IELTS Precise Reading (IELTS 9)

8/9/2019 IELTS Precise Reading (IELTS 9)

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Study Reading DIYHow to use thi:This book will give you a thorough understanding of what is involved and howto perform well in the reading section of the IELTS exam.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)A comprehensive list of A!s has been compiled by IELTS teachers andIELTS students that answer a lot of "uestions which many students have foundhard to get a response for. The goal of this book is to ensure that none of your"ueries go unanswered so that you can go into the test with full understandingand confidence.This section was compiled to help students with their study plan and IELTS

preparation. A good student knows that you can never do enough practice. Thetips in this section will ensure that you can practise as much as possible in avariety of ways in order to suit every learning style. The benefits of extensivereading are far reaching. #rolific readers will generally do better in the writingsection also.

Short Cut to SuccessThis section guides the students who are short of preparation time throughthe book in a way that addresses their ma$or weaknesses first. This can

provide more focus to students who only have a few days before they takethe official IELTS test. or

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those who are not short of time) studying the entire book is highlyrecommended.

Diagnostic TestT*+oThis is a test that incorporates all the reading skills needed and all the "uestiontypes encountered in the reading section of the IELTS. It will highlight yourweaknesses so you can have a better idea on what you need to focus on when

preparing for the test.

E!lanatory Ans"er #eyThey are provided to highlight the correct answers and also explain why otherchoices are wrong or clarify certain parts of a passage that may have beenconfusing for students. The explanatory answer key for the diagnostic test alsoincludes Short &ut to Success Advice ,oxes.

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$%er%ie" o& Reading Skills and Question Ty!eslti)


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hslThis section explains which skills are needed and what "uestion types are usedto test these skills. It will also provide some background information on the"uestion types such as fre"uency of testing and number of "uestions used inthe test.

Question Ty!es' Reading Skills StrategiesThis part will give students the opportunity to practise all the reading skillsneeded and "uestion types encountered in the reading section of the IELTS. Itwill also provide step/by/step strategies on how to approach the "uestion types.

Achie%eent Tests * +These tests provide unassisted practice for students. They should only beattempted once all the previous sections of the book have been completed)time for consolidation on what you have learnt has taken place and confidenceis up high enough to take this final test. The first test is for those taking the

Academic 0odule of the exam. The second test is for those taking the 1eneralTraining 0odule of the

A glossary of 2ey -ocabulary has been compiled with page number)phonemics) part of speech) translation and example sentence as vocabulary isa key factor for success in the reading section of IELTS. 3henever you havespare time) go through the words to ensure you can still remember them. Theeasiest way to remember them is to try to use them in speaking or writing.

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0aster IELTS 5

IELTS#%E&ISE %EA6I71

Acknowledgements 8ow to use thisbook About IELTS

Introduction

IELTS %eading Introduction 9re"uently Asked !uestions :A!s; > ?@verview of %eading Skills !uestion Types B9Short &ut to Success CiiDfliftCifi B?

6iagnostic Test iFrG;*li 9HExplanatory Answer 2ey i3Sl3iS


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Article iesR

HHH ,& saw it as having greater value than gold and diamonds. The 0ayans)A`tecs and @lmecs of &entral America in the pre/&olombian period alsoshared the same view.

Cade has been most widely used in &hinese culture. Apart from weapons andcult figures) it has also been used to furnish the graves of the imperial family.

7owadays it finds itself more often in the form of a pendant) necklace orbracelet or collected as an anti"ue. @ne of the main reasons $ade has becomepopular in the East is the powers its said to possess. In present times) itsymbolises the good) the beautiful and the precious while in the past itembodied the &onfucian virtues of wisdom) $ustice) compassion) modesty and

courage. It has also been symbolic of female eroticism throughout history. TheEgyptians saw $ade as the stone of love) inner peace and harmony and balancewhile other cultures honoured it for bringing luck or giving protection. 1emtherapists use the stone to create $oy and vivacity.

The story of Tur"uoise is somewhat more consistent across cultures and time.It was known as a holy stone that had the power to shield its wearers from evil.Egyptians would wear tur"uoise around their neck to ward off an unnaturaldeath. In fact) it was said that tur"uoise could even predict if a moment of perilwas forthcoming) and would change its colour to warn its wearer of it. Thesedays) advances in science tell us that this is not actually true. Actually) thecolour change is due to a number of scientific factors including the influence oflight) cosmetic products) dust or even the p8 level of the wearers skin. Turbanswould also be decorated with tur"uoise encircled by a border of pearls tosafeguard the wearer from the Vevil eye. Talismans) ob$ects such as daggers)

scimitars and horse bridles used for similar protective purposes) were alsodecorated accordingly. The A`tecs of 0exico believed the stone was holy) astheir ceremonial masks were lined with this $ewel and the Indians of 7orthAmerica believed that) because of its colour) it provided a direct link betweenthe sky and the lakes.

These days it is more popular to refer to tur"uoise as a good luck charm. In the

past) it may have been used to prevent horse riders from accidentally fallingoffX it is now popular with industries such as aviation to ensure a safe $ourney.

1em therapists look at tur"uoise as having the power to solve problems forthose with a negative outlook on life) lending self confidence to those with asubdued personality) and bringing faithfulness and reliability to friendships.

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.ultiple )hoice !Speci(ic In(ormation"

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8ow long is the fashion history of gemsN

A @ne millennium

,Afew thousand years & ? million years 6

95HH million years:I&

3hich holy book wrote about emeraldN

A Islam

, &atholic & The -edas 6 The

0ogul 3hich royalty kept their emeralds in a boxN

A The mahara$as and maharanis

, The pharaohs and &leopatra & The emperors

and empresses 6 The sultans from Turkey

3ho did 7@T believe that $ade was more precious than gold and

diamondsN A The 0aoris

, The &hinese & The 0ayans 6

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3ho believes $ade brings great happiness) pleasure and

energyN A The modern &hinese

, &onfucius & Egyptians 6

1em therapists

3ho would decorate their ritual accessories with tur"uoiseN

A Egyptians

9H 3hich stone would be best to ensure a person stays true to hisGher

partnerN A Any gem , An emerald & Cade 6 Tur"uoiseTest?taking StrategiesJ

B. %ead the instructions so you know how many answers to chooseif youare short of an answer) even if the other answers are correct) you will notscore any points. There are no half marks in the IELTS exam.

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9. irstly read the stem :the "uestion or statement) not the possibleanswers; and identify key words. %emember that key words are those whichare easy to locate in the passage and not too common. 7umbers and names areoften the most useful key words as they stand out in the text. If a passage isabout rainforests) then the word rainforest in a stem will not be useful infinding an answer) as it will appear too many times in the text. =ou do notneed to read the answers yet) as distractors are included to confuse you.

I. !uickly scan the text for the key word:s;) but keep in mind that oftenyou will not find exactly the same word) rather a parallel expression which isa word or phrase that has a similar meaning.wismbmss(4)tbi)


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9H. 6 The answer is located in the final paragraph.?:em thera!ists oo at turFuoise as ha


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3V;M Neaamg Sis 1 Strategies G0

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9B........................ In modern society a variety of are on show

at fashion parades.

99... were written on the surface of an emerald that was sold at

the beginning ofm m

the 9Bst century.9I.......................... Ancient history reveals that $ades was of

high regard.

9


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words are all from the text. To be safe) its worth including small words like aor the in the word count. If the instructions say 7@ 0@%E T8A7 T8%EE3@%6S) you may write B) 9 or words. If the instructions say 3%ITET8%EE 3@%6S) then you must write exactly words) 7@T B or 9.

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Ans"ersJ

9B. Le"elsKKgesKK(!recious) stonesb

The answer is located in the first sentence of the first paragraph.?Peo!e ha


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The following article practises types of "uestions and 9 types of readingskills( Table &ompletion :skill( reading for specific information;) Summary&ompletion :skill( reading for specific information; and 0ultiple &hoice :skill(reading for inference;. ,efore you read) it is suggested you review the@verview of %eading Skills and !uestion Types and then go on to carefullyread the following strategies in order to find your answer in a timely manner.

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0an/made or 7atural ,eauty

The incessant ima(es in the me)ia o# women o# (reat *eaut+ an) meno# ru((e) an) stri,in( loo,s have man+ o# us won)erin( what weshoul) )o a*out our *o)ies an) a--earance. Research su((ests that#emales are 1 times more li,el+ than males to *e )issatis#ie) with their*o)ies *ut male )issatis#action is on the increase. /ealth+ in)ivi)ualsan) -eo-le who live in )evelo-e) countries0 es-eciall+ Euro-e0 aremore susce-ti*le to these #eelin(s o# )iscontent. o the outloo, is *lea,i# +ou are a rich #emale in the . /hat is a (irl to )o4(o #or some5uic, an) eas+ man6ma)e solutions or ,ee- it natural an) )o it the har)wa+


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The answer to this 5uestion0 o# course0 is u- to the in)ivi)ual8 *ut #irst o#all0 let9s loo, at one o# the most in )eman)0 wi)es-rea) an) a##or)a*le#orms o# cosmetic sur(er+4oto;. oto; is0 in #act0 a -oison )erive)#rom the *acterium 9o* is to loo, stunnin( all the time0 are colla(en0 silicone0 or #atin>ections. As o--ose) to oto; which smoothes out wrin,les0 colla(enin>ections can #ill them out as well as correct acne scars or -lum- u-li-s.


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!ow that we9ve )iscusse) man6ma)e wa+s to loo, *etter0 let9s ta,e aloo, at some more natural alternatives. There are some sim-le0 chea-an) natural a--roaches to loo,in( *etter an) #eelin( more com#orta*lea*out onesel#. irst o# all0 let9s *e realistic. /e will never loo, as (oo)as the ravishin( women in ma(aines an) hun,+ men in movies an) #orsome ver+ (oo) reasons8 the+ use *o)+ )ou*les in movies0 air*rushin(

a#ter -hoto shoots an) have their own -ersonal trainers0 ma,e6u- artistsan) hair)ressers. o )on9t *elieve ever+thin( +ou se6Bnn the we*ia *utmore im-ortantl+0 sto- com-arin( +oursel# to me(astars.

econ)l+0 ta,e care o# +our *o)+0 which means watchin( what +ou eatan) (ettin( in sha-e *ut remem*er: e;ercisin( an) starvin( +oursel# till+ou #aint is not onl+ irrational an) unhealth+8 it9s not attractive. t9s alsowise to un)erstan) +our *o)+ t+-e. Humans *asicall+ come in acom*ination o# three *o)+ sha-es: Ectomor-hs0 en)omor-hs an)mesomor-hs. The #irst t+-e0 -eo-le who are tall an) thin with lon(lim*s0 lose wei(ht easil+ so shoul) )o (entle e;ercise an) re(ularwei(ht trainin(. The secon) t+-e0 -eo-le who have wi)e hi-s an) lar(e*ones0 (ain wei(ht easil+ so shoul) )o (entle wei(ht trainin( an)re(ular e;ercise. The #inal t+-e0 -eo-le who are short with *roa)shoul)ers an) well )evelo-e) muscles shoul) )o li(ht wei(hts an)

e;ercise such as +o(a or Cilates.Don9t sto- there8 (roomin( can also ma,e +ou #eel *etter a*out +oursel#an) increase +our con#i)ence. havin(0 a--l+in( )e-ilator+ creams0wa;in(0 su(arin(0 -luc,in( an) *leachin( are all wa+s to (et ri) o# an+unwante) hair. or clear s,in0 #ollow a three6ste- s,incare routine o#cleansin(0 tonin( an) moisturisin( mornin( an) ni(ht. sin( ane;#oliator0 me)icate) wash an) eatin( a *alance) )iet are also*ene#icial #or the s,in. inall+0 ma,e sure +ou smell (oo). o)+ o)ourcan *e minimise) *+ washin( o#ten0 wearin( clean clothes an) usin( ananti6-ers-irant )eo)orant. a) *reath can *e com*ate) *+ visitin( the)entist twice a +ear #or a chec,u-0 *rushin( twice a )a+0 rinsin( withmouthwash an) usin( )ental #loss. mell+ #eet can *e avoi)e) *+washin( re(ularl+0 ,ee-in( +our #eet )r+0 lettin( them *reathe an) notwearin( the same shoes on consecutive )a+s. inall+0 -er#ectin( +our-osture also (oes a lon( wa+ to ma,e +ou loo, slimmer an) ma,e +our

clothes loo, *etter. To im-rove +our -osture0 hol) +our hea) u-0elon(ate +our nec,0 stic, out +our chin0 -ull +our shoul)ers *ac, an))own an) sli(htl+ *en) +our ,nees.

Don9t let the me)ia crush +our con#i)ence. Crior to (oin( un)er the ,ni#eor in>ectin( a nee)le to im-rove +our a--earance0 it9s *est to care#ull+consi)er alternative0 more natural wa+s to loo, an) #eel +our *est.

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head.

Silicone ...9M... out the lines on ones face.

...9?... 6oes away with unwelcome facial hair.

Exfoliating 0akes the ...H... smooth without red spots.

6eodorant The smell of someones ...B... can be eliminated.Dsing ...9... reshens the air you exhale.

3ork on your ...... &omes across as being slender.

Rvvv.IVpsa.ge.cVmRTest?taking StrategiesJB. The first step of any &ompletion Task is to read the instructions) as youwill need to know exactly how many words you can write. If you write oneword more than you are allocated) your answer will be wrong even if thewords are all from the text. To be safe) its worth including small words likea or the in the word count. If the instructions say 7@ 0@%E T8A7T8%EE 3@%6S) you may write B) 9 or words. If the instructions say3%ITE T8%EE 3@%6S) then you must write exactly words) 7@T B or9.

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i< or Table &ompletion) your second step would be to look at the headingsGsubheadings) as these will give you vital clues of what type of informationyou are looking for and will also let you know how the information may beorganised in the text.

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3hen you believe you have found the answer) ensure/that the word countfits) the grammar is correct and the meaning also matches.


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3hen transferring the answers to the answer sheet) double/check that thespelling and punctuation is correct.

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OP8%isaDIYAns"ersJ9L. usclesThe answer is located in the third sentence of the second paragraph.?Boto is used, ho(e


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R ^-^-^-.lVpS8gV.&VRPRRSuary Co!letion

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your ans(ers in "oes '2&'7 on your ans(er sheet.

To begin with) you should be ...


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Test?taking StrategiesJB. The first step of any &ompletion Task is to read the instructions asyou will need to know exactly how many words you can write. If you writeone word more than you are allocated) then your answer will be wrong even ifthe words are all from the text. To be safe) its worth including small words

like a or the in the word l. [unt. If the instructions say 7@ 0@%E T8A7T8%EE 3@%6S) you may also write B) 9 or words. If the instructions say3%ITE T8%EE 3@%6S) then you must write exactly words) 7@T B or 9.

9. 7ext) identify the key words. At this stage you may be able to getmore information on what type of response is needed and also what grammaris re"uired.r&1, smg)I. Scan the text for the key words while being aware of parallel

expressions. It is worth noting that for Summary &ompletions) the answersmay be spread throughout the text) however often it will only summarise onesection of the text) not the entire passage.


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more im!ortanty, sto! )om!arine yoursef to megastars

get in sha!eb The answer is located in the first sentence of the fifth paragraph.?Se)ondy, tae )are of your "ody, (hi)h means (at)hing (hat


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Test?taking StrategiesJB. Identify the key words in the stemX you do not need to read the

possible answers yet. 8owever) if this is the final "uestion then you may beable to answer the "uestion as you do not need to look for a direct match likewith specific information "uestions as this type is inferred. If you cannot

answer at this stage) then go on to the next few steps.fasnh$isb/ilO)mMim

9. Scan the article for the key words) and once found) read aroundthe key words.

h o \.rN iO . The answer will be implicit) which means you willneed to read between the lines tocome up with an answerX it will not be stated directly.


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b & is incorrect as although the writer believes we desire to be likethem) they are not to blame as it is their $ob to be beautiful.b 6 is incorrect as the writer feels that we are responsible formaking ourselves feel good) but we are not to blame for body imageconcerns.

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The following article practises types of "uestions and 9 types of readingskills( 0atching 8eadings to #aragraphs :skill( reading for main idea;) ShortAnswer !uestions :skill( reading for specific information; and 0ultiple &hoice:skill( reading for main idea;. ,efore you read) it is suggested you review the@verview of %eading Skills and !uestion Types and then go on to carefullyread the following strategies in order to find your answer in a timely

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6hose Reci!e &or Disaster/

aThe most catastro-hic )isaster is o#ten thou(ht o# as *ein( the onethat lea)s to the hi(hest num*er o# imme)iate )eaths. However0 thereare other #actors that are ta,en into consi)eration when measurin( theseverit+ o# a )isaster. A closer loo, at these #actors reveals that some

)isasters o#ten (et overloo,e) *+ the -u*lic at lar(e. The me)ia0-oliticians an) scientists o#ten have vastl+ )i##erent views on the )e(reeo# im-ortance to (ive to certain issues.bu--osin( that one views 9)isasters9 #rom the

stan)-oint o# the me)ia0 the num*er o# )eaths associate) with a-articular inci)ent woul) o*viousl+ ran, hi(hlal viewers are o#tenattracte) *+ shoc,in( news such as #atalities. Althou(h this ma+ seemto *e true0 events in the Democratic Re-u*lic o# the


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/B s[ SisctStmiiNies

E The hurricane cause) an estimate) 1 *illion in )ama(e an))is-lace) more than 10 -eo-le. Cresi)ent ush re#use) ai)

#rom Ieneuela on -olitical (roun)s )es-ite its o##ers o# assistance0which inclu)e) 12 much6nee)e) rescue an) ai) e;-erts0 2 mo*ilehos-ital units0 J tonnes o# #oo)0 1 water -uri#ication -lants0 1'-ower (eneration -lants an) 2 tonnes o# *ottle) water. Keanwhile0resi)ents ha) to wait a num*er o# )a+s #or the !ational "uar) toarrive an) -rovi)e hel-0 lar(el+ )ue to the #act that most o# them ha)to ma,e the >ourne+ *ac, #rom the 6le) war in ra5.

Ke)ia or(anisations0 inclu)in( the re-uta*lee( Yor Timesan)WaStreet ourna have run hi(h6-ro#ile stories on 9class9 in Americansociet+0 criticisin( the ush A)ministration #or its a--allin( Hurricaneatrina relie# e##orts0 es-eciall+ *ecause the ma>orit+ o# resi)ents)is-lace) *+ atrina were *lac,. Another common criticism is the #actthat the (overnment re#uses to acce-t environmental warnin(s inthe interests o# maintainin( its -osition as the worl)9s most -ower#uleconom+. ush9s a)visors were warne) +ears earlier that such a)isaster was ominous +et the+ )iverte) -reviousl+ allocate) #un)in( toother -ro>ects. !ow in the a#termath o# atrina0 #irms with close lin,s

to ush9s -art+ are winnin( reconstruction -ro>ects. America )i) (iveai) to the Ca,istani (overnment a#ter an earth5ua,e ,ille) 30-eo-le in 2J. However man+ *elieve that this (esture was mainl+)ue to the o##icials ho-in( #or a #avoura*le ima(e at the "' worl)summit0 which was *ein( convene) aroun) the same time.

@ eismolo(ists0 volcanolo(ists an) meteorolo(ists measure theseverit+ o# a )isaster on a scale0 which is *ase) on themeasurements o# instruments which (au(e intensit+0 )uration an)area. Earth5ua,es are recor)e) on the Richter scale o# 161 to5uanti#+ their stren(th an) time len(th. The area a##ecte) loo,s at thee-icentre4the -oint that overhan(s the earth5ua,e9s root4an) the#ault lines4the area where the earth9s tectonic -lates colli)e. Thehi(her the earth5ua,e measures on the Richter scale an) the lar(erthe #ault line0 the more severe an earth5ua,e is rate). This s+stem-laces im-ortance on overall scale as o--ose) to the e##ect onhumans. or e;am-le0 the massive earth5ua,es which occur in theCaci#ic =cean are noteworth+ to the scienti#ic communit+0 eventhou(h the+ rarel+ a##ect -eo-le9s lives.

3Iolcanoes are measure) *+ the amount o# (as in the ma(ma an) theviscosit+ o# the ma(ma. Torna)oes are measure) *+ their win)s-ee)0 which can *e an+where *etween 72 to 3 miles -er hour aswell as the area the+ s-an0 which is t+-icall+ u- to 2J metres.Keteorolo(ists researchin( hurricanes0 t+-hoons an) c+clones ta,erea)in(s o# the win) s-ee)0 travel s-ee) an) storm sur(e4theamount *+ which the sea9s sur#ace rises4which can *e u- to Lmetres. The -ower o# tsunamis is recor)e) accor)in( to their wavelen(th4the )istanceM)uration *etween 2 wave crests4which can *ein e;cess o# 1 ,mMh res-ectivel+ as well as the wave s-ee) whichis usuall+ aroun) ' ,mMh0 #aster than a >et. The )istance covere) isalso ta,en into account. Tsunamis can cross the n)ian or Caci#ic=cean within a matter o# hours.

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.................. ..................................................................

iArticle < has eight sections A/8.

+hoose the most suita"e headings for se)tions &H from the ist of headings

"eo(. Write the a!!ro!riate num"ers i&ii in "oes %&5 on your ans(er sheet.

oii A mistaken belief in the governments interests

iii The DS response to criticismiv Attacks on the DS on environmental and social grounds

v The medias dislike for the &ongo

vi The mishandling of 2atrinas international aid

vii The financial cost for governments

viii Scientific recordings of natural catastrophes

ix 0easuring scientific performance

x 3ho classifies the severity of disastersxi -ist o& 3eadings

iA misconception about the media3hat makes the papers

xii 8ow earth"uakes are measured by scientists

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B Section A

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I Section &


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< Section 6

+ Section E

5 Section

Section 8ns(er xii

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Test?taking StrategiesJB. &ross out the example heading and corresponding paragraph. Itsa waste of time to read a paragraph that has already been answered. And ifyou dont cross out the heading) you may consider it) or even worse) use it asan answer. The fact is) you cannot use the same heading twice.

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9. Skim the list of headings and try to understand the differencesbetween any headings which seem similar. Some headings will seem alike inorder to distract you) so read them carefully.

Q DI YI. %ead the topic sentence of a paragraph that re"uires a heading.The topic sentence is often but not always the first sentence of a paragraphand the purpose of it is to introduce the main idea of the paragraph.


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Bv?euuuii Sins a. Stiutfities A

Ans"ersJ*. The summarising sentence :the final sentence of paragraph A; states whoclassifies the severity of disasters) namely) the media) politicians andscientists.

+. ib The misconception is that the number of deaths is the mostimportant factor. #aragraph , disproves that.b v is incorrect because although it seems so in the case of why themedia does not report the war) malnutrition and disease) they did find thevolcano story in the &ongo popular.

b #aragraph & mentions the factors that are important whendeciding which news to report and gives examples.

4. iib #aragraph 6 mentions that the mistaken belief is local disastersare the most important) but 8urricane 2atrina proved that to be wrong.b vi is incorrect) because although it says there was a mishandlingof 2atrina) it does not mention international aid.

+. %ib #aragraph E mentions that citi`ens badly needed aid and that-ene`uela was offering it) but the DS refused the aid) preferring to wait for the

7ational 1uard.b vii is incorrect because although it mentions the cost of damage itis only one point and does not reflect the entire paragraph.

5. i%

b #aragraph mentions a few social and environmental criticismsof the DS.b iii is incorrect because although it mentions criticisms) it does notmention the DS response.

L. %iiib #aragraph 8 mentions a number of disasters and how they arerecorded.b ix is incorrect because paragraph 8 mentions measuring disasters

performances) not sciences performance.

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rti)e 2 for ea)h ans(er.

Write your ans(ers in "oes &%' on your ans(er sheet.

M 8ow many fatalities were there in the highly reported disaster in the

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? 3hich disaster was too distant for one media outletN

BH 3hose presence was delayed due to conflict in the 0iddle EastNi ^ ... RhC*BB 3hat tool do $

B9 J

3hat is the position directly above an earth"uakes origin calledN

BI 8ow much distance can a tsunami cover in one hourN

R www.TVpsagV.cVmRTest?taking StrategiesJB. The first step of any &ompletion Task is to read the instructions) as you willneed to know exactly how many words you can write. If you write one word

more than you are allocated) then your answer will be wrong even if the wordsare all from the text. To be safe) its worth including small words like a orthe in the word count. If the instructions say 7@ 0@%E T8A7 T8%EE3@%6S you may also write B) 9 or words. If the instructions say 3%ITET8%EE 3@%6S) then you must write exactly words) 7@T B or 9.

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At this stage you may be able to get more informationon what type of information is needed and also what grammar is re"uired.t/i4)I.

Scan the text for key words while being aware of parallelexpressions.

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3hen transferring the answers to the answer sheet) double/check the spellingand punctuation is correct.

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m3h. faster than a Cet.?b Sis 1 StrategiesR BH?

BHH kmGh is incorrect as this is the distance between waves only.b The Indian @cean or the #acific @cean is incorrect) as these are

places) not distances. Tsunamis can cross the Indian or #acific @cean would

be an acceptable answer) but it does not adhere to the word limit) so it isincorrect.

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.ultiple )hoice !.ain Idea">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

+hoose the a!!ro!riate etter &/ and (rite it in "o %2 on your ans(er

sheet. B< 3hat is the main idea of the articleN

A 6ifferent angles to assess the severity of disasters.

, The best way to measure the severity of disasters.

The governments role in measuring the severity of disasters.

6 Sciences leading the way in accurate assessment of disasters.l[ Scien


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Rwww.To:[sage.coiiiRTest?taking StrategiesJB. Identify the key words in the stemX you do not need to read the possibleanswers yet. 8owever if this is the final "uestion) then you may be able toanswer the "uestion as you do not need to look for a direct match like withSpecific Information "uestions as this type re"uires general understandingonly. If you cannot answer at this stage) then go on to the next few steps.

bheadings or pictures to help you form an idea of what thepassage will

are not given) read the introduction) which is the first paragraph) asthe purpose of it is to introduce what the passage will be about.

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on to the next "uestion. =ou should only spend around ?H seconds per"uestion.

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. If you have time left over at the end) you can come back to this unanswered"uestion and try reading the topic sentence of each paragraph to help you formthe main idea of the passage. The topic sentence is often but not always thefirst sentence of a paragraph and the purpose of it is to introduce the main ideaof each paragraph.

M. If all else fails and you still have time left over :which is highly unlikely;)re/read the entire passage.

B


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The following article practises types of "uestions and 9 types of readingskills( 0ultiple &hoice :skill( reading for main idea;) 6iagram &ompletion:skill( reading for specific information; and 0atching Statements :skill( readingfor specific information;. ,efore you read) it is suggested you review the@verview of %eading Skills and !uestion Types) and then go on to carefully

read the following strategies in order to find your answer in a timelymanner.G G U FB ' i i i v

%isaiwk :i+(MBN;) lil%EEiaa :%I+( 0 #;o iW+tl

b)

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The ma>or o*stacle #or KT is how to ma,e these note*oo,s a##or)a*leto the hun)re)s o# millions o# chil)ren livin( *elow the -overt+ line. The-lan is to ma,e the machines availa*le at a #air an) reasona*le -rice o# 1. oun)s unrealistic or too i)ealistic The Taiwan com-an+Nuanta0 the worl)9s lar(est la-to- manu#acturer which currentl+-ro)uces one6thir) o# the worl)9s la-to-s0 sa+s the+ can )o it0 an) moresur-risin(l+ at a -ro#it. The onl+ catch is that the (overnments o# the)evelo-in( countries nee) to -a+ u-#ront *e#ore Nuanta can *e(in-ro)uction.
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At that -rice0 man+ 5uestion the #unctionalit+ o# the com-uters8however0 the creators -romise that the machine can )o ever+thin( anormal )es,to- com-uter can0 e;ce-t store massive amounts o#in#ormation as there is no har) )rive. As a consolation0 users will *ea*le to use J12 K #lash memor+ car)s an) are -rovi)e) with L -orts. The la-to-s will use a Oinu; *ase) s+stem0 not >ust *ecause it9s#ree0 unli,e the -rice+ alternative o# /in)ows0 *ut its sim-licit+ alsolen)s itsel# to this -ro>ect. t will have )ual6mo)e )is-la+: low resolutioncolour or hi(h resolution *lac, an) white in or)er to *e sunli(htrea)a*le. There will *e a JKH -rocessor0 12' K o# DRAK an)wireless *roa)*an) which will ena*le usersn )evelo-in( nations0 schools are #ew an) #ar *etween0 teachers arenowhere to *e seen0 *oo,s are worn an) torn an) illiterac+ rates arehi(h. These all culminate in the wi)enin( (a- *etween the rich an) the-oor. ace) with tac,lin( this mountin( crisis0 !icholas !e(ro-ontean) a team o# KT researchers have launche) a *ol) new initiative.!e(ro-onte9s (oal is 9to -rovi)e chil)ren aroun) the worl) with newo--ortunities to e;-lore0 e;-eriment an) e;-ress themselves9 throu(ha -ro>ect he calls the =ne Oa-to- Cer


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ar(ues that mo*ile -hone technolo(+ is a much more soun) o-tion.The mo*ile -hones are smaller0 even more mo*ile0 an) the+ can *einternet ena*le) to -rovi)e voice0 email0 an) chea- te;t messa(in(#unctions. The+ are chea-er than com-uters an) the+ use less -ower.n a))ition0 "ates )oes not see the nee) to )evelo- a new -ro)uctwhen cell -hones are alrea)+ trie) an) teste) technolo(+ that can *e)istri*ute) imme)iatel+. Nuanta9s e;istin( clients such as ntel0 Dell an)HC0 who have ho-es o# e;-an)in( into the )evelo-in( worl)0 are alsonot loo,in( #avoura*l+ u-on !e(ro-onte9s initiative.

P---.Topsage.comQTechnolo(+ in the thir) worl) has -roven to have (reat a)vanta(es.The orei(n Tra)e Trainin( ectwill revolutionise the wa+ we e)ucate the worl)9s chil)ren. ut is it thema(ic *ullet that will alleviate -overt+ =nl+ time will tell.

+hoose the a!!ro!riate etter &/ and (rite it in "o %4 on your ans(er

sheet. B+ 3hats the article aboutN

A The reasons for poverty.

, The impact of a computer for the needy.

& The learning potential of technology.fUv^ wstf$psffigCrv

6 E/learning in the third world.


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Pwww.Topsage.comQy!es,*eading Sis 1 StrategiesR BB

Test?taking StrategiesJ

B. If this is not the last "uestion) then you can leave it until the end)

as you will get a good understanding of the main idea by doing the SpecificInformation "uestions first.nns'i(4i+/mbQO)

9. Look at any subheadings or pictures to help you form an idea ofwhat the passage will be about.

I. If these are not given) read the introduction) which is the firstparagraph) as the purpose of it is to introduce what the passage will be about.


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on to the next "uestion) as you should only spend around ?H seconds per"uestion.

L. If you have time left over at the end) you could come back to thisunanswered "uestion and try reading the topic sentence of each paragraph tohelp you form the main idea of the passage. The topic sentence is often butnot always the first sentence of a paragraph and the purpose of it is tointroduce the main idea of each paragraph.

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G G

M. If all else fails and you still have time left over :which is highly unlikely;)re/read the entire passage.

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Ans"erJ*5. 2b The article talks about the cost) functions) accessibility) praiseand criticisms) and successes of computers for the poorX therefore , is the

best choice.b A is incorrect because it does not mention why people are poor.b & 6 are incorrect as they only reflect parts of the article but notthe entirety.

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%iagram )ompletion

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*8

0ultiple. .

storage device

*9

*:

9H +*

.......for outdoor use in the day

A... .. .to make laptop work

without a plug

A... .. .to make it easy to carry

.......for networking with other

laptops

Pwww.Topsage.comQTest?taking StrategiesJB. The first step of any &ompletion Task is to read the instructions)as you will need to know exactly how many words you can write. If you writeone word more than you are allocated) then your answer will be wrong even ifthe words are all from the text. To be safe) its worth including small wordslike a or the in the word count. If the instructions say 7@ 0@%E T8A7

T8%EE 3@%6S) you may also write B) 9 or words. If the instructions say3%ITE T8%EE 3@%6S) then you must write exactly words) 7@T B or 9.

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I. The third step would be to identify the key words. At this stageyou may be able to get more information on what type of information isneeded in the answer and also what grammar is re"uired.


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R www.Topsage.cVmR.atching Statements

enmm

Loo at the foo(ing des)ri!tions mentioned in rti)e 4.

Mat)h the names G&@ isted "eo( (ith the des)ri!tions.

Write the a!!ro!riate etters &@ in "oes ## on your ans(er sheet.

A 0IT

)6I 7icholas 7egroponte

BIS*

!uanta

D 0eles enawiE ,ill

1atesF Intel) 6ell and 8#

@ oreign Trade Training

&entre3 African 0edical and%esearch oundationI Accent

ure1 The 7ava$o people

# overstock.com

99 Dndergraduate degrees are being undertaken through the Internet.

9I The operating system opted for was not 3indows.

9< A shrinking customer base may be one repercussion.

9+ Trading with the international community was made possible.

95 #rovided IT knowledge and support in a venture

9L The programme will connect the citi`ens to the rest of the world.

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N s. i(utiintf Sins 1 Strategies % i '

Test?taking StrategiesJB. Skim the list of names in the frame and then highlight them in the

corresponding sections in the passage. =ou do not need to read the highlightedsections at this stage) as the statementsGphrases need to be checked first tohelp you locate answers even more efficiently. This is due to the fact thateither there are more names than statements) or a name may need to be usedmore than once.

Skim the list of statementsGphrases and identify the key words.

I. 1o back to the sections of the passage that you highlighted andlocate the key words while being aware of parallel expressions.


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Ans"ersJ99. Cb The answer is located in the fourth sentence of the final

paragraph.?The a


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The following article practises < types of "uestions and 9 types of readingskills( 0ultiple &hoice :skill( reading for main idea;) 6iagrams more than

one answer 0ultiple &hoice :skill( reading for specific information; and 7ote&ompletion :reading for specific information;. ,efore you read) it is suggestedyou review the @verview of %eading Skills and !uestion Types and then goon to carefully read the following strategies in order to find your answer in atimely manner.

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,uilding up Steam in &hina

&hina is known to the international community as the worlds most populouscountry. It also sets world migration recordsnot in terms of immigration inand out of the country but migration from rural to urban areas. Every year) M.+million people make the move from their rural homes to one of over ?Hmegalopolises in &hina. The number of migrants is expected to continue to riseand up to + million will make similar $ourneys over the next + years. Thisunprecedented mass migration is the driving force behind tipping thedemographics of world population distribution. At the moment) the worldurban s rural/dwelling population distribution is split down the middle) with.9 billion living in urban areas and .9 billion in the countryside) but by theend of 9HH) high/rise apartments will be the home to more people than thefields.


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Statistics aside) this population shift is the prime stimulus for the constructionm that &hina has been experiencing over the past few years. B9 years ago) therewere no private architectural firms in &hina and prior to that there was +H yearsof very little to no construction. These days) Shanghai has


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of a birds nest in order to provide a natural ventilation system for spectatorsand players while at the same time also providing constant shelter from theforces of nature. A swimming centre to be used in the 9HHM @lympic 1ames in,ei$ing will use solar energy to heat the pools and will reuse double filteredand backwashed pool water) which is usually dumped as waste. Excessrainwater will be stored in subterranean tanks and used to top up the pools.

An eco/friendly pro$ect on a much grander scale is the worlds first fullysustainable cosmopolis) which will be roughly three "uarters the si`e of0anhattan. It will include sustainable energy management) waste managementand water purification systems) among other things. Another building underconstruction will include the worlds largest geothermal cooling and heatingsystem. The system pumps water from BHH metres below the surface throughthe concrete floors of the M buildings which are connected by a ring ofamenities on the 9HtftNRfog[ $ LC Q

The price of these buildings is obviously astronomical. oreign companies like0organ Stanley have invested over HH million dollars in commercial realestate in Shanghai alone. The cost of the worlds tallest building) which ismentioned earlier) exceeds B billion DS dollars.

The cost to the environment and society due to this construction boom is even

more alarming than the financial expense. &hina is the second largest producerof greenhouse gases after the DS) and according to the 38@) &hina has sevenof the worlds ten most polluted cities. 6espite this) the construction stops atnothing. &ompanies operate 9


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conclusion) as the purpose of it is to summarise what has been stated in thepassage. Then repeat step


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1I,eSra [ Sis 1 Strategies i.N

.ultiple )hoice !%iagrams - .ore Than =ne Ans'er"

+hoose the a!!ro!riate diagrams &+ and (rite them in "oes #7&'% on

your ans(er sheet.

9? 3hich building broke all the rulesN

,ei$ing

2Shanghai 3orld inancial &entre

& Linked 8ybrid& 7ational Swimming &entre H 3hich building allows the bree`e to move

through the complexN

A 7ational Swimming &entre 2@lympic StadiumRwffw.Topsa.ge.cVmR

=*3hich building does not re"uire an air/conditioning systemN

27ational Swimming &entre

A Linked 8ybrid& &&T-

Whi)h TH*EE of the foo(ing statisti)s (ere mentioned in rti)e 6Q Write

your ans(ers G&I in "oes '#&'2 on your ans(er sheet. A 7ext year) M.+

million people are expected to migrate to the city. 2&hina has almost ?H

highly populated cities.

& ,y 9HH) half the worlds population will be living in urban areas. DThenumber of high/rise buildings in &hina is double that of 7ew =ork. E 3ithin

BH years) a possible B)HHH more buildings will be designed. &ement

consumption in &hina e"uals that of the rest of the world. 1 There is one

building bent in mid air at right angles.

3An eco/city is close to the same si`e as 0anhattan.

I out of every BH cities in &hina are polluted.


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R www.TVpsage.cVmR|4e>4? @m sti)ding SiH=R B'

Test?taking StrategiesJ

B.

%ead the instructions so you know how many answers to chooseif you are short an answer) even if the other answers are correct) you willnot score any points.

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9. If there are diagrams) then try to understand them first) forexample) and = axesG key wordsGtitles. 7ext) try to understand thedifference between the diagramsX often there is only a small difference.

Wxfay*$ftGisR'Oo

I. %ead the stem :the "uestion or statement) not the possibleanswers; and identify key words. %emember that key words are those whichare easy to locate in the passage and not too common. 7umbers and names areoften the most useful key words as they stand out in the text. If a passage isabout rainforests) then the word rainforest in a stem will not be useful infinding an answer) as it will appear too many times in the text. =ou do notneed to read the answers yet) as distracters are included to confuse you.

m, i) inns(


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paragraph.?-ne s!orts stadium designed "y HerOog and de Meuron taes the form of a"irds nest in order to !ro


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I w''/''/.TVpsage.comR6ote )ompletion

+om!ete the notes "eo(. +hoose your ans(ers from the ist and (rite them

in "oes '4&20 on your ans(er sheet.

B There are more (ords than "ans so you (i not use a of them. You

may use any of the (ords more than on)e.

property driving skyscrapers

-fS&l B ' overseas pollution

em gra ng bubbledisplacement locally buildings

I+.......................................&ause of population distributionimbalance( farmers..................................from countryside

I5.......................... &ause of building boom( people to cities

IL........................... Environmental effect( emission of

IM............. Social effect(of countless citi`ens

I?................ Economic effect( market will collapse


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I. s) iieutiiHg Auis:iSirdegies R i/

Test?taking StrategiesJB. The first step of any &ompletion Task is to read the instructions asyou will need to know exactly how many words you can write. If you write

one word more than you are allocated) then your answer will be wrong evenif the words are all from the text. To be safe) its worth including smallwords like a or the in the word count. If the instructions say 7@ 0@%ET8A7 T8%EE 3@%6S) you may also write B) 9 or words. If theinstructions say 3%ITE T8%EE 3@%6S) then you must write exactly words) 7@T B or 9.

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+*B'lcn 3I 9. 7ext) identify the key words. At this stage you may be able to getmore information on what type of response is needed and also whatgrammar is re"uired.t/ifr) sits)

I. If the answers are given in a box) you can eliminate some answersthrough your grammar knowledge. or instance) if the answer re"uires anoun) then you can eliminate all the verbs) ad$ectives) adverbs) etc. =oucannot change the word forms of the answers given in the box. =ou mustuse them as they are.


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Ans"ersJ=5. o%ing The answer is located in the third sentence of the first paragraph.

?E


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$uestions %&6

%eading #assage B has seven sections A/1.

+hoose the most suita"e headings for se)tionsA-Gfrom the ist of headings

"eo(. Write the a!!ro!riate num"ersi-xiiin "oes %&6 on your ans(er

sheet.-ist o& 3eadings

i The cost to our "uality of lifeii The cost of hybrids

iii Stars with hybridsi% 8ow hybrids worked in the pastB 8ow hybrids help%i The rise and fall of hybrids

%ii %ising oil prices and hybrids%iii 6ifferentiating hybrids

i A car that makes a difference The benefits of hybrids for

consumersi The pros and cons of hybrids

ii DS traffic conditions

B Section A

Section , Section & Section 6 Section E Section

ns(er iii


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R ^v^v^v.TVpsnge.&VRPR R

Streets AheadA&ar companies are well aware of the fact that the HH million vehicles onroads across the globe are causing destruction to the ecosystem on a massivescale. The demand for private transport is on a constant increaseX only +U of

the DS population uses public transport) despite of having to collectively spendM billion hours stuck in traffic and the adverse effect it has on our bodies.

8owever) the automobile industry is beginning to listen to its moreenvironmentally conscious consumers. Around the turn of the century) the

popularity of hybrid cars) which are dramatically less harmful to our health andthe environment) began to take off.

2&ontrary to popular belief) hybrids are not new technologyX they have beenaround for well over a century. In B?HH) gas) steam and electric cars were

manufactured in e"ual numbers. 8owever) in B?B with the advent of the self/starting engine and the gas/powered ord 0odel T coming off the productionline in mass numbers) steam and electric cars disappeared for a good +H years

and environmental devastation ensued.

CThe amount of damage is alarming. 6riving a car is a citi`ens most air/polluting activity as vehicles are the most considerable contributor of&H9emissions. In the DS) M.9 million barrels of oil are consumed eachday) which e"uates to HH million tonnes of carbon dioxide. The healthcare costs that are accrued by people developing such conditions asacute respiratory problems) asthma and cancer/ related illnessesamount to DSZ5H billion every year. 8undreds of thousands of tonnesof oil) fluids and chemicals enter our waterways every year. 7oise

pollution from traffic) stereos and alarms is at an all/time high)resulting in sleep deprivation and stress) among other things. MHH

million tyres are stockpiled each year) while tyres in use lose onepound of rubber per year on average) which flies in minute "uantitiesinto the air and enters our lungs or rivers. B9H Americans die every dayin accidents) B million animals are run over every year and BH millioncars are scrapped per year. &rops lose their yield as a result of the

pollution and the government allocates huge amounts of financialresources to build and maintain roads.

P''/'-w.Topsage.comQ)hie


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batteries or an electric motor. inally) a plug/in hybrid functions like theother hybrids) but also has the option of charging the battery at Xht tomaximise driving range.

isaDITAs previously mentioned) a hybrids gas engine is only used when turning onthe ignition and when travelling at higher speeds. The rest of the time) the

engine remains dormant as it runs on electric or battery power. This minimalreliance on gas) along with the hybrids light weight and aerodynamic designmeans there is a ma$or boost in fuel efficiency and a massive reduction in theemission of greenhouse gases. And without the drone or roar of gas enginesthey also lend themselves to scaling down noise pollution) unless of courseyou are blasting some tunes out of your speakers.

Even though hybrids lack a heavy dependence on fuel) that doesnt mean thecars rely a great deal on battery power. 0ost manufacturers warranty on thisenergy source is MH/BHH)HHH miles) with one taxi driver having reported thatthe batteries in his hybrid cab remained strong even after driving over9HH)HHH miles in 9+ months. @ther advantages include lower maintenancecosts) tax incentives) and higher resale values. @n the other hand) somedrivers have complained that the vehicles are not spacious enough) but thesedays there are even hybrid SD-s on the market. Typically there is a waitinglist of at least a couple of months to purchase a hybrid vehicle) so you haveto be patient. Also) there is no immediate return on investment) contrary towhat many believe) unless oil prices rise even higher.

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8ybrid cars have been rather popular with celebrities) mainly due to theirenvironmental friendliness and obviously not their financial incentives.Leonardo 6i&aprio rolled up to the @scars in his Toyota #rius) and its likely

that his actions will have a positive effect on our fragile environment. @therhybrid owners include &ameron 6ia`) ,rad #itt) Tom 8anks) %obin 3illiams)8arrison ord and Cack 7icholson) to mention but a few. This doesnt meanthese cars are only affordable to the rich and famousX there are hybrids on themarket to suit all purse si`es. Smart consumers who are looking at the roadahead agree that its time to get this hybrid show on the road.

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$uestions %'&%2

+hoose the a!!ro!riate etters &H and (rite them in "oes %'&%2 on your

ans(er sheet.8ow is a hybrid different from a gas/power ed carN

A A hybrid burns less rubber.

, A hybrid is readily available.

1 A hybrid is worth more as a second/hand car.

8 A hybrids repairs are costly.

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,usiness culture in the D2) however) takes more of a but what if you failNattitude) with many of the opinion that you should get some experience underyour belt first) get some money behind you and then consider the venture whenyou are a bit older. ,ut if it is risk that you are afraid of) remember that thereare two kinds of risk that need to be distinguished if one is to be successful(foolish and calculated risk.The industry you are in also contributes to your chances of cashing in on your

bright idea. The information technology sector has been the hottest place towork since the end of the 9Hth century and has shown some of the highestreturns on investment. That doesnt mean you have to move to Silicon -alleythoughX these days) many companies are shifting a lot of their operations to

places like India) &hina) online communities or university labs. -enture capitalflow is one indication of which industry to be in) and in the second "uarter of9HH< in the DS) MU of venture funding went to companies in Silicon -alley)which was double that of its nearest rival) ,oston.

7ot only is IT a hot sector to be in right now) but its applications are wide andvaried. As a result) hybrid companies focusing on biotechnology andnanotechnology are also popping up. -enture capital in biotechnology isincreasingly high due to the demand for biomedical research software. 6r&hris Evans is ,ritains leading biotechnology entrepreneur and has madehimself a tidy B billion from his ventures.

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road to becoming an entrepreneur. , Entrepreneurs in the IT industry.

& Advice from entrepreneurs on how they did it.

repreneur.

Loo at the foo(ing des)ri!tions mentioned in *eading Passage #. )hie


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BL An entrepreneur:s; that combined making friends and sharing

information as an investment.

BM An entrepreneur:s; that invented a way to trace the whereabouts

of livestock.

B? An entrepreneur:s; that is sponsored by an academic institution.

$uestions #0'

+om!ete the summary "eo( using information from *eading Passage #.rimm\ WE/MiCn"Write - M-*E TH TH*EE W-*/S for ea)h ans(er.

Write your ans(ers in "oes #0' on your ans(er sheet.

These days a greater number of ...9H... are giving up thechance to work for large companies and opting to do it on their

own. According to studies) ...9B... for entrepreneurs is not ofhigh importance while ...99... rate more highly. There arecountless numbers of ...9... on how simple it is to be anentrepreneur.

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6o the following statements agree with the information given in %eading

#assage 9NIn "oes #2 on your ans(er sheet (rite

YES if the statement agrees (ith the information- if the statement )ontradi)ts the information

-T :I;E if there is no information on this

9< ,ritish high schools are offering scholarships during their one/

week course on

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9+ Americans and &hinese are more willing to take the risk of

starting their own business.

95 Silicon -alley is the best place to be for budding entrepreneurs.

9L ,iotech companies are as profitable as IT companies.

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GG'READI@ 0ASSA@E =

You shoud s!end a"out #0 minutes onQuestions 2!-#(hi)h are "ased on

*eading Passage ' "eo(.

ForensicsThe police force has come a long way since the medieval days whensuspected criminals were thrown into rivers to determine whether theywere guilty or notX if they floated) they were innocentX if they sank) theywere guilty. These days) high/rating T- programm es such as &SI showexactly how sophisticated the tools police use have become) as well asshowcase the rise of forensic scientists as part of the police force. Aforensic team assists in criminal investigation procedures by drawing onthe knowledge of a number of sciences.

@ne of the most acclaimed forensic experts is 6r 8enry Lee) who hasbeen awarded + honourary doctorates and has worked on over 5)HHHcases) including war crimes in ,osnia and &roatia) the assassination of

former DS president Cohn . 2ennedy and the suicide of former DS#resident &lintons 3hite 8ouse attorney. The resources he draws onare wide and varied.

orensic anthropologists are employed for their skill in recovering andexamining skeletal remains. These experts apply the methods andtechni"ues developed in skeletal biology and osteology to determine thetype of in$ury sustained) the time of death and the sex) age) height)stature) ancestry and medical history of the victim. or example) thecranium or mandible is often used to ascertain sex and ancestry) the


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hands and fingers can be used to establish stature and the sacrumconfirms age) pregnancy and childbirth in females.

Dnlike forensic anthropologists) forensic document examiners can notdetermine the age or gender of a writer. 8owever) they can determinethe

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blood) we can distinguish between identical twins.

,lood splatter analysis provides vital clues to the police. The height and anglefrom which the blood fell can be determined by analysing how it splatters. Thesurface also plays a part in how blood splatters. or instance) blood that hits asmooth) hard surface has very little distortion around the edge. ,lood whic$ilands on linoleum flooring distorts somewhat more) while blood that strikes

wood or concrete distorts to a much larger extent. The force and direction of ablow can also be ascertained by examining blood smeared on

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orensic chemistry and toxicology analyses unknown chemicals and toxins andattempts to trace them to known substances or identify specific origins. These

practices help to identify the cause of death by analysing residues or powdersto determine that a gun was fired or explosives were ignited.

orensic artists put together a composite sketch to help identify a victim or to

track down a suspect. This is a complicated profession) as a forensic artist isntsimply an artist. 8e or she also needs to know about anthropology ifreconstructing a face from skeletal remains. If the sketch includes teeth) theyalso need to know about odontology and if they want to show the effects ofageing) they will need to know about psychology. This science can produceremarkable results. A classic case was that of Cohn Emil List who was caughtas a direct result of using a composite photo almost 9H years after killing hisfamily.

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+om!ete the ta"e "eo( using information from *eading Passage '.

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Write your ans(ers in "oes #&'' on your ans(er sheet.

ForensicScience

RelatedSciences

Analysis CriinalI!lications

Anthropology

to Skeletalremains 6etermine the

v ct ms age)sex) race)6ocumentExaminers

#rintedmatter 6eterm neor g n an t me

Entomology

nGa Insects &on rm t mesince death

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ingerprinting

nGa ingerprints -erify theidentity with a

@dontology nGa/ H...... -erify identityor age)

Serology Immuno ogy)oc em stry

) aemato ogy

,lood andbodily

fluids

6eterminesource of blood

if it containsB......&hemistryGToxicology

nGa &hemicalsand toxins

6eterminetypes ofchemicals and9......byexamining

Artists ............... A useful toolto e p...... characteristics

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$uestions '2&'7

ns(er the Fuestions "eo( using - M-*E TH TH*EE W-*/S from

the !assage for ea)h ans(er.

Write your ans(ers in "oes '2&'7 on your ans(er sheet.

I< 3hich detective series reveals how advanced todays police areN

I+ 3hich president did not make it through a plot to assassinate himN

I5 The study of which bone can identify an expectant motherN

IL 3hy is the study of insects in forensics considered accurateNPM MRIM 3hich two forensic sciences can differentiate between identicaltwinsN

I? 3hich two forensic sciences are needed to make a composite of

a suspect who committed a crime many years agoN

$uestion 20

+hoose the a!!ro!riate diagram &+ and (rite it in "o 20 on your ans(er

sheet.

3hich diagram shows the splatter pattern of blood that has fallen on glassNA

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b Some herbs such as oregano or basil leaves may cause diarrhoeaXimmediately remove the herb from the rabbifs diet if this occurs.

A Sa(e 3a;itat (or &our Ra;;itb #lace all electrical) telephone or computer

wires in plastic tubing to prevent your rabbit from chewing them.b Spraying the tubing with vinegar or bitter apple spray will act as an extradeterrent to your rabbit.b #lace wood or heavy cardboard in gaps under heavy electricalappliances where the rabbit may crawl under) such as refrigerators) stoves)dishwashers) washers or dryers.b urniture) especially the reclining kind) can be lethal for your rabbit if itgets trapped inside.b 3,Ien

Toilets are also a concern as rabbits have been known to $ump inside them) sokeep your toilet seat down and bathroom door shut.

b Ears :inside and out; should not have flakes) sores) discolouration orbumps.b Toenails should be trimmed regularly to the correct length.b Teeth should be correctly aligned and not broken.b 3hen patting) check that there are no unexplained lumps) cuts or bruises.b 1enitals should be dry and clean.b ur vet) as some

Any illnesses your rabbit may be suffering from should be reported

immediately tour vet) as some conditions may kill your pet within minutes.)B sl'eistp"go

Training &our Ra;;itb %abbits like to be praised and not scolded or criticised) so be positive.b %abbits respond best to soft/spoken people.b %abbits need to hear commands more than once) so be repetitive withyour instructions.b )hie


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an up to "-sheet multi-purpose tray are standard.$n addition, the unit serves as a 2% copy-per-

minute, legal-si&e convenience copier and a '"dpi (interpolated) resolution colour flatbed

scanner. *lso included is P+ ax capability, whichallows you to send and receive faxes directly fromyour computer.

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Write your ans(ers in "oes %2&%7 on your ans(er sheet.

((

B< 8ow much credit can students usually get on completion of a Shafston

diplomaN

3hat is issued after tuition has been received by the respective institutionsNe mil km .B5 3here should application forms be posted toNBL 3hat should be attached to the application formsNBM ? )ttr(meiti est # I >>

Dpon receiving a &oE) what can a student make an application forN

B? Apart from 1D) which three other universities can students

transfer toN

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8m3er"+ty Path(ay y

Shafston has established links with ma$or Australian Dniversities. Thesearrangements provide international students who graduate with Shafston6iplomas an opportunity to continue their studies in related university

bachelor degree programmes with) in many cases) a full year of academiccredit.

Sha&ston in association "ith @ri&&ith >ni%ersity (@>)b An applicant who satisfies the entry re"uirements for a Shafston

6iploma is guaranteed an offer of admission to a related 1riffith Dniversitydegree programme upon successful completion of the Shafston 6iploma.b Letters of acceptance from both Shafston and 1riffith Dniversity are

issued upfront at the time of making an initial application to study) and&onfirmations of Enrolment :&oE; for both institutions are granted once

payment is received.b @nly one student visa application is re"uired for a full/packagedpathway.

Entry 0rocessb Students should complete the Shafston application form for the chosen

diploma and the 1riffith Dniversity application for the 1riffith degree. ,othforms are sent to Shafston for processingacademic transcripts from priorstudy are re"uired.b Shafston will send the student or agent offer letters and invoices for both

courses.b The student is re"uired to pay tuition fees for only the first semester of

the Shafston 6iploma and related application fees.b Dpon receiving confirmation of initial payment) Shafston will arrange

for &oEs for both courses to be sent to the student or agent.

b The student must now submit hisGher student visa application to coverthe full programme and must begin preparations for study in Australia.

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Sha&ston to other >ni%ersities&redit for studies completed at Shafston Institute of Technology andShafston 7ursing is accepted at universities throughout Australia. Inaddition to credit arrangements already detailed at 1riffith Dniversity) it is

possible to gain up to a full year of credit towards diplomas at other ma$orDniversities. In ,risbane) the !ueensland Dniversity of Technology :!DT;and the Australian &atholic Dniversity :A&D; provide credit transfers for,usiness 6iplomas completed at Shafston. The Dniversity of !ueensland:D!; also recognises B transfer arrangements at this premier


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Shafston to The Dniversity of !ueensland :D!;eatures of the Shafston to The Dniversity of !ueensland undergraduatecredit transfer arrangement for ,usiness(

Students who satisfactorily complete the Shafston 6iploma in International

,usiness :6I,; or 6iploma in ,usiness Information Systems :6,IS;

course re"uirements and who satisfy the Dniversity of !ueensland :D!;aculty of ,usiness Economics Law :,EL; entry re"uirements will beentitled to apply for credit.

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B'G$uestions #0

*ead the information on Eastern Em!ire 9urniture S!e)iaists on the

foo(ing !ages.+om!ete the senten)es "eo( "y )hoosing - M-*E TH TH*EE

W-*/S from the !assage for ea)h ans(er.

Write your ans(ers in "oes #0 on your ans(er sheet.

9H The founding members of the company are of heritage.

To begin with) the family focused on accumulating and fixing

. 99 Straightforward and practical furniture appealed toforward and practic

.......w.9I............... urniture of the was adorned with precious gems and

metals.9


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The Liu family) founders of Eastern Empire urniture) have their roots firmlyplaced in the #eoples %epublic of &hina and have over three generations offurniture trading in their bloodline. The Lius continue to add value to theirgenerational relationship network and grow new strategic partnerships oflongevity and mutual' u >

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@riginally collectors and restorers of &hinese anti"ue furniture and preciousartefacts from the 0ing and !ing dynasties) the family business has evolved todesign and develop contemporary furniture.

3hat makes the Liu familys design so compelling is that it draws on thesimplicity and natural beauty of the 0ing 6ynasty to make each piecefunctional) alluring and a perfect compliment to modern living. This simplisticyet elegant design was preferred by intellectuals known as the Shi 6a uduring the 0ing 6ynasty.

6uring the !ing 6ynasty) furniture became more complex and intricate in

design and was embellished with gold) silver) $ade) and ivory. Such furniture)which is heavier and bigger than that of the 0ing 6ynasty) aimed to please theemperors court) aristocrats and wealthy businessmen.

Two types of wood are used to represent the two dynasties. irstly) 8uang 8uaLi :dalbergia odorifera;) which is a member of the rosewood family) wasgranted by the emperor) who received it as a gift from other countries)

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to members of the imperial family or to those who were victorious in war.Secondly) itan :#terocarpus;) an extremely rare tropical hardwood of theLeguminosae family) could only be used by the imperial family as its deep

purple colour was the colour reserved for the emperor.

Eastern Empire embraces the best of Eastern artistry and age/oldengineering practices while at the same time blending it with 3estern"uality assurance and the IS@ ?HHB manufacturing processes. The Liufamily invites you to meet _ specialists who would be more thanhappy

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SECTI$ =Questions 27-#

$uestions #5&'#

*ead the noti)e on the foo(ing !ages a"out seafood.

The notice has seven sections A/1.

+hoose the most suita"e heading for ea)h se)tion from the ist of headings


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"eo(. Write the a!!ro!riate num"ers i-xii in "oes #5&'# on your ans(er

sheet.

SIeS0S -ist o& 3eadings

i A fish boning method

ii A gutting and scalingmethod

iii A fish preservation method

i% A method to distinguish"uality seafood

- The best temperatures forseafood

%i A day at the fish markets

%ii At the fish markets

%iii The impact of overfishing

i Seafood industry issues Some nutrients for fishi A healthy diet of seafood

ii The best time to buyseafood

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Eam!e ns(erSection A vii

9L Section ,9M Section &9? Section 6IH Section EIB Section Section 1
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irst of all is smellthe product should exude a pleasant fresh sea aroma. Interms of appearance) look for skin and scales that are bright and lustrous andgills that are bright pink/red. inally) touch the fish to ensure the flesh is firmand springs back when pressed. 3hen looking to buy fish fillets or cutlets)check there is no discolouration) gaping or bruising. or crustaceans andmolluscs) check that all

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parts are intact such as the head) shell and tentacles.

Section D@nce snapped up) the seafood also needs to be stored safely and hygienically.&arry fish in an esky or cooler from the markets or ask the fishmonger to packthe catch with ice. @n arriving home) scale) clean) gut and rinse the fish) whichcan be safely kept in the refrigerator for 9/ days before consumption.&rustaceans and molluscs should be eaten on the same day. If longer periods of

storage are re"uired for your seafood) a freeèr set at /BM degrees &elsius orlower must be used. Dnder such conditions) the fish will keep for between /5months depending on the type. %emember that the fish should be placed in anairtight freeèr bag) labelled and dated. Dnpeeled prawns need to be placed inwater and froèn as a block to be most hygienic.

Section E3hen the time comes to prepare the seafood smorgasbord) there is a simpletechni"ue for filleting fish such as Sea ,ream. This procedure is best done in asink or outside as scales are prone to fly off in all directions. 8old the tail ofthe fish up slightly and with a knife scale the fish down towards the head. 3itha sharp knife) slit the belly of the fish and gently pull out the insides before

thoroughly washing and rinsing the fish in and out under cold running water.&ut the fish behind the gills and slice down the length of the fish toward thetail and against the backbone. To peel the skin) dip fingers in salt for extra gripand press down firmly. Slice from the tail between the flesh and the skin)cutting and lifting skin as you go.

Section F7ot only should your fish now be fresh and tasty) the most nutrition will alsobe gained from it. @n average) seafood contains less than 9U fat and has lowercholesterol than even the leanest of meats or chicken. This means by eatingseafood regularly) you can lower your cholesterol and reduce the risk of heart

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disease. Seafood is also higher in protein compared to meat and chicken as wellas high in iodine) `inc) potassium) phosphorus and -itamin ,. =ou may have

heard of @mega ) which many people take now in tablet form. It is derivedfrom the fat in fish and can help prevent blood clots) reduce the risk of heartdisease) and prevent asthma in children and diabetes. %esearch is also beingcarried out to substantiate on how it fights cancers and rheumatoid arthritis.

Section C[r these reasons) the consumption of seafood has become more and more

popular in todays more health/conscious society. 8owever) this same society isalso environmentally conscious) so your choice of fish is important. The tunafishing industry saw its environmentally unfriendly practices change after theoutcry over the number of dolphins that were killed while catching this well/liked fish. @verfishing) as with bycatch) is also a ma$or problem in many areas.

In the past) trawlers off 7ew England had trouble pushing through all the codXthese days there are barely any left. Although we now have fish farms thatsupply a great amount of seafood) their small) enclosed spaces often mean thewater becomes unacceptably polluted) on top of doing irreparable damage tothe coastline where they are built. 6oing your homework on suppliers willmake your seafood smorgasbord all the more delicious.

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$uestions ''&'6

+hoose the a!!ro!riate etters &/ and (rite them in "oes ''&'6 on your

ans(er sheet

II 8ow many species of fish are there at Tsuki$iNA Almost


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'aDiTA, +(H

am.& M

am.6

I+ 3hich is 7@T a characteristic of high "uality fresh seafoodN A

Shiny outer appearance.

, lesh bounces back "uickly when touched.

& illets of an unappealing colour.

6 The shell is not cracked.

I5 8ow should seafood be stored at homeN

A In an esky or cooler.

, @n ice.

& In the fridge for /5 months.

6 In a sealed bag.

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reflect the entire paragraph.

b #aragraph , mentions when hybrids were first popular and then whenthey-bfecame'&in6oltillrC -$I Rb iv is incorrect) as although it mentions the past in paragraph ,) it doesnot mention how they worked.

I. ib #aragraph & mentions the effect driving a car has on our standard ofliving(b vii is incorrect as although oil is mentioned) it does not say that the

prices are rising. @il is only one part of the paragraph and does not reflect itsentirety.


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/674 +i##i!n eve% %ea."

BH. crops lose yieldb The answer is located in the final sentence of paragraph &."!*s #!se thei %ie#d as a esu#t ! the *!##uti!n..."

BB. ru;;er

b The answer is located in the seventh sentence of paragraph &."044 mi##i!n t%es ae st!ck*i#ed each %ea, $hi#e t%es in use #!se!ne *!und ! u++e *e %ea !n aveae, $hich #ies in minute2uantities int! the ai and entes !u #uns ! ivesj \

s. v i v ^$i v iB9. sleep deprivation**stressb The answer is located in the sixth sentence of paragraph &."N!ise *!##uti!n !m taic, stee!s and a#ams is at an a##)time hih,esu#tin in s#ee* de*ivati!n and stess, am!n !the thins."

BI. 6GG1b Answer 6 is located in the final sentence of paragraph E."And $ith!ut the d!ne ! !a ! as enines the% a#s! #endthemse#ves t! sca#in d!$n n!ise *!##uti!n, un#ess ! c!use %!u ae+#astin s!me tunes !ut ! %!u s*eakes."b Answer 1 is located in the third sentence of paragraph .

"-the advantaes inc#ude #!$e maintenance c!sts, ta5 incentives,and hihe esa#e va#ues "b A is incorrect as although it mentions one problem is rubber) itdoes not mention that hybrids can lessen the amount burnt.b , is incorrect because it states that there is a waiting list) so buyers must

be patient.b & is incorrect as although rich and famous people drive them) itdoesnt mention that only they can afford them.b E is incorrect as although it mentions leaking fuels as a problem) it doesnot mention that hybrids leak less.b is incorrect because hybrids are more fuel efficient.b 8 is incorrect because it states that maintenance costs are low.

B


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$!ks #ike a adi! e2uenc% identiicati!n t! tack and ta catt#e."


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b The answer is located in the second sentenceof the fifth paragraph." This is a va#id meth!d as insects +ehave *edicta+#%."

aein, the% $i## need t! kn!$ a+!ut *s%ch!#!%."b Artist as an answer is incorrect as the person :artist; needs to change tothe science :art; for the answer to be correct.

#D$ Ab The answer is located in the fourth sentence of the ninth paragraph."C! instance, +#!!d that hits a sm!!th, had suace has ve% #itt#edist!ti!n a!und the ede."

?$ (ingerprints and serology The answer is located in the sixth and eighth paragraph.

"Cine*ints, #ike &NA, ae used t! identi% a *es!n.Identica# t$ins d! n!t have identica# ine*ints des*itehavin the same &NA." "C!ensic se!#!!ists e5amine+#!!d and +!di#% #uids ...B% ana#%sin the anti+!d%

*!i#e in +#!!d, $e can distinuish +et$een identica#t$ins."

?G$ art and psychology The answer is located in the final paragraph.

"C!ensic atists *ut t!ethe a c!m*!site sketch t! he#*identi% a victim ! t! tack d!$n a sus*ect,.. and i the%$ant t! sh!$ the eects !

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Achie%eent Test +


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"An% i##nesses %!u a++it ma% +e suein !m sh!u#d +e e*!tedimmediate#% t! %!u vet, as s!me c!nditi!ns ma% ki## v!u *et $ithinminutes."

J$TThe answer is located in the first point of the final section.

a++its #ike t! +e *aised and n!t sc!#ded ! citicised, s! +e *!sitive"

K$ 67It mentions that owners need to be patient but there is no mention of rabbits

being impatient.

$ )b The answer is located in the third and fourth sentences."&!u+#e)sided d!cument *intin, a5 eceivin and c!*%..." V... aF744 d*i (inte*!#atedG es!#uti!n c!#!u #at+ed scanne."

?. Ab The answer is located in the first sentence." This hih)2ua#it% #ase c!*ie !es c!*%in s*eeds ! u* t!

**m and scan)!nce, !int)manv ca*a+i#it%."BH. %b The answer is located in the first and last sentences." This c!mmecia# ase Ca5 $ith 0 MB ! mem!%...""... it a#s! c!*iesat u* t! ? **m, s!ts, en#aes and educes."


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standads in 2ua#it%, $hi#st maintainin ease ! use and a!da+#e*ice."


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99. intellectuals**Shi %a Fub The answer is located in the third paragraph.

" What makes the iu ami#%'s desin s! c!m*e##in is that it da$s!n the sim*#icit% and natua# +eaut% ! the Min &%nast% t! makeeach *iece uncti!na#, a##uin and a *eect c!m*#iment t! m!den#ivin. This sim*#istic %et e#eant desin $as *eeed +vinte##ectua#s kn!$n as the /hi &a Cu duin the Min &%nast%."

9I. ing %ynastyb The answer is located in the first sentence of the fourth paragraph. "Puinathe @in &%nast%, unitue +ecame m!e c!m*#e5 and inticate indesin and $as em+e##ished $ith !#d, si#ve, iade. and iv!% "

9


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#D$ E? assca#es ae !!ate/ answer is located in the second

*!cedue it'tside as sca#es ae'/i

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compelling B? GkarnpeliiQG ad$ective IA+tjiX


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consecutive MM Gksrfsek$utivG ad$ective Smelly feet can be avoided by washing regularly) keeping yourfeet dry) letting them breathe and not wearing the same shoes on consecutivedays.

consolation BB< G.konsalei$anG noun tt, As a consolation) users will be able to use +B9 0, flashmemory cards and are provided with < DS, ports.constitute 5B Akonstit$uitG verb The textile garment sector relies heavily on the production ofcotton) which .constitutes BHU of the worlds agriculture.construction ;oomB95 Gksn strAkCsn phrase

Statistics aside) this population shift is the prime stimulus for theconstruct

IELTS Precise Reading (IELTS 9)

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Transcript of IELTS Precise Reading (IELTS 9)