IEEE Tutorial on IPTVIPTV End-User SystemShuji HirakawaToshiba Corporation

IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting / Associate EditorProceedings of the IEEE, Editorial Board MemberIEC Technical Committee 100 (TC 100) SecretaryITU-R Working Party 6M (WP 6M) Vice Chairman

2ContentsDr. Sheaus question and his answersTelco IPTV service types

The number of FTTH service subscribers in JapanExisting FTTH services

International Standardizations IEC TC 100 and its Technical Area 9 for end-user networkingITU-T FG on IPTV Working Group 5 for end system

MPEG2-TS or MPEG-PSTelco IPTV service using MPEG2-TS and MPEG-PS

Requirement for IPTV end-user devicesEnd-user device block diagram and protocol stackOther requirements for IPTV end-user devices

End-user network and IPTV services

3What is IPTV?Dr. Sheau Ng (Vice President, NBC Universal) raised the question what IPTV is. He gave us the following answers in his paper: Internet Video (Type 1)Telco IPTV (Type 2)TV Over Net or Web TV (Type 3)

End-user devices should receive as many services as possible.Detailed descriptions of three types are in the following:

4Type 1: Internet Video (TV)Video content that is streamed over the internet to a home PC. User has to navigate, typically via the web browser on their home PC, to a particular website, selects the desired video contents to be viewed, and wait for the video streaming to begin.Typically, content is viewed on the PC display, rather than a television display, unlike traditional TV content. Users usually need traditional PC navigation devices, such as a keyboard and a mouse, to interact with the application and make his/her content selection.In the first presentation, it is called as Internet TV.

E.g., YouTube, Google Video, etc in USA Gyao, etc in Japan.

5Type 2: Telco IPTVVideo services comprising a line-up of traditional TV programs, often in metaphors familiar to traditional TV users. Users typically can choose to watch a channel of linear TV content. The service is very similar, and sometimes identical, to a cable or satellite TV service. A set-top-box (STB) is used to provide the video signal to a TV receiver display in consumer's home.In some cases, a digital TV setcan be a target receiver of telco IPTV services.The user typically uses a remote control to navigate, select and interact with contents.

6Type 3: TV Over Net or Web TVA new TV receiver, or an adapter box, will have an Ethernet (RJ-45) jack that is used by the TV to navigate out onto the internet to access specific websites where either live or on-demand video content can be streamed to the TV. In some parts of the world, such as Japan and parts of Europe, TV receivers that previously use the internet to access non-video data (e.g., local weather, traffic conditions, sports score, etc.) are now able to access video content over the internet. User uses a remote control to navigate, through the internet-enabled TV receivers, the content selection.

7Telco IPTV Service TypesLinear IPTV (Type 2) is exactly the same multi-channel television service as Cable Television and Satellite Television systems are providing. (I learned the fact at Telecom 2006 in Hong Kong)

Cable Television + DOCSIS (high-speed internet / IP-phone) = Triple-PlayTelephone + Cupper-DSL (high-speed internet + IPTV) = Triple-PlayFTTH (High-speed internet + IP-phone + IPTV) = Triple-Play

An additional element is VoD for which conventional Cable Television systems are not so suitable.There are quite deferent roll-out plans of IPTV services region by region.

In USA, telco IPTV providers are competing with Cable Television Multiple-System Operators. MSOs are still dominant in USA and triple-play providers.In Japan, FTTH becomes quite popular right now. FTTH subscribersincreased 61 % in Year 2006 and became 8.80 Millions while high-speed Cable Internet subscribers were 3.61 Millions as of the end of 2006.

8High-speed internet access subscribers in Japan

Horizontal: Time, e.g. [18 ] 2006, Vertical: The number of subscribers in 10 thousand.

9Existing FTTH servicesI am receiving several advertising leaflets inserted into newspapers in a week.There are two major FTTH providers in my area.

One provider serves 100 Mbit/sec access per subscriber.The other serves shared 100 Mbit/sec access for individual household however it has additional optical-RF transmission multi-channel TV service using wavelength multiplexing (Sky-Perfect Optical).

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Two examples of triple-play service using FTTH

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International Standardization Activities in IECEnd-user system comprises terminal (device) and end-user network.International Electrotechnical Committee TC 100 (Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment) has two Technical Areas (TAs):

IEC TC 100/TA 1: Terminals for audio, video and data services and contentIEC TC 100/TA 9: Audio, video and multimedia applications for end-user network

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IP connection within end-user networkIEC TC 100 has developed two International Standards based on DLNA Specifications.

IEC 62481-1 Ed.1: DLNA Home networked device interoperability guidelines - Part 1: Architecture and ProtocolsIEC 62481-2 Ed.1: DLNA Home networked device interoperability guidelines - Part 2: Media Formats See next page

DTCP-IP allows end-user IP network to carry HDTV content between TV receiver and digital recording devices under localization restriction (a measured RTT should be less than 7 milliseconds.)

DTCP: Digital Transmission Content ProtectionRTT: Round Trip Time

An end-user device with HDTV video decoding capability has high-speed IP connectivity using an RJ-45 connector at least. Show an example later

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Standardization in ITU-T Focus Group on IPTVITU-T Focus Group on IPTV is discussing mainly Type 2 system (Telco IPTV).ITU-T FG IPTV WG 5 (end systems) is divided into two sub-working groups:

Terminal devices (TDs) / End-user devicesHome network / End-user network

Access GW

Primary Domain

(IP-HN-P) IPTV TD

Secondary Domain

IPTV-NW (e.g. NGN)

IP (IP-HN-S)

non-IP (PR-HN-S)

HN-TD

IP-HN-P: IP Home Network Primary IP-HN-S: IP Home Network Secondary PR-HN-S: Proprietary Home Network Secondary

U- Interface

NT

BC-NW

IPI-4 IPI-3 IPI-1 IPI-0/IP1-1

Home Network

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MPEG2-TS or MPEG-PS Linear IPTV (Type 2) is using MPEG2-TS mechanism.

Some channels of Linear IPTV services come from off-air digital television broadcasting that are using MPEG2-TS.MPEG2-TS may be recorded directly by end-user recording devices.

Telco IPTV enterprise may provide also VoD service using file downloading mechanism into end-user recording media.

Playback from end-user recording media is using MPEG-PS mechanism.

Internet TV (Type 1) providers also use MPEG-Program Stream (MPEG-PS) file downloading mechanism

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MPEG2-TS or MPEG-PS (Cont.)Video content is encoded into Elementary Stream (ES) by MPEG2/4-AVC Encoder.ES is transformed into Packetized Elementary Stream (PES)Linear IPTV service is based on MPEG2-Transport Stream (MPEG2-TS).

PES is carried by MPEG2-TS or MPEG-PS.MPEG2-TS makes use of PCR information in order to lock MPEG decoding 27 MHz clock to encoding 27 MHz clock frequency.MPEG2-TS makes use of push technology.

Almost of all VoD services are based on MPEG-PS.There is no need to lock MPEG decoding 27 MHz to any frequency resources. MPEG-PS is based on pull technology supposing sufficient buffer storage without buffer-full nor buffer-empty.

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An example of Telco IPTV services

Off-air channel re-broadcasting Linear IPTV

MPEG2-TS/PES

Off-air channel Data Broadcasting

MPEG2-TS/Section Carousel Transmission

Original Channels

LinearIPTV

Content Downloading

VoD

Using MPEG-

PS

IP Multicast IP UnicastS

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r

e

a

m

T

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F

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Requirement of IPTV end-user devicesSet Top Box or Digital Television Receiver?Some of STBs may be distribute to IPTV subscribers (end-users) by a Telco IPTV enterprise while some of them are obtained from retail market.

Distributed STBs by some Telco IPTV enterprises may have walled garden restriction for linear TV and VoD services. HDTV output of STB may be displayed on a TV receiver using HDMI.

All digital television receivers are from retail market.End-users are like to connect their own property, TV receivers, to any possible source including off-air terrestrial RF channels, satellite channels, any STBs, Internet TV, telco IPTV, WebTV, etc.Current digital TV receiver has a lot of connecters on its back panel including HDMIs, VDIs, Terrestrial Coax, Satellite Coax, IEEE-1394s, RJ-45s, etc. Show an example later.

Remote controller and large screen display

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IPTV Terminal Device Block Diagram (FG IPTV)

Functional Architecture Block diagram of IPTV Terminal DeviceFrom FG IPTV Doc. 125

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An example of end-user device block diagram

RFTuner

RF signalFront End Processor

De-scramble

Com

munication

Processing

Coax

Streamingprocess

De-cipher

Port

MP

EG

2-TS D

e-MU

X

AudioDecoder

VideoDecoder

Caption

SI/EPG

BMLBrowserMPEG-PSPlayerControl

Post P

rocess/Overlay

AudioO

utH

DM

IIR

Rem

oteC

ontroller

BCASCard

SecurityModule

Internet Access

VoD ControlIPTV Channel

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Protocol Stack for Off-Air digital broadcasting

MPEG2-TS (TS packet)

Section PES Section

EachCommunication

Protocol

Mono-media coding

Video/audio Data stream

Subtitle,Superimpose

Multimedia coding

Multimedia serviceTV, audio

Service

CarouselTransmission

Format

PHY of Digital Broadcasting System

OFDM/FEC, 8Vsb/FEC for terrestrial

QPSK/8-PSK/FEC for satellite

Two-way Network

(non-mobile network, mobile

network)

From ARIB STD-B24

PSI/SI

Programindex

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Protocol Stack for Linear IPTV Services

MPEG2-TS (TS packet)Section PES Section

CommunicationProtocol

for TCP/IP

Mono-media coding

Video/audio Data stream

Subtitle,SuperimposePSI/SI

Programindex

Multimedia coding

Multimedia serviceTV, audioService

Carousel Transmission

Format

IP

UDP

Realtime Transport Protocol TCP

Typical Linear IPTV Service Protocol Stack

Time-stamped TS / PCR de-jitter

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Requirement for recording and/or retentionRegardless of types of end-user devices, IPTV STB or digital TV receiver, end-user devices may have retention and/or recording capability using digital recording media, such as HDD.

Next digital TV receiver has a USB connector for external HDDs in addition to LAN connection.

There are many rules and technologies to protect content rights and businesses.

It is very hard to foresee the future of this area right now.Content protection scheme is deeply influenced by relevant all service providers (content, access, IPTV service, etc.)Removable security device is one solution.

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An example of digital TV receiver back panelIt has three RJ-45 connectors:

one for a direct connection to HGW for 4th MEDIA (Linear IPTV and VoD provider using FTTH)One for external HDD for recording and retentionOne for general purpose IP connection, for special EPG, Internet TV including Actvila (www.actvila.jp), etc.

RJ-45 x 3:for HDD, for General Purpose, and for 4th MEDIA

HDMI x 2for 1080/60P

USB for HDD

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End-user network and IPTV services

This diagram may represent topological connection between Telco IPTV service providers and end-user devices (TV sets or STBs) including end-user networkEnd-user network is complicated for IPTV subscribers and also for IPTV service providers.

Audience rateserver

Broad casting

Content provider

Content Delivery PF

Multicast network

Video stream

Channel Info.

HGW: Home gate way

TV for IPTV service

STB

HGWSTB

Content delivery center

DBAudience rate

reports TV for IPTV service

Router

TV for IPTV service

System architecture of audience rating system from FG IPTV Doc. 125

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Primary and secondary domains of end-user networkEnd-user network is consist of primary domain network and secondary domain network according to the ITU-T FG IPTV Document 126.An IPTV end-user device can be connected to an Access Network through the Access Gateway and Primary Domain Network, Secondary Domain Networks in addition to RF connection to Broadcasting Service Network.

Access GW

Primary Domain

(IP-HN-P) IPTV TD

Secondary Domain

IPTV-NW (e.g. NGN)

IP (IP-HN-S)

non-IP (PR-HN-S)

HN-TD

IP-HN-P: IP Home Network Primary IP-HN-S: IP Home Network Secondary PR-HN-S: Proprietary Home Network Secondary

U- Interface

NT

BC-NW

IPI-4 IPI-3 IPI-1 IPI-0/IP1-1

Home Network

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PHYs of end-user networkThere are four media for end-user network PHY layer.

Regular wired connection: Category 5/6/7 twisted pair linePower Line TransmissionTV Antenna Coaxial Cable TransmissionWireless Transmission

An access provider in Japan is proposing its subscriber to rent any end-user network media except regular wired connection.

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Requirement for end-user network connectivityRecording capability is very important for IPTV STB and digital TV receiver.DLNA provides content viewing of recording equipment (Digital Media Server) by a large screen flat panel display such as digital TV receiver (Digital Media Player).Content including HDTV is transmitted over IP connection of end-user network.IP connection is protected by DTCP-IP in case of Japan.End-user network is existing while there are so many cases household by household.

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ClosingTelco IPTV services are quite similar to multi-channel cable television services by Cable TV MSO.End-users/IPTV Subscribers are like to connect their digital TV to any possible video sources, such as off-air channels, satellite-channels, premium channels, Internet TVs, Webs, etc.TV is with large screen and remote-controller for watching with sit-back situation.Recent digital TV receiver is just as same as PC considering their hardware architecture.IP connection devices are extremely cheap and easy to obtain from retail market.End-user network is existing but complicated.

Thank you for your attention

Shuji Hirakawa, IEC TC 100 Secretary

shuji.hirakawa@toshiba.co.jp

IEEE Tutorial on IPTVIPTV End-User SystemContentsWhat is IPTV?Type 1: Internet Video (TV)Type 2: Telco IPTVType 3: TV Over Net or Web TVTelco IPTV Service TypesHigh-speed internet access subscribers in JapanExisting FTTH servicesTwo examples of triple-play service using FTTHInternational Standardization Activities in IECIP connection within end-user networkStandardization in ITU-T Focus Group on IPTVMPEG2-TS or MPEG-PS MPEG2-TS or MPEG-PS (Cont.)An example of Telco IPTV servicesRequirement of IPTV end-user devicesIPTV Terminal Device Block Diagram (FG IPTV)An example of end-user device block diagramProtocol Stack for Off-Air digital broadcastingProtocol Stack for Linear IPTV ServicesRequirement for recording and/or retentionAn example of digital TV receiver back panelEnd-user network and IPTV servicesPrimary and secondary domains of end-user networkPHYs of end-user networkRequirement for end-user network connectivityClosingThank you for your attention