• “If Men were angels, no government would be necessary”

Agree Disagree

• Civics – the study of the rights, responsibilities and duties of citizens.

• Government – an institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies. Ruling authority of a community that makes and enforces rules

• Does all of these and more. • If it didn’t exist, we would have to invent it.

Citizen

• Today most people are citizens of the country where they live

• Citizens have rights and responsibilities. • Citizen - a member of a community with

certain rights and responsibilities• What responsibilities do you think citizens

should have?

Government

• Government is the ruing authority for a community

• It has the power to make and enforce laws for its members.

• Citizens agree to accept the government authority and follow its rules.

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CitizenshipCitizenship

U.S. Citizenship

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Aliens (Immigrants) in the U.S.

•All of today’s more than 310 million Americans are descended from immigrants.

•On the back of every American coin, you’ll find the Latin words:• E pluribus unum: “Out of many, one.”

"Oh God, I was sick. Everybody was sick. I don't even want to remember anything about that old boat. One night I prayed to God that it would go down because the waves were washing over it. I was that sick, I didn't care if it went down or not. And everybody else was the same way."-Bertha Devlin, an Irish immigrant in 1923

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Citizenship

-What is a citizen?

The 14th Amendment defines a citizen as anyone born or naturalized in the U.S.

-two ways to become a citizen

-born a citizen

-through naturalization

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Citizen By Birth

-Citizenship by Birth

You are automatically a citizen if are:

-born anywhere in any part of the United States

including the District of Columbia, American territory or U.S. military base overseas

-If your parents are citizens no matter where you were born

-It’s possible to be a dual citizen at birth

if you are born in another country but one or both parents are U.S. citizens

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Naturalization

-naturalization

-5 requirements

-file an intent form

with the Immigration and Naturalization Services

-live in U.S. for 5 years

(or 3 years for aliens married to US citizens)

-be 18 years old

-take naturalization test

-take citizenship oath

Department of Homeland Security

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Legal Aliens

-Legal alien

Non-citizens who are here legally

(An immigrant is a person who moves permanently to a new country

- Legal aliens must have written permission to be in the U.S.

- Must carry Visa / Green Card with them at all times

- They can’t vote, hold public office or work in gov’t jobs

-They have same legal rights as citizens

MOST HOLD JOBS & PAY TAXES

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-

Illegal Aliens

-Illegal Aliens

U.S. limits the the number of immigrants who can enter the country

-can not do anything legally in the U.S.

vote, hold office, work

- There are laws that forbid hiring illegal aliens

- Illegal Aliens can be deported (sent back to home country) if found

- Why would someone come here if they would be an illegal alien???

usually to find a better life and escape poor living conditions in native country

• We get our concepts of government from Ancient Roman times.– Democracy– Republic

How Rules/Government evolved

• The Force Theory

• Evolution Theory

• Divine Right Theory

• Social Contract Theory

The Force Theory

Rule was born by force

Primal man decided to force his will and rule on others

Evolutionary Theory

• The Rule gradually developed from primal families

Divine Right Theory

• The belief that the rule of king was God-Given and naturally perpetuated by the nobility

Social Contract Theory

• Agreement among individuals to unite and form a society in which members are governed by a set of rules.

Theories• Thomas Hobbes• Said people are violent

and disorderly and selfish• The government

maintains order without every man for himself

• People give up their rights in order to be safe.They have no right to rebel.

• The need a social contract- government where people act on their own self interest to keep them in control

• John Locke• Said people are moral and

reasonable• Government protects our

natural rights of life, liberty, and property

• People have natural rights and may overthrow the government that does not protect their rights.

• Government with consent of the people is the foundation of democracy.

Locke and Hobbes

Purpose of Government

• Keep order– Set up armed forces to defend citizens and their

land from enemies

• Make laws to help prevent conflicts among people and to settle conflicts that do arise.

• In other words – the purpose of government is to – Bring order to chaos

– Lead people

– Protect rights

– Interpret laws

– Keep people safe

– Guide the community

– Give to the needy

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The Common Good

• The ultimate role of the government is to do the greatest good to the greatest number of people without harming others

• A successful government need people to participate.

Again: What are the functions of governments?

• Keep order – laws, courts

• Provide security – police, military

• Provide services – libraries, schools, etc.

• Guide the community – manage economy, foreign relations, etc.

Government provides services that would not be available

Without corporation and coordination

Provide Public Service

• Provide essential services to enhance community life.

• Promote the General Welfare

– Sewer system – couldn’t do that on your on

– Highways– Firefighters– Food inspectors

Provide for National Security

• Protect the people against attacks by other states and threats of terrorism

• Nation Security is important– Army, Navy– Makes economic decisions– Passes laws to help shape

economy– Economic stimulus– Bank and currency– Make payments to help

farmers

Things We Must DoThings We Must Do

Duties as CitizensDuties as Citizens

Obey the Laws

All people must obey laws Most important duty If we do not obey the law, the gov’t

cannot maintain order or protect our health, safety & property

Pay Your Taxes

Property and income taxes

are examples Taxes are the government’s

revenue to provide services to citizens

Without taxes, the gov’t could not pay its employees, maintain armed forces to defend the nation, and help those in need

Defend the NationDefend the Nation

All men 18-25 years of age must register for the selective service

We haven’t had a draft since the Vietnam War b/c we have enough volunteers to serve in our military

Serve in CourtServe in Court

As a witness if subpoenaed As a juror if called

Go to SchoolGo to School

Until 17 years of age Benefits both you and the gov’t b/c

you need knowledge and skills to make wise decisions and our democratic system of gov’t needs informed citizens to operate well

ResponsibilitiesResponsibilities

Things we should do

Be InformedBe Informed

Use the Internet, television, magazines, newspapers, radio

Allows citizens to make better decisions when participating in the political process

Allows you to know your rights

Vote in ElectionsVote in Elections

Allows you to have a voice in

government The most important

responsibility Ensures that leadership is

changed in a peaceful manner

U.S. has low voter turn out due to voter apathy The attitude of not caring

Participate

Volunteer in your community

Join a political party

Call, write or email your legislator

Join a group working for a particular cause

Respect for PropertyRespect for Property

For public property as well as the property of others

There are laws against littering, vandalism, graffiti

Respect for Others

Respect for Others

Tolerate others’ differences Even if you disagree w/ a

person’s lifestyle, religious beliefs, etc.

To be a good citizen, you must treat all people with respect and politeness

Respect others’ rights

Contribute to the Common

Good

Contribute to the Common

Good

Responsible citizens are willing to contribute time, money, effort, and money to help other people and to improve the community

Donate to charities Volunteer

Levels

• National– Highest level in the US – Centered at the capital in DC– Makes laws for entire country

Levels

• State– Make laws for people of their state

• Local– Include counties, cities, towns – make laws for

people in their city, county, town

• County• City

Constitution

• US wrote the Constitution – a plan that provides rules for government

Purpose of Constitution

• Set out ideals that the people bound by the Constitution believe and share.

• Establish the basic structure of government and defines government powers and duties

• Provides Supreme Law for country.• Provides rules that shape actions of

government and politics

Constitutions

• May be written or unwritten

• ALL HAVE A PLAN FOR ORGANIZATION

Preamble

• Introduction to the Constitution

• Sets forth goals and purpose

The Preamble

Constitution

• Has a main body that sets forth the relationship between Nation and State governments

• Has articles and sections• Supreme Law – highest law• Constitutional Law – interpretation and

application of constitution

Forms of Government• Monarchy

– Absolute– Constitutional

• Fascism/Dictator• Democracy• Theocracy• Communism• Socialism• Anarchy

• Monarchy– In a Monarchy, kings, queens and emperors

have supreme powers of government.– Inherited positions– Absolute Monarchs have complete control and

inherited power.– Constitutional Monarchy is where rulers share

governmental powers with elected officials.

Absolute Monarch and Constitutional Monarch

Description

• Any system of government in which the power and authority to rule are in the hands of a single individual this type of government.

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Absolute Monarchy and Constitutional Monarchy

Description• Absolute Monarchy - Monarch (king or

queen, emperor, czar)• Constitutional Monarchy - Monarch has no

real power, is just a figure head

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Absolute Monarch and Constitutional Monarchy Law and Order

• Absolute Monarch - Ruler makes all laws• Constitutional Monarch - Elected

Parliament makes laws– Constitution– Has Prime Minister, Premier or Chancellor

who leads government

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Absolute Monarch and Constitutional Monarch Liberty and Personal Freedom

• Absolute Monarchy - Citizens receive as much freedom as monarch chooses to give

• Constitutional Monarchy - Great value placed on equality, opportunities and personal freedoms– Hard work = reward/success

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Absolute Monarchy and Constitutional Monarchy Pros and Cons

• Absolute Monarchy– Pros : Provides stability– Pros : No elections– Pros : Fast and Final decisions– Cons: Citizens can’t complain

• Constitutional Monarchy– Pros : Personal freedom, liberty and opportunity– Cons: Economic inequality– Slow to get things started 7

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Examples of Constitutional Monarchy

• England

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Fascism/DictatorshipDescription

• Dictatorship– The ideas of a single leader are glorified– Government seeks to control all aspects of life

• Hitler• Mussolini• Stalin

• No other political party allowed• All power to one man who is usually a

military leader

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Fascism/DictatorshipLaw and Order

• Party fills all government positions• Enforces one set of laws for loyal followers

and other set for everyone else

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Fascism/DictatorshipLiberty and Personal Freedom

• Personal freedom SERIOUSLY limited• Controls press, schools and police• Forbids strikes• Decides workers salaries

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Fascism/DictatorshipPros and Cons

• Pros : Extremely strong national pride and unity

• Cons: Loss of personal freedoms and opportunities

• No opposing views tolerated• All activities controlled by government

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Fascism/DictatorshipCountries

• North Korea• Former Iraq

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Hitler

Mussolini

Stalin

Absolute Monarch – Philip II

Absolute Monarch Louis XVI

Absolute monarch – Catherine the Great

Democracy

• A democracy is any system of government in which rule is by the people.

• The key idea of democracy is that the people hold sovereign power.– “Government of the people, by the people, for

the people”

Democracy

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DemocracyDescription

• Representative democracy in which the people’s elected representatives, not the people themselves, vote on legislation

• Power rest with the people• Free elections

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Democracy

• Representative Democracy has the people elect representatives and gives them the responsibility and power to make laws and conduct government.

Democracy

• Direct democracy– People govern themselves by voting on issues

individually as citizens. – It can only exist in very small societies where

citizens can actually meet regularly to discuss and decide key issues and problems

Direct Democracy

Characteristics of Democracy

• Individual Liberty• Majority Rule with Minority Rights• Free Election• Competing Political Parties

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DemocracyLaw and Order

• Representatives have power only as long as elected by citizens

• Laws made by legislature elected by otesrs• Citizens pay taxes and government decides

how to spend tax money• Government provides security education,

police, judges with tax money

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DemocracyLiberty and Personal Freedoms

• Great value placed on equality, opportunities and personal freedoms

• Hard work = reward/success• Think of core Democratic values• All citizens live by same laws and can vote

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DemocracyPros and Cons

• Pros : Provides most personal freedom, liberty, and opportunities

• Cons: Economic inequality competition• Slow to get things done

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Theocracy RepublicDescription

• Literally means “rule of God” in Greek• Supreme Being is seen as true ruler• Religious leaders interpret Supreme

Being’s laws• Typical of early civilizations

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TheocracyLaw and Order

• Laws based on religious ideals/laws• Government leaders are members of the

clergy• Religious law dominant over civil law and

influences every aspects

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TheocracyLiberty and Personal Freedom

• Freedoms are restricted by the interpretation of religious text

• limited personal freedoms• Citizens must follow state religions • Usually very very very limited personl

freedoms for females

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TheocracyPro’s and Con’s

• Pros : Very clear how you should live life • Everyone believes the same religious-

cultural religious culture• Cons: Severely limited personal freedoms -

especially for women

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TheocracyExamples

• Iran• Saudi Arabia• Vatican City

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CommunismDescription

• 1 political party • Results mainly from revolution• All means of production are owned and

controlled by all citizens = one party

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CommunismLaw and Order

• Laws made by party appointed legislature• Party picks and pays judges• Government provides all housing and

education and so on

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CommunismLiberty and Personal Freedoms

• Party members get favoritism• No opposition allowed• Citizens expected to give all talent, time,

and money to government• Most of personal life under control of party

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CommunistPro’s and Con’s

• Pro’s : Redistribution of wealth– Rich not wealty anymore unless they are

importnat Party members

• Con’s: Hard work = no real reward/success

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CommunistExamples

• China• Vietnam• Cuba

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Anarchy

• Description: No on in particular has power• Law and Order: Everyone for himself• Liberty and Personal Freedoms: Anything

you can get away with• Pros: unlimited freedoms• Cons: Chaos• Examples:

– Darfur and Sudan– Dem Repub of Congo

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Define:

• Republic– Democracy with a representative in which no leaders

inherit office

• Democracy– Based on majority rule

• Direct – citizens meet and debate government and vote

• Representative – citizens choose a small group to represent them

– Make laws and govern on their behalf

• Monarchy– Absolute – Monarch with total power– Limited or constitutional – Power of hereditary

ruler is limited by counties and constitutional law.

• Socialist– Government controls means of production and

provides social services

• Dictatorship– Leaders exercise complete control but usually take

force by power

• Totalitarian– Government controls all aspects of life

• Oligarchy – Power reset in small segments of society (powerful, wealthy, …_

• Theocracy– Government where religion and faith play a dominant

role

List of countries with Federal Governments (24)

Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Brazil Canada Comoros Ethiopia Germany India Malaysia

Mexico Micronesia Nigeria Pakistan Russia St. Kitts and Nevis South Africa Spain Switzerland United Arab Emirates United States of America Venezuela

Countries in Transition to FederalismIraq Sudan

Countries Considering a Federal SystemSri Lanka

List of Unitary States

Afghanistan Albania Abkhazia Algeria Angola Armenia Azerbaijan Bangladesh Belarus Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Botswana Brunei

Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile People's Republic of China Colombia Congo (Brazzaville) Congo (Kinshasa)

Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea

List of Unitary States

Eritrea EstoniaFiji Finland France Gabon The Gambia Georgia Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana

Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland Indonesia Iran Ireland Israel Italy JamaicaJapan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati

Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Madagascar Malawi Maldives

List of Unitary States

Mali Malta Marshall IslandsMauritania Mauritius Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Netherlands

New Zealand Nicaragua Niger North Korea Norway Oman Palau Panama Papua New Guinea ParaguayPeru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar

Romania Rwanda Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino São Tomé and Príncipe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia

List of Unitary States

Slovenia Solomon IslandsSouth AfricaSouth Korea Spain Sri Lanka Suriname Swaziland Sweden Syria Republic of China (Taiwan) Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Togo

Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda UkraineUnited KingdomUruguayUzbekistan Vanuatu Vatican City Vietnam Yemen

Zambia Zimbabwe

civ·ics  the study or science of the privileges and obligations of citizens.