IFAD’S EXPERIENCE WITH COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FUNDS
description
Transcript of IFAD’S EXPERIENCE WITH COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FUNDS
IFAD’S EXPERIENCE IFAD’S EXPERIENCE
WITH COMMUNITY WITH COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT FUNDSDEVELOPMENT FUNDS
1. Introduction
2. Key areas of concern
Community-level processes
Institutional linkages
Financing
3. Critical success factors
demand decision making/roles of CBOs inclusion/exclusion
local government higher-level planning
community contributions credit vs grants
A
B
C
IFAD’s experience with Community Development FundsIFAD’s experience with Community Development Funds
SourcesSources
Review on CDF (H.Perret, 2003)
Literature review
Dynamics of inclusion/exclusion
Decision-making processes at community level
CDD in WCA(R.Pantanall)
IMI-Study on Targeting & CDF
CDF & Credit(2002)
Document review of 10 projects
Interviews with UNOPS/LAC
IFAD’s experience with Community Development FundsIFAD’s experience with Community Development Funds
Scope
Community DrivenDevelopment
Community DevelopmentFunds
IFAD’s experience with Community Development FundsIFAD’s experience with Community Development Funds
DefinitionDefinition
“The term 'Community Development Funds (CDFs)' is used to refer to a
range of typically demand-driven
mechanisms (such as Social Funds,
Social Investment Funds, Local
Initiatives Funds) which normally
channel grant funds to communities or
groups for small projects they have
identified.”
IFAD’s experience with Community Development FundsIFAD’s experience with Community Development Funds
Key areas of concern – Community level processes
IFAD’s experience with Community Development FundsIFAD’s experience with Community Development Funds
Mobilisation/formulation of demand can be:
RushedUninformed (Government) short-circuited(NGO) influencedSupply-drivenOver-promotedAmbiguous (consultation vs empowerment)
A
Key areas of concern – Community level processes (cont.)
IFAD’s experience with Community Development FundsIFAD’s experience with Community Development Funds
Unrealistic assumptions on:
Community cohesivenessCBO inclusiveness
A
Inadequate attention to who decides, how and where
Disproportionate benefits to better-off (men) due to:
Prevailing power and gender relationsLack of capacity and informationUnaffordable contributionsType of micro-projects
Key areas of concern – Institutional linkages IFAD’s experience with Community Development FundsIFAD’s experience with Community Development Funds
Limited information on:CDF impact on institutional change Presumed demonstration effect
Political and/or institutional environment sometimes unsupportive
Tendency to by-pass government
Potential interference with area planning
Conflict public vs private goods and unclear division of responsibilities between public and private sectors
Institutional location of Fund and sustainability unclear
B
Key areas of concern – Financing modalities
IFAD’s experience with Community Development FundsIFAD’s experience with Community Development Funds
C
1. Beneficiary contributions (cash, labor, local material)
Upfront contributions considered as proof of commitmentActual contributions less than expected Contributions often unaffordable/unavailableNo time (for labour & participation)Affected by community size
Should communities re-distribute?Should communities re-distribute?
Key areas of concern – Financing modalities (cont.)
IFAD’s experience with Community Development FundsIFAD’s experience with Community Development Funds
C
2. Credit vs grants
Undermining ‘credit culture’ Artificial groups forming to access CDF fundingSubsidies are groups-based, benefits are often individualProductive vs non-productive collective investments
Can production grants be used to “kick start” development?Can production grants be used to “kick start” development?
CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS - Community level processes
IFAD’s experience with Community Development FundsIFAD’s experience with Community Development Funds
A
Clear empowerment goal
Strong poverty, gender and institutional analysis(before and during implementation)
CBO representativity and democratic decision-making, analysed, supported and monitored
Major up-front investment in information and capacity-building (individuals, organisations, field staff and institutions)
…combined with mobilising entry-point activities
IFAD’s experience with Community Development FundsIFAD’s experience with Community Development Funds
BCRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS - Institutional linkages
Careful institutional analysis and monitoring
Clarify public/private roles
Develop partnership with local government
Clear CDF institutional location and arrangements
Attention to promotion of CBO clusters & associations
CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS - Financing modalities
IFAD’s experience with Community Development FundsIFAD’s experience with Community Development Funds
C
Contributions:Contributions:
Flexible
Verified through consultation
Deferred, if needed
Sensitive to social/gender differences
Credit:Credit:
Separate windows
Clarify concept of “group initiative”
Set clear eligibility criteria for “production grants”
IFAD’s experience with Community Development FundsIFAD’s experience with Community Development Funds
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