iem n, wdhq keK jvjk Tiqj fok f.dúlu rlsuq uõìu yd iuj...
Transcript of iem n, wdhq keK jvjk Tiqj fok f.dúlu rlsuq uõìu yd iuj...
iem n, wdhq keK jvjk Tiqj fok
f.dúlu rlsuq uõìu yd iuj f.k
48 ldKavh - 03 l,dmh ^2017 iema;eïn¾&
lDIsl¾u wud;HdxYfhalDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=fõ m%ldYkhls
f.dúlï iÕrdfõ ;srh msgqmi
fufyhùu yd iïnkaëlrKh
fÊ' fla' ta' fyÜáwdrÉÑ
m%Odk ixialdrl
fÊ' wd¾' î' fyar;a
ixialdrl uvq,a,
ñ,skao iurfldaka
tia' tï' iS' tka' iurfldaka
tka' ví' ã' ta' ã' lkakka.r
mß.Kl msgq ieliSu yd ks¾udKh
wis; niakdhl
;s,sKs uOqIsld
ksIamdok l<ukdlre
Wmd,s rEmiair
uqøKh
lDIsl¾u m%ldYk tallh" .kafkdarej
m%Odk ixialdrlf.ka' ' '
wfma rfÜ lDIsl¾udka;fha wkd.;h
/|S we;af;a rgg .e,fmk lDIs ;dCIKhka
ksrka;rfhka ìysùu u;hs' Y%S ,xldj lDIsld¾ñl
rgla jqjo rfÜ wd¾Ólhg lDIsl¾udka;fhka
isÿjk odhl;ajh jißka jir wvq fjñka
mj;S' tu ;;a;ajh fjkia lr,Sug lDIsl¾u
fomd¾;fïka;=j úYd, fufyjrl fhoS isà'
tys m%uqL;u lghq;a;la jk rgg Tìk lDIs
;dCIKhka yd fnda. m%fNaohka fidhd.ekSu
ms<sn| m¾fhaIKhka i|yd jeä wjOdkhla fhduq
lr we;' fuu lghq;a; i|yd rch jd¾Islj
úYd, uqo,a m%udKhla fjka lrkq ,nhs' bka
ìysjk ;dCIKhl jákdlu uqo,ska ;lafiare l<
fkdyel' wfma lDIs úoHd{hska jir .Kkdjla
mqrdjg isÿlrk ,o m¾fhaIK j, id¾:l;ajh
rgg lshdmdkakg fõosldjla ks¾udKh jkafka
lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=fõ jd¾Isl iïfï,kfha
oSh' 19 jeks j;djg;a mj;ajkq ,nk fujr
iïfï,kfhaoS m¾fhaIK m;%sld /ila t<s
oelaùug kshñ;h' bka foda;la fujr f.dúlï
iÕrdfjka mdGl Tn fj; fufia f.k tkq
,nhs'
hdka;%sl me< isgqùu ù m%fNao" mr;r
iy ;jdka me< kv;a;=j wiajekak
i|yd n,mdk wdldrh 01
f.dúhdf.a ys;ñ;=rd /l.ksuq 04
msmqKq uf,a rej 11
;lald,s j.dfõ hqI Wrd fndk lDóka
md,kh i|yd iydhl fnda. j, n,mEu 12
wkqrdOmqr osia;%slalfha f,dl= Ækq j.dlrk
fCIa;% j, mj;sk mdxY= fmdaIl ;;a;ajh 15
ldnksl fmdfydr Ndú;h u.ska msms[a[d
j, m%;sTlaisldrl l%shdldß;ajh" .=Kd;auh
yd l,a;nd.ekSfï yelshdj by< kexùu 18
wdydr i|yd ñßosh u;aiH j.dj 22
LD 253 25
uyje,s tÉ l,dmfha ù w;sf¾l wdydr fnda.
j.d moaO;shl jdß c,fhys .=Kd;aufhys
ld,dkqrEmS yd ia:dkSh úp,H;dj 28
t<j¿ fnda. j.dj i|yd khsg%cka imhk
ffcj fmdfydrla f,i nelaàßhdkq
wduql+,khla 32
;=,ais j.d lruq 36
ridhksl yd ldnksl fmdfydr os.=ld,Skj
Ndú;d lsÍu ù j.dfõ wiajekak yd mfiys
ire nj flfrys lrkq ,nk n,mEu 40
ldnksl jiqka fhoSfuka f,dl= Ækq wiajkq
jeä l< yelso@ 43
w¾;dm,a j.dfõ ksIamdok úhou wvq lruq 47
wfma iy,a j, ner f,day wvx.= o@ 50
Microgreens 56
48 ldKavh - 03 l,dmh 1
lïlre Y%uh ysÕ ùug
ms<shula f,ig;a" ksis l,g
fNda.h ixia:dmkh lsÍug;a"
j,a kdYl Ndú;h wju
lsÍu i|yd;a ù j.dj i|yd
hdka;%sl me< isgqùu y÷kajd
oS we;' taldldÍ mr;rhla
yd me< >k;ajhla mj;ajd
.; yels ùu;a ;reK m%cdj
ù j.dj i|yd wdl¾IKh
lr .ekSug;a hdka;%sl me<
isgqùu Wmldrs fõ' oekg
hdh 2 jevigyk hgf;a
me< isgqjk hka;%h y÷kajd
§ we;s kuq;a thg WÑ;
YIH úoHd;aul ks¾foaYhka
ksis whqßka y÷kajd fkd§u
fya;=fjka j,a me< md,kh
wmyiq ùu" wiajkq wvq ùu
jeks úúO .eg¿ mek ke.S
we;' fï ksid hdka;%sl me<
isgqùu ;ju;a f.dú uy;=ka
w;r m%p,s; ù fkdue;s w;r
Tjqka thska wE;a jk njla o
fmfkkakg ;sfí' fï fya;=
ie,ls,a,g .ksñka hka;%h
Ndú;fhka me< isgqùfï§
by< wiajekakla ,nd
.ekSu i|yd iqÿiq ù m%fNao
y÷kd .ekSug;a" ;jdka
me< isgqùug iqÿiq jhi
y÷kd .ekSug;a" isgqùfï§
me< w;r mr;rh" tla
ia:dkhl isgqúh hq;= me<
ixLHdj iy isgqúh hq;= .eUqr
yÿkd .ekSug;a n;,f.dv
ù m¾fhaaIK yd ixj¾Ok
wdh;kh uÕska m¾fhaaIK
isÿ lrk ,§'
hdka;%sl me< isgqùu yd
w;ska me< isgqùu
w;ska me< isgqùu
iuÕ iei£fïos hdka;%sl me<
isgqùfï§ udi 4 - 4½ yd
udi 3 - 3½ ish¿u ù m%fNao
j, u,a msmSug yd lr,a
meiSug .;jk ld,h Èk
3 - 5 lska muK jeäfõ'
kuq;a tall íï m%udKhl
yg.kakd m÷re yd lr,a
ixLHdj jeä w;r" iuia:
wiajekak o 5] - 17] lska muK
2017 ASDAm¾fhaIK m;%sld
weiqßKs
à' fla' b,x.fldaka" fca' tï' tka' mS' fidaur;ak" wd¾' tia' fla' lS¾;sfiak
tï' ã' wfíiqkaor" iS' tÉ' mshisß" ù m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok wdh;kh" n;f,af.dv
ù' l=ud¾" wka;¾ cd;sl iy,a m¾fhaIK wdh;kh" ms,smSkh
f.dúlï iÕrdj2
jeä úh' ;jo hdka;%sl me<
isgqùfï§ yd w;ska me<
isgqùfïoS udi 4 - 4½ ù m%fNao"
udi 3 - 3½ ù m%fNao j,g jvd
ms<sfj,ska 13] yd 28] jeä
wiajekakla ,nd fok ,os'
ta ta jhia ldKav hdka;%sl
me< isgqùfï§ yd w;ska me<
isgqùfïos jd¾;d l<
wiajekak j.=j 1 ys oelafõ'
j.=j 1 - hdka;%sl me< isgqùfï§ yd w;ska
me< isgqùfï§ úúO jhia ldKav jd¾;d
l< wiajekak ^fylaghdrhg fuá%lafgdka&
jhia
ldKavh
me<
isgqùfï
l%uh
2016
h,
2016$17
uy
udi 4 -
4½hka;%fhka 6'5 4'9
w;ska 6'4 4'5
udi 3 -
3½hka;%fhka 5'5 4'6
w;ska 4'8 3'8
hdka;%sl me< isgqùu
i|yd iqÿiq ù m%fNao
udi 4 - 4½ ù
m%fNao w;=ßka Bg 403 lkak
foflys§u by< wiajekak-
la ,nd ÿka w;r Bg 379-2"
Bg 406" Bg 450 yd Bg
454 we;=¿ w;ayod n,k
,o ish¿u m%fNao uÕskao
id¾:l wiajekakla ,nd
.; yels úh ^j.=j 2&' udi
3 - 3½ ù m%fNao ie,lSfï§
Bg 357 lkak foflys§u
fylaghdrhg fuá%lafgdka
5'5 g jvd jeä wiajkq ,nd
ÿka kuq;a oekg ,xldfõ
jeämqru j.d lrk m%fNaoh
jk Bg 352 ka jd¾;d
jQfha wvq wiajekakls ^j.=j
3&' ;jo Bg 366" Bw 367
yd At 362 hk m%fNao me<
isgqjk hka;%h i|yd iqÿiq
nj m¾fhaaIK m%ÓM, j,ska
ikd: úh'
j.=j 2 - udi 4 - 4½ jhia ldKavfha ù
m%fNao jd¾;d l< wiajekak
^fylaghdrhg fuá%la fgdka&
m%fNaoh 2016 h, 2016$17 uy
Bg 379-2 7'2 4'9
Bg 403 7'0 5'3
Bg 406 7'0 4'7
Bg 450 6'0 4'8
Bg 454 5'1 5'0
j.=j 3' udi 3-3 1$2 jhia ldKavfha ù
m%fNao jd¾;d l< wiajekak
^fylaghdrhg fuá%la fgdka&
m%fNaoh 2016 h, 2016$17 uy
Bg 366 5'8 4'8
Bg 357 5'7 5'6
Bg 367 5'6 4'4
Bg 300 5'5 3'8
Bg 362 5'1 5'3
Bg 352 5'0 4'0
48 ldKavh - 03 l,dmh 3
hdka;%sl me< isgqùu i|yd
iqÿiq mr;r" me< ixLHdj"
.eUqr iy me< isgqúh hq;=
jhi
udi 4 - 4½ ù m%fNao
^Bg 403& i|yd me< w;r
mr;rh fikaáóg¾ 14" 16 yd
21 f,io" udi 3½ ù m%fNao
^Bg 357& i|yd me< w;r
mr;rh fikaáóg¾ 12" 14
yd 18 f,io" isgqjk ,o me<
ixLHdj 4" 6 yd 8 f,io fjkia
lrñka isÿ l< m¾fhaIKfha§
me< w;r jeä mr;rhla yd
isgqùu ioyd wvq me< ixLHdjla
fhdod .ekSu wiajekakg n,mEula
isÿ fkdlrk nj fmkS .sfhah'
tu ksid udi 4 - 4½ ù m%fNao
i|yd fikaáóg¾ 30 x 18 o" udi
3½ ù m%fNao i|yd fikaáóg¾
30 x 18 f,io me< 4 ne.ska
isgqùfuka me< isgqùu i|yd wjYH
jk ì;a;r ù m%udKh wvq lr .;
yel' tfy;a m÷re oeóu wvq udi
3 - 3½ ù m%fNao i|yd wvq mr;rhla
fhdod .ekSu iqÿiqh'
me< isgqùfï .eUqr
fikaáóg¾ 1'5 isg 3'7 olajd
mrdihl fjkia lrñka iy
me< isgqjk jhi Èk 9" 12 yd
15 f,i fjkia lrñka isÿ lrk
,o m¾fhaIKfhka fmkS .sfha
fhdod .kakd ,o .eTqr fyda me<
j, jhi wkqj wiajkq fjkia
fkdjk njhs' hdka;%sl me<
isgqùfïoS isgqjd osk 1 - 2 l§
jqjo lafIa;%hg j;=r ne£u
l< yels kuq;a osk 9 la jhi
me< jeä .eUqrlska isgjQ úg
iuyr me< l=Kq ùug md;%
jQ ksid j;=r ne£u m%udo
l< hq;= úh' ;jo me<" osk
15 la muK ;jdfka ;enQ
úg wêl f,i uq,a j¾Okh
ùfuka hka;%hg oeóug
;jdk lmd fjka lsÍug
wmyiq ùu jeks .eg¿ we;s
jk nj ksÍlaIKh lrk
,oS' tu ksid osk 12 la muK
jhi me< uOHu .eUqrlska
isgqùu jvd;a iqÿiq nj
fmkS hk ,§' tfy;a
foaY.=Ksl l,dmh"
mfia iajNdjh yd
m%fNaofha Wi wkqj me<
isgqùfï .eUqr yd jhi
wjYH mßos fuu mrdih ;=<
fjkia lr .ekSfï yelshdj
we;'
fuu m¾fhaaIK
i|yd cd;sl wdydr ksIamdok
jevigyk ^2016 - 2018& iy
ms,smSkfha wka;¾cd;sl iy,a
m¾fhaIKdh;kh uÕska
l%shd;aul lrk CORIGAP
jHdmD;sfha uQ,Huh
odhl;ajh ,nd fok ,oS'
f.dúlï iÕrdj4
lDIsld¾ñl lghq;=
i|yd b;du;au m%fhdackj;a
ñ;=rl= jk g%elagrh ksis
f,i kv;a;= lsÍu uÕska
tu g%elagrfha mj;akd
wdhqI m%udKh jeä lr .;
yel' fj<|fmdf<a tla tla
udos,sfha g%elag¾ we;s w;r" ta
i|yd úúO fjkialï j,ska
hq;a kv;a;= l%shdldrlïo
we;' kuq;a fmdÿfõ iEu
g%elagrhla i|ydu wjYH
kv;a;= l%shdj,shla we;s
neúka" th Tnf.a ñ;=rdf.a
wdhqI jeä lr .ekSug
bjy,a úh yel'
1' g%elagrh iuÕ ,nd oS we;s
w;a fmd; (owner's manual)
fyd|ska lshjd wjfndaO lr
.kak' Tng w;afmd;la
fkdue;s kï th ,nd
.ekSug lghq;= lrkak'
tys" hka;%fha kv;a;=j
ms<sn| uQ,sl Wmfoia ;sfí'
g%elagrh iuÕ ,nd fok w;a
fmdf;ys (owner's manual)
my; i|yka lreKq wvx.=
úh yel'
48 ldKavh - 03 l,dmh 5
kv;a;= l%ufõoh
fuuÕska ks;r l<
hq;= kv;a;= ms<sn|
wjfndaOhla ,nd .; yel'
tkï tkacska f;,a udre
lsÍu" .sh¾ fmÜá" ä*rkai,a"
yhsfv%d,sla f;,a udre lsÍu"
peish f;,a$ .%Sia fhoSu"
fmrk$ *s,ag¾ udre lsÍu
wdosh'
msßú;rhka
fuuÕska Tng
.sh¾ fmÜá$ ä*rkai,a"
yhsfv%d,sla moaO;s" fí%la
moaO;s iy f¾äfhag¾ i|yd
fhosh hq;= ødjK j¾.
^f;,a" coolant wdÈh& yd tu
moaO;s j, Odß;djka ms<sn|
j.=jla ;sfí' óg wu;rj
gh¾ i|yd wjYH jdhq
mSvkh (Air Pressure) weK
;o l< hq;= m%udKh (Bolt
torques) iy kv;a;= i|yd
wjYH wfkl=;a úia;r ,nd
.; yel'
- .%Sia fhosh hq;= ia:dk ̂ .%Sia
ksm,a& f;,a uÜgu uksk
WmlrK (Dip stickle)
iy jdhq iy bkaOk
*s,ag¾ msßisÿ lsÍfï
Wmfoia'
- g%elagrfha l%shdoduhka
i|yd wjYH uQ,sl Wm-
foia'
wjYH wdhqO
fjk;a jdyk j,g
jvd m%udKfhka úYd, w`vq
wdhqO iy w¿;ajeähd lsÍfï
WmlrK g%elag¾ kv;a;=
lsÍu i|yd iQodkïj ;nd
.kak'
g%elagrfha wdrlaIdj
fndfyda l=vd
m%udKfha g%elag¾ j, ßhÿre
wdikh wdjrKh ùug
jy,la fkdue;s ksid wdik
iy tkacsu iys; fldgi
wdrlaId jk f,i .rdchl
.d,a lsÍu uÕska g%elagrfha
wdrlaIdj fukau os.= ld,Sk
meje;aug n,mdhs' tfia
.rdchla jeks wdjrKhla
fkdue;s kï ÿï ngh" wdik
yd tkacsu iys; fldgi
wdjrKh lr .ekSu iqÿiqh'
f;,a yd wfkl=;a øjH
mÍlaIdj
wfkl=;a jdyk
fuka Odjkh jk lsf,daóg¾
.Kk fyda ie;mqï .Kk
g%elag¾ j, fkdn,k w;r
jev meh tall uÕska tys
Odjkh$ l%shdldÍ;ajh
ukskq ,nhs' ta wkqj fuys
w;afmd; (owner's manual)
wkqj tkðka f;,a" .sh¾
fmÜá f;,a" f¾äfhag¾
ødjKh (Coolent) yhsfv%dA,sla
moaO;s f;,a wdÈh udre l<
hq;= wjia:d .ek wjfndaOhla
,nd .; hq;=h' tfia
fkdue;sj Bg jvd jeä
ld,hla hka;%h l%shdlsÍu
f.dúlï iÕrdj6
fjkia úh yelsh&
fn,aÜ iy yhsfv%d,sla
k, moaO;sh
Tnf.a g%elagrhg
yhsfv%d,sla moaO;shla
we;akï ta i|yd wêmSvk
k, ;sfí' tu k, moaO;s
j, f;,a ldkaÿ ùu fyda
fn,aÜ j, m¨ÿ ùï olakg
;sfí kï jydu tu fldgia
w¿;ajeähd lr.ekSu iqÿiqh'
tuÕska yhsfv%d,sla fmdïm
iy wfkl=;a WmlrK"
wdrlaId ùu yd by<
ld¾hlaIu;djhla ,nd
.ekSug yelsfõ'
;sßx. moaO;sh
fndfyda g%elag¾ j,
hdka;%sl ;sßx. (Mechanical
Brakes) we;s w;r msgqmi
welai,hg iïnkaOj fjka
fjkaj ,Sjr moaO;s uÕska
l%shd;aul fõ' ;sßx. ,Sjr
moaO;sh mÍlaId lsÍu yd ta
i|yd wjYH ;eka j,g f;,a
oud kv;a;= lsÍu yd ;sßx.
kshudldrj iSre udre lr
mj;ajdf.k hdu jeo.;ah'
udml (Meters)
g%elagrfha WmlrK
mqjrefõ (Meter Board) we;s
ish¿u udml (Meters) .ek
wjOdkfhka isàu jeo.;ah'
úfYaIfhka WIaK;aj udmlh
(Temperature Meter)
f;,a mSvk udmlh (Oil
uÕska fuu hka;% j, we;s
jákd hdka;%sl fldgia
blaukska laIh ù hd yel'
tajd kej; w¿;ajeähd lsÍu
i|yd o úYd, uqo,la jeh
ùugo mq¿jk' tksid tosfkod
Odjkh$ Ndú;d lsÍug fmr
by; lS Wmdx. j, f;,a
uÜgï" f;,a ldkaÿùï yd
negß wdfrdamKh wdosh o
mÍlaId lr ne,Su uÕska tu
fldgia j, meje;au jeä lr
.; yel'
gh¾ j, jdhq mSvkh
g%elagrfha bosß iy
miqmi gh¾ j, mSvkh
kshñ; m%udK j,ska ;sfí
oehs mÍlaIdldÍ úh hq;=h'
frdao y;f¾ gh¾ j, jdhq
mSvkh wvq ùu ks;ru
meyeos,sj fkdfmfka' bosß
mi ghr j, mSvkh
32PSL iy miqmi ghr j,
mSvkh 12 - 20 PSL mSvkh
;nd .ekSu iqÿiqh' ^uu ghr
mSvk tla tla g%elagr j, nr
yd gh¾ j, m%udKh wkqj
48 ldKavh - 03 l,dmh 7
Pressure Meter) geflda ógrh
(Tacho Meter) iy weïmsh¾
ógrh iy wfkl=;a ish¿u
udml (Indicators) ms<sn|
ie,ls,su;a ùu jeo.;ah'
fuu udml (Meters) j,
fodaIhla we;s nj yefÕa
kï úoq,s ld¾ñl Ys,amsfhl=
uÕska w¿;ajeähd lr .ekSu
iqÿiqh'
bkaOk" jdhq" f;,a
fmrK
(Fuel, Air, Oil Filters)
wmøjH j,ska
hka;%hg isÿjk ydksh
uÕyrjd .ekSu i|yd
bkaOk" jdhq" f;,a fmrK
we;s w;r tu fmrK$
fYdaOl (Filters) iïnkaOj
mßCIdldÍ úh hq;=h'
bkaOk fmrKh
(Fuel/ Filter)
bkaOk fmrKh
u.ska bkaOk j, wvx.= c,h"
wmøjHkaf.ka bkaOk msßisÿ
lsÍu isÿlrhs' iuyr g%elagr
j, bkaOk fmrK folla
we;s w;r (Primary and
Secondary Filtes) bkaOk
j, c,h bj;a lsÍug fjku
fldgila tla *s,agrhl
;sfí' tuÕska c,h bj;a
l< yel' g%elagrh iuÕ §
we;s w;afmdf;ys (Owner's
Manual) i|yka wdldrhg
bkaOk fmrK (Fuel Filters)
kshñ; ld, jljdkq j,§
udre lsÍu fhda.Hh'
jdhq fYdaOlh
(Air Filter)
fndfyda úg g%elag¾
Ndú;d lrkqfha ¥ú,s iys;
mdr j, fyda fCIa;% j,
ksid tu jdhq fYdaOlh (Air
Filter) .ek wjOdkfhka
isáh hq;=h' Ndú;d lsÍu
wkqj ksr;=reju msßisÿ lsÍu
wjYHh' msßisÿ l< fkdyels
úg w¿;a fmrkhla iú l<
hq;=h'
tfukau g%elagrh$
hka;%h iuÕ ,nd § we;s
w;afmdf;a i|yka wdldrhg
tu ld, jljdkq j,§ w¿;ska
iú lsÍu o l< hq;=fõ'
f;,a fmrKh
(Oil Filters)
hka;%fha meje;au
i|yd tu hka;%fha w;a
fmdf;a (owner's manual)
i|yka mßos iEu f;,a udre
lsÍul§u f;,a fmrKh (Oil
Filter) udre lsÍu iqÿiqh'
tfukau f;,a
iuÕ wmøjH fyda
c,h ñY% ù we;akï
tu f;,a fmrKh (Oil
Filter) msßisÿ lsÍu fyda
w¿;ska imhd iú lsÍu
l< hq;= w;r f;,a o udre
lr w¿;ska kshu m%udKhg
fhoSu l< hq;=h'
f.dúlï iÕrdj8
f¾äfhagrh
(Radiator)
iEu Èklu g%elagrh
mK .ekAùug fmr
f¾äfhagrfha c, uÜgu
mßCId l< hq;=h' tfukau
Odjkfha§ Ydl fldgia"
lDóka jeks ndysr wmøjH
tl;= ùu u.ska f¾äfhagrfha
wjysr;djhka .ek
mßCIdldÍ úh hq;=h'
g%elagrhg .%Sia yd
f;,a fh§u
fjk;a jdyk j,g
idfmaCIj g%elagrfha p,kh
jk fldgia jeä ksid" wjYH
;eka j,g .%Sia$ ,sysis f;,a
fh§u iEu Ndú;d lsÍulska
miqju l< hq;=h'
g%elagrfha .%Sia
ksm,hka we;s ia:dk ms<sn|
iqmßCIdldÍ ùu yd tu iEu
ia:dkhlgu .%Sia fh§u l<
hq;=h' .%Sia fkdjÈk ksm,a
w¿;ska fh§u$ msßisÿ lr
kej; fh§u l< hq;=h'
úfYaIfhka iqlaldkï
moaO;sh" la,É iy ;sßx.
moaO;sfha ,Sjr ;=ka mqrela
weuqKqu (Three point hitch
pivot points) i|yd wod,
;eka j,g .%Sia fh§u l<
hq;=h'
tfukau g%elagrfha
.sh¾ fmÜáfha f;,a"
ä*rkaI,a f;,a" yhsfv%d,sla
moaO;sfha f;,a wdÈh
mßCId lsÍu yd tu
g%elagrfha w;afmdf;a i|yka
ld, jljdkq j, mrK f;,a
bj;a fldg w¿;a f;,a fh§u
l< hq;=h' ^iuyr g%elag¾
i|yd úfYaIs; f;,a Ndú;d
lsÍug Wmfoia ,nd§ ;sfí'
tu wod< f;,a Ndú;d lsÍug
o ie<ls,su;a úh hq;=h&
48 ldKavh - 03 l,dmh 9
g%elagrhg wêl nr
fkdfh§u
f.dú;eka lghq;=
i|yd fuj,ï iúlsÍu
fyda m%jdyk lghq;= i|yd
fhdod.ekSfï§ tu hka;%hg
ks¾foaYs; nr yd m%udKfhka
fyda hq;a WmlrK Ndú;d
l< hq;=h' wêl nr we§u
fyda megùu fkdl< hq;=h'
g%elagrfha msßisÿlu
g%elagrh Odjkfhka
miq ks;ru msßisÿ l< hq;=h'
túg bkaOk iy f;,a
ldkaÿ ùula fyda hka;%hg
ydks ùula isÿù we;akï th
meyeÈ<sj oel.; yelsh'
úfYaI lreKq
² ãi,a g%elagrhla
mK.ekajQ jydu fõ.h
jeä lsÍu fyda Odjkh
lsÍu fkdl< hq;=h'
tkacsu r;a ùug bv
fokak' yhsfv%d,sla
fmdïm f;,a fmdïm iy
Tijkhka ys (Lifters)
g%elagrh mdúÉÑ fkdlr
;sfnk úg f;,a
^yhsfv%d,sla f;,a&
ldkaÿùug yel' thska
hka;% fldgia j,g ydks
isÿfõ' ta .ek wjOdkh
fhduq l< hq;=h'
² g%elagrfha kshñ;
ld,iSudfõ§ fiajd l<
hq;=h' ta i|yd fiajd
igyka ;nd .kak'
w;a fmdf;ys fï .ek
i|yka jqj;a wjYH meh
.Kk l%shd fkdlrk
g%elagrhla kï hï ld,
iSudjloS f;,a udrelsÍu
iy fiajd lsÍu l< hq;=h'
² .%Sia fh§fï§ nr mgjd
we;s úg;a nr rys;j;a
.%Sia fh§fuka fyd|ska tu
ia:dk j,g .%Sia msrùu
l< yel'
² g%elagrfha negßh .ek
mÍlaIdldÍ jkak' ks;r
Ndú;d fkdlrk
g%elagrhl negßfha n,h
wvq ùu isÿfõ' jßkajr
g%elagrh mK .kajd
negßh wdfrdamKh
^pd¾Ê& ùug i,iajkak'
tfia mK .ekaùfuka
ks;r Odjkh fkdlrk
tkacsu r;aùug
i,iajkak'
f.dúlï iÕrdj10
² r¿ fCIa;% lghq;= i|yd
g%elagrh Ndú;d lrk
úg g%elagrfha miqmi
ghr j, lÜgd tlúg
miqmig Odjkh jk
wdldrhg udre l< hq;=h'
^ju ol=K ghr udre
lsÍu u.ska& tfukau
tla tla fCIa;% lghq;=
i|yd fhdod .ekSfï§
Wmßu ld¾hCIu;djla
,nd.ekSug frdao
mr;rhka ^fjk;a
fuj,ï iú lsÍu&
msßú;rhkag wkqj isÿ
isÿl< hq;=h'
² yhsfv%da,sla moaO;s
j, f;,a m%udK .ek
úuis,su;aùu jeo.;ah'
² msgqmi frdao iúlr we;s
weK (Log Nuts / Wheel
Nuts) ks;ru nqre,aj
;sfíoehs mÍlaIdldÍ
jkak'
wjjdohhs
² g%elagrfha we;s wdjrK"
wdrlaId ljr iy
wdrlaIl WmlrK bj;a
fkdlrkak'
² wu;r fldgia iy
WmlrK ñ,oS .ekSfïoS
tajdfha we;s msßú;rhka
yd Wmfoia ms,smoskak'
² fí%la ,hsk¾ msßisÿ
lsÍfï§ tajd
weianeiafgdaia j,ska
;kd we;s neúka
thska msgjk ¥ú,s iys;
jdhqfjka ms,sld jeks
frda. yg.kakd ksid
wdrCIdldÍ jkak'
² úYd, nrla fyda .iaj,
l|ka weoSug welai,a fyda
yria nd¾ tlg oïje,a
fyda lUhla oud weoSfïoS
Odjkh k;rù frdao lr-
leù g%elagrh fmr,Sug
bv we;'
² g%elagrfha tkacsu
fldgia fjk;a jdykj,
fuka wdjrKh fkdlr
we;s ksid r;a jQ miq isis,a
jk f;la kej; mK
.ekaùfuka j<lskak'
f.dúlï iÕrdjg
f;dr;=re tla lf<a"
ñ,skao iurfldaka
lDIsl¾u WmfoaYl"
lDIs m%ldYk tallh"
.kakfkdarej
48 ldKavh - 03 l,dmh 11
idudkH f;dr;=re (
úh<s ld<.=Ksl ;;a;ajhg Tfrd;a;=
fok" b;d iS>%fhka j¾Okh jk" w,xldrh
msKsi j.d lrk Ydlhls' ysre t<sh m%sh lrhs'
fyd¢ka c,h nei hk uOHu m%udKfha ,jK
.;shla iys; mig reÑ njla olajhs' fuu
Ydlh w;= len,s fyda îc uÕska jHdma; lr.;
yelsh' fuu Ydlh úis;=re m;%sl Ydlhla f,i
j.d lrk w;r WoHdk w,xlrKfha§ nyq,j
Ndú;d fõ' fuys mqIamh Ü%ksgEâ yd fgdnEf.da
rcfha cd;sl mqIamhhs' fuu Ydlhg ó
ueiaika" iuk<hka iy wfkl=;a mlaISka nyq,j
wdl¾IKh fõ' r;= meye;s uks m;% ksid mqIamh
r;a meye nj fmkS hk uq;a ly meye;s mqIamsld
rdYshlska mqIam uxcßh iukaú; fõ' iqj|la
fkdue;s fuu u,a yg .ekSu WKqiqï ld<.=Ksl
;;a;aj hgf;a isÿ fjhs' È.eá M,h mef<k iq¿
iafMdaáldjls' fuys mshdm;a iys; îc rdYshlska
hqla;h' fuys oejh leìfkÜgq iy wfkl=;a
ieye,aÆ ,S nvq iE§u msKsi Ndú;d lrhs'
we;eï wjia:d j,§ oejh bkaOk iy .,a
wÕ=re ksIamdokfha§ fhdod .kshs' fuu Ydlfha
we;eï fldgia T!Iëh .=Kfhka iukaú;hs'
Ydlfha fmdÿ kduh ( jhs,aâ fmdhskafiáhd"
pdfldakshd
Ydl l=<h ( reìfhaisfha ^Rubiaceae&
WoaNso úoHd;aul kduh ( Warszewiczia coccinea nyq,j jHdma; ù we;s rgj,a ( uOHu yd ol=Kq
weußldj
iqÿiq foaY.=Kh ( ksj¾;k foaY.=Kh
Ydlfha iajNdjh ( óg¾ 8 la olajd Wilg jefvk
idudkH .ils'
msmqKq uf,a rej f.k wdfõ"
wdpd¾h wp,d w;a;kdhl - ksfhdacH wOHCI
iqNdIsKs fikúr;ak - jevigyka iyldr
rdclSh WoaNso WoHdkh" fmardfoKsh
f.dúlï iÕrdj12
;lald,s" frda. yd m<sfndaO
i|yd wêl md;%S;djhla
olajk fnda.hls' Y%S ,xldfõ
j.d lrk ;lald,s fnda.hg
ydks lrk njg y÷kdf.k
we;s lDóka w;ßka iqÿ
ueiaid" l=ä;a;d iy me<
uelald jeo.;a m<sfndaOlhska
f,i ie,fla' fuu lDóka hqI
Wrdîfuka fl,skau isÿlrk
ydkshg wu;rj j.djg
ffjria frda. fnda lrkq ,efí'
tneúka" jdKsc jYfhka j.d
lrkq ,nk ;lald,s j,g
wêl f,i lDñkdYl fhdokq
,efí' úfYaIfhkau ldnksl
fyda f.j;= j.djka f,i
;lald,s j.d lsÍfï§ fuu
lDóka md,kh lsÍu m%n,
.eg¿jlaj mj;S' tu ksid
fuu lDóka i|yd ridhksl
fkdjk md,k l%u jeä ÈhqKq
lsÍu w;HdjYH fõ'
ñY% fnda. j.d" wka;¾
fnda. j.d fyda iyhl fnda."
tkï m%Odk j.dj iuÕ
fjk;a fnda. fyda fjk;a Ydl
j¾. j.d lsÍu uÕska lDó
m<sfndaO md,kh lsÍu fjk;a
rgj, id¾:lj isÿlrkq
,efí' fuu ;dlaIKfha we;s
tla jdishla kï m%Odk j.dfõ
m<sfndaO lDó .ykhka
flfrys we;s lrkq ,nk
n,mEu uÕska tu fnda.hg
isÿjk m<sfndaO ydks wju
lsÍu nj úoHd;aulj Tmamq lr
we;' fndfyda Ydl úfYaI j,
zzwe,Sf,dflñl,aZZ jYfhka
y÷kajk iajdNdúl ridhksl
ixfhda. wvx.= jk w;r tu
ixfhda. j,g lDóka m,jd
yeÍfï fyda wdl¾IKh
lr.ekSfï yelshdj
we;' tfiau iuyr Ydl j¾.
tayd wdikakj j.d lrk
fjk;a Ydl j¾. j, j¾Okh
jeälsÍug iy tu Ydl j,
wiajekafka m%udKh
jeälsÍug fyda rih ^flavour&
jeälsÍu uÕska .=Kd;auh
by< oeóug WmldÍjk nj
jd¾;d ù we;' ñY% j.djla
2017 ASDAm¾fhaIK m;%sld
weiqßKs
48 ldKavh - 03 l,dmh 13
f,i ;lald,s j.dlsÍfï§
lDñ m<sfndaO ydks wvq
jk nj fjk;a rgj,
m¾fhaIKd;aulj fmkajd
§ we;' fï i|yd iyhl
fnda. f,i fhdod.; yels
Ydl .Kkdjla úoHd;aul
,sms j, yd wka;¾cd,fhys
i|ykaj we;' tfiau
;lald,s fnda.fhka bj;g
lDóka wdl¾IKh lr.ekSu
i|yd W.=,a fnda. fhdod
.ekSu o l< yelsfõ' tneú-
ka" ;lald,s j.dfõ hqI Wrd-
fndk lDóka md,kh i|yd
f;dard.;a iydhl fnda.
lsysmhl ld¾hlaIu;dj
mÍlaId lsÍfï wruqKska
fuu wOHhkh 2014 isg 2016
olajd ld,h ;=< fmardfoKsh"
.kafkdrej WoHdk fnda.
m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok
wdh;kfha§ isÿ lrk ,§'
fuu m¾fhaIK
lghq;= i|yd iyhl fnda. myla
^nKavlald" ,Slaia" odiafm;shd
lrá yd ñkaÑ& f;dard .kakd
,§' m%Odk fnda.h jk
;lald,s ^;s,sK m%fNaoh&
j.d lrk ,o óg¾ 4 x 3'6
m%udKfha tla tla m¾fhaIK
fldgq jgd fikaáóg¾ 50 la
ÿßka fma<s folla jYfhka
isák mßÈ tla tla j¾.fha
iyhl fnda.h ne.ska isgqjk
,§' fnda.h m<sfndaOkdYl
fh§fuka f;drj md,kh
lrñka iajdNdúl f,i frda.
yd m<sfndaO wdidokh ùug
bv yßk ,§' mQ¾K wyUqlrK
lÜá ie,iqu ^Randomized
Complete Block Design& wkqj
m%;sj,s; ;=klska hq;=j lafIa;%
m¾fhaIK lghq;= isÿ lrk ,§'
tla tla m¾fhaIK fldgqfjka
wyUq f,i f;dard.;a m;% 10
l ^tla Ydlhlska o¿ m;% 2
ne.ska jk mßÈ fldgqfõ
ueo fma<s j,ska wyUq f,i
f;dard.;a Ydl 5 lska
,nd.;a m;% o& isák iqÿ
ueiaika iy l+ä;a;ka
ixLHd ms<sn| o;a; i;sm;d
igyka lr.kakd ,§' ;jo"
tu wdldrfhkau ,nd.;a
wu;r m;% 10 l ksheÈh ne.ska
iEu fldgqjlskau ,ndf.k
fmd,s;Ska u¿j, nyd /f.k
f.dia m¾fhaIKd.drfha§
wkaùlaI ;a;aj hgf;a mÍlaId
lr me< uelalka ixLHdj
.Kka lrk ,§' ffjria
frda. widÈ; me< ixLHdj iy
m¾fhaIK fldgqfõ uq¿ me<
ixLHdjo igyka lr.kakd
,§' wiajkq ,nd .kakd iEu
wjia:dfõ§u wiajekak ms<sn|
o;a; igyka lr.kakd ,§'
lkakh ;=< lDó .yKhkaf.a
idudkH w.hka ms<sn| o;a;
f,d.a w.hkag mßj¾;kh
lr tu w.hka ixLHd;aulj
úYaf,aIKh ^Co-varience
analysis& lrk ,§' ffjria
frda. widÈ; me< ixLHdfõ
m%;sY;h ms<sn| o;a; iy
wiajekak ms<sn| o;a;hka o
ixLHd;aulj úYaf,aIKh
^Analysis of Varience& lrk
,§'
iyhl fnda. jYfhka
nKavlald" ,Slaia yd ñkaÑ
m%Odk fnda.h jk ;lald,s
fnda.fha iqÿ ueiaikaf.a
wdidokh wvq lrkq ,nk
nj fuu wOHhkfhka fmkS
hk ,§ ^j.=j 1&' lerÜ
u.ska iqÿ ueiaikaf.a .ykh
wvqùula olakg fkd,enqk
o tu.ska ;lald,s fnda.h
ffjria frda. wdidokfhka
wdrlaId jk nj olakg ,enqKs'
ñkaÑ iyhl fnda.hla
jYfhka j.dlsÍu ;lald,s
fnda.fha ffjria frda.
wdidokh uOHia: jYfhka
wvq lsÍug n,mdk w;r ,Slaia
yd odiafm;shd j,ska ta i|yd
lsisÿ n,mEula fkdue;s nj
olakg ,enqKs'
f.dúlï iÕrdj14
j.=j 1 - 2014$15 uy iy 2015 h, lkak j,§ .kafkdarefõ§ j.d l< ;lald,s fnda.fha
ffjria frda. wdidokh flfrys iydhl fnda. j,ska we;sjQ n,mEu
m%;sl¾uhuOHhkah ffjria frda. wdidok m%;sY;h
2014$15 uy 2015 h,
nKavlald iuÕ ;lald,s 28.11 c 5.18
lerÜ iuÕ ;lald,s 30.39 bc 6.67
ñkaÑ iuÕ ;lald,s 41.61 abc 3.33
,Slaia iuÕ ;lald,s 50.74 abc 16.67
odiafm;shd iuÕ ;lald,s 53.59 ab 8.51
;lald,s muKla 55.51 a 6.78
C.V. % 7.03 N.S.
óg wu;rj ;lald,s iuÕ ,Slaia" ñkaÑ" lerÜ yd nKav-
lald iyhl fnda. jYfhka j.d lsÍfuka ;lald,s muKla j.d
l<= úg ,efnk wiajekakg jvd by, wiajekakla ;lald,s j,ska
,nd §ug tu iyhl fnda. n,mdk nj meyeÈ,s úh ^j.=j 2&'
j.=j 2 - 2014$15 uy iy 2015 h, lkak j,§ .kafkdarefõ§ iyhl fnda. iuÕ ;lald,s j.d
lsÍfuka ,enqKq wiajekak
m%;sl¾uh
2014$15 uy lkakh 2015 h, lkakh
uq¿ wiajekak
^fgdka$fyla&
wiajekak jeä
lsÍfï m%;sY;h
uq¿ wiajekak
^fgdka$fyla&
wiajekak
jeä
lsÍfï
m%;sY;h
,Slaia iuÕ ;lald,s 4.437 a 71.45 21.88 ab 19.73
nKavlald iuÕ ;lald,s 3.904ab 50.85 17.73 bc -
lerÜ iuÕ ;lald,s 3.872ab 49.61 16.96 bc -
;lald,s muKla 2.588b - 18.27 bc -
ñkaÑ iuÕ ;lal,s 2.540 b - 25.30 a 38.48
odiafm;shd iuÕ ;lal,s 1.531 bc - 11.28 c -
C.V. % 42.82 - 21.23 -
fuu wOHhkfha§ wju wiajekak ,ndfok ,oafoa iyhl fnda.hla f,i odiafm;shd iuÕ
j.dlrk ,o ;lald,s j.dj fõ' odiafm;shd uÕska ;lald,s j.djg fh¥ fmdfydr ,nd.ekSu ksid
yd odiafm;shd Ydl b;d ire f,i jeã ;sîu ksid we;sjQ fijK ksid iuyrúg ta iuÕ j.d l< ;lald,s
j, wiajekak wvqùug th fya;=jQjd úh yelsh' ;lald,s fndafha hqI Wrd fndk lDóka .ykh yd
ffjria frda. wdidokh wvqlr.ekSug ;lald,s iuÕ iyhl fnda. f,i ,Slaia" ñkaÑ" lerÜ yd
nKavlald j.d lsÍu iqÿiq nj fuu mÍlaIKfha iuia: m%;sM, wkqj fmkS hhs'
odiafm;shd iuÕ ;lald,s j.d lsÍu
lerÜ iuÕ ;lald,s j.d lsÍu
ñkaÑ iuÕ ;lald,s j.d lsÍu
48 ldKavh - 03 l,dmh 15
2017 ASDAm¾fhaIK m;%sld
weiqßKs
ye|skaùu
yß; úma,jh;a iuÕ
fnda. j.djka i|yd ridhksl
fmdfydr Ndú;h nyq, úh'
Y%S ,xldfõ ù" m,;=re" t<j¿"
lafIa;% fnda. yd jeú,s fnda.
i|yd 2016 jif¾§ fmdfydr
fgdka 879"900 Ndú;d lr
we;' fmdfydr Ndú;d lrkq
mfia we;s fmdaIl
;;a;ajh ridhksl fmdfydr
Ndú;h ksid úYd, f,i
fjkia l< yelsh' mfia
fmdaIl iu;=,s;;dj
fkdìf|k f,i fmd-
fydr Ndú;d lsÍu isÿl<
hq;+h' tfia fkdjqk fyd;a
mfia fkdfhl=;a .eg¿ldÍ
;;a;ajhka we;sùug
fya;= fõ' úfYaIfhka
flaa' ta' f¾kqld" ví' tï' whs' fikúr;Ak
fCIa;% fnda. m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok wdh;kh"
uyb¨mam,a,u
,nk m%udKh" fnda.h
wkqj fjkia fõ' ish¨
fnda. i|yd fmdfydr
ks¾foaY we;s kuq;a iuyr
wjia:dj,§ fuu ks¾foaYs;
fmdfydr m%udKhg
jvd jeämqr fhdok
wjia:d we;' úfYaIfhka
uqo,a fnda. i|yd fuh oelsh
yel'
f.dúlï iÕrdj16
mfia kSfrda.S njg th
.eg¨jla fõ'
î Ækq Y%S ,xldfõ
j.dlrkq ,nk uqo,a fnda.
hla jk w;r wkqrdOmqr"
ud;f,a yd yïnkaf;dg hk
osia;s%lal j, jeä jYfhka
j.dlrkq ,nhs' î Ækq
uqo,a fnda.hla jk
neúka f.dùka tys jeä
wiajkq n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka
fkdfhl=;a ridhksl
fmdfydr j¾. fkdfhl=;a
m%udK j,ska fh§u isÿfõ'
kuq;a Tjqkag î Ækq j,
úNj wiajekak ,nd .ekSug
fkdyels ù we;s w;r mfia
fkdfhl=;a .eg¨ldÍ
;;a;aj we;sù ;sfí' mdxY=
úYaf,aIKh uÕska tu fmdaIl
;;a;ajhkaf.a fjkia ùu
y÷kd.; yelsh'
wkqrdOmqr Èia;s%lalfha
bmf,da.u m%dfoaYSh f,alï
fldÜGdYfha î Ækq j.d
lrk fCIa;% 45 l mia idïm,a
mÍCId lsÍu i|yd fikaáóg¾
0 - 15 .eUqßka idïm,a
,nd.kakd ,oS' fuu
idïm, j, pH" úoHq;a
ikakdhl;djh" fnda.hg
,nd.; yels fmdiamria
m%udKh" yqjudre l< yels
fmdgEishu m%udKh" ldnksl
øjH m%udKh" ,nd.; yels
iskala yd fldm¾ m%udK
úYaf,aIKh lrk ,§'
pH w.h yd úoHq;a
ikakdhl;dj
úYaf,aIKh l<
idïm,a j, pH w.h 4'5
isg 7'9 olajd fjkia úh'
idïm,a j,ska 64] muK
î Ækq j.djg iqÿiq pH
w.hla mej;=Ks' ^6'75& úoHq;a
ikakdhl;djh 0'03 isg 0'72
olajd fjkia ù ;snqK w;r
38] muK idïm,a j, úoHq;a
ikakdhl;d w.h 0'15 jeä
w.hl mej;=Ks' fuu miaj,
,jK ;;a;ajh we;sfjñka
mj;S' tneúka î Ækq j.d
lrk iuyr fCIa;% j, pH
yd úoHq;a ikakdhl;d w.h
j.djg iq¥iqq m%Yia: uÜgul
fkdue;'
ldnksl øjH m%;sY;h
úYaf,aIKh lrkq
,enQ idïm,a j, ldnksl øjH
m%;sY;h 0'5] - 3'1] olajd
fjkia ù we;' úYaf,aIKh
lrkq ,enQ idïm,a j,ska 97]
muK m%udKhl ldnksl
øjH m%;sY;h 3] lg jvd wvq
w.hl we;' idrj;a mil
ldnksl m%;sY;h 3] - 6]
w;r m%udKhl ;sìh hq;=h'
kuq;a fuu úYaf,aIKh
l< mia j, ldnksl øjH
m%;sY;h fuu uÜgfï
fkdue;' tneúka fuu
mdxY= úYaf,aIKh lrkq ,enQ
lafIa;% j,g ldnksl
fmdfydr tl;= lr .ekSu
l< hq;= fõ'
yqjudre l< yels
fmdgEishï
fuu úYaf,aIKh
lrkq ,enq mia idïm,a
j, yqjudre l< yels
fmdgEishï m%udKh 43 mg/kg
isg 365 mg/kg olajd fjkia
ù ;snq w;r úYaf,aIKh l<
idïm,a m%udKfhka 50]
jeä m%udKhl fmdgEishï
m%udKh 117 mg/kg
48 ldKavh - 03 l,dmh 17
jeä w.hl mej;=ks'
fuu mia fmdgEishï
b;d wêl ldKavhlg jefÜ'
mfia fmdgEishï wêl jk úg
th Ydl uÕska ,nd .efkk
khsg%cka" le,aishï"
ue.akSishï m%udKh wvq
lsÍug fya;= fõ' tkï mfia
fmdaIl wiu;=,s;;djhla
we;s fõ'
,nd.; yels fmdiamria
fuu úYaf,aIKh
lrkq ,enQ mia idïm,a j,
,nd.; yels fmdiamria
m%udKh 4'3 mg/kg isg
100 mg/kg olajd fjkia ù
we;' mfia wvx.= fmdiamria
m%udKh 30ppm jvd
jeäfõ kï tu mig fm-
diamria wvx.= fmdfydr
fh§u wjYH fkdfj' fuu
úYaf,aIKh l< idïm,a j,ska
46] m%udKhl ,nd.; yels
fmdiamria m%udKh 30ppm
jvd jeäh' tneúka fuu
lafIa;% i|yd B<Õ lkak-
fha j.djka i|yd fmdiamria
fh§u wjYH fkdfõ'
,nd.; yels fldm¾
yd iskala
fnda. i|yd mfia
;sìh hq;+ fldm¾ yd iskala j,
wju uÜgu ms<sfj,ska 1 - 2
mg/kg yd 0'7 - 1 mg/kg fõ'
úYaf,aIKh l< mia idïm,a
j, ,nd .; yels fldm¾
m%udKh 0'96 mg/kg isg 5'3
mg/kg olajd fjkia jk
w;r ,nd.; yels iskala
m%udKh 1 mg/kg isg 3'6
mg/kg olajd fjkia fõ'
,nd.; yels fldm¾ 2 mg/kg
lg jvd jeä idïm,a m%;sY;h
78] jQ w;r ,nd.; yels
iskala 1 mg/kg lg jvd jeä
idïm,a m%;sY;h 92] úh'
fuu mia idïm,a
úYaf,aIKh lsÍfuka ,enqKq
f;dr;=re wkqj fmkS hkafka
fuu î Ækqq j.dlrkq
,nk lafIa;%j,ska 95]
jeä m%udKhlg ldnksl
fmdfydr mig fhÈh
hq;= nj;a fmdiamria
yd fmdgEishï wvx.= ridhksl
fmdfydr B<Õ lkakfha§
iuyr" lafIa;% i|yd fhoSu
wjYH fkdjk nj;a Zn yd
Cu hk laIqø fmdaIl o iuyr
lafIa;% j, wjYH m%udKhg
wvx.= ù we;s nj;ah'
fuu m¾fhaIK
m%;sM, uÕska ks.ukh l<
yelafla fuu î Ækq j.d
flafIa;% j, fmdaIl uÜgu
fCIa;%fhka fCIa;%hg fjkia
jk neúka ish¨ fCIa;%
i|yd fmdÿ jQ fmdfydr
ks¾foaYhka wkq.ukh
lsÍu iqÿiq fkdjk njhs'
tneúka j.dj wdrïNhg
fmr wod< lafIa;%fha mdxY=
fmdaIl ;;a;ajh mÍCId lr
ta wkqj wjYH fmdfydr
m%udKh ks¾Kh lsÍu
b;du;a jeo.;a fõ'
fuuÕska mfia fmdaIl
wiu;=,s;;dj j<ld .;
yels neúka fnda.fha
wiajekak jeä úug fya;=
jk w;r wd¾Ólj o
jdisodhl fõ' ;jo" wêl
fmdfydr Ndú;fhka
mßirhg jk ydksh o j<ld
.; yelsh'
f.dúlï iÕrdj18
l=l¾ìfÜisfha ^Cucarbitaceae&
Ydl l=,hg wh;ajk
msms[a[d f,dalfha iEu
rglu mdfya ld w;r;a b;d
ckm%sh" wd¾Ól jYfhka uy;a
m%fhdackhla we;s fnda.hls'
msms[a[d j, we;s by< c,
m%;sY;h iy fjk;a ridhksl
ixfhda." ñksia YÍrfha ñh.sh
merKs ffi, fldgia yd
isrerg we;=¿ jk ridhksl
úI ixfhda.hka bj;a lsÍug
yelshdjla fmkajhs'
kejqï msms[a[d
M,fhka c,h bj;aùfï
wêl fõ.h iy by< Yajik
fõ.h ksid b;d blauKska
M,h /,s jeàu" fõ,Sfï
iajNdjhlg md;%ùu" meyeh
iy kejqï rih fjkia ùu
wd§ lreKq u; .=Kd;aulj
msßySulg ,lafõ' fï ksid
msms[a[d l,a;nd .ekSfï
§ f.dùka úYd, .eg¿jlg
uqyqKmdk w;r flá Ôú;
ld,h ksid úYd, f,i miq
wiajkq ydks j,g ,lafjhs'
2017 ASDAm¾fhaIK m;%sld
weiqßKs
48 ldKavh - 03 l,dmh 19
fndfyda m,;=re
iy t<j¿ j, miq wiajkq
.=Kd;aul nj iy tajdfha
Ôú; ld,h flfrys wiajkq
fk,Sug m%:uj lafIa;%fha§
isÿlrkq ,nk l%shdldrlï
^fmdfydr Ndú;h$
ridhk øjH Ndú;h$
fnda. m%fNaoh$ lafIa;%
l%shdldrlï& n,mdkq ,nk
njg úoHd{hska úiska fidhd
f.k we;' tfukau ldnksl
fmdfydr Ndú;h
uÕska m,;=re iy t<j¿
j, .=Kd;aul nj by<
kexùug iy tajdfha
ridhksl ixhq;sh flfrys
hï n,mEula we;s l< yels
njgo idlaIs yuqfõ' ldnksl
fmdfydr Ndú;h uÕska
mfiys jHqyh yd .=Kd;aul
nj j¾Okh lrk w;r mfiys
laIqø Ôù .ykh yd Tjqkaf.a
l%shdldÍ;ajh hym;a lsÍugo
l%shdlrhs' tuÕska mfiys
c,h iy jd;h r|jd .ekSfï
yelshdj jeä ÈhqKq
lrk w;ru fnda.
j, ksIamdo;djh yd
wiajkq m%udKho by<
kxjhs' ldnksl fmdfy-
dr uÕska mfiys yd fnda.
j, we;s lrkq ,nk fuu
fjkia ùï fl,skau fnda.
j, .=Kd;aul njg" rid-
hksl ixhq;shg yd tajd
l,a;nd .ekSfï ld,h jeä
lsÍug o n,mdk w;r tuÕs-
ka fnda. j, we;s wys;lr
;;a;ajhkg uqyqK§fï we;s
yelshdjo by< ouhs'
fuu lreKq mokï lr
.ksñka ldnksl fmdfydr
Ndú;h msms[a[d j,
.=Kd;aulNdjh" l,a;nd.
ekSfï yelshdj yd ridhksl
ixhq;sh ^úfYaIfhka
m%;sTlaisldrl .=Kh&
flfrys flfia n,mdkafkao
hkak ms<sn|j lkak
lsysmhla uq¿,af,a
.srd÷refldaÜfÜ lDIsl¾u
m¾fhaIK ia:dkfha§
m¾fhaIK ud,djla isÿ lrk
,§'
fuys§ msms[a[d
m%fNaoh f,i l,amsáh iqÿ
^KaW& fhdod .kakd ,o w;r
lafIa;%fha j.d l< msms[a[d
fnda.h i|yd my; i|yka
fmdfydr m%;sldrhka isÿ
lrk ,È'
- 100] ridhksl fmdfydr
^fomd¾;fïka;= ks¾foaYh&
- 100] ldnksl fmdfydr
^fomd¾;fïka;= ks¾foaYh&
- 50] ridhksl fmdfydr
iy 50] ldnksl fmdfydr
- fmdfydr Ndú;d fkdlsÍu'
fmdfydr Ndú;h
yer wfkl=;a ish¿u
idOl iudk f,i fnda.
j,g ,ndÿka w;r" tla
tla fmdfydr m%;sldrl
uÕska ,ndÿka msms[a[d
fjk fjku wiajkq fk,d
.ksñka úoHd.dr m¾fhaIK
j,g Ndckh lrk ,È' tys§
my; i|yka m%;sM, ,nd
.ekSug yelsúh'
ldnksl fmdfydr
m%;sTlaisldrl n,h
flfrys n,mEu
ldnksl fmdfydr
Ndú;h msms[a[d fmd;af;ys
yd uofhys wvx.= jk
f.dúlï iÕrdj20
m%;sTlaisldrl n,h ie,lsh
hq;= f,i by< oeóug iu;a
úh' ldnksl fmdfydr fhdok
m%udKh jeäùu;a iuÕ
iudka;rj m%;sTlaisldrl
Yla;sh by< hdu olakg
,enqKs' fï wkqj 100]
ldnksl fmdfydr fh¥
msms[a[d kso¾Yl j,
fmd;af;ys yd uofha by<u
m%;sTlaisldrl yelshdjka
jd¾;d úh'
bkamiqj 50]la
ldnksl fmdfydr fh¥
msms[a[d kso¾Yl j,
fojkqjgo" ridhksl
fmdfydr muKla fh¥
msms[a[d kso¾Yl j,
;=kajkqjgo" m%;sTlaisldrl
.=Kh jd¾;d úh' 100]
ldnksl fmdfydr fh¥
kso¾Yl j, m%;sTlaisldrl
.=Kfha jeä ùu wfkla tajdg
idfmalaIj lemSfmfkk
uÜgul mej;sK'
ldnksl fmdfydr
.=Kd;aul
mrdñ;slhka
flfrys n,mEu
miq wiajkq ld,iSudj
;=<È msms[a[d M,j,ska c,h
bj;aùu uekSulg ,lal,
w;r" wvqu c, ydksùfï
m%;sY; w.h 100] ldnksl
fmdfydr fh¥ kso¾Yl
j,skao jeäu c, m%;sY;hla
ydks ùu 100] ridhksl
fmdfydr fh¥ kso¾Yl
j,skao jd¾;d úh' M, j,
oDV;djh ^Firmnes& .nvd
lr ;enQ ld,h ;=<§ ish¿u
kso¾Yl j, wvq ùulg
,laúh' tfy;a .nvd ld,h
wjidkfha§ by<u
oDV;djhla ;nd .ekSug 100]
ldnksl fmdfydr fh¥
msms[a[d kso¾Yl iu;a
jQ w;r 100] ridhksl
fmdfydr fh¥ kso¾Yl j,
oDV;djh b;d blauKska
msßySulg ,laúh' c,ødjH
>k øjH j, w.h ^Total
Soluble Solids) 100] ridhksl
fmdfydr fh¥ kso¾Yl j,
iy fmdfydr Ndú;d fkdl<
kso¾Yl j, b;d blauKska
by< .sh w;r 100] ldnksl
fmdfydr fh¥ kso¾Yl j,
th my< uÜgul r|jd
.ekqKs' c,ødjH >k øjH
m%udKh by< hdu t<j¿ iy
m,;=re j, mßydksh ^b§u&
ixfla;j;a lrk idOlhla
jk w;r fuh wju uÜgul
mej;Su by< Ôú; ld,h
fmkajk ukd o¾Ylhls'
tfukau f,v frda.
j,g md;%S nj ^Disease
incidence& iy fmd;af;a we;s
jQ fN!;sl ixl+,;d ^Peel
disorders) ñkqï l< w;r"
fuu mrdñ;sl j, wju
w.hka jd¾;d lsÍug 100]
ldnksl fmfydr fh¥
kso¾Yl iu;a úh' fuu
mrdñ;sl j, by<u
w.hka 100] ridhksl
fmdfydr fh¥ kso¾Yl
w;alr .kakd ,È'
by; ish¿u
mrdñ;slhka mokï lr
.ksñka mdßfNda.sl leue;a;
^Marketability) .nvd ld,h
;=<§ mdßfNda.slhska oi
48 ldKavh - 03 l,dmh 21
fofkl= fhdod .ksñka
jßka jr fidhd .kakd ,È'
fï wkqj Èk 26 .;jk
;=re 100] ldnksl fmdfydr
fh¥ msms[a[d mßfNdackhg
mdßfNda.slhska leue;a; m,
l< w;r 100] ridhksl
fmdfydr fhÿ msms[a[d
mßfNdackhg leue;a; m,
lf<a Èk 16 .; jk ;=re
muKs' tfiau Èk 22 olajd 50]
ldnksl fmdfydr fh¥
kso¾Yl ñ,g .ekSug
mdßfNda.slhka leue;a;
oelajQ w;r" fmdfydr fkd-
fh¥ msms[a[d mßfNdckhg
Tjqka leue;a; m, lf<a Èk
15 la .;jk ;=re muKs'
ldnksl fmdfydr
msms[a[d j, miq
wiajkq Ôú; ld,h
flfrys n,mEu
by; i|yka l<
mrdñ;slhka fndfyduhla
fhdod .ksñka tla tla
msms[a[d kso¾Ylfha miq
wiajkq Ôú; ld,h idudkH
ldur WIaK;ajfha§ ñkqï
lrk ,È' tys§ 100] ldnksl
fmdfydr fh¥ kso¾Yl Èk
26 l by<u Ôú; ld,hla
jd¾;d l< w;r Èk 15 yd 16
l wju Ôú; ld, ms<sj,ska
fmdfydr fkdfhÿ iy 100]
ridhksl fmdfydr fh¥
kso¾Yl j,ska jd¾;d úh'
ks.ukh
² msms[a[d j,
m%;sTlaisldrl n,h
ldnksl fmdfydr fh§u
jeä ùu;a iuÕ jeä úh'
² msms[a[d j, .=Kd;auh
flfrys ldnksl fmdfydr
lemSfmfkk f,i
n,mdk w;r ldnksl
fmdfydr fh¥ msms[a[d
by< .=Kd;auhlska hqla;
úh'
² ldnksl fmdfydr Ndú;h
msms[a[d j, miq wiajkq
.nvd ^Ôú;& ld,h
jeälrhs'
² ldnksl fmdfydr
Ndú;h uÕska msms[a[d
j, miq wiajkq ydks wvq
lr.ekSug yelshdjla
mj;S'
igyk (
fuu m¾fhaIKh
msms[a[d fnda.fha l,amsáh
iqÿ m%fNaoh muKla
fhdodf.k isÿ lr we;s
neúka wfkl=;a msms[a[d
m%fNao i|yd jk n,mEu
iy wfkl=;a t<j¿ yd
m,;=re i|yd jk n,mEu
oek.ekSu i|yd bÈßhg
m¾fhaIK lghq;= isÿl<
hq;=fõ'
tÉ' wd¾' mS' m%kdkaÿ
wdydr m¾fhaIK wdh;kh"
.kafkdarej
ví' Ô' î' wd¾' wdßhr;ak
lDIsl¾u m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok
uOHia:dkh"
.srdÿrefldaÜfÜ
fla' tï' tia'fldäldr
m%dfoaYSh lDIsl¾u m¾fhaIK yd
ixj¾Ok wdh;kh" nKavdrfj,
mS' ùrisxy
WoHdk fnda. m¾fhaIK yd
ixj¾Ok wdh;kh" .kafkdarej
tÉ' tï' t,a' ksrdka
lDIsl¾u m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok
uOHia:dkh"
.srdÿrefldaÜfÜ
tia' tï' ta' iS' hQ' fiakdr;ak
wdydr m¾fhaIK wdh;kh"
.kafkdarej
f.dúlï iÕrdj22
fmdl=Kq
;=< u;aiH
j.dj ,xldfõ
fndfyda m%foaYj,
myiqfjka isÿl<
yelsh' úh<s l,dmSh
m%foaYhka j, j.djka
ioyd c,h .nvd lr
.ekSug ilialrk úYd,
m%udKfha fmdl=Kq ;=<
o fuh id¾:lj isÿ l<
yelsh' wd¾Ól ,dNhla
Wfoid fuu ñßÈh u;aiH
j.dj isÿ lrkafka kï ta
ioyd wju jYfhka j¾.
ógr 500 l m%udKfha
fmdl=Kla ilialr .;
hq;= fõ' u;aiH j.dj i|yd
fmdl=Kq ilia lsÍfï§
jeo.;a jkafka fmdl=fKys
.eUqr fkdj" fmdl=fKys
jmißhhs' fmdl=fKys
.eUqr fldf;la jeä l<
o tys ;ekam;a l< yels
u;aiH we.s,a,ka m%udKh
jeä l< fkdyelsh' kuq;a
fmdl=fKys jmißh jeä
jk úg ;ekam;a l< yels
u;aiH we.s,a,ka m%udKh
jeä l< yelsh' thg fya;=j
kï u;aiHhska iEu úgu
.ejfikafka c,fha u;=msg
uÜgfï isg ógr folla
muK .eUqrla olajd
mrdihl muKla ùuhs'
ñßÈh u;aiH l¾udka;h
ie,lSfï§" Y%%S ,xldfõ óg
oYl y;rlg muK § tyd
mej;s ;;a;ajhg jvd fï jk
úg hï ÈhqKqjla olakg ,efí'
ksoiqkla f,i .DydY%s;
fmdl=Kq ;=< j.djla
ñßÈh u;aiH l¾udka;h
jHdma; ùu oelaúh yelsh' fï
wdldrfha ñßÈh u;aiH
j.djla ;=<ska mjqf,a
fmdaIKh i|yd muKla fkdj
mjqf,a fukau rfgys wd¾Ólh
flfrys o ukd odhl;ajhla
,efí'
48 ldKavh - 03 l,dmh 23
ñßÈh u;aiH j.dj ioyd
fmdl=Kla ilid .ekSu
01' iqÿiq ia:dkhla f;dard .ekSu
² iqÿiq mi
fuys§ fyd¢ka c,h rod
mj;sk mila f;dard .ekSu
jvd jeo.;ah' je,s wêl
mfiys c,h r|d mej;Su
wvqh' tuksid ueá f,dau
mi fyda frdkauv iys;
ueá f,dau mi iqÿiq fõ'
² c, iemhqu
fmdl=fKys c, uÜgu wvq
jk úg th kej; msrùu
ioyd j¾Idfjka fyda .,d
hk Èh myrlska ia:sr
c, iemhqula ;sìh hq;=h'
k, c,h Ndú;d lrkafka
kï fjk;a gexlshl
Èk lsysmhla .nvd lr
;nd laf,daÍka bj;a jQ
miq fmdl=Kg oeóug
iqÿiq ;;a;ajhg m;alr
.; hq;=fõ' .,d hk Èh
myrlska c,h ,nd .;
yels kï th jvd ia:sr
fukau ,dNodhS fõ'
² c, .e,Sï we;s fkdjk
ia:dkhla ùu'
² ¥Is; ia:dkhla fkdùu'
² myiqfjka ,Õd úh yels
ia:dkhla ùu'
² wdrlaIdj iys; ia:dkhla'
06' fmdl=K m;=,g w¿ yqKq
fylaghdrhg lsf,da.%Eï 1250
- 1500 fyda í,SÑka mjqv¾
^úrxck l=vq& fylaghdrhg
lsf,da.%Eï 300 jk f,i
fyd¢ka me;sÍ hk f,i biSu'
07' Èk y;rlg fyda mylg
miqj ilia l< fmdl=fKys
m;=, wÕ,a 08 - 10 .eUqrg mi
nqre,a lr thg" uq,ska fjka
lr .;a u;=msg mia iy j¾.
ógrhlg lsf,da .%Eï tlla
jk f,i f.du ñY% lsÍu l<
hq;=h'
08' tfia ñY% lsÍfuka miq ilid
.;a fmdl=fKka wvla c,h
msrùu isÿl< hq;=h'
09' i;s follg miqj
iïmQ¾Kfhka c,h msrùu
isÿlr .kak'
² jeä c,h wmjykh lsÍug
yels ia:dkhla ùu'
02' fmdl=K ilia lsÍug
kshñ; N+ñh fyd¢ka msßisÿ
lsÍu'
03' ógr 20 la m<, yd ógr
25 la È. fldgqjla ^fmdl=fKa
m%udKh& i<l=Kq lsÍu'
04' ,l=Kq l, iSudj ;=< wÕ,a
06 l muK jk u;=msg mia
;Ügqj iQrd bj;a lr fjkuu
f.dvlg tla lr .ekSu'
05' t;eka isg fmd<j uÜgfï
isg ógr 2 la .eUqrg mia bj;a
lsÍu l< hq;=h' tys§ fmdl=fKa
udhsfï isg fmdl=K ;=<g
wdk; jk f,i mia bj;a
lsÍug ie<ls,su;a úh hq;=h'
bj;a lrk mia fmdl=K jgd
jeáhla f,i tla lsÍfuka
fmdl=fKys jfÜ odrh ì§
leã hdu j,lajd .; yelsh'
f.dúlï iÕrdj24
fmdl=Kg by<ska uiqka
we,a,Sug fhdod.kakd
oe,lska wdjrKh lr Èh
ldjqka" fldl=ka" ms<syqvqjka
jeks mlaISkaf.ka jk ydks o
j<lajd.; yelsh'
fmdl=fKa c, uÜgu
ógr 1'5 - 2 w;r wiajkq
fk,k f;la fkdlvjd
mj;ajd .ekSug ie<ls<su;a
úh hq;=h' we.s,a,ka ;ekam;a
lsÍfuka udi 08 - 10 ld,
iSudjl§ u;aiH wiajekak
,nd .; yelsh' wiajkq fk,k
wjia:dj jk úg m%Yia: ;;a;aj
hgf;a jevqKq u;aiHhl=f.a
idudkH nr .%Eï 750 - 1000 la
muK jk w;r wfmalaIs; uq¿
u;aiH wiajekak lsf,da 800 la
muK fõ'
10' fufia ilid .;a
fmdl=Kg i;shlg muK
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fï jk úg
fmdl=fKys c,h fld,
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fld< meyehg jvd;a
wdikak meyehla .kS kï
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wdikak meyehla .kS
kï tys i;a;aj ma,jdx.
jeämqr we;' tfukau
tu wjia:dfõ § iqÿ meye
mSßishla c,fha wähla muK
.s,ajk úg fkdfmkS hhs kï
uiqka yg m%udKj;a wdydr
we;s njg ie,lsh yelsh' óg
wu;rj uiqka i|yd wdydr
m%udKj;a fkdjk úg wdydr
ilia lr ,nd §uo isÿ l<
hq;= fõ'
fujeks j¾.
ógr 500la jk fmdl=Kg
u;aiH we.s,a,ka 1500 lg
muK jeãug wjldYh
we;' ;s,dmshd" leÜ,d"
frdayq" ñß.d,a" flduka
ldma" is,aj¾ ldma" ì.a fyâ
ldma jeks u;aiH j¾. fufia
j.d l< yelsh' wNsckk
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u;aiH we.s,a,ka fmdl=K
;=<g uqod yeÍu tljr
isÿ fkdl< hq;=h' m<uqj
we.s,a,ka iys; fmd,s;ska u¿
fmdl=Kq c,fha ñks;a;= 10 -
15 l muK ld,hla mdfjñka
;sfnkakg yer miqj u¿
újr lr flfuka fmdl=Kq
c,h u¿ ;=<g we;=¿ ùug
i,iajd l%ufhka uiqka yg
u¿ ;=,ska msg ù hdug bv
yeßh hq;= fõ' tfia lsÍ-
fuka mßir ;;a;aj fjkia
ùu ksid we;sjk úvdj ksid
uiqka ñh hdu wju lr .;
yelsh'
fmdl=K jgd ógrhla
muK Wig l=vd isÿre iys;
oe,lska wdjrKh lsÍfuka
lnreka" Èhn,a,ka jeks
úf,damsl i;=kaf.ka
u;aiHhskag úh yels ydks
md,kh l< hq;= fõ' ;jo
ñßÈh u;aiH j.dj ms<sn| Tnj
oekqj;a lrkafka"
iS' wd¾' ;srdK.uf.a
;dlaIK iyhl ^lDIs jHdma;s&
lDIs ;dlaIK WoHdk tallh
.kafkdarej
48 ldKavh - 03 l,dmh 25
Y%S ,dxlSh wmyg ù
f.dú;efkys È.= ld,Sk
b;sydihla mj;S' ta ta
foaY.=Ksl yd ld<.=Ksl
;;a;ajhkg wkql+, jQ ù
m%fNaohkays wjYH;djh
bgq lsÍu i|yd n;,f.dv
ù m¾fhaIK yd
ixj¾Ok wdh;kh yd
wkqnoaO wdh;k úiska
ksrka;rj ù m%fNao y÷kajd§u
isÿ lrk ,È' fuys§ jeä
wjOdkh udi 3 1$2 ù m%fNao
i|yd jQ w;r udi 03 ù
m%fNao o ie,lsh hq;=
m%udKhla y÷kajd §u isÿ
lr we;' h, uy lkak
foflysu jeä jYfhka
j.d flfrk jhia ldKavh
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ldKavh fojk ;ekg m;aj
we;'
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ld<.=Ksl úm¾hdi yuqfõ
lkakhg isÿ lrk ù j.dj
ksrka;rj wys;lr n,mEï
j,g ,lafõ' kshx ;;a;ajhka
fya;= fldg f.k uyd jdß
m%foaY j, ù j.djg m%udKj;a
2017 ASDAm¾fhaIK m;%sld
weiqßKs
c,h iemhSfï wmyiq;d mek
kef.k w;r iq¿ jdßud¾.
iy wyia Èfhka j.d
flfrk l=Uqre ysñ f.dùka
o fuu ;;a;aj hgf;a
fnfyúka msvdjg m;aùu
fkdje<elaúh yels
lreKls' jßka jr we;sjk
c, ysÕ;dj u; udi 3 1$2
jhia ldKavfha ù j.dj
fndfyda ÿrg fuu m%foaY
j, wid¾:l ùu isÿfõ'
tksid wvq c, m%udKhlska
j.d l< yels flá ld,Sk ù
m%fNaohkays wjYH;dj kshx
f.dúlï iÕrdj26
;;a;aj hgf;a jvd;a oeäj
mj;S' ;jo f;;a l,dmSh ù
j.dj ie,lSfïÈ wêl jeis
fya;= fldgf.k lkakh
wdrïN lsÍu m%udo ùu yd
.xj;=r ksid j.d ydks isÿjQ
l=Uqre i|yd kej; j.djg o
flá ld,Sk ù m%fNaohkays
wjYH;djh b;d by<
uÜgul mj;S'
oekg lDIsl¾u
fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska Bg 750" Bg 250" Bg 251 ^GSR&
yd Bg 252 hk udi 2 1$2
ldKavfha ù m%fNao y÷kajd
§ we;' bka Bg 750 m%fNaoh
f.dùka w;r t;rï m%p,s;
fkdjq w;r Bg 250 m%fNaoh
my;rg f;;a l,dmh
;=< t;rï ckm%sh;djhla
fkdolajhs' tneúka flá
ld,Sk ^Èk 90g wvq&
ù m%fNao y÷kajd§fï
wjYH;djhla §¾> ld,hl
isg mj;S' tf,iu kj ù
m%fNaohka f.dúuy;=ka
yd mdßfNda.slhka w;r
jvd;a m%p,s; lsrSu i|yd
wNsckkh flfrk kj ù
m%fNaohkays îc wjmeye ùug
Tfrd;a;= §u" frda. m<sfndaO
ydks wju ùu iy by<
wiajekafkka yd
.=Kd;aufhka hq;= ùu
jeks lreKq ms<snoj jvd;a
ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= fõ'
tneúka fuu
lreKq ish,a, wruqKq fldg
f.k ,nqÿj ù m¾fhaIK
ia:dkfha udi 2 1$2 ù
m%fNao wNsckkh lsÍfï
m¾fhaIK l%shdj,sh isÿ fl-
reKs' fuysÈ wïn,kaf;dg
f.dú lafIa;%fhka fidhd
.ekqKq At 04 fláld,Sk
ù cdk ma,diauh Wmfhda.S
fldg f.k Ld 8-15-
30 f,i jrKhla f;dard
.ekSu isÿ flßKs' fuu
m%fNaoh ,nqÿj ù m¾fhaIK
ia:dkfhaÈ wiajkq mÍlaIK
j,go" m%fNao wkqj¾;s;
mÍlaIK hgf;a ,xldj mqrd
we;s m¾fhaIK lafIa;%j,
yd f.dú lafIa;% j,o
mÍlaIdjg Ndckh flreKs'
tu mÍlaIKhkaysÈ
by< iqÿiqlï fmkajQ fuu ù
m%fNaofha mj;sk .=Kd;auh"
wkqj¾;s;djh yd f.dùka
w;r mj;sk b,a,qu i,ld
n,d Ld 253 f,i 2016
j¾Ifha§ Y%S ,xldj mqrd
j.djg ks¾foaY lsÍu isÿ
lrk ,È'
Ld 253 ù m%fNaoh
uqrekalka m%foaYfhaÈ
fylagdrhg fgdka 10'1 l
by< wiajekakla j¾;d l<
w;r f;;a l,dmfhys by<
wiajekak fylagdrhg fgdka
4'73 la jq w;r th Wl=fj,
m%foaYfhka jd¾;d úh'
;jo fuu ù m%fNaoh úh<s
l,dmfha § idudkH wiajekak
fylaghdrhg fgdka 4'78
la jd¾;d l< w;r f;;a
l,dmfha È th fylaghdrhg
fgdka 3'53 la fõ'
b;d by<
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uOHia: È.á iy,a iys; ù
m%fNaohla jk fuys
uOHia: weuhsf,dia
m%udKhla wvx.= jk
w;r msiq n; uDÿ
iajNdjfhka hqla; fõ' tu
ksid wdydrhg .ekSug we;s
jk reÑh jeäh' iy,a wegh
isyska È.á iajNdjhlska
hqla; jk w;r mdßfNda.sl
wdl¾IKh by<uÜgul
mj;S' iy,a msiSfï§ È. w;g
n;a weg j, Èla ùu isÿjk
ksid msiq n; ndiau;s n;a jeks
iajNdjhla .kS' ;jo
n; ms¿kq fkdù meh
12lg jeä ld,hla
;nd .ekSfï yelshdjla
48 ldKavh - 03 l,dmh 27
mj;s' fuu m%fNaofha iy,a
msiQ miq n;a j, meyeh" iqj|
yd rih wdÈh i|yd jk
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haÈ 90] jeä by< m%sh;djhla
jd¾;d lsÍug iu;a úh'
Ld 253 ù m%fNaofha
iskala" hlv yd fm%daàk hk
fmdaIH mod¾: wka;¾.;h
i|yd úYaf,aIKh isÿ flreKq
w;r tajdfha m%udKh ^iskala
26'1 ppm" hlv 38'75
ppm yd fm%daàk 6'02]&
,nq¥j ù m¾fhaIK
ia:dkfhka ks¾foaYs;
wfkl=;a udi 03 1$2 ù
m%fNaohka yd
ikaikaokd;aul uÜgul
mej;sKs'
frda. yd m<sfndaO
ydks ie,lSfïÈ fuu
m%fNaoh îc wjmeyeùu
i|yd by< m%;sfrdaë;djhla
olajhs' f.dla ueiaidf.a"
ÿUqreme< lSvEjdf.a ydksh
yd fld< md¿j i|yd
uOHia: m%;sfrdaë njla
Wiq,hs' fÊHIaG wNsckk
m¾fhaIK ks,OdÍ Ô'ta'
ðkodi uy;df.a yd ld¾h
uKav,fha odhl;ajfhka
,nq¥j ù m¾fhaIK ia:dkh
uÕska y÷kajd ÿka fuu
ù m%fNaoh f;;a l,dmSh
m¾fhaIK ia:dkhla úiska
jeä ÈhqKq fldg ks¾foaY
lrk ,o m<uq Èk 90 g
wvq flá ld,Sk ù m%fNaoh
fõ' fuu m%fNaoh úh<s
l,dmfha we;sjk wvq c,
;;a;aj hgf;a o f;;a
l,dmfha .xj;=r iy wêl
jeis fya;=fjka lkakh
mudjQ úg o flá ld,Sk ù
m%fNaohla f,i Ndú;d l<
yels wk.s y÷kajd §uls'
tï' iS' ñ,a,ú;dkÉÑ
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fÊ' fmdkakïfmreu wdrÉÑ
tï' ta' whs' ridka;s
hQ' ta' fÊ' r;akdhl
hq' tÉ' fla' ffjoHkd:
tia' tï' iS' tka o is,ajd
jhs' fÊ' moaud
jhs' tï' iS' yfrdaIdka
fla' fla' fÊ' jkaÈld
ù m¾fhaIK ia:dkh
,nqÿj
f.dúlï iÕrdj28
2017 ASDAm¾fhaIK m;%sld
weiqßKs
² ye|skaùu
c,fha .=Kd;aufhka
fnda.hkaf.a ksIamdos;;djhg
jk wys;lr n,mEu wju lr
.ekSu Wfoid .; hq;= kshñ;
mdxY= l<ukdlrK ms<sfj;a
iïmdokh lr .ekSu i|yd
fnda.hka fj; iemfhk jdß
c,fha iy tu fnda. ia:dmkh
lr we;s N+ñfha fkd.eUqre N+.;
c,fha .=Kd;aufhys ld,dkqrEmS
iy ia:dkSh úp,H;djhka
ms<sn|j wOHhkh lsÍu b;d
jeo.;ah' fï i|yd uyje,s
zztÉZZ l,dmfha ù yd w;sf¾l
wdydr fnda. j.d moaO;shl
jdß c,fha" c,jyk c,fha iy
j.d N+ñfha fkd.eUqre N+.;
c,fha .=Kd;aufha ld,dkqrEmS
iy ia:dkSh úp,H;djhka
wOHhkh lsÍu i|yd
m¾fhaIKhla Èh;a lrk ,§'
² l%ufõoh
wOHhk lafIa;%hkaf.a msysàu
iy wOHk ld,iSudj
l,djej c, uQ,dY%fha
jdß c,h iemfhk uyje,s
zztÉZZ l,dmhg wh;a ;,dj
yd .,akEj m%foaYj, msysá
ù - w;sf¾l wdydr fnda. j.d
rgdjla l%shd;aul lrk l=Uqre
bvï folla fuu wOHhkh
i|yd f;dard .kakd ,§' uy
lkakh ksfhdackh lsÍu i|yd
2014 j¾Ifha ckjdß isg ud¾;=
udihkays§;a" h, lkakh
ksfhdackh lsÍu i|yd tu
jif¾u cQks ui isg iema;eïn¾
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úYaf,aIK lghq;= i|yd
tla/ia lrk ,oS'
rEmigyk 1 - isÿre iys; mS'ù'iS' k,
ia:dms; lrk ,o ia:dk i,l=Kq lr
mj;sk ^w& ;,dj iy ^wd& .,akEj
wOHhk mrsY%hkaf.a pkaøsld PdhdrEm
^w&
48 ldKavh - 03 l,dmh 29
tu f;dard.;a l=Uqre bvï j,g
wod, fl;a we<j,ska" c,jyk
we< ud¾. j,ska iy ia:dms;
lrk ,o isÿre iys; mS'ù'iS'
k, j,ska iEu c, uqrhlg
jrla ne.ska c, idïm, tla/ia
lr .kakd ,oS'
c, idïm, úYaf,aIKh lsÍu
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.ksñka c, idïm, j, úoHq;a
ikakdhl;djh" mS'tÉ' w.h"
fidaähï" le,aishï" ue.akSishï
iy fmdgEishï whk
idkaøKhka kS¾Kh lrk ,o
w;r zzfidaähï weífidamaIka
j.=j 1 - ;,dj (n = 8 - 14) iy .,akEj (n = 8 - 12) mrsY%hkaf.a 2013$14 uy iy 2014 h, lkak j,oS fl;a we< ud¾.j, iy
fCIa;%fha c,jyk we< ud¾.j, c,fha uOHkH úoHq;a ikakdhl;djhka" mS' tÉ' w.hka" fidaähï whk idkaøKhka" le,aishï
whk idkaøKhka" ue.akSishï whk idkaøKhka" fmdgEishï whk idkaøKhka iy "SAR" w.hka
mrdñ;slh m%Njh;,dj .,akEj
2013$14 uy 2014 h, 2013$14 uy 2014 h,
úoHq;a ikakdhl;djh
^ógrhg fvis iSukaia&
fl;a we< ud¾.h 0.31 b 0.26 b 0.33 b 0.28 b
c,jyk we< ud¾.h 0.53 a 0.57 a 0.60 a 0.66 a
mS' tÉ'fl;a we< ud¾.h 8.1 a 7.9 a 8.1 a 7.9 a
c,jyk we< ud¾.h 7.6 b 7.8 a 7.7 b 7.5 b
fidaähï
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fl;a we< ud¾.h 12.6 b 19.1 b 19.8 a 16.0 b
c,jyk we< ud¾.h 30.7 a 45.1 a 28.2 a 41.3 a
le,aishï
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fl;a we, ud¾.h 8.0 a 7.9 a 8.2 a 7.9 a
c, wmjyk we, ud¾.h 7.6 b 7.8 a 7.6 b 7.5 b
ue.akSishï
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fl;a we< ud¾.h 61.4 b 103.7 b 90.1 b 64.4 b
c,jyk we< ud¾.h 139.7 a 130.8 a 105.0 a 156.2 a
"SAR"fl;a we< ud¾.h 0.3 b 0.4 b 0.4 a 0.5 b
c,jyk we< ud¾.h 0.5 a 0.8 a 0.6 a 0.8 a
fmdgEishï
^,Sgrhg ñ,s.%Eï&
fl;a we< ud¾.h 6.6 a 4.2 a 5.7 a 5.1 a
c,jyk we< ud¾.h 6.4 a 2.9 b 4.7 a 3.9 aiudk bx.S%is wËrhka iu.ska olajd we;s uOHkakh w;r p = 0.05 uÜgfï§ meyeos,s fjkila ke;'
f¾Isfhda˜ (Sodium Absorption
Ratio - SAR) w.hka .Kkh
lrk ,§'
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;,dj iy .,akEj
m%foaY foflys wod, wOHhk
fCIa;%j, fl;a we< j,ska
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wod, c,jyk we< ud¾. j,
c,jyk c,fhys úYaf,aIKh
lrk ,o c,fha .=Kd;auh
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w.hka j.= wxl 2 uÕska o olajd
we;'
^wd&
úYaf,aIKh i|yd c, idïm,
tla/ia lsÍu
f;dard .;a l=Uqre
bvï j, fkd.eUqre N+.; c,
idïm, tla/ia lr .ekSug
N+ñfha wdk;sh wkqj by< isg
my<g jk mßos isÿre iys;
mS'ù'iS' k, ia:dk.; lrk ,§'
f.dúlï iÕrdj30
j.=j 2 - ;,dj (n = 12-21) iy .,akEj (n = 12 - 18) mrsY%hkaf.a 2013$14 uy iy 2014 h, lkak j,oS fkd.eUqre
N+.; c,fhys uOHkH úoHq;a ikakdhl;djhka" mS' tÉ' w.hka" fidaähï whk idkaøKhka" le,aishï whk idkaøKhka"
ue.akSishï whk idkaøKhka" fmdgEishï whk idkaøKhka iy "SAR" w.hka
mrdñ;slh mS'ù'iS' k,h;,dj .,akEj
2013$14 uy 2014 h, 2013$14 uy 2014 h,
úoHq;a ikakdhl;djh
^ógrhg fvis isukaia&
by< 0.38 b 0.31 b 0.51 a 0.30 c
uOHu 0.40 b 0.34 b 0.62 a 0.72 b
my< 0.75 a 0.68 a 0.64 a 0.95 a
mS' tÉ'
by< 6.9 b 7.2 b 7.1 b 7.3 b
uOHu 7.0 b 7.3 b 7.2 ab 7.5 a
my< 7.4 a 7.6 a 7.4 a 7.6 a
fidaähï
^,Sgrhg ñ,s.%Eï&
by< 14.7 b 19.3 b 23.1 b 22.4 b
uOHu 16.7 b 23.4 b 49.4 a 29.7 b
my< 43.9 a 62.5 a 30.1 b 40.0 a
le,aishï
^,Sgrhg ñ,s.%Eï&
by< 6.9 c 7.2 b 7.2 a 7.3 b
uOHu 7.0 b 7.3 b 7.4 a 7.5 a
my< 7.7 a 7.5 a 7.4 a 7.4 ab
ue.akSishï
^,Sgrhg ñ,s.%Eï&
by< 69.6 b 91.7 b 121.3 b 143.5 a
uOHu 80.5 b 103.0 ab 150.6 ab 95.7 a
my< 100.1 a 111.9 a 177.9 a 101.9 a
"SAR"
by< 0.4 b 0.5 b 0.5 b 0.4 c
uOHu 0.4 b 0.5 b 0.9 a 0.8 b
my< 0.9 a 1.3 a 0.5 b 1.2 a
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my< 5.0 a 1.6 b 4.3 a 2.4 a
iudk bx.S%is wËrhka iu.ska olajd we;s uOHkakh w;r p = 0.05 uÜgfï§ meyeos,s fjkila ke;'
rEmigyk 3 - c, idïm, tla/ia lsrSurEmigyk 2 - isÿre iys; mS'ù'iS' k, fCIa;%fha ia:dms; lsrSu
48 ldKavh - 03 l,dmh 31
wOHhkh l%shd;aul
lrk ,o uyje,s uydjdß
jHdmdrhg wh;a ;,dj
iy .,akEj hk m%foaY
foflys f;dard .;a ù" w;sf¾l
wdydr fnda. j.d rgd
moaO;sfhys jdßc,fha"
c,jyk c,fha iy fnda.
hka ia:dms; N+ñfha fkd.eUqre
N+.; c,fhys úoHq;a
ikakdhl;djhka" mS'tÉ' w.hka"
fidaähï whk idkaøKhka"
le,aishï whk idkaøKhka iy
'SAR' w.hka f,dal wdydr
yd lDIsl¾u ixúOdkh úiska
jdrS c,h i|yd ks¾foaYs; tu
mrdñ;slhkaf.a iïu; m%udK
mrdihka ^j.=j 3& ;=< msysgd
we; ^j.=j 1 yd 2&'
j.=j 3 - f,dal wdydr yd lDIsl¾u
ixúOdkh u.ska m%ldYs; jdß c,fha
.=Kd;auh ms<sn|j jeo.;ajk
mrdñ;slhkaf.a mj;sk idudkH w.hka
(FAO, 1985)
mrdñ;slh
jdß c,fhys
mj;sk
idudkH
w.hka
úoHq;a
ikakdhl;djh
^ógrhg fvis
isukaia&
< 0.7
mS' tÉ' 6.0 - 8.4
fidaähï
^,Sgrhg ñ,s.%Eï&0 - 900
le,aishï
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ue.akSishï
^,Sgrhg ñ,s.%Eï&0 - 60
"SAR" 0 - 3
fmdgEishï
^,Sgrhg ñ,s.%Eï&0 - 2
wOHhk lghq;= isÿ
lrk ,o 2013$14 uy iy 2014
h, lkak fol mqrdjgu jd¾;d
jQ wod, c, m%Njhkaf.ka
,nd.;a c,fha ue.akSishï iy
fmdgEishï whk idkaøKhka
f,dal wdydr yd lDIsl¾u
ixúOdkh uÕska m%ldYhg m;a
lr mj;sk jdß c,fha yuqjk
idudkH m%udKhkag ^j.=j 3&
idfmalaIj by< w.hla
fmkakqï lrkq ,nhs ^j.=j 1 yd
2&'
;jo c,jyk we<
ud¾. j,ska ,nd.;a c,jyk
c,fha iy N+ñfha my< nEjqï
fldgisska ,nd.;a fkd.eUqre
N+.; c,fha fidaähï iy
ue.akSishï whk idkaøKhka
idfmalIj by< w.hla
fmkakqï lrk ,o w;r ^j.=j
1 yd 2& tu ;;a;ajhka mi
;=< isÿjk tu whkhkaf.a
;sria yd isria ixprkhkag
ke;fyd;a mdxY= moaO;sfha isg
N+ c, moaO;shg iy c,jyk
c, moaO;shg isÿjk
ixprKhkag idlaIs imhkq
,nhs' lkak fol ;=<oSu fl;a
we< ud¾. j,ska imhk ,o
jdß c,fhys mS'tÉ' w.hka"
le,aishï iy fmdgEishï whk
idkaøKhka idfmalIj by<
w.hla .kakd ,oS ^j.=j 1&'
mßYS,kh (
FAO. 1985. Water quality
for agriculture, irrigation and
drainage. R. S. Ayers and D.
W. Westcot. Irrigation and
Drainage Paper 29. FAO,
Rome.
wd¾' ta' iS' fþ' fmf¾rd"fCIa;% fnda. m¾fhaIK
yd ixj¾Ok wdh;kh"
uyb¨mam,a,u
hQ' ví' tA' ú;drK"lDIsl¾u mSGh"
fmardfoKsh úYaj úoHd,h"
tka' wd¾' ta' kjr;ak"fCIa;% fnda. m¾fhaIK
yd ixj¾Ok wdh;kh"
uyb¨mam,a,u
f.dúlï iÕrdj32
t<j¨ ksIamdokh i|yd
rgg wjYH lrk fndfydauhla
fmdfydr j¾." wêl
úhoula ord rch úiska
furgg f.kajd iykodhS f,i
f.dùka w;g m;a lrkq ,nhs'
iuyr f.dùka úiska fuu
fmdfydr wl%uj;a yd wêl f,i
mig fhdoñka wiajkq jeälr
.ekSfï W;aidyhl fhfoa'
fujka l%shdldrlï fi!LHuh
yd mdßißl .eg¨ rdYshlg ;=vq
oS we;' wêl f,i f.dú ìï j,g
fhdok fmdfydr wmOdjh yd
CISrKh uÕska c,ud¾. Tiafia
f.dia c, m%Nj wmú;% lrkq
,nhs' fuysoS mdßißl ;=,kh
ì| jefÜ' tfukau m%udKh
blaujd îug .kakd c,fha
oshù we;s khsfÜ%Ü jeks whk
j¾. uÕska oreKq frdA.dndO
;;a;aj we;s úh yel' ;jo
fmdfydr j, wmøjH f,i ;sìh
yels ner f,day øjH uÕska mi
yd c,h ¥IKh ùug;a tuÕska
wmf.a fi!LHhg ;¾ckhla
we;sùug;a yel' fujka fndfyda
ldrK fya;=fjka mdßfNda.slhska
jiúfika f;dr wdydr
rgdjla i|yd fhduqfjñka mj;S'
óg úi÷ula f,i j¾;udkfha
f,dalfha fndfyda rgj,a ffcj
fmdfydr Ndú;hg fhduq
fjñka mj;S' ffcj fmdfydr
hkq mfiys iajNdúlj Ôj;a
jk ys;lr CIqø Ôùka fhdod
.ksñka mfiys idrj;a nj
jeälr fnda. j,g wjYH
fmdaIKh ,nd oSu i|yd fhdod
.kakd CIqø Ôùka wvx.= øjHhls'
f,dj wka rgj,a
úúO ffcj fmdfydr
tkï khsg%cka ;sr lrk
fmdiamria iy fmdgEishï
t<j¨ fnda. j.dj i|yd khsg%cka imhk
ffcj fmdfydrla f,i nelaàßhdkq wduql+,khla
2017 ASDAm¾fhaIK m;%sld
weiqßKs
l=uqÿ kjr;ak" WoHdk fnda. m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok wdh;kh" .kafkdarej
48 ldKavh - 03 l,dmh 33
oshlrk yd Ydl j¾Ok
fyda¾fudak ksl=;a lrk CIqø
Ôùka fhdod .ksñka úúO
ffcj fmdfydr ksIamdokh
lrkq ,nhs' tfukau fuu
fmdfydr úYd, wkaoñka
f,dal fj<|fmdf<ys yqjudre
fjñka Ndú;hg .efka'
wm rfgys fj,|fmdf<yso
furg ksIamdos; ffcj
fmdfydr ;rula ÿrg we;' kuq;a
ridhksl fmdfydr fuka
ffcj fmdfydr wdkhkh
lsÍu kS;sh uÕska wjysr lr
we;' Bg fya;=j" CIqø Ôùka hkq
mshú weiska oelsh fkdyels
Ôùka fldgila jk w;r
Tjqkaf.a ls%hdldrlï ir,
;dlaIKh WmfhdA.s lr.ksñka
wOHhkh l< fkdyels ùuhs'
Tjqkaf.a mej;au yd Ôjk
rgdj mj;sk mdßißl idOl yd
;;a;aj i|yd iqúfYaIs jk w;r
wd.ka;=l mßir ;;a;aj j,oS
Tjqkaf.a l%shdldrlï fjkia
úh yel' iuyr wjia:d j,
osS tla mßirhlg ys;lr jk
Ôùka ;j;a mßir ;;ajhloS tys
jik ys;lr Ôùkag ;¾ckhla
jk wjia:d o we;' fujeks oE
wm i;= ir, ;dlAIKh uÕska
ksrdjrKh lr .; fkdyel'
fï ksid hï mßirhlg wjYH
ys;lr Ôùka tu mßirfhkau
fjka lr .=Kkh lr kej; tu
mßirhgu fhdod .ekSu ffcj
fmdfydr Ndú;fha oS jeoy;a
yd ie,lsh hq;= isoaOdka;hls'
tneúka wdkhksl ffcj
fmdfydr Ndú;h m%;sM, rys;
yd ydks odhl úh yel' tu ksid
wmg wjYH ffcj fmdfydr
wm mßirfhkau ksiaidrkh
lr .;a CIqø Ôùka uÕska
ksIamdokh lr .; hqq;=h' fï
wkqj tla tla mßir ;;a;ajhka
i|yd khsg%cka ;sr lrk
fmdiamria iy fmdgEishï
oshlrk yd Ydl j¾Ok
fydafudak ksl=;a lrk CIqø
Ôùka wod, mrsirfhkau
ksiaidrkh lr .=Kkh lr
ffcj fmdfydr f,i ilia
lr fnda. i|yd fhdod .;
hq;=fõ' tfiau tu ffcj
fmdfydr úúO fnda. iy úúO
m%foaY i|yd WÑ; wkqÑ; nj
m¾fhaIK uÕska ;yjqre lr
.; hq;= fõ'
fujka .eg¨ yd
lreKq uq,a lr.ksñka t<j¨
fnda. j.dj i|yd khsg%cka
imhk ffcj fmdfydrla f,i
nelaàßhdkq wduql+,khla ilia
lsÍug wruqK lr .kakd ,oS'
^fujka lreKq i,ld n,d
.kafkdArej WoHdk fnda.
m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok
wdh;kfha mdxY= ridhk úoHd
wxYfha CIqø Ôù tallh uÕska
khsg%cka ;sr lrk CIqø Ôùka
wduql+,khla úYaf,aKh lr
we;'&
l%ufõoh
m%:ufhkau fuu
m%foaYfha tkï .kafkdrej
^WM2b lDIs foaY.=K
l,dmfhys& mfiys jefjk úúO
Ydl j¾. /il tkï ;lald,s"
ñßia" f.dajd" flfi,a" ynr,"
;ïm,d" f.dgqfld, wdosfhys
uq,a wdY%s; mia kshos tla lr
.kakd ,o’' wk;=rej mdxY= CIqø
Ôùka ksiaidrKh lsÍu i|yd
wvq WIaK;aj hgf;a .nvd lrk
,oS' khsg%cka ;sr lrk mdxY=
CIqø Ôùka ksiaidrKh lsÍu
i|yd úfYaIs; jQ >k fmdaIl
udOHhla wdOdrfhka tla tla
ksheosfha jQ khsg%cka ;sr lrk
mdxY= nelaàßhd ksiaidrkh lr
jeãug wjYH mßir idOl
imhk ,os' fuf,i j¾Okh
jk nelaàßhdkq ckmo j,
.yk >k;ajh yd ¾Ok fõ.h
wkqj iqÿiq j¾. jrKhlg
,la lr kej; kej;;a >k
fmdaIl udOHh wdOdrfhka msßisÿ
taldldr .ykh;a ,efnk f;la
lSm j;djla ksiaidrKh lrk
,os’ wjidkfha b;d msßisÿ yd
taldldr .yk y;rla ynr,
flfi,a mqjla yd fldia hk
Ydl uq,a wdY%fhka ,nd .kakd
,os' tajd alo, ban, are, jack f,i
ir,j kdulrKh lrK ,oS'
wk;=rej fudjqkaf.a khsg%cka
;sr lsÍfï ld¾hlaIu;dj uek
f.dúlï iÕrdj34
ne,Su wjYH úh' fï i|yd
wka rgj,a b;d by, ;dlaIK
l%ufõo Ndú;d l<o fuysoS ta
i|yd ir, l%u fõohla Ndú;d
lrk ,oS' tkï ksiaidrKh
lrk ,o tu nelaàßhd .yk
fjka jYfhka øj fmdaIl udOH
;=< j.d lr øj fmdfydrla
f,i ilia lr fnda. j,g
fhdod tys úúO j¾Ol mrdñ;Ska
úYaf,aIKh lrk ,oS' fï
i|yd .yk >k;ajh jeä lr
.ekSu;a" kej; kej; udOH
udre lrñka tu .yk j,
mú;%;djh wdrlaId lr ;yjqre
lr .ekSu;a b;d jeo.;a úh'
ke;fyd;a jd;fha yd wjg
mßirfha Ôj;a jk fjk;a
CIqø Ôùka uÕska tu fmdfydr
wdidokh ù úkdY úh yel'
fï wdldrhg øj
udOHfha ilia lr j¾Okh lr
.;a tla tla nelaàßhd .yk
f;dard .;a t<j¨ fnda. lsysmhla
j.dlsÍu i|yd Ndú;d flßk'
tkï ud¨ñßia" ;lald,s" ngq
yd nKavlald j.d i|yd
fhdod .eKsk' fuysoS khsg%cka
fmdaIlfha Ok md,lh i|yd
lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=
ks¾foaYs; hQßhd fmdfydr
o RK md,lh f,i lsis÷
khsg%cka fmdfydrla Ndú;d
fkdlsÍuo isÿ l< w;r
fmdiamria yd fmdgEishï
fmdfydr lDIsl¾u
fomd¾;fïka;= ks¾foaYs;
wdldrhg ish,qu m%;sldrl
i|yd iemhsks' iEu
m%;sldrlhla i|ydu m%;sj,s;
6la Ndú;d l< w;r mQ¾K wyUq
l%uh ^Completely Randomized Design) fhdod .ksñka me<
.Dyh ;=< fmdaÉÑ Ndú;d
lrñka m¾fhaIKh isÿ lrk
,oS'
m%;sldrl
- T1 md,lh
^khsg%cka fmdfydr
fkdue;&
- T2 hQßhd muKls
- T3 Alo wduql+,kh
(Alocasia spp.)
- T4 Are wduql+,kh
(Arecanut (Areca cateshu))
- T5 Ban wduql+,kh
(Banana (Musa acumi-
nata))
- T6 Jack wduql+,kh
(Jackfruit (Artocarpushet-
erophyllus))
wjidkfha u,a msfmk
wjêfhaoS Ydl W÷rd
kejqï nr" úh,s nr" lf|ys
Wi m;% m%udKh yd wjfYdaIs;
khsg%cka m%udKh wdos mrdñ;Ska
ixLHdñ;slj úYaf,aYKh
lrk ,oS' tys m%;sM, wkqj iEu
nelaàßhdkq .ykhlau ie,lsh
hq;= m%udKhlska tu fnda.
j,g khsg%cka imhd we;s njg
ksÍlaIKh lrk ,oS'
by; m¾fhaIK
m%;sM, wkqj tla nelaàßhdkq
.ykhla muKla Ndú;d lr
tkï l| Ndú;d lr kej;;a
fuu m¾fhaIKh úúO hQßhd
uÜgï j,g wdfoaY lrñka
isÿlrk ,oS'
ta wkqj my; m%;sldrl
Ndú;d lrñka tla tla
m%;sldrlh i|yd m%;sj,s; 6
ne.ska fhdod .ksñka ud¨ñßia
CA 8 m%fNaoh me< .Dy ;=<
fmdaÉÑ Ndú;fhka j.d flreKq
w;r u,amsfmk wjêfhaoS Ydl
Wÿrd kejqï nr" úh<s nr" lf|ys
Wi m;% m%udKh wdos mrdñ;Ska
ixLHdñ;slj úYaf,aYKh
lrk ,oS' fuysoS o mQ¾K wyUq
l%ufõoh wkq.ukh lrk ,§'
m%;sldrl
- md,lh ^khsg%cka fmdfydr
fkdue;&
- 25] hQßhd iy wduql+,kh
- 50] hQßhd iy wduql+,kh
- 75] hQßhd iy wduql+,kh
- 100] hQßhd iy wduql+,kh
- wduql+,kh muKla
- hQßhd muKla
tys m%;sM, j.=j wxl 1
mßos fõ'
48 ldKavh - 03 l,dmh 35
j.=j 1 - ixnHdñ;slj
úYaf,aYKh lrk ,o mrdñ;sl
j, idudkH w.h me<hlg
jYfhka olajd we;'
m%;sM, úYaf,aIKh
by; m%;sM,
úYaf,aIKfhaoS mQ¾K úh,s nr
i|yd hQßhd 50% + wduql+,kh
iqúfYaIs f,i by< w.hla
fmkakqï lrk w;r khsg%cka
wjfYdaIKfha uOHkH w.h
o by< w.hla jd¾;d lr
we;' fï wkqj by< j¾Ok
w.hka fmkakqï lrk fuu
m%;sldrlh uÕska hqßhd uÕska
fyda fjk;a wdldrhlska imhk
fnda. khsg%cka wjYH;djfhka
50] l m%udKhla ,ndosh yels
njg ksÍlaIKh úh' tfukau
wduql+,kh yd hQßhd imhk
iEu wjia:djlu hQßhd
uÕska muKla fmkakqï l<
w.hkag jvd jeä w.hka
úYaf,aYs; mrdñ;Ska i|yd
jd¾;d lr we;' fï wkqj fuu
nelaàßhdkq wduql+,khg
tu fnda.fha khsg%cka
wjYH;djfhka 50% iemhSug
yels nj wkdjrKh úh'
ms,siaiQ oyhshd wÕ=re m%jdylhla f,i
øj udOHfha frdams;
nelaàßhd mßyrKh ;jÿrg;a
myiq lsÍu i|yd >k udOHhla
m%jdylhla f,i fhdod .ekSug
wjYH;djla mek ke.sk' fï
i|yd úúO øjH /ila Ndú;fha
mj;sk w;r ta w;ßka jvd;a
,dnodhS ms,siaiQ oyhshd w.=re
m%jdylhla f,i iqÿiqoehs
mÍlaId lrk ,oS' ta wkqj
ms<siaiQ oyhshd wÕ=re nelaàßhd
.ykh uÕska wduql=,kh lr
ld,h;a iuÕ Tjqkaf.a mej;au
ksÍlaIKh lrk ,oS' tuÕska
my; m%;sM, jd¾;d úh'
j.=j - 1
m%;sldrlhlf|ys Wi
^fikaáóg¾&
uqf,ys os.
^fikaáóg¾&
lf|ys nr
^.%Eï&
uq¨ úh<s nr
^.%Eï&
iïmQ¾K wjfYdaIs; khsg%cka j,
uOHhkak w.h ^me<hlg ñ,s.%Eï&
md,lh 69.32 b 24.72 d 3.6 b 4.56 b 5.57c
hQßhd 25] + wduql+,kh 88.4 a 28.85 dc 6.57 a 7.95 a 16.72 a
hQßhd 50] + wduql+,kh 90.82a 36.12 ab 6.68 a 8.41 a 16.95 a
hQßhd 75] + wduql+,kh 92.95a 38.2 a 5.55 a 7.15 a 15.4ab
hQßhd 100] + wduql+,kh 90.3 a 36.38a b 6.3 a 7.78 a 14.79ab
100] wduql+,kh 58.98 c 32.43 bc 2.78 b 3.86 b 4.97c
hQßhd 100] 71.43b 38.2 a 4.03 b 5.19 b 10.29b
j.=j 2 - ms,siaiQ oyhshd wÕ=rej,
wduql=,kh l< nelaàßhdkq
.yk >k;ajh ld,h iuÕ
fjkia jQ whqre
ld, mrdih
.yk >k;ajh
Colony forming units/ gram of BRH
udi 1 g miq 2.47 - 108
udi 2 g miq 2.35 - 108
udi 3 g miq 1.33 - 108
by; m%;sM, wkqj
udi 3 l ld, mrdihl
nelaàßhdkq .ykh ie,lsh hq;=
uÜgulska fkdfjkiaj
mj;ajd f.k hdug ms,siaiQ
oyhshd wÕ=rej,g yelshdj we;'
tneúka th iqÿiq nelaàßhdkq
m%jdylhka f,i Ndú;d l<
yel'
f.dúlï iÕrdj36
yskaÿ Nla;slhka úiska fuu Ydlh
fyda,s Ydlh (Holy plant) f,i o y÷kajkq
,nkqfha úIaKq foúhka i|yd fuu me<Eáh
Ndú;d lrñka wd.ñl j;dj;a lrñka
jkaokdudk lrk fyhsks' ;=,ais
me<Eáhla fkdue;s ñÿ,la iys; f.hla
wiïmQ¾K ksjila f,i i,lk ;rugu
th Tjqka w;r m%p,s; nj i|yka fjhs'
úIaKq yd l%sYaKd foúhka fj; msfok mQckSh
Ydlhla f,i i,lk jdikdj f.kfok me<Eáhla
f,i bkaoshdkq ck iudch ;=< .Dyia:j j.d lrkq
,nk—;=,ais˜ kñka y÷kajkq ,nk ;,d úfYaIhla
m,;=re ueiaid md,kh i|yd fhdod .; yels nj
wÕ=Kfld<me,eiai Y%S ,xld lDIsl¾u úoHd,hSh
uQ,sl fËa;% wOHhkhloS wkdjrKh lr.; yelsúh'
48 ldKavh - 03 l,dmh 37
bkaoshdfõ ;=,aishk
kdufhkao Y%S ,xldfõ
;,d hkqfjka o fmdÿ
jHjydrfha fhfok fuu
mE<Eáh ,eñfhaisfha
^Lamiaceae) l=,hg yd Tisuï
^Ocimum) >Khg wh;ajk
w;r WoaNso úoHd;aulj
Tisuï fgkqhsmaf,drï
^Ocimum tenuiflorum&
fyda Tisuï iekalagï
^Ocimum sanctum& f,i
y÷kajkq ,nhs'
;=,ais Ydl j,
b;d w;HdjYH iq.kaOj;a
f;,a wvx.= jk w;r tajd
Euginol, Methyl euginol,
Caryophyllene f,i
kï lr we;' ;jo fuu
Ydlidrhkays m%;sTlaisldrl
.=K" m%;scSjl .=K" os,SrkdYl
yd nelaàßhdkdYl
.=K fukau úIîc
kdYl .=K we;s neúka
WK frda.h" oshjeähdj"
yDofrda." udkisl wd;;sh"
jl=.vq .,a" ms<sld jeks frda.
.Kkdjla iqj lsÍu ioyd
wdhq¾fõo T!IO ksIamdok
j,oS fhdod .kq ,nk nj
i|yka fjhs' fndfyda ;,d
úfYaIhka lDñ i;=ka
m,jdyrsk .=Kdx. oelajqjo
m,;=re ueiaikaa wdl¾Ykh
lr.ekSsfï úfYAI .=Kdx.
hla tla ;=,ais úfYAIhla i;=j
we;s nj;a tfia wdl¾Ykh
jkqfha m,;=re ueiaidf.a
msrsñ i;=ka muKla nj;a tu
wOHhkfhaoS ukdj meyeos,s
úh'
YS% ,xldfõ oelsh yels úúO ;,d úfYAI
ySka;,d ^m;% iy kgq ,d fld< meye;s&
uÿre ;,d
uy ;,d
m;% ,d fld, meye /,s iys;
ySka ;,d ^m;% ;o fld, meye;s kgq ,d oï&
uy;,d ^m;% ,d fld, meye;s&
m;% fld, meye /,s iys;
uy ;,d ^m;% ;o fld, meye;s&
f.dúlï iÕrdj38
fï wdldrhg
m,;=re ueiaidf.a úúO udos,s
(Bactocera spp.) fuu Ydlh
jgd tla /iajkq y÷kd.;
yels úh' Ydlfha mqIAm
msmSu iuÕ iajNdúlj ta
fj; fudjqka tla/ia jqjo
Ydl fldgia l=vd len,s
f,i fmdälr ;eîfïoS
fudjqka úYd, jYfhka talrdYS
jknj uQ,sl jYfhka fuu
wOHhkfha oS ksrSËKh úh'
mqIam mrd.kfhka
miq yg.kakd îc fïrSug
m%:u wjia:dfõoS Ydl fj;
tl;= jk ueiaika ixLHdj
wfkla wjia:djkag id-
fmaËj jeä nj;a Ydl
fldgia l=vd fldgia
j,g levQ úg blauKska
wdl¾Ykh jk nj;a
wOHhkfha§ fy<súh'
ta wkqj m,;=re ueis
W.=, i|yd ó;hs,a bhqcsfkda,a
(Methyl euginol) fjkqjg
wdfoaYlhla f,i ;=,ais me<Eá
fldgia ;eîu uÕska rxpq
jYfhka m,;=re ueiaidf.a
msrsñ i;=ka muK-
la tla /ialr .; yels
nj fuu wOHhkfhaoS
meyeos,s úh' ;=,ais me<Eá
fldgia l=vd len,s j,g lvd
fmdälr fyda ;,d fyda wUrd
.;a m,amhla f,i fyda ueis
W.=, i|yd Ndú;d lsÍfï§
ó;hs,a bhqcsfkda,a j,g
iudk jQ m%;sM, ,ndfoa'
ó;hs,a bhqcsfkda,a
fjkqjg wdfoaYlhla f,i
Ndú;d l< yelsùfuka úhoï
rys; l%uhla f,i;a mßir
ys;ldó l%uhla fukau
f.j;af;a j.d lsÍfuka
myiqfjka imhd .;
yelsùu;a jeks fya;= ksid
j¾;udkfha Woa.;ù
we;s m,;=re ueiaidf.ka
m,;=re krlaùfuka isÿjk
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we;'
bkaoshdfõ ;=,ais hk
kdufhkao ,xldfõ ;,d
hkqfjkao fmdÿ jHjydrfha
fhfok ;,d úfYAI .Kkdjla
;=,ais nSc
;=,ais Ydl j.d fCIa;%h
mqIam uxcß iys; lsks;s j,
m,;=re ueiaika tla?ia ù isák whqre
48 ldKavh - 03 l,dmh 39
Y%S ,xldfõ oelsh yels
w;r fuys jefvk
uÿre ;,d úfYaIh
fhdod .ksñka ÿï .eiaiùu
uÕska uÿrejka m,jdyeÍug
w;S;fha isg .%dóh ck;dj
mqreÿj isà' ;jo ySka
;,d iy uy ;,d f,i
jHjydrfha fhfok ;,d
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f,i Ndú;d lrhs' kuq;a Y%S
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m,;=re ueiaika wdl¾Ikh
lr .eksfï .=Kdx.h
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nyq jd¾Ysl cSjk
rgdjla we;s fuu ;=,ais
Ydlfha îc b;d myiqfjka
m%frdayKh isÿfjhs' îc
m%frdayKh i|yd osk
07 - 10 muK .; fjhs'
;=,ais Ydlh w;= fn§
fikaáóg¾ 75 - 90 muK
Wig jefvk w;r ish¿u
YdLd w.sia j, mqIAm
uxcß we;s ù îc ksmojhs'
îc b;d l=vdjk w;r me;,sh'
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´jd,dldr m;% fikaáóg¾ 5
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fyd¢ka ysre t<sh ,efnk
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bkaoshdfjka f.kajd jjkq
,nk fuu ;=,ais úfYAIh
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mqIAm uxcß j,ska hqla; fjhs'
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m;% iys; úfYAIh Y%S ;=,ais
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f,i;a y÷kajk nj i|yka
fjhs'
mQckSh fyda,s Ydlhla
f,i j.d lrk my; ioyka
fuu úfYAIh rEmdldrfhka
wOHhkh i|yd Ndú;d
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j.djkays wiajekak yd mfia
irenj wdrlaId lsrSu i|yd
ldnksl yd ridhksl fmdfydr
Ndú;d l, hq;= nj wm okakd
lrekls' flfia fj;;a úúO
miaj, ridhksl fmdfydr yd
ldnksl fmdfydr È.= ld,skj
Ndú;d lsÍu yd È.= ld,Skj ù
j.d lsÍu" ù j.dfõ wiajekak
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n,mdhso hkak ms<sn|
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mfia ridhksl fmdfydr
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ld,Skj Ndú;d lsÍu ù j.dfõ
wiajekak yd tu mfia irenj
flfrys n,mEu wOHhkh
lsÍfï m¾fhaIKhla ù
m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok
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48 ldKavh - 03 l,dmh 41
Ndú;hg f.k msysgqjd we;s
w;r tA u.ska fuu m%YAKhg
ms,s;=re fiùug wm W;aidy
lf,uq' fï ioyd m%;sldrl
f,i lsisu fmdfydrla fkdfh¥"
ldnksl fmdfydr muKla fh¥"
ridhksl fmdfydr muKla
fh¥ yd ldnksl yd ridhksl
fmdfydr folu fh¥ úYd,
m%udKfha ^j¾. óg¾ 100&
fldgq y;rla iA:dmkh lrk
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fgdka 5'54 la jQ w;r uy
lkakfha§ th 5'46 la úh'
wju wiajekak f,i fylaghd¾
tllg fgdka 2'7 l wiajekak
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idfmaCIj ldnksl fmdfydr
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wiajekak ishhg 32 lska by<
f.dia we;s w;r ridhksl
fmdfydr muKla yd ldnksl
fmdfydr iuÕ ridhksl
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jeäùula olakg fkd,enqKq
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isÿlsÍfïoS uqyqK ÿka ÿIalr;d
f,i i;s 2 la jQ me< i|yd
msÿre yd wuq .a,sßiSähd fld,
fhoSu jeä Y%uhla yd ld,hla
.;jk l%uhla f,i fmkqk;a
jqjukd ld,hgu tla jrla
muKla fhoSu isÿlsÍu ksid
th t;rï wd¾Ól n,mEula
we;s fkdlrhs'
i;s foflka folg
j,a u¾Okh lsÍu isÿl<;a
uq¿ j.d ld,h ;=<u j,a
u¾Okh md,lh ;=< muKla
isÿlsÍug isÿùu ;=< jiqka
fhoSu ;=,ska j,a u¾Okhg
jehjk Y%uh b;sß lr.;
yels nj fmfka'
tfukau úh<s
l,dmfha fndfydaÿrg
.sks;nd úkdY lrk msÿre
rfÜ wjYH;djhla fjkqfjkaa
m%fhdackj;aj Ndú;d lsÍug
yels nj fmkaùug fuu
m¾fhaIKfhka wmg yelsùu
wm ieu ,enQ ch.%yKhla
f,i;a is;uq'
fuu m¾fhaIK
isÿl, ld,iSudjka ;=<
fuh id¾:l lr .ekSu ;u
Y%uh yd ld,h leml, Ækq
wNsckk yd m¾fhaIK wxYfha
frdydka" jika;" pdkl"
ohdj;S" pïmsld" bkaødKs
hk uy;au uy;aóka o tu
ld,iSudj ;=< wm wxYhg
wkqhqla;j mqyqKqj ,enQ j.d
kv;a;= lghq;= yd o;a; ,nd
.ekSfï§ b;d úYd, iyfhda.
hla ,ndÿka ;s,dks" pdkl
yd l<Ks hk isiq ore oeßh-
kao b;d f.!rjfhka yd
lD;{;djfhka hq;=j isysm;a
lruq' tfiau m¾fhaIKh
i|yd uQ,H odhl;ajh ,ndÿka
KOPIA, Sri Lanka wdh;kho
f.!rjfhka isysm;a lruq'
î' whs' fyÜáwdrÉÑ
t,a' iS' is,ajd
tï' whs' úl%uisxy
fCIA;% fnda. m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok wdh;kh
uyb¨mam,a,u
48 ldKavh - 03 l,dmh 47
Y%S ,xldj ;=< ckm%sh
wdydr fnda.hla jk w¾;dm,a
kqjrt<sh iy nÿ,a, Èia;%slal
;=< m%Odk jYfhka j.d
flfrk w;r hdmkh iy
l,amsáh jeks m%foaY j, uy
lkakfha§ muKla j.dlsÍu
isÿ lrhs' j¾;udkfha
w¾;dm,a ksIamdok úhou
i,ld ne,Sfï§" uq¿ úhofuka
60]la - 70]la muK
w¾;dm,a ksIamdokh by<
kexùfï§ îc w¾;dm,a j,
by< ñ," w¾;dm,a j.dfõ
iSudldÍ idOlhla njg
m;a ù we;' îc w¾;dm,a
ksIamdokfha§ îc j,
m%ñ;Skag wkql+, fkdjk
kuq;a .=Kd;aufhka
by<" úYd, m%udKfha w,
^wiajekafkka 30] muK&
mdßfNda.sl w¾;dm,a
f,i wvq uqo,lg
fj<|fmd<g ksl=;a lsÍu
isÿ lrhs' fuf,i wvq ñ,g
mdßfNda.sl w¾;dm,a f,i
fj<|fmd<g ksl=;a lsÍu
j<lajd" lemQ w¾;dm,a
f,i îc i|yd Ndú;d l<
yels l%ufõohla iS;dt<sh
lDIsl¾u m¾fhaIK yd
ixj¾Ok uOHia:dkh uÕska
y÷kdf.k we;'
fj<|fmdf<ys idudkH
m%udKfha foaYSh îc
w¾;dm,a fydkavrhl ñ,
re' 9"000'00 la muK jqj;a
m%udKfhka úYd, îc w,
fydkavrhla re' 4"000'00 la
- 5"000'00 la w;r uqo,lg
mdßfNda.sl w¾;dm,a f,i
,nd .; yels fõ' úYd, îc
w¾;dm,a fydkavrhla lemSu
uÕska idudkH m%udKfha îc
w¾;dm,a fydkavrhl we;s
îc ixLHdjg iudk lemQ w,
ixLHdjla ,nd.; yelsh'
tfukau" úYd, îc w,
fydkavrhla lemSu i|yd
2017 ASDAm¾fhaIK m;%sld
weiqßKs
f.dúlï iÕrdj48
jeh jkafka re' 250'00 jeks iq¿ uqo,la neúka lemQ w¾;dm,a
j.dj uÕska idudkH îc w¾;dm,a i|yd jeh jk úhofuka
50] lg wdikak m%udKhlska wvq lr .; yel'
lemSug iqÿiq îc w¾;dm,a f;dard .ekSu
² nßka .%Eï 120la muK blau jQ w¾;dm,a w, fï i|yd
fhdod .; yelsh'
² îc f;dard .ekSfï§" frda. yd m<sfndaO j,ska f;dr
ksfrda.S îc muKla f;dard .ekSu isÿ l< hq;=h'
îc w¾;dm,a lemSu
² f;dard.;a îc w¾;dm,a m%frdayKh jQ miqj lemSu jvd;a
fhda.H fjhs'
² fï i|yd fyd|ska lefmk ^;shqKq& lemqï ;,hla Ndú;d
l< hq;=h'
² lemqï ;,h ÔjdkqyrKh lsÍu (
îc w¾;dm,a lemSug Ndú;d lrk lemqï ;,h 10]
úrxck ldrlhl ̂ fidaähï$ le,aishï yhsfmdalaf,darhsâ&
úkdä 10 la muK o" fojkqj msßisÿ c,fha ñks;a;= 1
muK o .s,ajd ;nd Ndú;d lsÍfuka lemqï ;,h uÕka
úI îc wdidokh ùu j<lajd .; yelsh'
² îc w,h lemSfï§ wju jYfhka tla fldgilg fudá
follaj;a ;sìh hq;= w;r fldgia folgu iudk fudá
ixLHdjla fn§ hk fia tla fldgila .%Eï 60 la muK
jk f,i Èla w;g lemqu fhÈh hq;=h'
² iEu lemqï jdr oyhlg jrla lemqï ;,h ÔjdkqyrKh
lsÍu wjYH jk w;r îc w, j, ksfrda.s nj wdrlaId
lr .ekSug tuÕska yels fjhs'
² lemqï uqyqK; fyd|ska ksÍlaIKh lsÍfuka miq frda.
ldrl j,ska f;dr kï fjka lrk ,o len,s fol" lemqï
uqyqK;a tlsfkl u; isákfia ;nd ^lemqï uqyqK;a
fjka fkdfldg& fyd¢ka jd;dY%h ,efnk ia:dkhl ;=kS
lr Èk y;rla muK ;eìh hq;=h' túg lemqï uqyqK;
u; úh<s wdrlaIs; mg,hla we;s ù mfiys we;s frda.
lemSug iqÿiq m%udKfha îc w¾;dm,a
îc w¾;dm, lemSu
lemqï u;=msg
48 ldKavh - 03 l,dmh 49
ldrl lemqï uqyqK; ;=<ska îch ;=<g we;=,a ùu
je<elaùu isÿ fjhs'
² îc w, lmk wjia:dfõ§" lemqï uqyqK;
fyd|ska ksÍlaIKh l< úg wjmeye.ekaù fyda
frda. widÈ; îchla f,i olakg ,efí kï th
jyd bj;a lr" lemqï ;,h ÔjdkqyrKh l<
hq;=h'
lemq w¾;dm,a isgqùu yd kv;a;=j
² w¾;dm,a j.dj i|yd lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=j
ks¾foaY lrk ,o l%ufõoh wkq.ukh lrñka"
lemQ w¾;dm,a isgqùu yd kv;a;=j isÿ l< yelsh'
² îc lemSfuka Èk y;rlg miq" isgqjk wjia:dfõ
lemqï uqyqK; mi u;g isák fia ;nd isgqùu
l< hq;= w;r wjYH muKg jvd mig c,h fh§u
fkdl< hq;=h'
² lemq w¾;dm,a j.dj j¾Idj wvq ld, i|yd ks¾foaY
flf¾'
idudkH îc w¾;dm,a ^nr .%Eï 50 - 60 muK
jk& isgqùfuka ,efnk wiajekakg iudk wiajekakla
úYd, îc w, lmd len,s f,i isgqùu uÕska ,nd
.ekSug yels nj ta ms<snoj isÿ lrk ,o m¾fhaIK
uÕska ;yjQre ù we;' idudkH îc w¾;dm,a j.dfjka
fylaghdrhg fgdka 27'64 l wiajekakla jd¾;d jQ
w;r lemq îc w¾;dm,a j.dfjka fylaghdrhg fgdka
27'1 la jd¾;d úh' lemQ w¾;dm,a j.dfõ id¾:l;ajh
i|yd m%fNaoh jeo.;a jk w;r Y%S ,xldj ;=, oekg
jvd;au ckm%sh w¾;dm,a m%fNaoh jk .%Efkda,d fï
ioyd jvd;a fhda.H nj y÷kdf.k we;'
wfudaod udhdlvqj
iyldr lDIsl¾u wOHCI ^m¾fhaIK&"
lDIsl¾u m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Ok uOHia:dkh"iS;dt<sh" kqjrt<sh"
fCIa;% ieliSu
lmk ,o nSc w¾;dm,a isgqùu
lmk ,o îc w¾;dm,a j,ka me< yg.ekSu
f.dúlï iÕrdj50
wdishdkq rgj,a fndfyduhla
fukau Y%S ,xldfõ
o m%Odk wdydrh n;a fõ'
wfma mi iy me<Eá úúO
iajNdúl fyda lD;Su wmøjH
u`.ska ¥IKh úh yelsh'
wm Ndú;d lrk fmdfydr
yd m<sfndaOkdYlj, ner
f,day wvx.=ùu fya;=fjka
tajd mßirhg tla úh yelsh'
;jo fuu ner f,day" lD;Su
fmdfydr fukau Ydl
fmdfydr j, wmøjH
jYfhka mej;sh yels njg o
jd¾;d ù we;'
;jo fuu ner
f,day ie,lSfï§ wdiksla
(As), u¾lß (Hg) leâñhï
(Cd), Bhï (Pb) wdÈhg úúO
úI ;;a;ajhka we;s l< yels
nj fmkajd § we;s w;r"
leâñhï (Cd), fl%dañhï
(Cr) yd wdiksla (As) ms<sld
ldrl f,io y÷kajd Èh
yelsh'
fujka miqìula ;=<"
m<sfndaOkdYl frðiag%d¾
ld¾hd,Sh ridhkd.drh
u`.ska uykqjr Èia;%slalfhka
,nd .kakd ,o iy,a idïm,
ner f,day i|yd úYaf,aIKh
lr iy,a mßfNdackh u`.ska
ms<s.;a fi!LH wdrCIl
iïu; lv jkafka oehs
fidhd ne,Sug mÍCIKhla
Èh;a lrk ,§'
idïm, ,nd .ekSu
fuysÈ idïm, ,nd
.ekSfï § úfYaIfhka jeä
ck.%yKhla Ôj;a jk
.`.jg fldar,h" l=Kavid,h"
hákqjr" Wvqkqjr" Wvm<d;
yd md;ÿïnr i|yd jeä
2017 ASDAm¾fhaIK m;%sld
weiqßKs
48 ldKavh - 03 l,dmh 51
wjOdkhla fhduq lrk
,§' iqmsß wf,úie,a we;=¨
fjf<| ie,a iuQyhlska fuu
idïm, ,nd .kakd ,§' fuu
idïm, ldKav 04 la hgf;A
j¾. lrk ,§' tkï fjf<|
kduh wkqj j¾. lrk ,o
iy,a" wdkhkh lrk ,o
iy,a j¾." idïm%odhsl iy,a
j¾. iy uykqjr m%foaYfha
j.d lrk ,o iy,a j¾.
jYfhks' fuys§ uykqjr
m%foaYfha foaYSh j.d lrk
iy,a idïm, úfYaIfhka
ù j.d lrkq ,nk
ñksfma" Wvqÿïnr" ueo
ÿïnr" md;ÿïnr" Wvqkqjr
yd md;fyajdyeg hk m%foaY
j,ska ,nd .kakd ,§' Bg
403 hk ù j¾.h jeä
jYfhka j.d lrk nj
fmKsks'
úYaf,aIKh lrk ,o
ner f,day
» wdiksla (As)
» leâñhï (Cd)
» Bhï (Pb)
» u¾lß (Hg)
» fif,kshï (Se)
ner f,day iïnkaO
Wmßu iSud
» fuys§ ukqIHhdg n,mdk
úI Ndjh wkqj (WHO/
FAO) f,dal wdydr
ixúOdkh$f,dal wdydr
yd lDIsl¾u ixúOdkh
uÕska iy,a j, ;sìh
yels Wmßu ner f,day
iSud jd¾;d lr we;'
fuu w.hka my; i|yka
j.= wxl 1 ka oelafõ'
j.=j 1
ner f,dayh
wvx.= úh yels
Wmßu ner f,day
m%udKh (Max. permissible
level/ MPL)
^lsf,da.%Euhg
ñ,s.%Eï&
As 0.2
Cd 0.2
Pb 0.2
Hg 0.1
Se 0.3
idïm, úYaf,aIKh yd
m%ÓM, idlÉPd lsÍu
iy,a idïm,
m<sfndaOkdYl frðiag%d¾
ld¾hd,Sh ridhkd.dr u`.ska
nerf,day i|yd úYaf,aIKh
lrk ,§' fuu ridhkd.drh
ner f,day úYaf,aIKh i|yd
ISO/IEC 17025 m%ñ;slrKh
,ndf.k we;'
iy,a idïm, whk
bj;a lrk ,o j;=frka
(de-ionized water) fidaod
úh<d l=vq lrk ,§' thska
.%Eï 0'2 l m%udKhla khsá%la
wï,h" yhsfvdlaf,dßla
wï,h yd yhsv%cka
fmfrdlaihsâ fhdod Micro
Wave digestive wdOdrfhka
ÔrKh (digest) lrk
,§' fufia ms<sfh, lr
.kakd ,o idïm, ICP-MS
(Inductive coupled plasma
Mass spectrometer) u`.ska
úYaf,aIKh lrk ,§'
fuys§ ,enqKq m%ÓM, my;
j.= wxl 2 ka f.dkq l<
yelsh'
f.dúlï iÕrdj52
j.=j - 2
ner f,day
ridhkd.dr
úYaf,aIKh
l< yels
iSud LOQ (mg kg-1)
wkqu; Wmßu
nerf,day
m%udKh (Max. permissible
level) (MPL) (mg/kg)
iy,a j¾.h idïm, .Kk
(No. of samples tested)
ner f,day wvx.=
idïm, .Kk (No. of positive samples ) (%)
(>LOQ)
ner f,day
idukH w.h (Mean
concentration) mg/kg
As 0.010 0.2
fjf<| kdu iys; 43 67% 0.0238±0.025
wdkhkh lrk ,o 09 56% 0.1303±0.227
idïm%odhsl iy,a 09 33% 0.0106±0.018
uykqjr m%foaYfha j.d lrk ,o 07 100% 0.0392±0.020
Pb 0.150 0.2
fjf<| kdu iys; 43 35% 0.139±0.283
wdkhkh lrk ,o 09 44% 0.1289±0.177
idïm%odhsl iy,a 09 44% 0.2111±0.317
uykqjr m%foaYfha j.d lrk ,o 07 0% <0.15
Cd 0.020 0.2
fjf<| kdu iys; 43 67% 0.0480±0.043
wdkhkh lrk ,o 09 56% 0.0417±0.054
idïm%odhsl iy,a 09 11% 0.0033±0.01
uykqjr m%foaYfha j.d lrk ,o 07 43% 0.0208±0.031
Hg 0.020 0.1
fjf<| kdu iys; 43 14% 0.0056±0.014
wdkhkh lrk ,o 09 11% 0.0223±0.067
idïm%odhsl iy,a 09 33% 0.0116±0.017
uykqjr m%foaYfha j.d lrk ,o 07 86% 0.0355±0.019
Se 0.200 0.3
fjf<| kdu iys; 43 2% 0.0046±0.03
wdkhkh lrk ,o 09 33% 0.4706±0.912
idïm%odhsl iy,a 09 0% <0.2uykqjr m%foaYfha j.d lrk ,o 07 0% <0.2
48 ldKavh - 03 l,dmh 53
Èklg YÍrhg oeßh
yels Wmßu ner f,day
m%udKh
(Tolerable Daily Intake – TDI)
JEFCA (Joint FAO/
WHO Expert Committee
on Food Additives) uÕskA
Èklg YÍr .;úh yels
Wmßu ner f,day m%udKh
ks¾Kh lr we;s w;r" th
my; j.= wxl 3 mßÈ oelaúh
yelsh'
j.=j 3
Wmßu ner f,day m%udKh ^ñ,s.%Eï&
^YÍrnr lsf,da.%eï 1g" osklg&
(TDI)(mg/kg bw/day x 10-3)
As 3.0(a)
Cd 3.5(b)
Pb 3.0(a)
Hg 0.57c
Se 5
(a) - The provisional tolerable
weekly intake (PTWI) of 21
µg/kg bw (equivalent to 3
µg/kg bw/day) according to
JEFCA (Joint FAO/WHO
Expert Committee on Food
Additives) (2010) (TRS 959)
(b) - PTMI 0.025 mg/kg bw
on a monthly basis according
to JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO
Expert Committee on Food
Additives) (2010) (TRS 960)
(c)- 4 µg/kg bw per week,
according to JECFA (Joint
FAO/WHO Expert Committee
on Food Additives) (2010)
(TRS 959)
(d)-Based on cardio-vascular
effects according to EFSA
(European Food Safety
Authority) (2010)
FAO/WHO CODEX Alimen-
tarius Commission and Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency
(EPA).
ridhkd.drfha
úYaf,aIKh lrk ,o
iy,a wdY%fhka Èklg
YÍr .;jk ner f,day
m%udKh ;SrKh lsÍu
(Estimated Daily Intake – EDI)
fuu .Kkh lsÍu
i|yd my; iólrKh
fhdod .kakd ,§'
EDI = ( Metal x Dir)/Bw
EDI - Èklg YÍr .;jk
ner f,day m%udKh"
Metal - úYaf,aIKh lrk
,o idïm,fha wvx.= ner
f,day idkaøkh ^úYaf,aIs;
w.h& (mg/kg)
Dir - Èklg mßfNdackh
lrkq ,nk iy,a m%udKh
(kg /day-1)
Bw – idudkH YÍr nr
ls'.%E (kg)
my; i|yka
Wml,amk Ndú;d lrk ,§'
- mqoa.,fhl= Èkl§
mßfNdackh lrk iy,a
m%udKh } .%eï 300
- mqoa.,fhl=f.a idudkH
we;s nr } ls%f,da .%eï 60
úYaf,aIKh lrk
,o iy,a idïm, i|yd
ks¾Kh lrk ,o EDI
w.hhka my; j.= wxl 4
mßÈ i|yka l< yelsh'
f.dúlï iÕrdj54
j.=j - 4
ner
f,day
Èklg wkqu; lrk
,o ner f,day
m%udKh Safer values of
TDI x 10-3(mg day-1 kg-1bw)
iy,a j¾.h
EDI
idukHh
(Mean) x 10-3
(mg day-1
kg-1bw)
EDI wju
(Min. ) x 10-3
(mg day1kg1bw)
EDI Wmr‘u
(Max.) x 10-3
(mgday-1kg 1bw)
TDI m%udKh
blaujk ,o
idïm, .Kk
^m%;sY;hla f,i&
No. of samples exceeded the
TDI
As 0.3
fjf<| kdu iys; 0.119 0.05 0.4765
01(1.47%)wdkhkh lrk ,o 0.6515 0.05 3.58
idïm%odhsl iy,a 0.053 0.05 0.256
uykqjr m%foaYfha
j.d lrk ,o0.196 0.076 0.409
Pb 1.5
fjf<| kdu iys; 0.695 0.75 6.505
01 11.76%
02
wdkhkh lrk ,o 0.6445 0.75 2.84
idïm%odhsl iy,a 1.0555 0.75 4
uykqjr m%foaYfha
j.d lrk ,o0.75 0.75 0.75
Cd 0.8
fjf<| kdu iys; 0.24 0.1 1
01 (1.47%)wdkhkh lrk ,o 0.2085 0.1 0.765
idïm%odhsl iy,a 0.0165 0.1 0.15
uykqjr m%foaYfha
j.d lrk ,o0.104 0.1 0.4115
Hg 0.57
fjf<| kdu iys; 0.028 0.1 0.3465
01 (1.47%)wdkhkh lrk ,o 0.115 0.1 1.005
idïm%odhsl iy,a 0.058 0.1 0.181
uykqjr m%foaYfha
j.d lrk ,o0.1775 0.1 0.3255
Se 5
fjf<| kdu iys; 0.02325 1 1
01 (1.47%)wdkhkh lrk ,o 2.353 1 13.43
idïm%odhsl iy,a 1 1 1
uykqjr m%foaYfha
j.d lrk ,o1 1 1
48 ldKavh - 03 l,dmh 55
fuys§ iy,a j,
mej;sh yels ner f,day
m%udKh ie,lSfï §"
wdkhksl iy,a idïm,a j,
ks¾Kh lrk ,o fif,akshï
m%udKh ^idudkH w.h& yd
idïm%odhsl iy,a j, wvx.=
Bhï m%udKhka ^idudkH
w.h& muKla wod, iy,a
j, mej;sh yels wod,
wkqu; Wmßu iSudjka
^MPL& blaujd we;'
;jo" YÍrhg oeßh
yels nerf,day m%udKhka
ie,lSfï §" iy,a idïm,a
j, wvx.= úYaf,aIKh lrk
,o ish`Mu ner f,dayhkays
idudkH w.h ie<lSfï §
ks¾Kh lrk ,o Èklg YÍr
.;jk ner f,day m%udKhka
^EDI& wod, YÍrhg oeßh
yels WmÍu iSudjka ^TDI&
fkdblau fõ'
kuq;a iy,a idïm,
j, ks¾Kh lrk ,o ner
f,dayhka ys WmÍu úYaf,aIs;
w.hka ie<lSfï § tu
w.hkag wod, Èklg YÍr
.;jk ner f,day m%udKhka
^EDI& YÍrhg oeßh yels
WmÍu ner f,day iSudjka
blaujk nj fmkShhs'
^tkï Bhï i|yd uq`M
idïm, m%udKfhka 12] lao"
wfkl=;a o ner f,day jk
wdiksla" leâñhï" riÈh
iy fif,akshï i|yd uq`M
idïm, m%udKfhka 2] lao"
f,i wod, WmÍu iSudjka
blaujd we;'& tkï Bhï
i|yd uq`M idïm, m%udKfhka
88] lao" wfkl=;a ner f,day
jk wdiksla" leâñhï"
riÈh iy fif,akshï i|yd
uq`M idïm, m%udKfhka 98]
lao" YÍrhg wys;lr fkdjk
;;a;ajhl mj;sk nj i|yka
l< yel'
ks.ukh
tneúka uykqjr
Èia;%slalfhka ,nd .kakd ,o
iy,a idïm, j, iuia:hla
f,i ner f,day wdrCIs;
iSudjka ;=< mj;sk nj lsj
yelsh'
iS' ud.uf.a
ví' tÉ' tï' iShQ' ffjoHr;ak
ví' mS' ta' mS' Okmd,
m<sfndaOkdYl frðiag%d¾
ld¾hd,h
ã' tï' mkïmsáh
Y%S ,xld úYaj úoHd,h" jhU
f,dalh úkdY jkafka
ÿIaG ñksiqkaf.a kmqre
l%shd ksid fkdj"
tajdg tfrysj
l%shdud¾. fkdf.k"
Tfya n,df.k isák
ñksiqka ksidfjks'
- we,an¾Ü whskaiaghska -
f.dúlï iÕrdj56
f,dalfha fndfyda
rgj, wE; w;S;fha mgka
m%frdayKh lrk ,o îc
(Sprout) wdydrhg .ekSu
iq<N ldrKdjla úh' tfy;a
80 oYlfha w. Nd.fha§
;rula j¾Okh jQ OdkH iy
t<j¿ j, <má me< wdydrh
i|yd tl;= jQ w;r tajd
Young Greens yd Baby
Greens kñka y÷kajkq
,enQy' tfy;a b;d flá
ld,hla ;=< úYd,
fmdaIH mod¾: m%udKhla
^le,ß" úgñka" LKsc ,jK"
;ka;= yd m%;sTlaisldrl$
Antioxidant) ,nd§ug
m%frdayKh ù i;shla folla
muK .;jQ îc me<
(Seedling) j,g by<
yelshdjla we;s nj
w¨;skau úoHd;aulj
;yjqre lr we;' fïjd
Microgreens hk kdufhka
y÷kajkq ,nk w;r fï
jk úg;a f,dalfha fndfyda
rgj, uyd mßudKfhka
ksIamdokh lr wdydr fïihg
f.k tau isÿlrhs'
fufia Microgreens
f,i rdnq" f.dajd j¾." i,do"
neis,a" îÜ" iQßhldka;"
lerÜ" uqx" lõms" rglcq"
fndaxÑ j¾." wn" lelsß"
jÜglald" msms[a[d wd§
fnda.hka Ndú;d l< yel'
fuu fnda.hkays îc b;d jeä
>K;ajhla hgf;a ilia l<
md;a;s fyda ;eá j, j.dlr
i;s 1 - 3 ;a ^Èk 10 - 21&
jeks b;d flá ld,hl§ mi
uÜgñka lmd wiajkq
fk,d .ekSu fuys ir,
l%ufõohhs' wiajkq fk,d
.kakd wjia:dj jk úg
fikaáóg¾ 2 - 6 muK
m%udKhlg fnda.h wkqj
j¾Okh ù ;sìh yels w;r
fndfyda úg <má l|" îc m;%
iy w¾O jYfhka j¾Okh
jQ i;H m;% hq.,hla ;sìh
yelsh' hqfrdamd rgj, iy
cmdkh" Ökh" ;dhs,ka;h
jeks wdishd;sl rgj, i,do"
iqma iy uia ud¿" OdkHuh
wdydr j¾. iuÕ ñY%j
48 ldKavh - 03 l,dmh 57
wdydrhg .ekSu isÿlrk
w;r óg wu;rj ;dhs,ka;h"
úhÜkduh jeks rgj, i,do
fyda jHxck ^Curry&" ue,a¨ï
f,i wdydrhg .ekSu o
isÿlrhs'
MicroGreens j.d lsÍu
Microgreens YS; rg
j, yß;d.dr fyda wdrlaIs;
.Dy ;=< md,s; ;;a;aj
hgf;a j.d lrk w;r" Y%S
,xldfõ mj;sk foaY.=Ksl
idOl u; fijK Ndú;d
lrñka újD; mßirfha jqjo
j.dl< yel' 60] - 80]
m%udKfha fijKla Ndú;d
lrñka wvq iQ¾hdf,dalh
hgf;a ndysr mßirfha
^Outdoor& j.d lsÍu iqÿiq jk
w;r .Dy ;=< ^Indoor& fyda
yß;d.dr ;=< jqjo furg j.d
lsÍfï yelshdj we;' j.d
udOHhka f,i Ôjdkqyß;
fldyqn;a" Ôjdkqyß;
fldïfmdaiaÜ Ndú;d l<
yels w;r l=vd îc i|yd
f.daks jeks c,h Wrd .kakd
u;=msgla iys; Wmia:ro
Ndú;d l< yel' j.d
udOHh f,i fndfyda rgj,
fl,skau mi Wmfhda.S
lr fkd.kakd w;r
tuÕsska frda. me;sÍfï hï
wjOdkula we;s fyhska mi
Ndú;d lrkafka kï b;d
fyd¢ka ÔjdkqyrKh lr
fhdod .; hq;=fõ' óg wu;rj
ks¾mdxY= ^Hydrophonic& j.d
udOH ;=<o Microgreens
b;d id¾:lj j.d lsÍug
yelshdj we;' j.d udOHhka
;ekam;a lsÍu i|yd ;eá"
ndialÜ wd§ WmlrK
fyda fldkal%SÜ" isfuka;s"
fmd,s;Ska fyda fjk;a
Wiia:rhla u; idod.;a
rduq ;=< ;ekam;a l< yelsh'
c,h iemhSu yd wfkl=;a
l%shdldrlï idudkH ;jdka
md,kfha§ fuka isÿl<
ye;s w;r fi!LHdrlaIs; yd
msßisÿNdjfhka b;d fyd¢ka
wdrlaId lr.; hq;=fõ' ;eá
u; fyda Wmia:rh u; îc
b;d jeä >K;ajhlska
<Õ <Õ fh§u isÿl<
hq;= fõ' by< >K;ajhla
hgf;a j¾Okh jQ îc me<
^Seedling& Èk 10 - 21 w;r
ld,hl§ Wmia:rh uÜgñka
lmd wiajkq fk,d .ekSu
isÿlrhs' ldnksl fmdfydr
jeks hula Ndú;d lrhs
kï lsisÿ fmdfydr
fh§ula isÿl< hq;=
f.dúlï iÕrdj58
fkdue;s w;r wjYH kï
ldnksl fmdfydrla ^øùh
udOHfhka& tl;= l< yelsh'
Microgreens j,ska ,efnk
jdis
² b;d flá ld,hla .;ùu
^i;s 1 - 3& ksid tall
ld,hla ;=< ksIamdokh
l< yels" wdydr m%udKh
by< ùu'
² foaY.=Ksl idOl uÕyßñka
jir mqrd ^Year round&
ksIamdokhka l< yels ùu'
² b;d by< fmdaIH .=Khlska
hqla; ùu'
- úgñka C - Ascorbic acid
- úgñka K1 - Phylloqinone
- úgñka E - Tocopherol
- fm%da úgñka A1 - Carotonoids
- ìgd lefrdàka
- ,shqóka" ishdidka;ska"
vh, idka;ska
² Ydlhl uq¿ nrg idfmalaIj
jeäu j¾Kl m%udKhla
idkaø jk wjia:dfõ§
wdydrhg .kakd neúka
j¾Kl uÕska YÍrhg
,efnk m%;sTlaisldrl
^Antioxidant& m%udKh
by< ùu'
² ji úfika f;dr wdydrhla
f,i ridhksl øjH Ndú;d
fkdlrñka ldnksl
wdydrhla f,i
ksIamdokh l< yels ùu'
² wvq iïm;a ^c,h"
fmdfydr& m%udKhla
fhdojd .ksñka by<
ksIamdokhla isÿl< yels
ùu'
² Y%S ,xldj we;=¿
fndfyduhla rgj,
isÿfjñka mj;sk ld<.=K
úm¾hdi yuqfõ we;sjk
kshÕh" .xj;=r wd§ .eg¿
uÕyßñka fmdaIHhodhS
wdydr fõ,la ksIamdokh
i|yd msgqjy,la ùu'
² wvq .=Kd;aufhka hq;a
îc Ndú;hg yelsùu iy
´kEu m%fNaohla Ndú;d
l<yels ùu'
² b;d wvq bvlvlska ̂ ndysr
fyda wNHka;r& j.dl<
yelsùu'
fujeks úYd,
jdisodhl ;;a;ajhka /ilg
ysñlï lshk Microgreens Y%S
,xldfõ ck;djf.a wdydr
rgdjg yqrelrùu b;du;a
jeo.;a jk w;r" tuÕska
oekg Y%S ,xldj ;=< mj;sk
m%Odk fi!Lh .eg¿ jk
Èhjeähdj" yDo frda."
ia:Q,Ndjh jeks ;;a;ajhka
wju lsÍu i|yd uy;a
msgqjy,la jkq we;'
Y%S ,dxlSh ck;djf.a
m%Odk wdydr fõ,a j,§ Ndú;d
jk le,ß ^ldfndayhsfâ%g&
m%udKh b;d by< jk w;r
t<j¿" m,;=re m%udKh b;du;a
wvqh'
fuksid iunr
fmdaIKhla fkd,eîu uÕsska
fi!LH .eg¿ /ila we;s lrhs'
fuys§ n;a" mdka fyda msIaGh
wka;¾.; wdydr m%udKh
wvqlr t<j¿ fyda m<;=re j,
odhl;ajh by< oeñh hq;=h'
fï i|yd úi÷ula f,i fjk;a
rgj, Microgreens Ndú;d lrk
w;r Y%S ,xldfõ o fuh m%p,s;
l< hq;=j we;' ,xldfõ wdydr
iqrlaIs;;djh .ek l:d
lsÍfï§ Microgreens j,g
úYd, jeo.;alula ysñfõ'
ukaoh;a" wvq úhoulska" flá
ld,hla ;=< ld,.=K úm¾hdi
mrojñka fmdaIK .=Kfhka
b;d by< wdydr ksmojd.;
yels ksidh'
Microgreens ms<sn| f;dr;=re
f.dúlï iÕrdjg tla lrkafka
tÉ' wd¾' mS' m%kdkaÿ
ksfhdacH wOHCI
wdydr m¾fhaIK tallh.kafkdarej" fmardfoKsh
48 ldKavh - 03 l,dmh 59
lgq wfkdaod iuÕ tlajje,s wd;d iSks wd;d
wkakfkaishd l=f,a bmsof;;a ueorg ye§ fid¢ka
kejqï m<;=rla f,ig;a.=Kj;a îula f,ig;ajukh iukh lrñka
mK /l fohs b;d fid¢ka
;=kafodia lsmS oÕ,kñksi;a orejka
.;af;d;a ì|la iqjfjhsfífrhs uref.ka
c,h Yla;s fïohmsIaGh úgñka
wvx.= fjhs fï ieu.kakd fldgiska
ykaÈ wudrej ksr;=rewe;sfjhs wlaud weneoaÈúI jqfkd;ska wdydrhj<ld,hs u< noaoh
kkaokS Ydka;s,;d
rdcH l,ukdlrK iyldr
lDIs m%ldYk tallh" .kafkdarej
tod jeõ neos rcráka tk iy,a l=i.sks ksjdÆ
uyd merl=ï rcqf.a iufha fuisß,l ire WkdÆ
jyd wgqfldgq mqrd wiajkq ;nd flfy,sh k.dÆ
iod iurej wef;a jeõ ne|s rch isyslr iodÆ
wyi isoÆ jeis fmdoska uy ihqre tla/ia l,dÆ
oyi neoÆ msh,s ke;sjg rgg wgq fldgq mqrdÆ
fjfyi lrÆ oE; lr.eg u;ska oyosh fy,dÆ
jyi f;mÆ nila fkdj f.dú rcqka rg ire lrdÆ
Woe,a,g yqre oE; ieuúg riska wiajkq ,ndù
olskakg ke; mqrka l=Uqrla tod rcrg fkdodù
oskkakg kï jeúh hq;=uh tod mäjre lshdù
is;kakg hï fohla wo we; Tfí yoj; ojdù
jeõ isfoaù fl;a mqrka ù rfÜ ire mi úkdihs
isõ fofia wgqfldgq isoShhs rg n;g w; jkd,hs
mõ lf<a lïm< wef;a wo oefha n;a m; wvd,hs
uõ ìfï f.dú rcqks Tn ,Õ wfma oyosh mrdohs
ta' Ô' Wfoaks O¾udodi
f.dúck fiajd uOHia:dkh"
.srd.u - ms<su;,dj
f.dúlï iÕrdj60