tjyiftqif/ iSufaysmyifrsm; twef;vdkufyg&Sdonfh aemufcHum; &Sd&rnf/

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(a&SUzHk;um;zGihf)

(aemufcHum;ESifh 'l;ydwfum;tMum;wGif tkdufcsKdESifhbdk;bGm;&dyfom 0efxrf;wpfOD; aygufwl;udk,fpDjzifh ajrBuD;aygufaeap/ pD;usaeaom acR;rsm;udkokwf&if; tifwkduftm;wkduf ajrBuD;aygufaeMuap/)

0efxrf;/ (tvkyfcPem;NyD; acR;okwf&if;ajym) [m;.. &Srf;av;&m rif;pmar;yGJNyD;oGm;wm igroufomygvm;/

tkdufcsKd/ [m..OD;nKdBuD;uvnf; 'gavmufuav;eJUrsm;yifyef;aevm;As/ uRefawmfu 'Dajrmif;aygifawGazmfNyD;iSufaysmawG xyfcscsifwmMumNyD/ tm;vyfwJhtcsdefpmusufaecJh&vdkYyg/ tck pmar;yGJNyD;oGm;vdkY.../ OD;nKdBuD;arm&if cPem;vdkuf/ uRefawmf qufaygufvkdufr,f/(qufaygufaeap/)

&dyfom0efxrf;/ rif;uvkyfaeNyD; iguxkdifaevdkY Munfhraumif;ygbl;uGm/ &ygw,f..rif;udk oufoufajymwmyg/wu,fawmh igu tvkyform;yg/ rif;u vufaxmufa*[mrª;yJ? rif;'gawG rvkyfvnf; &wmyJudk;/

tkdufcsKd/ 'Dvdkvnf; b,f[kwfyghrvJ OD;ñKdBuD;&JU../

(OD;nKdBuD;aygufwll; qufaygufap/)

(xdkpOf Zmwfpifvuf,mbufrS tbGm;wpfOD;xGufvmNyD;?tdkufcsKdwkdY aygufwll;aygufaeonfudk vSrf;jrifap/)

tbGm;/ (acgif;wndwfndwfvkyf&if;) w,fawmfwJh uav;awGygvm;/ (toHcyfus,fus,fjzifhvSrf;ajym) a[h.. rif;wdkYudk qkcsr,f/ 'Dvukef tarhyifpifxkwfNyD;&if rif;wkdYdudkydkufqHig;&may;r,fodvm;.../

(xdkpOf Zmwfpifvuf0JbufrS t&ufrl;aeonfh vl&G,fwpfOD;xGufvmNyD;...)


vl&G,f/ bGm;....bGm; uRefawmhfudkay;.../ tJ'Dig;&muRefawmfhudkay;../ (vufjzefYawmif;&if; tbGm;tdkxH',D;',dkif vSrf;oGm;ap/)

(tdkufcsKdwdkY aygufwl;rsm;&yfvdkufNyD; vSrf;MunfhMuap/xdkpOf a*[mrª;OD;atmif Zmwfpifvuf,mbufrS xGufvmap/)

OD;atmif/ a[haumif? rif;vmjyefNyDvm;../ tbGm;a':Ouvnf; ydkufqHig;&may;r,f ajymjyefNyDvm;/ cufwmyJ?tbGm;u vlawGUwkdif; ydkufqHig;&may;r,fcsnf;ajymaeygvm;/ tck..trl;orm;eJYawGUawmh aiGig;&mawmif;aeNyDr[kwfvm;../ a[haumifirl;....'grif;ae&m r[kwfbl;/oGm;..oGm;..jyefxGufoGm;../

trl;orm;/ tbGm;u ydkufqHay;r,f Mum;vkdYvmwmav../

OD;atmif/ r[kwfbl;..r[kwfbl;..oGm;..oGm;../(t&uform;udk vuf0Jbufodk Y wGef;xkwf? t&uform;wGefYqkwfwGefYqkwfESifh 0ifoGm;ap/ OD;atmif tbGm;xHjyefvmNyD; .../)

OD;atmif/ tbGm;a':O? vlawGUwdkif;...ydkufqHig;&may;r,favQmufajymraeeJUaemf/ wu,fray;vdkY tbGm;ukd ½dkufoGm;vdrfhr,f odvm;.../

tbGm;/ (cyfukwfukwfjzpfoGm;NyD;) at;yguG,f ..at;yguG,f? aemufrajymawmhygbl;/ (vuf,mbufokd Yjyef0ifoGm;ap/)

OD;atmif/ tkdufcsKda&..tJ'DtbGm;u yifpifpm;ausmif;q&mrBuD;yJ/ 'gayrJh &wJhyifpifav;u enf;enf;av;udk trsm;BuD;xifNyD; ckvdk vlawGUwkdif; ydkufqHig;&may;r,f vdkufajymaewmuG/ pdwfu yHkrSefr[kwfbl; qkd&rSmaygh/

tkdufcsKd/ [kwfr,f..OD;av;atmif/ uRefawmhfudk tJvdkajymwm cPcPyJ/ uRefawmfu olUtaMumif;rodawmhray;ygeJU tbGm;vdkYyJ ajymvdkufw,f/ ck..OD;av;atmifajymrSyJ odawmhw,f../

OD;atmif/ 'gav;wpfckygyJuGm/ usefwmawG bmrSr&Sdygbl;/at;at;aq;aq;aeygw,f/ uJ..rif;wdkYvnf; iSufaysmabmifawGwl;wm odyfavmbrBuD;ygeJYuGm/ 'Dwpfajrmif;NyD;&if awmfa&maygh/

tdkufcsKd/ ckvkd ausmif;ydwf&ufrS vkyfEdkifwmrdkYyg OD;av;atmif&/ iSufaysmyifawG jzpfxGef;vm&if bdk;bGm;awGtwGuf 0ifaiGwdk;vmwmaygh/

OD;atmif/ at;yguGm vkyf..vkyf..nae xrif;auR;csdefus&ifawmh &yfvdkufaemf/


&ifcGifaEG; 121

tkdufcsKd/ [kwfuJh..OD;av;atmif.../

(OD;atmif vuf,mbufodkYjyef0if? tkdufcsKdwkdYESpfa,mufaygufwl;jzifh jyefaygufpOf...)

(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)tcef; (21)tcef; (21)


ae&m/ bdk;bGm;&dyfom? bdk;aqmif

tcsdef/ naeydkif;

tjyiftqif/ wef;vsm;tdyfaqmifwpfck\ tkwfeH&Ha&;csufaemufcHum;&Sd&rnf/ tuefYwdkif;wGif jywif;aygufrsm;yg&Sdonf/

¤if;a&SUwGif wpfa,muftdyfckwif av;ig;vHk; (ZmwfcHkqHhoavmuf) xm;&rnf/ ckwifrsm;ay:wGif arGU&m? tcif;?acgif;tHk;? jcifaxmif(wifvsuf) &Sd&rnf/ ckwifwpfckESif h wpfcktMum;wGif AD½dktykav;wpfvHk;pD&SdNyD; AD½dkwdkif;ay:wGif vltkdtoHk;taqmifrsm; oifhovdkwifxm;&rnf/

(a&SUzHk;um;zGihf)

(ckwifwpfvHk;ay:wGif tbdk;wpfa,muf vJavsmif;aeap/)

(tdkufcsKd xrif;ESifh [if;yef;uefrsm;ygaom Aef;ukdukdifvsufZmwfpifvuf0JbufrS xGufvmap/)


tdkufcsKd/ bdk;u&if..aeraumif;vdkY pm;aqmifukd rvmEdkifwmvm;..[if/ (ajymajymqkdqkd xrif;Aef;udk pm;yGJykuav;ay:tomcsap/)

bdk;u&if/ aeraumif;vdkY r[kwfygbl; a*[mrª;av;&m? aeYv,fwkef;u taqmifta&SUu jrufuav;awGEkwfwm cg;enf;enf;rsufoGm;vdkYyg/

tdkufcsKd/ aMomf.. 'gaMumifhukd;../ vdrf;zdkY bmaq;&SdvJbdk;../

bdk;u&if/ y½kwfqDvdrf;xm;ygw,f/ aysmufoGm;rSmyguGm/

tdkufcsKd/ (xrif;[if;rsm;ukd ZGef;rsm;wyf jyifqifay;NyD;bdk;u&ifa&SUwGif csay;&if;) tbdk;pm;aemf/ tpm;awmhrysufapeJY/ 'DaeY ig;[if; tbdk;êudufrSmyg../

bdk;u&if/ ig;yd? wdkYp&mygovm;a[h ([if;cGufrsm;ukdMunfhap/)

tdkufcsKd/ bdk;u&if twdkYtjr§KyfBuKdufwmodvdkY wkdYp&mawG ydk,lvmygw,f/ rQpfvnf;ygw,f/

bkd;u&if/ tdrf;..aumif;uG/ igawmxJrSmaewkef;u rQpfutazmfayghuGm.../

tkdufcsKd/ bkd;..at;at;aq;aq;pm;/ uRefawmf bk&m;cef;xJoGm;NyD; wHjrufpnf;vSnf;vdkufOD;r,f/ (vuf,mbufodkY0ifoGm;ap/)

bkd;u&if/ (xrif;udk tm;&yg;&pm;&if; bk&m;cef;odkYvSrf;ajym)a*[mrª;av;vnf; igwdkYeJYaewm wpfESpfavmuf&SdvmNyDaemf/

tkdufcsKd/ (twGif;rSvSrf;ajym) [kwfw,ftbdk;/ uRefawmftbkd;wkdYukd vkyfay;wm trSm;&SdvdkYvm;bdk;/

bdk;u&if/ (vSrf;ajym) r&Sdygbl;uG,fh/ igi,fi,fu aomif;usef;olb0eJU awmckdcJhwmawGudk aemifw&aewmuG,fh/ igvkdvlqkd;udk rif;wkdYu ½dk½dkaoaoûypkaeawmh tm;emaewmuG/

tkdufcsKd/ (bk&m;cef;rS jyefxGufvm&if;) [m...bdk;u&ifuvnf; udk,fhtrSm;udk,fodvdkY tvif;0ifcJhwm bkd;vrf;rSefa&mufaeyDaygh/ bdk;rSm aqGrsKd;vnf;r&Sd rvkyfEdkifrukdifEdkifrdkYbkd;bGm;&dyfomrSm ac:yD;ûypkxm;wmyJ/ tm;emp&mr&Sdygbl;bdk;&m../ (bdk;u&ifa&SU ckwifvGwfay:wGif xdkifap/)

tkdufcsKd/ bkd;...

bdk;u&if/ bmvJuG.....a*[mrª;av;&/

tdkufcsKd/ u&ifvlrsKd;awG[m yGifhyGifhvif;vif;ajymwwfw,faemf../

bdk;u&if/ [kwfrSmayghav..tJ..rif;vnf;&Srf;r[kwfvm;/rif;wdkY&Srf;vlrsKd;vnf; ½dk;om;yGifhvif;wmyJuG/

tkdufcsKd/ u&ifvlrsKd;awG pum;ajymwm yGifhyGifhvif;vif;qkdawmhcifrifp&maumif;w,fbkd;&JU/ bkd; uRefawmhfudk u&ifpum;oifay;ygvm;../

bdk;u&if/ tkd..&Srf;u? u&ifpum;oifcsif&w,fvdkY../

(bdk;u&if xrif;pm;NyD;oGm;ojzifh yef;uefrsm;udk tkdufcsKdu

&ifcGifaEG; 123

vifyef;ay:wifap/ bkd;u&if tcef;axmif hoGm;NyD;vufaq;ap/)

bdk;u&if/ (jyef0ifvmNyD;) bmpum;odcsifwmvJ a*[mrª;&Srf;uav;&JU/

tdkufcsKd/ aMomf ... xrif;pm; a&aomuf pum;av;awGavmufyg bkd;&JU/

bdk;u&if/ xrif;u ]ar}? [if;u ]uol;]

tkdufcsKd/ taz? tar? nDtpfudk? armifESr qkd&ifaum ..

bkd;u&if/ tazudk ]yg;}? tarudk ]rdk;}? nDudk ]a';cGm;}?tpfudkudk ]0,fcGm;}? tpfrusawmh ]0,frl}? nDrusawmh]a';rl}

tkdufcsKd/ vifr,m;usawmh ..

bkd;u&if/ vifqkd&if ]0g;}? r,m;qkd&if ]rm;} aygh/

tdkufcsKd/ cspfw,f? êudufw,f qkd&ifaum ..

bdk;u&if/ ]t,fh} qkd&if cspfw,fayghuG/ ]bmho} qkdwmuêudufwm .. u&ifpum;awGoifNyD; bmvkyfrvkdYvJav/b,fu&ifrav;udk pum;ajymrvdkYvJ/ a*[mrª; &Srf;av;r½dk;bl;xifw,f/ [m; ... [m; ... [m; .../

tkdufcsKd/ (ûyH;wHkUwkHUrsufESmESifh) aEGausmif;ydwf&uf pmusufp&mr&Sd?tm;aevdkY A[kokw&Smwmyg bkd;u&if&JU ../

bdk;u&if/ ausmif;u b,fawmhjyefwuf&rvJuG,fh/

tdkufcsKd/ aemufESpfywfavmufqkd...jyefwuf&r,fav/(ajymajymqkdqkd xrif;vifyef;ukdo,fNyD; Zmwfpifvuf0JbufodkY 0ifap/)

(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)





ae&m/ t.x.u a&SU? ukuúdKyifwef;

tcsdef/ eHeufausmif;oGm;csdef

tjyiftqif/ tcef; (18) twdkif; ukuúdKyifBuD;rsm; vrf;ab;wpfavQmuf pDwef;aeonfha&;csuf aemufcHum;&Sd&rnf/

(a&SUzHk;um;zGihf)

(ausmif;pdrf;0wfpHk opfopfvGifvGifrsm;jzifh ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm; aysmf&TifpGmoGm;vmaeMuap/)

(tdkufcsKdESifh pkd;wifh vG,ftdwfudk,fpDvG,fvsufZmwfpifvuf0JbufrS xGufvmap/)

tdkufcsKd/ pkd;wifh&m..pHausmfomBuD; olUtaztvkyfajymif;oGm;wJhaemuf ygoGm;awmh wkdUtwGJûywfoGm;wmayghuGm/

pkd;wifh/ at;..'DaumifBuD;u A&Gwf&TwfweJY aysmfp&maumif;w,fuG/ ck 10 wef;a&mufawmh wdkYESpfa,mufysif;&NyDayghuGm../ a[h..a&SUrSm..aemftJrGefwdkY../

(aemftJrGefESifh oli,fcsif;ESpfa,muf vuf,mbufrS xGufvmap/ aemftJrGef tdkufcsKdukdvSrf;jrifonfESifh..)

aemftJrGef/ [,f..tdkufcsKd..(oli,fcsif;rsm;bufodkYvSnfhí) igtdkufcsKdukdar;p&m&SdvdkY.. oGm;ESifhaemf../ (oli,fcsif;ESpfa,mufqufoGm;ap/)

(aemftJrGef tdkufcsKdxH tajy;uav;oGm;ap/ tdkufcsKdvnf;0rf;omvsuf&Sdap/)

pkd;wifh/ tdkufcsKd..igoGm;ESifhr,faemf../

tdkufcsKd/ at;..at;../ (aemftJrGefESifh tkdufcsKd Zmwfpiftv,favmufwGif rsufESmcsif;qdkif&Sdaeap/)

aemftJrGef/ tdkufcsKd..ausmif;ydwf&ufrSm eif&Gmjyefao;vm;[if/

tdkufcsKd/ b,fjyefEdkifrvJ[m? bdk;bGm;&dyfomvkyfief;awGurtm;bl;/ eifaum bmjzpfvdkY bdk;bGm;&dyfombuf wpfcgav;awmif rvmwmvJ tJrGef&/

aemftJrGef/ pmar;yGJNyD;awmh../ tyg;uav ajrmif;jrem;u trdk;Zmwd&Gmudk cPoGm;&atmifqkdNyD; igwdkYom;tz oGm;Muwm/[dka&mufawmh ightbdk;tbGm;aqGrsKd;awGu ighudk rjyef&bl;/ausmif;zGifhrS olwkdYvdkufydkYr,fqdkNyD; ac:xm;vdkY[../ igavysif;vdkufwm tkdufcsKd&m../ eifhudkvnf; cPcP owd&wmyJ/

aemftJrGef/ eifaum ausmif;ydwf&ufrSm ighukdowd&&UJvm;[if../


tdkufcsKd/ owd&wmaygh[m../ oBuFefESpfqef; 1 &ufaeYuqkd&if ausmif;olausmif;om;awG tzGJUtpnf;u vli,fawGbkd;bGm;awGudk ajconf;? vufonf;ñ§yfay;? qHyifNzD;ay;?oefY&Sif;a&;awG vkyfMuwmav/ eifbmvdkY rygvJvdkY rar;&Jbl;[/ eif&Sd&if ygrSmaemf../

aemftJrGef/ [,f..tJ'DukokdvfrsKd; igodyfvkyfcsifwm/ igr&Sdvdkufwm emw,f[m/ 'DESpfxJ ausmif;ydwf&ufawGus&ifighbmom bdk;bGm;awGudk vmûypkOD;r,fodvm;/

tdkufcsKd/ at;...eif bdk;bGm;&dyfomukd cPcPvm[m/

aemftJrGef/ eifa&m..ausmif;ydwf&ufwkef;u wjcm;bmawG vkyfao;vJ/

tkdufcsKd/ igvm;..iSufaysmjcH wdk;csJUpdkufzdkY ajrmif;awGaygufw,f/ tJ..tJ aemufNyD; (&,fusJusJvkyfaeap/)

aemftJrGef/ bmvJ [if../

tdkufcsKd/ (cPpOf;pm;NyD;) tif;..jynfwGif;bmompum; 'Dyvdkrmoifwef;wpfckwufw,f[/

aemftJrGef/ [,f..Foreign Language EdkifiHjcm;bmompum;'Dyvdkrmoifwef;vdkYyJ Mum;zl;ygw,f[m/

tdkufcsKd/ wu,f[../ tJ'Doifwef;rSm igoifcJhwJhpum;vHk;awGu eifodvm;? rodvm; igar;r,f/

aemftJrGef/ (em;rvnf[efESifh) b,fvdkbmompum;vHk;awGvJtkdufcsKd&JU../

tdkufcsKd/ ]yg;}qkdwm bmvJ? ]rdk;}qkdwm bmvJ/

aemftJrGef/ [,f..tdkufcsKd eifawmfawmf aemufwmyJ/ eif u&ifpum;awGoifxm;w,fayghav/]yg;}qkdwm taz?]rdk;}qdkwmtaraygh[/

tdkufcsKd/ 'gqdk ]t,fh} qdkwma&m? ]bmho} qkdwma&m/

aemftJrGef/ (&SufaoG;zsef;vsuf) vlqkd;..igoGm;awmhr,f/

(tkdufcsKd cyfûyH;ûyHH;usefcJhap/)

(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)

&ifcGifaEG; 129




ae&m/ bkd;bGm;&dyfom? bGm;aqmif


tjyiftqif/ tcef; (14) twdkif; jyiffqifxm;&rnf/

(taqmifwGif;jrifuGif;)

(a&SUzHk;um;zGihf)

(pwkw¬ajrmuf ckwifwGifom tbGm;wpfa,muf&SdaeNyD;usefckwifrsm;wGif vlr&Sdap&/ ¤if;tbGm; ckwifay:wGifapmifûcHí vJavsmif;aeap/)

(Zmwfpifvuf0JbufrS tkdufcsKdESifh aemftJrGefwdkY xGufvmap/)

tdkufcsK d/ tJrGef..eif xrif;pm;NyD;cJhNyDvm;/ rpm;&ao;&if'DrSmpm;vdkY&w,faemf/ eifvmr,ffffqdkvdkY igxrif;rpm;ao;bJapmifhaewm/

aemftJrGef/ pm;NyD;cJhNyD[/ pm;NyD;NyD;csif;yJ tyg;udkvdkufydkYcdkif;wm/eif xrif;oGm;pm;/ ig oefY&Sif;a&;vkyfr,f/ [if..'DrSm

tbGm;wpfa,mufwnf;ygvm;/ usefwJhtbGm;awGa&m../

tdkufcsKd/ 'Dtcsdefu w&m;½IrSwfwJhtcsdefav/ "r®m½HkBuD;xJrSmw&m;½IrSwfaeMuw,f/ 'DtbGm;uawmh enf;enf;aeraumif;vdkY usefcJhwmav/ eifoefY&Sif;a&;vkyfr,fqdk&ifolwdkYr&Sdwkef; arGU&mcif;awG? apmifawGzkefcgNyD; oyfoyf&yf&yfjyefcif;ay;ygvm;/ NyD;awmhrS wHjrufpnf;vSnf;wmaygh/

aemftJrGef/ (tm;wufoa&majym) vkyfay;r,f..vkyfay;r,f/

vJavsmif;aeaomtbGm;? tkdufcsKdwdkYESpfa,mufudkMunhfae&mrS x&ef[efjyifaeí tdkufcsKdESifhaemftJrGef tbGm;tem;a&mufoGm;ap/)

tkdufcsKd/ (tbGm;ukd az;ray;? ezl;ukdprf;Munfh&if;ajym) ukd,fawmh rylawmhbl;aemf/ b,fvdkaeao;vJtbGm;/

tbGm;/ (apmifudk tomz,f&if;) BuD;BuD;us,fus,fjzpfwmr[kwfygbl;? &Srf;av;&JU/ raeYu rdk;a&csKd;vdkufvdkYeUJwlw,f?enf;enf;udkufcJ½Hkyg/ &ygw,f/ q&mrrsKd;rsKd;ay;xm;wJhaq;av; aomufrvdkY/

aemftJrGef/ uRefrvkyfay;r,ftbGm;/ uJ..tdkufcsKd eifxrif;oGm;pm;awmh? ig tbGm;ukd aq;wdkufvdkufr,faemf/

tdkufcsKd/ at;..at; igpm;NyD;&if jyefvmcJhr,fodvm;/

(vuf0JbufokdY jyef0ifoG;ap/)

aemftJrGef/ (pm;yGJykav;ay:rS aq;xkyfukd udkifí) 'Daq;vm;tbGm;/


tbGm;/ tif;..tif;..[kwfw,f/

(aemftJrGef? aq;rsm;udk tMurf;yef;uefwpfvHk;xJxnfhNyD; "mwfbl;xJrS a&aEG;jzifhazsmfum tbGm;ukd ,k,pGmaq;wkdufay;ap/)

tbGm;/ (aq;aomufNyD;) om"k..om"k..orD;av; usef;rmcsrf;omygapawmf../

(tbGm;aq;aomufNyD;aemuf tdyf&may:jyefvSJay;ap/)

aemftJrGef/ tbGm;..orD;oefY&Sif;a&;vkyfvdkufOD;r,f/ tbGm;vdk&if orD;ukd vSrf;ac:vdkufaemf/

tbGm;/ at;uG,f..rvdkao;ygbl;/

(aemftJrGef xdyfqHk;ckwifqDodkY oGm;a&mufNyD; acgif;tHk;ESifhapmifukd tomz,fí arGU&mtcif;ukd ajc&if;bufokdYzHkcgNyD;vQif arGU&mwGif oyfoyf&yf&yfjyefcif;NyD; acgif;tHk;ukdpepfwusjyefxm;ap/ ûcHapmifudkvnf; ajc&if;bufü zkefcgNyD;acgif;tHk;ay:aocsmpGm jyefxm;ap/ xdkYaemuf 'kwd,ajrmufckwifwGif tvm;wlvkyfap/ wwd,ajrmufckwifukd pwif&efarGU&mtcif;ukd ½kyfvdkufonfhtcg MuufoGefjzLtpdwfuav;rsm; arGU&matmufrS xGufusap/)

aemftJrGef/ (arGU&mudk vSefMunfhNyD; tHhMooHjzifh) tdk..'DrSm..'DrSm..(arGU&matmufae&mtESHY axGvDumvDypönf;av;rsm;udkwpfckcsif;,lí erf;Munfhum) 'gu uefpGef;Oûywf? 'gu..'gu yef;oD;pdwf? 'DrSm csKdcsOfvHk;awG..

(xdkpOf tdkufcsKd vuf0JbufrS jyefxGufvmap/)

tdkufcsKd/ (aemftJrGefteD;a&mufvm? arGU&matmufudkMunfhNyD;)[if..bmawGvJ? rsKd;pHkygvm;../ csKdcsOfvHk;awGvnf; arGU&matmufrSm xm;..wm..ukd../

pwkw¬ckwifrStbGm;/ (vJavsmif;ae&mrSajym) at;..[kwfw,f/tJ'g a':Ockwifav/ a':Ou tJ'DvdkyJ pm;p&mawGusef&ifvTifhrypfbJ arGU&matmufrSm odrf;odrf;xm;wmuG,fh/ tbGm;vnf; t&ifwkef;uawmh ajymygao;w,f/ aemufawmhajymr&vdkY rajymawmhygbl;uG,f/

tkdufcsKd/ [m..'Dudpöajym&r,f/ Mumawmh usef;rma&;xdcdkufukefrSmaygh/ (axGvDumvDrsm;udk trIdufa*:jym;wGifpkxnfhap/)

(aemftJrGef arGU&mcif;cgjcif;? apmifcgjcif;rsm; ponfrsm;ukd qufvkyfap/ xdkYaemuf yÍörajrmufckwifodkY qufoGm;NyD; oefY&Sif;a&;vkyfap/)

(xdkpOfyif tbGm;rsm; Zmwfpifvuf0JbufrS xGufvmNyD;ckwiftoD;oD;okdY 0ifa&muf&if; ûyH;&TifpGmjzifh ]]oefY&Sif;a&;vkyfxm;wmudk;? om"kyguG,f om"kyg..}}ponfjzifh0rf;omMunfEl;aeMuap/)

tkdufcsKd/ (wwd,ckwifrS apmifhae&if; a&mufvmaomtbGm;tm;ajym) uJ..tbGm;..a':O..

a':O/ aMomf...&Srf;av;ukd aiGig;&may;&OD;r,f/ (aemftJrGef

&ifcGifaEG; 133


vSnfhajym) [dkuav;rav;ukdvnf; aiGig;&may;r,f aemf/'Dvukefyifpif xkwfNyD;&ifay;r,faemf..pdwfcs/

(tbGm;rsm; 0dkif;&,fMuap/)

tkdufcsKd/ uJ..tbGm; a':O..(a*:jym;xJrS axGvDumvDrsm;ukdjyNyD;) tJwmawG bmjzpfvdkYarGU&matmufrSmxm;wmvJ../

a':O/ aMomf..'gvm;? rukefvdkY rif;wdkYudk auR;zdkY odrf;xm;wmav../

(tbGm;rsm; 0dkif;&,fMujyefap/)

tdkufcsKd/ uJ..rauR;ygeJYtbGm;&,f/ tJwDvdk ckwifatmufrSmrxm;&bl; tbGm;&JU/ Mum&if eHukefrSmaygh/ usef;rma&;vnf; xdcdkufvdrfhr,f/ aemufukd tJwDvkd rvkyfeJUYaemf/

a':O/ at;yguG,f..at;yg..rvkyfawmhygbl;/

(tkdufcsKdESifh aemftJrGefwdkY ZmwfcHka&SUydkif;okdY xGufvmMuap/)

aemftJrGef/ tbGm;a':Ou Normal r[kwfbl;xifw,faemf..&,fp&mvnf;aumif;w,f/

tdkufcsKd/ [kwfw,f..tJrGef..olu ½l;wmawmhr[kwf/ 'gayrJh pdwfyHkrSefawmh r[kwfbl;/ Ab-normal vdkYac:&rSmaygh/uJ..tJrGefvnf; bkd;bGm;awGudk vkyftm;'ge vkyfcsifwmvkyfNyD;oGm;NyD/ ukodkvfawGtrsm;BuD;&NyD/ auseyfw,fr[kwfvm;/

aemftJrGef/ at;yg..igvkyfEdkifoavmufaygh[m/

tdkufcsKd/ uJ..a&mufwkef; eifeJYig uefawmfBuD;ay:rSmoGm;NyD;tyef;ajz vrf;avQmufMurvm;/

aemftJrGef/ aumif;om;yJ/ eD;w,fr[kwfvm;/ tyg;u nae5 em&DrSvmrSm/

tdkufcsKd/ wdkY&dyfomeJU uyfvsufyJav../ vm..oGm;pkdY/

(tdkufcsKdESifh aemftJrGef Zmwfpifvuf0JbufodkY 0ifoGm;ap/)

(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)

&ifcGifaEG; 135




ae&m/ uefawmfBuD;apmif;wpfae&m

tcsdef/ naeydkif;

tjyiftqif/ rdk;wdrf? uefa&jyif? uefaygif½dk;ESifh opfyifi,frsm; a&;csufaemufcHum;&Sd&rnf/

uefaygifay:wGif xdkifcH ki,fav;ESpfvHk;aemufcHum;ESifhuyfvsuf xm;&Sd&rnf/

(a&SUzHk;um;zGihf)

(Zmwfpifvuf0JbufrS tdkufcsKdESifh aemftJrGef xGufvmap/)

aemftJrGef/ uefaygifay:vrf;avQmuf&wm t&om&Sdvdkufwm[m/

tdkufcsK d/ avaumif;? avoefY&w,f/ jrifuGif;u vSw,fr[kwfvm;/

aemftJrGef/ uefa&jyifus,fBuD;u wpfarQmfwpfac:? rdk;om;wdrfawGu aemufcHyef;csDum;wpfcsyfvdkyJ/ wu,fvSw,f[m/MumawGuvnf; ueftjynfheD;eD;yJaemf/ MumyGifh? Mumzl;av;awGeJY/ a&uefeJYMum..MumeJYa&uef yeH&vkdufwm/ pmawGuAsmawGrSm rMumcP zwf&wJhtwdkif;yJ.../

tdkufcsKd/ MumawG&SdvdkYvnf; a&awGoefYwm/ uefawmfBuD;a&udkwpfûrdUvHk;oHk;vdkY&atmif pnfyifom,mu ydkufawGeYJ pepfwusjzefYjzL;zdkYvkyfaeyDav/ igwdkYbkd;bGm;&dyfomukdawmh a&ydkufeJYoG,fay;xm;yD;yD/

aemftJrGef/ aumif;wmayghaemf/ tif;..uefawmfBuD;u a&aumif;a&oefYawGay;ovkd avaumif;avoefYvnf; &SL½Iduf&w,f/½Icif;vnf;om,mw,f/ pdwfukdMunfvifoGm;wmyJ..[m../

tdkufcsKd/ tJ'gaMumifh ig'DrSmvmvmNyD; pmusufwm[/ vm..xdkifcHkay: cPxkdifMu&atmif/

(xdkifcHkykav;ay:wGif ESpfa,muf,SOfwGJí xdkifMuap/)

aemftJrGef/ at;aemf..eifu pmusufzdkY ae&maumif;&xm;wmukd;/ igwkdYtdrfuawmh 0efxrf;tdrfqkdawmh usOf;vnf;usOf;w,f/ vGwfvnf;rvGwfvyfbl;/ 'gaMumifh igvlawGtdyfwJhtcsdefudk xNyD;pmMunfhwJh tavhtusifhvkyfvdkufw,f/ nOfhOD;ydkif;ukdtdyfvkdufwmaygh[m/


tdkufcsKd/ at;..eifhrSmvnf; b0udk t½IH;ray;wJhowåd&Sdwm0rf;omw,f[m/ wkdYwpfawG rdbrJhawG[m b0udk t½HI;ray;bJ ykdNyD;êud;pm;tm;xkwf&r,f[/ eifurS awmfao;w,f/ taz&Sdao;vdkY/ ighrSmawmh tazvnf;r&Sd? tarvnf;r&Sd/ 'ghaMumifh bmudpöjzpfjzpf olrsm;xufykd tyifyef;cH&r,fvdkY igcH,lxm;w,fav/

aemftJrGe f/ eif tJ'DvkdtvkyfawG trsm;BuD;vkyfvdkY? trsm;twGufqdk&ifvnf; eifu a&SUqHk;u tusKd;aqmifvdkY eifhukdrcifwJholr&Sdbl;[/

tkdufcsKd/ eifua&m ighudk wu,fcif&JUvm;/

aemftJrGe f/ rcifbJeJU 'Dvkdaeyghrvm;/ eifeUJigu b0wlawG/igutrdrJh? eifurdbrJh/ trsm;têud;aqmif&GufcsifwJhpddwfvnf;wlw,f/ 'ghaMumifh 9 wef;rSm pawGUuwnf;u igeifhudk cifoGm;wm/ aEGausmif;ydwfwkef;uvnf; ta0;a&mufaerS eifhudk ydkowd&ovdkyJ/

tdkufcsKd/ [kwf&JUvm;..[m/ 'gqkd&if ausmif;jyefzGifhwJhaeYwkef;u eifhudkig ]t,fh}vdkYajymwm eifbmjzpfvdkYjyefrajzwmvJ/

aemftJrGef/ (rsufapmif;uav;xdk;í) cifwmeJY ]t,fh}eJY wlrSrwlyJ[m/

tkdufcsKd/ (acwårQ pOf;pm;ovkdvkyfNyD;aemuf) tJrGef..

aemftJrGef/ [if..bmvJ/

tkdufcsKd/ igav..eifhudk..eifhukd yGifhyGifhvif;vif; ajymcsifw,f[m/

aemftJrGef/ (tkdufcsKd&JUyg;pyfudk vSrf;ydwfNyD;) rajymeJUrajymeJY../eifajymr,fhpum; igodw,f/ 'DESpf[m 10 wef;av/ wdkYwpfawG ausmif;om;awGb0rSm ta&;BuD;qHk;tcsdefqkdwmeifvnf;od&JUom;eJY/ tcktcsdefrSm pmyJta&;BuD;qHk;r[kwfvm;/ aemufNyD; eifeJYig usL&Sifvnf;,lwJholr[kwfawmholrsm;xuf ydkêud;pm;&r,f[/ 'DvkdtcsdefrsKd;rSm wjcm;pdwfawG0ifae&if wdkU&nfrSef;csufawG ysufukefvdrfhr,f/

tdkufcsKd/ tif;..eifajymwmvnf; [kwfygw,f[m../ igh&ifxJu raxG;Edkif rtefEdkifvkdYomyg/

aemftJrGef/ 10 wef;pmar;yGJBuD;NyD;oGm;rS eifajymcsifwmajymaygh/

tdkufcsKd/ (0rf;omtm;&[efESifh) [kwfw,f..[kwfw,f? igavmBuD;oGm;w,f[m/ uJ...'DaeYupNyD; wkdYESpfa,mufwjcm;bmrS rpOf;pm;bl;aemf/ wkdY&nfrSef;csuftwkdif; 10wef;udk *kPfxl;ygatmif êud;pm;Mur,f/

(ESpfa,mufom; nmvuf0g;csif; qkyfukdifí todtrSwfûyvkdufMuap/ &Tifvef;pGm xMupOf)

(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)

&ifcGifaEG; 139




ae&m/ bkd;bGm;&dyfom½Hk;cef;


tjyiftqif/ tcef; (13) twdkif; jyiffqifxm;&rnf/

(a&SUzHk;um;zGihf)

(a*[mrª;OD;atmif AD½dkxJrS aq;ykvif;? aq;bl;rsm;udkxkwfí ¤if;\pm;yGJay:wGif wef;pDí wifvsuf&Sdap/ yguifaq;bl;topfrsm;vnf; trsm;tjym;&S dap/ xdkpOfausmif;pdrf;0wfjzifh tdkufcsKd Zmwfpif vuf0JbufrS xGufvmap/)

OD;atmi f/ ausmif;qif;vmNyDvm;..tkdufcsKd/

tdkufcsKd/ [kwfuJh..OD;av;atmif../ (vG,ftdwfudk ukvm;xdkifwpfvHk;wGif csdwfxm;vdkufNyD;) uRefawmf xkwfvkdufr,f/ (OD;atmiftm; ab;z,fapNyD; 0ifvkyfap/ aq;bl;rsm;AD½dkxJrSxkwf&if;) 'gawGtm;vkH;xkwf&rSmvm; OD;av;atmif../

OD;atmif/ at;...tm;vHk;omxkwfvdkuf.../ q&mrav;a':rsKd;rsKd; bkd;bGm;awGudk taqmifawGrSm oGm;Munfhay;aew,f/ olNyD;vdkY 'Dudkjyefvm&if oleJYñ§dEIdif;NyD; 'Daq;awGa0oifhwma0? csefxm;oifhwmcsefxm;rvdkY/

tdkufcsKd/ aMomf... aMomf../

OD;atmif/ (rSwfyHkwifpmtkyfwpftkyfudk xkwfvkdufNyD;) vªxm;wJh pm&if;eJY igppfMunfhvkdufOD;r,f/ rif;u aq;awGudktrsKd;tpm;wl&mwl&m pDxm;aemf/

tdkufcsKd/ [kwfuJh..OD;av;atmif../aq;awGu trsm;BuD;yJaemf/ [dkvawGuwnf;u vªoGm;wmawGudk pkxm;wmr[kwfvm;/

OD;atmif/ at;av..tvª&SifawGu ,l,lvmNyD; vªoGm;wmawGudk 'DpmtkyfxJrSm rSwfxm;NyD; pkpkxm;wm/ tck awmfawmfav;rsm;vmvdkY? q&mrav;eJY wkdifyifNyD; a0ay;rvdkYav/

(ajym&if; rdrdukdifxm;aom pmtkyfESifh aq;rsm;ukd wkdufMunfhaeap/)

(twefMumvQif wdkif;&if;aq;q&mr a':rsKd;rsKd; Zmwfpifvuf,mbufrSxGufvmap/ ¤if;vufxJwGif ygvmaomaoG;aygifcsdefud&d,mESifh aq;tdwfudk qufwDay:wGifwifvdkufNyD;...)


a':rsKd;rsKd;/ OD;av;atmif... tJ'Daq;awG bmvkyfrvdkYvJ/vªxm;wmawGvm;/ (qufwDxkdifcHkwGif xkdifap/)

OD;atmif/ q&mrav; cPxdkifygOD;aemf/ 'Daq;awGu vªxm;wmawGudk pkpkxm;wmyg/ tcktrsm;BuD;jzpfvmvkdYbkd;bGm;awGudk a0ay;oifhwmav;awG a0ay;&atmif q&mrav;eJU wkdifyifcsifw,f/ q&mrav; tcsdef&w,f r[kwfvm;/

a':rsKd;rsKd;/ aMomf..aMomf... tcsdef&ygw,f OD;av;atmif/

OD;atmif/ 'gjzifhjznf;jznf;ayghaemf/ q&mrav; aumfzDrpfaomufrvm;? vdar®mf&nfaomufrvm;/

a':rsKd;rsKd;/ uRefr aeYwkdif;a&mufaewm? {nfhonfrSr[kwfbJ/

OD;atmif/ tqifoifh&SdaevkdUyg q&mrav;&JU/ wpfcgwavaygh/ vdar®mf&nfykvif;uawmh reufutvª&Sif&JU vufuseftqDykvif;av/

a':rsKd;rsKd;/ 'Dvkdqkd vdar®mf&nfaomufr,f/

OD;atmif/ uJ..tkdufcsKda&..rif;tpfrrsKd;rsKd;twGuf azsmfvdkuf/

tkdufcsK d/ [kwfuJh..OD;av;atmif../ (ZmwfpiftwGif;ydkif;0ifívdar®mf&nftqDykvif;? a&oefYykvif;ESifh zefcGufwkdYudk ,lcJhNyD; pm;yGJay:wGif azsmf&efjyifqif&if; a':rsKd;rsKd;tm;vSrf;ajym) tpfrrsKd;rsKd; csOfcsOfvm;? csKdcsKdvm;/

a':rsKd;rsKd;/ t[if;..[if;..r0atmif..csOfcsOfav;aygh/

tkdufcsKd/ tpfrrsKd;rsKd;u odyfNyD; 0,wmr[kwfygbl;/ Munfhaumif;ygw,fAs/

a':rsKd;rsKd;/ at;..igharmifukd rkefU0,fauR;r,f/

(tkdufcsKd vdar®mf&nfzefcGufudk atmufcHyef;uefjym;jzifh,lvmNyD; a':rsKd;rsKd;a&SUwGif csay;ap/ xdkYaemuf pm;yGJokdYjyefvmap/)

tkdufcsKd/ aMomf..OD;av;atmifa&..&Gmurª;q&mqDu vlêuHeYJpma&mufvmw,f/

OD;atmif/ bmxl;vdkYvJ/

tkdufcsKd/ aMomf..pmar;yGJeD;vmawmh pmawGvdkufEdkif&JUvm;?ydkufqHvdkao;vm;? pmêud;pm;zdkYaygh/ t"du uawmh tJwmavmufygyJ/tif;..0rf;enf;p&mudpöwpfckawmh ygvmw,f/

OD;atmif/ bmudpövJ/

tdkufcsKd/ OD;av;atmifawmhodrSmr[kwfbl;/ &GmrSmjrefrmaq;q&mBuD; OD;t*¾qdkwm&Sdw,f/ uRefawmfwkYd y&[dwa*[m&JU tm;udk;tm;xm;q&mBuD;aygh/ wpf&GmvHk;uvnf;av;pm;tm;ukd;Muw,f/ tJ'Daq;q&mBuD; qHk;oGm;NyDwJh/

OD;atmif/ [kwfvm;.../

a':rsKd;rsKd;/ (vdar®mf&nfaomufvufpukd cP&yfvdkufNyD;)[if.. q&mBuD;OD;t*¾ qHk;oGm;NyD[kwfvm;/

&ifcGifaEG; 143


tkdufcsKd/ a':rsKd;rsKd;a&SU xkdifcHkwGif oGm;xdkif&if;) q&mBuD;OD;t*¾udk tpfrrsKd;rsKd;odvdkYvm;..[if/

a':rsKd;rsKd;/ odwmaygh tkdufcsKd&m/ wkdif;&if;aq;ynm uRrf;usifNyD; odu©m? orm"deJYjynfhpHkwJh q&mBuD;yJ/ 'De,fujrefrmaq;q&mawG olYudk rodwJhvlr&Sdbl;/

tkdufcsKd/ [kwfw,f..odyfawmfwJhq&mBuD;yg/ uRefawmfawmif olYqDu wkdif;&if;aq;A[kokwawG &vkdufao;w,f/

a':rsKd;rsKd;/ aMomf...tkdufcsKdu wkdif;&if;aq;udk pdwf0ifpm;vdkYvm;/

tkdufcsKd/ t&rf;pdwf0ifpm;ygw,f/ &GmrSmawmh q&m0efuvnf; r&Sdawmh aq;cef;u teD0wfq&mreJY q&mBuD;OD;t*¾ukdyJ tm;udk;&wmav/ q&mBuD;ukay;wm y&[dwausmif;om;awG a&m*gaysmufwmyJ/ uRefawmfudk,fwkdifvnf;vufawGUyJ/ wu,fawmh..uRefawmfwkdYjrefrmEkdifiHrSm jrefrmhwkdif;&if;aq;ynm[m tqifhjrifhygw,f/ orm;twkta,mifawGaMumifh wdkif;&if;aq;ynmudk vlawGtxifao;cJhMuwmvdkY q&mBuD;u ajymjyw,f/

a':rsKd;rsKd;/ [kwfwmaygh tkdufcsKd&m../ tpfrwkdY wkdif;&if;aq;ynm[m wu,fvdkufpm;Munfh&if taemufwdkif;aq;ynmxuf atmufruswmawGU&r,f/ tpfrwdkYvnf; i,fpOfwkef;uawmh rodcJhbl;aygh/ tazu vrf;ñTefay;vdkY wdkif;&if;

aq;odyÜHukd wuf&awmhrS wdkYwdkif;&if;aq;[m wu,ftqifhjrifhwm? odyÜHenf;uswm awGU&awmhw,f/

tdkufcsKd/ tpfrrsKd;wdkY oif,lcJh&wJhtxJu jrefrmhwdkif;&if;aq;&JU tajccH t"duuswJhtcsufayghav/ uRefawmhfudk ajymrjyEdkifbl;vm;/

OD;atmif/ (pm;yGJcHkrSaeí vSrf;ajym) tkdufcsKdu wkdif;&if;aq;q&m jzpfcsifvdkYvm;uG/

tdkufcsKd/ vkyfoifh&ifvkyf&rSmaygh OD;av;atmif&m/ tckqkd&if&GmrSm q&mBuD;OD;t*¾r&Sdawmh cufNyDaygh/

a':rsKd;rsKd;/ aq;ynmudk pdwf0ifpm;wm aumif;wmaygh/wu,fawmh vlwdkif;vlwdkif; usef;rma&;eJUywfoufwJhtajccHtcsufawGudk odoifhygw,f/ ]]vltrsm;tjym;[ma&m*gaMumifhao&wmr[kwfbJ rodrIaMumifh ao&wmjzpfw,f}} vdkY w½kwfygarmu©wpfa,mufuajymwJh pum;[mtvGefrSwfom;vkdufemzdkYaumif;vSygw,f/ urÇmhusef;rma&;tzGJUBuD;&JU]]êudwifumuG,fenf;udkom vkdufemusifhoHk;&ifaoqHk;EIef;ukd xuf0ufavQmYcsEdkifr,f}}?]]a&[ma&m*gb,rsm;udk wdkufxkwfzdkYtwGuf taumif;qHk; vlrIa&;umuG,faq;BuD;}}qkdwJh aqmifyk'fawG[mvnf; vlom;awG usef;rma&;ynm odoifhw,fvkdYqdkwJh t"dyÜg,faygh/

tJ..tkdufcsKdodcsifwJh jrefrmwdkif;&if;aq;ynm&JUtajccHuawmh yx0D? awaZm? tmayg? 0ga,m qkdwJh

&ifcGifaEG; 145


ajr"mwf? rD;"mwf? a&"mwf? av"mwfaygh/ owåavmuBuD;udk 'D"mwfBuD;av;yg;eJY zGJUpnf;xm;ovdk vl&JUcE¨mrSmvnf; 'D"mwfBuD;av;yg;yJaygh/ zGJUpnf;wnfaqmufxm;wJh tajccHudkod&if ukowJhynm&yfudk rSwfom;Edkifwmayghaemf/ "mwfBuD;av;yg;nDnGwfjcif;onfom vlwdkY\touf&Snfjcif;? wkdjcif;? tema&m*guif;jcif;? ruif;jcif;eJYoufqkdifw,fvkdY qkdxm;w,fav.../

tkdufcsKd/ jrefrmhwkdif;&if;aq;ynm[m tawmhfudk eufeJw,faemf/ tpfrrsKd;rsKd;wkdY wdkif;&if;aq;odyÜHwufwkef;u b,fESESpfawmifoif,lcJh&wmvJ/ rEÅav;rSm r[kwfvm;/

a':rsKd;rsdK;/ [kwfw,f..rEÅav;wkdif;&if;aq;odyÜHrSm av;ESpfawmif oifcJh&wmav/ tJ'gawmif vufawGUukorIr&Sd&ifwwfw,fvdkY rqkdEdkifbl;/ okawoeûyaeqJ udpöawGvnf;&Sdao;w,f/ b,fvkdyJjzpfjzpf tckacwfrSm jrefrmhwkdif;&if;aq;ynmeJU jynfolawGudk tusKd;ûyaeEkdifNyD/ tpfrwdkYvkdwkdif;&if;aq;odyÜHqif; 'DyvdkrmvufrSwf&awGvnf; trsm;BuD;&SdNyD/ EdkifiHtESYHtjym;rSm ukorIûyaeMuwJh q&ma[mif;rsm;ukdvnf; wpfESpfoifwef;awGay;NyD; pepfwus jzpfatmifEkdifiHawmfu aqmif&Gufxm;NyD/

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&ifcGifaEG; 147


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(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)

&ifcGifaEG; 149




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&ifcGifaEG; 153


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&ifcGifaEG; 161

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udk&mjrifh/ tJ'Duausmif;qif;&if../

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udk&mjrifh/ (pdwfyl[efjzihf) bmomrwlawmh b,fhES,fhvkyfrvJtdkufcsdK.. /


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tdkufcsKd/ olu 10 wef;atmif&if om;zGm;eJU olemûyoifwef;wufr,fwJh/ vltrsm;udk ûypkukoay;zdkU oleJUuRefawmfwdkifyifxm;ygw,f/

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&ifcGifaEG; 165

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tddkufcsKd/ [kwfuJh .. rª;q&m/

(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)



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(a&SUzHk;um;zGihf)

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&ifcGifaEG; 167

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(ajym&if;yif a':MuLMuLodef; vuf,mbufrSxGufvmap/ tdkufcsdKxí t½kdtaoûyap/)

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(xdkifcHkwpfckwGif 0ifxdkifap/)

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&ifcGifaEG; 169

a':MuLMuLodef;/ [kwfw,f.. tJ..pum;pyf&OD;r,f/ ckeuajymwJh OD;0if;armifu oHk;bmom*kPfxl;&Sifudk aq;wuúodkvfwufr,fqdk&if oltukefcHNyD; xm;ay;csifygw,fwJh/ ajymyHkt&awmh auoDu tdkufcsdKudk aq;wuúodkvf odyfwufapcsifwJhyHkyJ/ ighwynfhudk pdwf0ifpm;aevm; rodbl;/rif;ua&m b,fvkdvJ../

tdkufcsKd/ [m.. pdwfr0ifpm;ygbl; q&mr&,f/

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ynmwpfydkif;wpfp jzpfoGm;Edkifw,f/

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tdkufcsKd/ wDvkdyg q&mr.. wdkif;&if;aq;odyÜHwufzdkYyg/ tJwmu tukeftusvnf; odyfrrsm;bl;/ pwdkifyifvnf;&Ekdifw,f/ av;ESpfeJYNyD;r,f/ y&[dwausmif;wdkYvdk bdk;bGm;&dyfomwdkYvdk usef;rma&;aqmif&Gufay;zdkU odyfvkdtyfaewJhae&mawGrSm wdkif;&if;aq;ynmeJU rSefrSeftusdK;ûyEkdifw,f/ MC qdk&if 7 ESpfBuD;rsm;awmifMumr,f/ aemufNyD;wdkif;&if;aq;ynmudk uRefawmfpdwf0ifpm;w,f/

OD;ñGefUodef;/ rif;&nfrSef;csufu rif;pdwf"mwfeJUudkufnDom;yJ/

a':MuLMuLodef;/ uRefrvnf; oabmusw,f/ aumif;om;yJ/ olu ESpfrqdkif;bJwufvdkY&Ekdifw,f/ ausmif;qif;wJhtcg 'DyvdkrmvufrSwfay;w,f/

udk&mjrifh/ wdkif;&if;aq;odyÜH ukefusp&dwfavmufukdvnf;pwdkifyiffeJU ravmuf&if uRefawmfwdkU y&[dweJU &GmuyHkrSefuscHEdkifrSm aocsmw,f/

OD;ñGefUodef;/ 'DûrdUrSm wdkif;&if;aq;cef;&Sdw,fav/ tJ'Duq&mrav;awG? bdk;bGm;&dyfomrSm usef;rma&;wm0ef,lay;aewm/ olwdkYu tpkd;&cefU0efxrf;awGyJ/ 'gaMumifhrdkYvdkYwdkif;&if;aq;odyÜHu qif;wJhtcg 0efxrf;vnf; vkyfvdkY&om;yJ/

tdkufcsdK/ 0efxrf;rvkyfbJ trsm;tusdK;ûyvkyfief;vnf; vkyfvkdY&ygw,f/

&ifcGifaEG; 171

udk&mjrifh/ tJ'guawmh oifwef;qif;NyD;awmhrS tajctaet&êudufovdk? qE&Sdovdk pDpOfEkdifrSmyg/ tckawmh bmqufwufoifhw,fqdkwJh tajz&avmufNyD xifygw,f/

a':MuLMuLodef;/ 'gqdk&if OD;0if;armifwdkU urf;vSrf;wmudkuRefryJ q&mrBuD;udk ajymjyvdkufr,fav/

udk&mjrifh/ aumif;ygw,f/

a':MuLMuLodef;/ tdkufcsdKu wdkif;&if;aq;odyÜH avQmufxm;zdkU pDpOfaygh/

tdkufcsdK/ [kwfuJh uRefawmfvnf; avhvmNyD;om;&Sdygw,f/

OD;ñGefUodef;/ udk&mjrifhwdkY &Gmudkb,fawmhjyefrvJ/ 'DaeY npmtdrfrSm pm;oGm;ygvm;/

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OD;ñGefUodef;? a':MuLMuLodef;/ [kwfuhJ.. [kwfuhJ/

(udk&mjrifhESifh tdkufcsdKxdkif&mrSxap/)

(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)



ae&m/ usdKuúrRrf apwDawmf&ifjyif

tcsdef/ naeydkif;

tjyiftqif/ a&Ta&mif0if;aeaom apwDwpfql? wefaqmif;rsm;ESifh &ifjyifawmfa&;csuf aemufcHum;&Sd&rnf um;\vuf,maxmifhem;wGif we*FaEGN*dK[fwdkif wpfcka&;qGJyg&Sd&rnf/ N*dK[fwdkifa&SUem;wGif yef;? a&csrf;?qDrD; uyfvªEdkifonfh t*FawtkwfcHk? yef;tdk;ponfpDpOfxm;&rnf/

(a&SUzHk;um;zGihf)

(Zmwfpifvuf0JbufrS tdkufcsdKESifhaemftJrGefwdkUu yef;pnf;rsm; za,mif;wdkifrsm;udk udkifvsuf xGufvmMuap/ Zmwfpifa&SUydkif;wGif &yfvsuf pum;ajymMuap/)

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&ifcGifaEG; 173

qif;vdkufw,fqdk apwDawmf&JU &ifjyifudka&mufwmyJ/

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aemftJrGe f/ tif;av.. 'gawmhodwmaygh/

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tdkufcsdK/ qkawmif;rSmaygh tJrGef&/

&ifcGifaEG; 175

(ESpfa,mufom; apwDawmfbufodkUvSnfhNyD; we*FaEGû*d[fwdkif&Sd&modkY vSrf;Muap/ a&mufvQif yef;rsm;udk yef;tdk;wGif pdkufNyD;aemuf za,mif;wdkifrsm;udk xGef;n§dMuap/xdkYaemuf ,SOfwGJí ½kdaopGmxkdifMuNyD; bk&m;&Sdcdk;? opömûy qkawmif;pum;rsm; qdkMuap/ olwdkYaemufausmrSjzwfoef;oGm;vmolrsm;vnf; oifhovdk&SdaeMuap/)

(NyD;aemuf bk&m;udk OD;csNyD; Zmwfpifa½SYydkif;odkY jyefvSnfhvmMuap/)

aemftJrGef/ uJ ... bk&m;rSm opömûyqkawmif;NyD;NyD/ wdkUESpfOD;.. b,ftcgrS rarhpwrf;aemf/

tdkufcsdK/ b,fawmhrS tcspfrjy,fpwrf; ../

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tdkufcsdK/ tJwm .. a[m[dkuefapmif;rSmuwnf;u igBudrfwG,fNyD;ajymcJhNyD;NyD r[kwfvm; ../ tJrGef&,f .. pdwfcsyg[m .. aemufNyD;awmh ighb0rSm ta&;BuD;qHk;vljzpfwJhrSL;q&mudkvnf; eifeJU ightaMumif;udk tao;pdwf ajymjyxm;yD;ygyD[ ../

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(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)

&ifcGifaEG; 177



umv/ 1994 ckESpf

ae&m/ rEÅav;ûrdU? wdkif;&if;aq;odyÜHausmif;a&SU

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(a&SUzHk;um;zGihf)

(tdkufcsdK pmwpfapmifudkudkifvsuf Zmwfpifvuf0JbufrSxGufvmap/ opfyifatmufta&mufwGif yifpnfudkrSD&yfNyD;pmtdwfudkazmuf? twGif;rSpmudkqGJxkwf,lNyD; zwfap/)

(aemufcHtoH aemftJrGef toHjzifh xGufay:vmap/)


cspf&wJh &Srf;av;a& .. ta&;wBuD; eifhudkajymp&m&SdvdkU'Dpmudka&;vkdufwm/ ightaz bm;tHudkajymif;&w,f/ 'gaMumifh'DyxrESpfNyD;vdkU ausmif;ydwf&ufus&if igbm;tHudkoGm;&r,f/zsmyHkudk oGm;vdkYr&awmhbl;/ eifwdkYausmif;ydwf&ufESifh igwdkYoifwef;ydwf&uf wl&ifawmifrS eifeJYig vlcsif;awGUEdkifawmhrSmr[kwfbll;../

a&SUESpf 'kwd,ESpf igwdkYoifwef;qif;NyD; tcsdefus&ifvnf;igbm;tHudkyJ jyef&vdrfhr,f/ tJ'DuyJ Mid- wife Posting

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'gayrJh wdkYESpfa,muf tqufrjywf&if NyD;wmyJaemf/vufxyfzdkY tcsdefus&ifvnf; ig&SdwJhae&mudk eifvmvdkY&rSmyJ/iguvJ Posting cswJhtcsdefus&if zsmyHkudkawmif;rSmyJ/ zsmyHkudk&&ifawmh pdwfat;&NyDaygh/ eifausmif;qif;wmeJY eifvkyfcsifwJhy&[dwvkyfief;eJY vufxyfzdkYudpö ñ§dEdIif;zdkY vG,foGm;NyDaygh/

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w,f[m/ igvnf; oifwef;rSm aumif;aumif;vdkufEkdifygw,f/

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tdkufcsKd/ (pmudkudkifvsuf acwåidkifaeNyD;rS wpfudk,fwnf;ajym) tif; .. yxrESpfNyD;vdkU ausmif;ydwf&ufus&iftJrGefeJUzsmyHkrSm rawGUEdkifr,fhtwlwl rEÅav;rSm tcsdefydkif;tvkyfwpfckckvkyfr,f/ vkyftm;c&awmh ighudk&GmuaxmufyHhay;&wm oufomwmaygh/ [kwfNyD .. tckuwnf;u tvkyf&Smxm;r,f/ (tm;wuf[efESifh Zmwfpifvuf,mbufodkU0ifap/)

(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)



umv/ 1996 ckESpf

ae&m/ uefOD;y&[dwa*[m? ½kH;cef;


tjyiftqi f/ tcef; (3) twdkif; jyifqifxm;&rnf/

(a&SUzHk;um;zGihf)

(½kH;cef;xJwGif udk&mjrifh pma&;aepOf vuf0JbufrStdkufcsKd c&D;aqmifvufqGJtdwfjzifh xGufvmap/)

ukd&mjrifh/ (armhMunfhNyD;) [m .. tdkufcsKd? taMumif;rMum;bmrMum;eJU ½kwfw&ufBuD; a&mufvmwmudk;uG/ (ajym&if;xvmNyD; tkdufcsdKycHk;udkzufí ac:ap/) rif;ausmif;rSmbmrsm;jyóemwufvmvdkUvJ[if/ aiGra&mufvdkUvm;../ig.. vpOfrSefrSefaiGydkUay;aeom;yJ/ (ukvm;xdkifwGif jyefxdkifap/ tdkufcsKd vufqGJtdwfudkcsNyD; udk&mjrifhudkuefawmhap/NyD;rS ukvm;xdkifwpfvHk;wGif 0ifxdkifap/)

&ifcGifaEG; 181

tdkufcsdK/ bmjyóemrS r&Sdygbl; rª;q&m/ aiGvnf;rSefrSef&ygw,f/ yxrESpfausmif;ydwf&ufwkef;uvnf; rjyefcJhbl;/ 'kwd,ESpfausmif;ydwf&ufwkef;uvnf; rjyefcJhbl;/tckwwd,ESpf pmar;yGJNyD;NyD;csif; cPjyefvmwmyg/a*[mudkvnf; owd&vdkU/ rª;q&mudkvnf; tajctaeudkajymjycsifvdkU/

udk&mjrifh/ aMomf .. 'Dvdkvm; .. rif;u ½kwfw&ufBuD;jyefa&mufvmawmh igpdwfyloGm;wmaygh/

tdkufcsdK/ uRefawmfhtwGufawmh .. rylygeJUcifAsm/ uRefawmfpmêud;pm;vsufygyJ/ aemufqHk;ESpfrSm *kPfxl;awGeJUatmifjrifatmif qufêud;pm;yghr,f/ uRefawmfhudkauR;arG;ûypkNyD; tckxd yHhydk;wm0ef,laewJh wD&GmeJU wDa*[m&JUaus;Zl;udk uRefawmftNrJatmufarhaeygr,f .. rª;q&m/

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udk&mjrifh/ aMomf..'Dvdkudk;/ (ûyH;aeap/) aumif;wmaygh/udk,fhajcudk,fhvufay:&yfEdkifatmif tavhtusifh&wmayghuGm/

tdkufcsKd/ tckawmif pmar;yGJyD;yD;csif; wDudkcsufcsif;xGufvmyD; jrefjrefjyef&r,fav/ rEÅav;vufzufajcmufqdkifuOD;rif;wdkYu arQmfaeMurSm/ uRefawmf oefbufcgavmufjyefyg&ap/

udk&mjrifh/ at;..at; EIwfquf&r,hfolawGudk jrefjrefvdkufNyD;EIwfqufaygh/

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udk&mjrifh/ aMomf..rif;aumifrav;eYJa&m awGUao;vm;/ rif;udkMunfh&wm odyfr&TifysovdkyJ/ tqifajyMu&JUvm;/

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&ifcGifaEG; 183

udk&mjrifh/ b,fvdk..b,fvdk..olu om;zGm;olemûyoifwef;wufaewmr[kwfbl;vm;/

tkdufcsKd/ oifwef;u NyD;oGm;ygNyD/ yxrESpfNyD;cgeD;wkef;uolUtaz bm;tHudkajymif;a&TU&w,fwJh/ ausmif;ydwf&ufrSmolUtaz&SdwJhqDudkyJjyefw,f/ ol'kwd,ESpftprSmvnf;uRefawmfeJY pmtquftoG,f rjywfygbl;/ 'kwd,ESpfoifwef;tNyD; ]]olYtazqDjyefoGm;r,f bm;tHrSmae&if;Posting apmifhr,f}} vdkY uRefawmfhqD pma&;cJhw,f/ tJwDpmudk aemufqkH;&wmygyJ/ aemufawmh pmrvmawmhbl;/ckcdsefxdygyJ/ wpfESpfavmuf&SdoGm;NyDaygh/ (rsufESmñd§K;aeap/)

udk&mjrifh/ [kwfvm;../ tif; olYtazqDrSm&SdaerSmyguGm/olYtazvdyfpmeJY pmra&;bl;vm;/

tdkufcsKd/ aemufqkH;êud;pm;jcif;taeeJY wpfckawmhvkyfxm;ygw,f/

udk&mjrifh/ bmvkyfcJhwmvJ ajymygOD;../

tdkufcsKd/ uRefawmfwdkY wdkif;&if;aq;odyÜHrSmwufaewJh oifwef;om;awGxJu? u&ifjynfe,fuvmwufaewJholudkuRefawmfvdkufpkHprf;awmh yxrESpfrSm apmpHomqdkwJh u&ifav;wpfa,mufudkawGU&w,f/ olu bm;tHuqdkawmhpmar;yGJtNyD; olbm;tHtjyefrSm tJrGefwdkYom;tzvdyfpmeJYtJrGefqDpmay;vdkufygw,f/ &SmyD;awGUcJhzdkYvnf; aoaocsm


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udk&mjrifh/ at;..at;.. taMumif;pkHod&&if q&mhqD pma&;ygOD;/

tdkufcsKd/ [kwfuJh..rª;q&mqD pma&;vdkufygr,f/

(xdkpOf ndKarmif Zmwfpifvuf0JbufrS xGufvmap/)

ndKarmif/ a[;..tdkufcsKd..rif;a&mufaew,fMum;vdkY igajy;vmwmuG/ rif;a&mufwmMumNyDvm;/

tdkufcsKd/ ckav;wifygyJ tpfudkndK&m../

ndKarmif/ (tdkufcsKdukdMunfhNyD;) rEÅav;om;BuD;qdkawmh rif;uwpfaoG;wpfarG;BuD;ygyJvm;uG/ (uyfvsuf ukvm;xkdifwGif 0ifxdkifNyD;) rif;r&Sdawmh rª;q&mvnf; yifyef;aewmyJ/ oem;p&mawmifaumif;yg&JU/

tdkufcsKd/ tpfudkndKu ulnDvkyfray;bl;vm;As/

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&ifcGifaEG; 185

udk&mjrifh/ tif;..armifndKarmifuawmh 'va[majymcsvdkufNyD/ tdkufcsKd pdwfqif;&JoGm;awmhrSmyJ/

tdkufcsKd/ tif;..'gqdk? oifwef;qif;&if wDrSmyJ rª;q&meJYwGJvkyfrS jzpfawmhrSmyg/

udk&mjrifh/ (ta0;okdYai;í twefMumawG;aeNyD;rS) uJ..'gawGaemufrSpOfpm;yguGm/ tckawmh &GmxJudk vdkufuefawmhvdkufOD;/ armifndKarmifvnf;vdkufoGm;aygh/

tdkufcsKd/ [kwfuJh..[kwfuJh..(xdkif&mrSxap/)

(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)



ae&m/ rEÅav; wdkif;&if;aq;odyÜHausmif;a&SU


tjyiftqi f/ tcef; (31) twkdif; jyifqifxm;&rnf/

(a&SUzHk;um;zGihf)

(tdkkufcsKd? opfyifBuD;udkrSDvsuf ñd§K;EGrf;pGm&Sdaeap/ vuf0JbufqDodkYvnf; rMumcPvSrf;arQmfMunfhNyD; [dkonfvrf;avQmufí *emrNidrfjzpfaeap/ ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;Zmwfpif0JrS,m? ,mrS0J jzwfavQmufaeMuap/)

(uwduq&mBuD;wpfOD; Zmwfpifa&SUydkif;wGif vuf0JbufrS vuf,mbufodkY jzwfavQmufpOf tdkufcsKdudk vSrf;awGUojzifhvSrf;ac:ap/)

uxdu/ armiftdkufcsKd..bmapmifhaewmvJuGJU/

tdkufcsKd/ (uxduxH tajy;uav;avQmufvmNyD; ½dkaopGmajym) oli,fcsif;wpfa,muf wDaeYjyefvmrSmrdkYvdkY xGufapmifhaewmygq&mBuD;/

&ifcGifaEG; 187


uxdu/ aMomf..armiftdkufcsKdvnf; 'DESpfqdk aemufqkH;ESpfa&mufNyDaygh/ rif;uêud;pm;wJholqdkawmh xl;xl;cRefcRefeJYatmifrSmyguGm/ rif;ausmif;qif;NyD;&if bmvkyfzdkYpOf;pm;xm;vJuGJY/ wdkYwdkif;&if;aq;odyÜHrSmyJ enf;jyrvkyfcsifbl;vm;/

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uxdu/ om"kyguG,f..om"kyg/ ighwynfh&JU pdwf"mwfudkq&mcsD;usL;ygw,f/ tcuftcJ&Sd&ifvnf; q&mwdkYudkajymaemf/ uJ..q&moGm;vdkufOD;r,fuG,fh/ (vuf,mbufodkY0ifap/)

tdkufcsKd/ [kwfuJh..aus;Zl;wifygw,f q&mBuD;../

(xdkpOf Zmwfpifvuf0JbufrS apmpHom? vufqGJtdwfESpfvkH;qGJvsuf xGufvmap/ tdkufcsKd0rf;omtm;&oGm;êudNyD; ESpfa,mufom; opfyifBuD;atmufodkY a&mufvmap/)

tdkufcsKd/ ighnD ausmif;jyefzGifhzGifhcsif;a&mufrvmvdkY ab;ckwifudkar;MunfhawmhrS wDaeYa&mufr,fod&w,f/ 'gaMumifhtpfudk ausmif;0xGufapmifhaewm../ (pdwftm;xufoefpGmar;) b,hfES,fhvJ? aemftJrGefwdkYudk awGUcJhvm;[if../

apmpHom/ (tdwfESpfvkH;udk tomcsNyD; rdrdtusÐtdwfxJrS pmwpfapmifudk xkwfay;ap/) a&mh tpfudk/

tdkufcsKd/ (pmtdwfudkMunfhNyD;) [if..tpfudkay;vdkufwJhpmygvm;../ rawGUcJhbl;vm;[if../

apmpHom/ uRefawmf csufcsif;pkHprf;wmygtpfudk/ pdkufysKd;a&;½kH;uvnf; 0efxrf;tajymif;ta&TUawG&Sdawmh vlwdkif;rodMubl;/ aemufrS pma&;rBuD;wpfa,mufeJY awGUawmhrSyJ

&ifcGifaEG; 189

tjzpftysufudk od&awmhw,f/ aemftJrGefudk autifef,lawG ac:oGm;wmwJh/

tdkufcsKd/ (tHhtm;oifhjcif;BuD;pGmjzifh) [if..

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bl;/ aemufNyD;awmh ûrdU*smBuD;&m 0geJUywfoufvdkY tnma'oudk tm;udk;tm;xm;eJY 0gBudwfpufawG csnfrQifeJUtxnfpuf½kHawG wnfaqmufxm;wmav../ ûrdUomu0gBudwfpuf? &GmopfBuD;u csnfrQifeJY txnfpuf 'gawGtm;vkH;rsufjrifyJ/ 'gaMumifh wm0ef&SdolawGuajym&ifawmifolawGu oabmaygufvG,fygw,f/

OD;apmae/ aemufwpfcsufuvnf; tnmuawmifolawGuajrBuD;udkcspfwJhae&mrSm atmufjynfatmuf&Gmu v,form;awGxuf ydkw,fvdkY xifw,fAs/ pdkufysKd;a&; vkyfcsifudkifcsifpdwfydkrsm;w,f/

aus;&GmOuú|/ [kwfuJh ...jzpfEdkifygw,f/

udk&mjrifh/ ûrdU*smBuD;u..atmufjynfatmuf&GmrSm wm0efxrf;aqmifzl;vdkYvm;cifAs/

OD;apmae/ [m..uRefawmfu {&m0wDwdkif;rSm tMumBuD;vkyfzl;w,f/ zsmykHrSm../

udk&mjrifh/ (tHhMooGm;[efESifh) aMomf..zsmykHrSmvkyfzl;wmudk; ../

OD;apmae/ zsmykHudk a&mufzl;vdkYvm;cifAs/

aus;&GmOuú|/ udk&mjrifhu 'D&GmZmwdayr,fh zsmykHbufrSmoGm;NyD; tvkyfvkyfwm tMumBuD;yJ/ tck olYtazqkH;NyD;rS'Dudka&mufvmwmyg/

OD;apmae/ [kwfvm; ...zsmykHb,fem;rSm aecJhwmvJ../

udk&mjrifh/ zsmykHe,fxJu uefOD;qdkwJh&GmrSm y&[dwa*[m&Sdygw,f/ tJ'DrSm a*[mrª;wm0ef xrf;aqmifwmyg/y&[dwausmif;udkwnfaxmifwJh q&mawmfBuD;uuRefawmf&JUOD;&D;awmfrdkYvdkY q&mawmf&JU y&[dwvkyfief;udkoGm;NyD;ulnDjznfhqnf;ay;wJh oabmygcifAs../

OD;apmae/ tif;..[kwfrSm..[kwfrSm? cifAsm;u &yfa&;&Gma&;udk tawmfpdwf0ifwpm;&SdvdkY b,fvdkyk*¾dKvfygvdrfhvdkYawG;aewm..? aMomf..y&[dwtvkyfvkyfcJhwJhvludk;/

aus;&GmOuú|/ udk&mjrifhu &.,.u xJrSmygwm r[kwfayr,fh &yf&Gmudpöqdk&if a&SUuyJ/ 'gaMumifh ol'Dudkjyefa&mufwmrS wpfESpfavmufyJ&SdOD;r,f..? &Gmu olYudk cspfcifMu? tm;udk;Muw,f/ aemufqdk&if Ouú|wm0ef olYay;vdkuf&rSm/

udk&mjrifh/ [m..rvkyfygeJU Ouú|BuD;&m ..Ouú|wdkY vkyfaeustwdkif; vkyfMuyg/ uRefawmfu vdkwJhae&m0ifjznfhzdkUygyJ/ uRefawmfhrSmu rusef;rmwJh rdciftdkBuD;&Sdaeawmh&yfa&;&Gma&;rSm pdwf&Sdoavmuf rvkyfEdkifao;ygbl;/

OD;apmae/ udk&mjrifhu tdrfaxmifrusao;bJudk;../

udk&mjrifh/ [kwfuJh..rdbvufikwf ,mvkyf&if; rdciftdkBuD;eJYnDrav;udk apmifha&SmufaewmygcifAs/

OD;apmae/ at;Asm..zsmykHoHa,mZOfeJU udk&mjrifhudk cifrdygw,f/ NrdKUay:a&muf&ifvnf; uRefawmfhqDudk 0ifcJhyg/


aMomf.. aMomf..tdrfawmhr&Sdbl;As..½kH;rSmaewm..½kH;udk0ifcJhygAsm../

aus;&GmOuú|/ ûrdU*smBuD;u rdom;pkr&Sdbl;vm;../

OD;apmae/ rdef;raowmMumNyD..wpfOD;wnf;aom orD;av;uvnf; om;zGm;oifwef;qif;vdk YrS rMumao;bl;?uRefawmfbm;tHrSm wm0efxrf;aqmifaewkef; autif(ef),lqGJoGm;w,fAsm../

aus;&GmOuú|+udk&mjri fh/tdk..jzpfrSjzpf&av../

udk&mjrifh/ 'geJYOD;apmaeu u&ifr[kwfvm;cifAs/

OD;apmae/ [kwfw,fcifAsm../ u&iftcsif;csif;rdkY vkyfwJhoabmayghAsm../ u&ifjynfe,f&&Sda&; olwdkYwkdufyGJ0ifaewm atmifjrifzdkYtwGuf u&ifwdkif;&if;om;tm;vkH;u yg0if&r,fqdkwJh tdkif'D,mayghAsm../ orD;u olemûyoifwef;qif;qdkawmh..olwdkYautif(ef),lawGuûypkukoay;zdkYac:oGm;wmjzpfrSmayghAsm/ uRefawmfvnf; ac:oGm;cgpwkef;uawmh aMomf .. u&iftcsif;csif;yJav jyefvTwfay;rSmygvdkUxifcJhwm/ b,f .. tckwpfESpfausmfoGm;NyD? orD;av;... aemftJrGef aorsm;aooGm;NyDvm; rodbl;Asm ...(ajym&if; 0rf;enf;oHjzpfvmap/ NyD;rS emMunf;pGmajym)awmuf... vlrsdK;a&;Aef;jyNyD; olwdkUaumif;pm;a&; vkyfaewJhvlawGygAsm ... Mum;xJu uRefawmfwdkUvdkvlawGucHMu&w,f/ u&ifuav;awGvnf; aoewfukdifEdkifwJh


t&G,fqdk awmxJac:oGm;? a&SUwef;rSm wdkufcdkif;/

udk&mjrifh/ pdwfraumif;p&myJaemf/

OD;apmae/ bmrSvnf;qufvkyfvdkUr&bl;As/ uHtaMumif;w&m;vdkUyJ rSwf&awmhwmyJ/

(udk&mjrifh? OD;apmaersufESmudkaocsmpGmpdkufMunfhNyD; pdwfxJrSm wpfpHkwpf&mukd rdrdbmomajymaeonfh[efESifh acgif;wndwfndwfjzpfaeap/ pdwfxJrSmajymaeonfhpum;udkaemufcHtoHjzifh xGufay:vmap/)

udk&mjrifh (toH)/ aMomf .. OD;apmae[m aemftJrGef&JU tazudk; ../

ukd&mjrifh/ ûrdU*smBuD; 'DûrdUe,frSm&Sdaewkef; vdktyfwJhtultnD&Sd&if ajymygaemf ../ vdktyf&if tcsdefra&G;ac:vdkufyg ../

aus;&GmOuú|/ udk&mjrifhajymovdkygyJ ../ vdkwmajymygaemf.. /

OD;apmae/ at;Asm .. cifAsm;wdkUapwemukd aus;Zl;wifygw,fAsm ../ uRefawmfvnf; cifAsm;wkdYeJY w&if;wESD;jzpfoGm;awmh uRefawmfhudk,fa&;udk,fwmawG ajymrdNyDAsm ../

ukd&mjrifh/ uRefawmfwdkYuvnf; wu,fht&if;tcsmvdkcifrifvdkY ar;rdwmygaemf ../ pdwfqif;&Jp&mawGudktpazmfay;ovdkjzpfoGm;vm; ûrdU*smBuD;&m ../

&ifcGifaEG; 207

OD;apmae/ rjzpfygbl;As/ cifAsm;wdkYvnf; pdwfraumif;rjzpfygeJYAsm .. uHw&m;aygh/ uJ .. 0gcif;tajctaeMunfhNyD;NyDqdkawmh &GmxJjyef0ifMupdkYav ../

aus;&GmOuú|/ [kwfuJh .. [kwfuJh .. ûrdU*smBuD; uRefawmhf

tdrfrSm xrif;pm;NyD;rS jyef&rSmaemf/

OD;apmae/ [m .. pm;rSmayghAs/ uRefawmfhrSm xrif;csufwJhvlrS r&SdbJ ../ (tm;vHk;&,farmvsuf Zmwfpifvuf,mbufodkU jyef0ifap/)

(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)



umv/ xef;pOfvS&GmteD; udk&mjrifhaetdrf

ae&m/ naecif;

tjyiftqi f/ tnmtdrf (ajcwH&Snftdrf? atmufbufajrBuD;ay:wGif aeUv,faeUcif;aexdkifonfh yHkpH) a&SUjrifa&;csuf aemufcHum;&Sd&rnf/

a&SUem;wGif pm;yGJBuD;wpfvHk;ESifh &aohavsmif;wef;vsm;cHk&Snfwpfck? ukvm;xdkifESpfvHk;&Sd&rnf/

(a&SUzHk;um;zGihf)

(ukd&mjrifh\rddciftdkBuD;onf &aohavsmif;ay:wGif vJavsmif;&if; acsmif;qdk;vsuf&Sdaeap/ udk&mjrifh pmwpfapmifudkifvsuf Zmwfpifvuf0JbufrS xGufvmap/)

udk&mjrihf/ tpfruvnf; ... bmjzpfvdkUatmufudka&mufaewmvJ ... tdrfay:rSmaeav/ naeaq;a&m aomufNyD;NyDvm; .../

&ifcGifaEG; 209

rdciftdk/ aq;aomufNyD;ygNyDuG,fh/ avaumif;avoefYav;½SL&if;eJY pdwfajyvufaysmuf atmufqif;wmygom;&JU/'geJY rif;vufxJupmvm; .../ orD;av;qDuvm; ...olYudk b,fawmh&Gmjyefac:rSmvJuG,fh/

udk&mjrifh/ uefOD;upmyJ tpfr ...? aeUcif;uygvmwm.../ (ukvm;xdkifwpfvHk;wGif0ifxdkifNyD; pmtdwfukdazmufap/ pmudkqGJxkwfap/)

rdciftdk/ zwfprf;yg ... us,fus,fav; .../

udk&mjrifh/ (pm&Gufacgufudkjznf) aMomf ... udkwifOD;a&;vdkufwmyJ .../ (pmudk cyfus,fus,fzwfap)

udk&mjrifh ...

rMumwifh uRefawmfwdkUtdrfrSm usef;usef;rmrm&Sdygw,f/ av;ig;vavmuf&SdNyDqdkawmh .. pufcsKyftawmfuRrf;usifaeNyD/ olUtwGuf tyfcsKyfpuf0,fzdkUompDpOfxm;ygawmh .../

a*[mudpö tqifajyaeygw,f/ tdkufcsKducifAsm;&JU udk,fyGm;av;ygyJ ../ vkyfwmudkifwma&mtawG;tac:a&m? pdwf"mwfa&m? cifAsm;twdkif;ygyJAsm/a*[mudpö cifAsm;vnf; pdwfat;ayawmhAsKdU/ uRefawmfwdkYaumfrwDawGvnf; pdwfryl&awmhygbl;/ armifndKarmifuvnf; udk,fwdkifulnDaeygw,f .../

cifAsm;eJY ta&;wBuD;wdkifyifcsifwm wpfck&Sdw,fAs/ uRefawmfeJY cifAsm;eJYu nDtpfudkt&if;vdkaecJhMuwmaemf .../ ckvnf; 'Dtwdkif;yJav/ 'gaMumifh yGifhyGifhvif;vif; wdkifyifr,fAsm/

tdkufcsKd[m tbufbufu pdwfcs&wJhvli,fav;/ a*[mudpöudk rsufESmvTJvdkY&wJh taetxm;jzpfayr,fh olYMunfh&wm r&Tifvef;bl;As/ tm;wJhtcsdefawGrSmvGrf;aqG;aewmrsm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh uRefawmfhudkajymjycJhwJh .. aemftJrGeftwGufyJjzpfr,fvdkY uRefawmfxifw,f/wu,fawmh aemftJrGefr&Sdawmhwm wpfESpfausmfavmufawmif&SdNyD r[kwfvm; ... 'Dawmh olY&JUaomuudkvnf;ukpm;&ma&mufatmif y&[dwa*[m&JUa&SUa&;vnf; tqifajyoGm;atmif uRefawmftpDtpOfwpfck vkyfcsifygw,f/tJ'guawmh uRefawmfyGifhyGifhvif;vif;yJajymyg&ap/tdkufcsKdudk rMumwifheJY ay;pm;csifw,f/

rMumwifhtaeeJUvnf; 'DrSmaysmfaewmawGU&ygw,f/ tdkufcsKdudk olvnf;jiif;rSmr[kwfygbl;/ olwdkYESpfa,mufudk ae&mcsay;vdkuf&if tdkufcsdK[m y&[dwa*[mrSm xm0pOfNrJoGm;rSmyJ/ cifAsm;&JU rdcifBuD;uvnf;uefYuGufr,f rxifygbl;/ rMumwifhuawmh cifAsm;pum;em;axmifr,fh rdef;uav;yg/ cifAsm;a&m rdcifBuD;yguefOD;udk ajymif;a&TUvmr,fqdk&ifawmif uRefawmfwdkY&Gmuêudqdkaer,fqdkwm cifAsm;odNyD;om;yg/ ('gupum;csyfyg)


uJ ... 'Dawmh uRefawmf tcka&;vkdufwJh tpDtpOfudk oabmwl rwl pmtjrefjyefapcsifygw,f/

q&mrav; ndK0dkif;vnf;aeaumif;ygw,f/'gayrJh t&ifwkef;uvdk &Tif&Tifvef;vef;r&SdovdkyJ/

opöm&SdwJholi,fcsif;

wifOD;

uefOD;&Gm

(pmzwfNyD;vQif udk&mjrifh pm&Gufudkudkifvsuf ai;íawG;aeap/ om;trdESpfa,muf wdwfqdwfaeap/ twefMumrS...)

udk&mjrifh/ uJ ... tpfrMum;wJhtwdkif;yJ/ udkwifOD;ajymwmtav;teufpOf;pm;&r,f/ aoaocsmcsm awG;Munfh&ifawmh oltBuHay;wm obm0usw,f/ tpfr&m .../

rdciftdk/ tif; ... igvnf; Mumwifhudk oifhwifhwJholawGU&if ay;pm;csifwmMumygNyD/ olYtoufvnf; ri,fawmhbl; 22 ESpf&SdNyD/ igraocif oltajcwusjzpfoGm;wmudkjrifoGm;csifygw,f/ ighom;BuD;udkawmh rylygbl;/

udk&mjrifh/ tdkufcsdKuawmh uRefawmfhvufxGuf pdwftcs&qHk;uav;ygyJ/ MumwifheJY ae&mcsay;vdkuf&if olYtwGufvnf;aumif;? MumwifhtwGufvnf; pdwfcsoGm;&wmaygh/


uJ .. 'gqdk uRefawmf udkwifOD;qD pmjyefa&;vdkufr,faemf .. tpfr/ tao;pdwftpDtpOfawGuawmh wjznf;jznf;ñ§dEdIif;vdkU&ygw,f/

rdciftdk/ at; ... at; ...

(udk&mjrifh pmudkudkifí tdrftay:odkUwufpOf)

(a&SUzHk;um;ydwf)



ae&m/ igef;ZGefûrdU jrefrmhpdkufydsK;a&;vkyfief; ûrdUe,frefae*sm½kH;cef;

tcsdef/ nOfhOD;ydkif;

tjyiftqif/ ½kH;wpf½kH;\twGif;ydkif; tkwfeH&Ha&;csuf aemufcHum;&Sd&rnf/ 4if;aemufcHum;ukd vuf,mbuf oHk;csKd;ESpfcsKd;ESifh vuf0JbufoHk;csKd;wpfcsKd;cGJí a&SUü oHk;xyfom;jzifh cGJjcm;xm;&rnf/

ZmwfpifoHk;csKd;ESpfcsKd;vuf,mbufjcrf;onf ûrdUe,frefae*sm½kH;cef;jzpfNyD; aemufcHum; (eH&H) ay:wGif pdkufysdK;a&;qdkif&mudef;*Pef;rsm; vIHYaqmfydkpwmrsm;? awmifolvkyfief;qdkif&mum;csyfrsm; oifhovdkcsdwfqGJxm;&Sd&rnf/ eH&Ha&SUwGif ½kH;pm;yGJwpfvHk;udk ukvm;xdkifrsm; 0dkif;&Hxm;&Sd&rnf/ pm;yGJay:wGif ]ûrdUe,frefae*sm} &mxl;pma&;xm;onfh opfom;wHk;ESifh pmtkyfrsm;?zdkifwGJrsm; pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm; oifhovdkxm;&Sd&rnf/

Zmwfpif\ oHk;csKd;wpfcsKd;vuf0Jbuffjcrf;onf ûrdUe,frefae*sm tdyfcef;jzpfNyD; aemufcHum; (eH&H) ay:txufem;wGif


cyfao;ao; bk&m;pifwpfck MunfndKzG,f&m pDpOfxm;&rnf/txl;ojzifh a&mifjcnfawmfvQyfppfrD;ESifh bk&m;a&SUxGef;onfhvQyfppfrD;udk aocsmpGmpDpOfxm;&rnf/ bk&m;pifa&SUwGif ckwifwpfvHk;ESifh arGU&m? jcifaxmif? acgif;tHk;? apmifrsm; cif;vsufxm;&Sd&rnf/

(a&SUzHk;um;zGihf)

(bk&m;pifrSvGJí rD;arSmifcsxm;&rnf/ bk&m;pifwGif&Sifawmfjrwfbk&m;\ OD;acgif;awmfaemufrS a&mifjcnfawmf vQyfppfrD;ESifh bk&m;ylaZmfonfh vQyfppfrD; MunfndKoyÜm,fatmifxGef;xm;&rnf/)

(jcifaxmifwifxm;vsuf? ckwifay:wGif OD;apmaeonf½kdaopGmxkdifum arwåmydkYovsuf&Sdap/ arSmifaeí OD;apmaetm;rjrifap&/ w&m;jynfh0 at;csrf;vSaom arwåmydkYooHxGufvmaeap/)

OD;apmae/ (arwåmydkY&GwfqdkaeoH) vHk;pHkrsm;pGm owå0gcsrf;omudk,fpdwfNrJygap/ Oy'f&efab; uif;pifa0; Nidrf;at;Muygap/

ta&SUt&yfü&Sdaom teEÅpMu0Vm teEÅowå0gwdkY ...

ab;&efcyfodrf; Nidrf;Muygap/

a'gocyfodrf; Nidrf;Muygap/

qif;&Jcyfodrf; Nidrf;Muygap/

ESvHk;pdwf0rf; at;csrf;Muygap/

(wHcg;acgufoHay:vmNyD; ]]ûrdU*smBuD; ... ûrdU*smBuD;... {nfhonfawGa&mufvmygw,f}} [laom tapmifh0efxrf;\ atmfajymoH ay:xGufvmap/)

(OD;apmae ]]vmNyD ... vmNyD ...}} [katmfajymvsufckwifay:rSqif;um ajc&if;bufem;&Sd rD;cvkwfudkzGifhvdkuf[efESifh ]]a*smuf}}ceJtoHay:vmNyD; ½kH;cef;xJrSrD;acsmif;vif;vmap/ OD;apmae vuf,mbufaxmifhodkYavQmufoGm;NyD; tcef;wHcg; zGifhay;[eûyap/)

( Zmwfpifvuf,mtwGif;bufrS ½kH;apmifhBuD;ESifhtwlaemftJrGefESifh trsdK;om;wpfOD; c&D;aqmiftdwfrsm;qGJvsufxGufvm&m? OD;apmaeonf tHhtm;oifhaeNyD;? twefMumrS ...)

OD;apmae/ (idkoHygBuD;jzifh) zdk;rl; ... orD; ...

aemftJrGef/ (idkoHygjzifh) tyg; ...

(om;tzESpfa,muf ajy;zufMuap/ cPMumrS OD;apmae?aemftJrGef\ ycHk;ESpfzufudk aocsmpGmukdifvIyfvsuf ...)

OD;apmae/ orD; ... orD;... aemftJrGef ... tyg; ...tdyfruf,rufaewmr[kwfygbl;aemf .../

aemftJrGef/ orD; wu,fjyefa&mufvmwmyg tyg;&,f...(wodrfhodrfh½dIufvsuf&Sdap/)


OD;apmae/ uJ .. uJ orD;av;wdkU xkdifMu .. xdkifMu..

(ukvm;xdkifrsm;odkU ñTefjyap/)

½kH;apmifhBuD;/ ûrdU*smBuD; uRefawmfbmvkyfay;&rvJcifAsm/

OD;apmae/ OD;a&Ta& ... 'g... uRefawmfhorD;yg ... olYudkcifAsm;wdkUtdrfav;rSm tdyfzdkUpDpOfay;aemf... / 'Du(rsufESmpdrf;trsdK;om;udkMunfhap/)

rsufESmpdrf;trsdK;om;/ uRefawmfhtwGufawmh udpör&Sdygbl;cifAsm;? 'D½kH;cef;xJrSmyJ jzpfovdktdyfvdkY&ygw,f/

½kH;apmifhBuD;/ olUtwGufawmh pm;yGJ 2 vHk;qufNyD; tdyfEdkifatmif aoaocsmcsm pDpOfvdkufyghr,f/

OD;apmae/ at; .. at; aumif;om;yJ/

(½kH;apmifhBuD;vuf0JbufodkY0ifoGm;ap/)

OD;apmae/ (aemftJrGefESifh rsufESmcsif;qdkif ukvm;xdkifwGif0ifxdkifNyD;) uJ.. ajymygOD; orD;&,f/ aMomf orD;wdkYxrif;pm;NyD;cJhNyDvm;/

aemftJrGe f/ jrif;rlûrdUuwpfqifh igef;ZGefudk ul;vmwmav../jrif;rlrSm pm;cJhNyD;ygNyD tyg;/ awmxJrSm 'ku©rsdK;pHkêuHcJhwmawGawmh eufjzefrSajymawmhr,f/ orD; twdkcsHK;NyD;ajym&&ifawmh orD;udk KNU ac:oGm;wm olwdkUawmxJuaq;½kHrSm 'Pf&m&wJhvlawGudkûypkzdkU ukozdkYyg/ orD;udka&mufa&mufcsif; ,Of,Ofav;ajymwJh pum;uawmh u&if

&ifcGifaEG; 217

trsdK;om;a&;? u&ifjynfe,f vGwfajrmufa&;twGufwdkufyGJ0ifaeMuwJh u&iftrsdK;om;awGudk ûypkukoay;zdkYrif;wdkYu&iftrsdK;orD; aq;ynm&SifawGrSm wm0ef&Sdw,fwJh/ wu,fawmh ½dkif;½dkif;pdkif;pdkif; qufqHcdkif;apcHcJh&w,ftyg;/ orD; xGufajy;zdkUenf;rsdK;pHk êud;pm;ygao;w,f/b,fvdkrSr&wJhtqHk; onf;cHNyD; tcsKdoyfaecJh&w,f/aemufawmh (vlpdrf;odkYñTefjyNyD;) a[m'D udkapmvlvluorD;udk apmifha&SmufulnDcJhygw,f/ olu AdkvftqifheJYaq;½kHrSm wm0efuswm/

OD;apmae/ aMomf .. apmvlvl[kwfvm;../ aus;Zl;wifw,fuGm/

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&ifcGifaEG; 233


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&ifcGifaEG; 237


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&ifcGifaEG; 239

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