IEEE-SA Standardization Activities for Smart Grid in ...
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IEEE-SA Standardization Activities
for Smart Grid
in Communications & Networking
Max Riegel
Nokia Siemens Networks
Chair IEEE 802 OmniRAN EC SG
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Source: NIST/EPRI Architecture Task Group
Smart Grid Conceptual Model
Priority areas of focus:
• Demand response
• Wide-area situational awareness
• Electric storage
• Electric transportation
• Advanced metering
• Distribution grid management
• Cybersecurity
• Data networking
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Broad Categories of Smart Grid
Standardization
• Devices used in
the Smart Grid
• Information and
data structures
• Communications
• Physical Interfaces
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IEEE P2030 Smart Grid
Communications Network
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IEEE P2030 Network Technology
Standards Mapping
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IEEE 802 Groups
IEEE 802.3Ethernet Working
Group
IEEE 802.16Broadband Wireless
Access Working Group
IEEE 802.11Wireless LAN
Working Group
IEEE 802.1Bridging,
ArchitectureWorking Group
IEEE 802.15Wireless Personal Area Networks Working Group
IEEE 802.18Radio Regulatory
Technical Advisory Group
IEEE 802.19Coexistence
Working Group
IEEE 802.21Media Independent
Handoff
IEEE 802.22Wireless Regional
Area Networks Working Group
Disbanded (Inactive and standard withdrawn)IEEE 802.4 Token Bus Working GroupIEEE 802.6 Distributed Queue Dual Bus Working GroupIEEE 802.7 Broadband Technical Advisory Group
IEEE 802.8 Fiber Optic Technical Advisory GroupIEEE 802.9 Integrated Service LAN Working GroupIEEE 802.10 Security Working GroupIEEE 802.14 CATV Working GroupIEEE 802.23 Emergency Services
IEEE 802 Sponsor Executive Committee
Hibernation (Inactive, standard active)IEEE 802.2 LLC Working Group IEEE 802.5 Token Ring Working GroupIEEE 802.12 Demand Priority Working Group
IEEE 802.20 Mobile Broadband WirelessIEEE 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring
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IEEE 802 OmniRAN Executive Committee
Study Group
IEEE 802.24Smart Grid
Technical Advisory Group
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The 802 LAN Architecture
Phy Phy Phy Phy
MAC MAC
LLC LLC
MAC MAC
RELAY
Media Media
Physical
Link
Network
Transport
Session
Presentation
Application
OSI reference
model
(Higher
Layers)
(Higher
Layers)MAC
Bridge
End station
End station
MAC sublayer
Medium
Physical layer
MAC service
user
MAC service
provider
LLC sublayer
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Objective: Specify the means to reliably deliver packetsover a wide range of media types, speeds and distances
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Standards that Define Future
IEEE 802.11TM, “Wi-Fi”
• Originally conceived to link wireless cash registers
• Today underpins revolutionary mobile devices and ever-growing range of applications
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Market Size and Trends
Market size & segment diversity
continues to increase
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2006 2010
De
vic
es (m
illio
n)
Enterprise APs
Home/SOHO
CE
Phones
PCs
Source: In-Stat
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Wi-Fi Alliance
• Founded 1999
• > 400 member companies
• The Wi-Fi Alliance provides:
• Interoperability certification programs• Over 9000 products certified
• Market messaging
http://www.wi-fi.org/
• 517,242 hot spots in 144 countries
Source: JiWirehttp://v4.jiwire.com/search-hotspot-locations.htm
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802.11 Architecture Overview
• Multiple Over the Air PHY options
• One common MAC
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802.11 MAC
b g n ad aca af ah
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P802.11ah – Sub 1 GHz
• Project proposes to use spectrum below 1 GHz.
• Lower frequency will increase range
• Channel bandwidths have typically been 20 MHz or more, channel bandwidth down to 1 MHz specified.
Application Targets
• Sensors and meters for Smart Grid and Healthcare
• Sensors and meters with mobility
• Backhaul Sensor and meter data
• Extended range hotspot and cellular offloading
• Indoor/Outdoor streaming data
• Electronic Menu & Coupon Distribution
• Indoor & Outdoor Location
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Energy-Efficient Ethernet
• Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) is a method to reduce energy used by an Ethernet device during periods of low link utilization
• Specified in IEEE 802.3az-2010™
• The premise for EEE is that Ethernet links have idle time and thus opportunity to save energy
• The method is called Low Power Idle (LPI)
– Concept: Transmit data as fast as possible, return to Low-Power Idle
– Saves energy by cycling between Active and Low Power Idle• Power reduced by turning off unused circuits during LPI
• Energy use scales with bandwidth utilization
• Specified for copper interfaces
– “BASE-T’s’
– Backplane (except 40G)
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Example: link utilization
Snapshot of a File Server with 1 Gb Ethernet link
– Shows time versus utilization (trace from LBNL)
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utilization <=1.0 %Start time 12:33 PM 2/8/2007 (30 min)
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Link power
Results from (rough) measurements
• all incremental AC power
• measuring 1st order
• Typical switch with 24 ports 10/100/1000
• Various computer NICs averaged
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Note: Measurement data from 2006
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Energy Efficient Power over Ethernet
• Power over Ethernet was initially specified by IEEE 802.3af-2003
• Enhanced by IEEE 802.3at-2009 to up to 25.5 W per device
• Main sources of power savings:
• Devices can be remotely powered down when not being used
• Better switching efficiency of power supplies
• Shared power supply can better balance load and avoid idle
switching losses
• EEPoE further reduces DC power losses over Ethernet cables by making use of all 4-pairs wiring by up to 3.13W per link
• IEEE 802.3af devices as well as IEEE 802.3at devices are able to receive power over all the 4-pairs of wires
Technology Savings When becoming effective
EEE over GbE ~ 1W per link when link is idle
EEPoE w/ .3af ~ 0.6W per link when power is supplied over wires
EEPoE w/ .3at ~ 2.1 W per link when power is supplied over wires
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Market Size and Trends
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IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) standards
hierarchy
802.3 802.11 802.15 802.16 802.22
IEEEISO/IEC 3GPPIETF
802.16.3
Performance Metrics 802.16.2
Heterogeneous Networks
Completed
Active – Grid relevant
Active – Not grid relevant
Initiating work
1a
1b
802.16.1
16n
16p
High Reliability
Machine to Machine
WiMAX
WiMAX 2
802.16-2012
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802.16/WiMAX for Smart Grid FAN
• Flexibility to operate in various spectrum allocations from 700MHz to 5GHz
• Able to support TDD and FDD spectrum
– TDD primary (most common)
– TDD enables a wider, dynamic mix of UL / DL bandwidth
• Evolutionary path –same network, same spectrum, incremental upgrade possible moving to 802.16m
• Specific enhancements for SG applications
– 802.16n –addresses utility grade reliability
– 802.16p –addresses machine to machine
• Architecture meets Smart Grid (utility) needs
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Smart Energy & Home Automation
Utility AMINetwork
Programmable
Communicating
Thermostat (PCT)
Energy Services
Portal
(Electric Meter or Gateway)
HVAC
System
Load Control
Device
In-Home
Display
ZigBee Home Automation solutions based upon 802.15.4 Standards
Mobile
Phone
ZigBee
HAN
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ZigBee Smart Energy Standard
Supported Features Include:
• Basic metering [measurements, historical info, etc]
• Demand Response (DR) and Load Control
Pricing[multiple units & currencies, price tiers, etc.]
• Text messages
• Device support for Programmable Communicating Thermostats (PCTs), Load Controllers, Energy Management Systems, In Home Displays (IHDs), etc.
• Security to allow consumer only, utility only, or shared networks
• Support for water and gas
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British Gas plans to install up to 2 million ZigBee Smart Energy equipped
gas and electric smart meters
The in-home system architecture has 4
main components: 1. Gas Meter
2. Electricity Meter
3. Telecommunications Hub (comms hub)
4. In home display unit (IHD)
Business partners include: mobile
operator Vodafone; billing systems SAP; software and communications
firms, OSIsoft and Trilliant; and global
smart meter manufacturer, Landis+Gyr
British Gas Deployment
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Other IEEE Standards
for Smart Grid Networks
• IEEE 1901™ – Standard for Broadband over Power Line Networks: Medium Access Control and Physical Layer Specifications
• IEEE P1901.2 ™ – Standard for Low Frequency (Less Than 500 kHz) Narrow Band Power Line Communications for Smart Grid Applications
• IEEE 1905.1™ – Standard for a Convergent Digital Home Network for Heterogeneous Technologies
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Purchasing IEEE Standards
IEEE Standards Store
http://standards.ieee.org/store
IEEE Get ProgramSelected IEEE standards are available for download at no
charge (including IEEE 802).
http://standards.ieee.org/about/get/index.html
Get Involved
http://standards.ieee.org/
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Hvala!
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