IEEE 802.16 Broadb -...
23
Cover Sheet for Presentation to IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access Working Group (Rev. 0) Document Number: IEEE 802.16sub10p-00/07 Title: MMDS Background Date Submitted: 2000-03-03 Source: Lamar Bishop Voice: 919-850-0611 GartnerGroup Fax: 919-878-8244 5000 Falls of Neuse Road E-mail: [email protected] Raleigh, NC 27609 Menashi Shahar, Chet Shirali Vyyo Inc. (Formerly Phasecom Inc.) 20400 Stevens Creek Blvd., Suite 800 Cupertino, CA 95014 George Fishel Communications Consulting Services Shermans Dale PA Venue: 802.16, PAR802.16.3 Sub10GHz Base Document: NA Purpose: Background and Tutorial only. Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE 802.16. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by 802.16. IEEE Patent Policy: The contributor is familiar with the IEEE Patent Policy, which is set forth in the IEEE-SA Standards Board Bylaws < http://standards. ieee .org/guides/bylaws> and includes the statement: “IEEE standards may include the known use of patent(s), including patent applications, if there is technical justification in the opinion of the standards-developing committee and provided the IEEE receives assurance from the patent holder that it will license applicants under reasonable terms and conditions for the purpose of implementing the standard.”
Transcript of IEEE 802.16 Broadb -...
Cover Sheet for Presentation to IEEE 80216 Broadband Wireless Access Working Group (Rev 0)
Document Number IEEE 80216sub10p-0007Title MMDS BackgroundDate Submitted
2000-03-03Source
Lamar Bishop Voice 919-850-0611GartnerGroup Fax 919-878-82445000 Falls of Neuse Road E-mail lamarbishopgartnercomRaleigh NC 27609
Menashi Shahar Chet ShiraliVyyo Inc (Formerly Phasecom Inc)20400 Stevens Creek Blvd Suite 800Cupertino CA 95014
George FishelCommunications Consulting ServicesShermans Dale PA
Venue 80216 PAR802163 Sub10GHzBase Document NAPurpose Background and Tutorial onlyNotice
This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE 80216 It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on thecontributing individual(s) or organization(s) The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after furtherstudy The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add amend or withdraw material contained herein
Release The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by 80216IEEE Patent Policy
The contributor is familiar with the IEEE Patent Policy which is set forth in the IEEE-SA Standards Board Bylawslthttpstandardsieeeorgguidesbylawsgt and includes the statement ldquoIEEE standards may include the known use of patent(s)including patent applications if there is technical justification in the opinion of the standards-developing committee and provided theIEEE receives assurance from the patent holder that it will license applicants under reasonable terms and conditions for the purpose ofimplementing the standardrdquo
March 2000 2IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Background
History
MarketSpectrum
TechnologyPlatform
Standards
March 2000 3IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS History
bull Lottery of 1983 - launch of modern MMDS protected serviceareas (PSA) 15 miles
bull 94-95 Change of PSA to 35 miles
bull BTA auctions 95-96ndash Ownership obtained in areas where there was no coveragendash Others were grandfathered
bull ITFS Educational Servicesndash Many local governmental and educational institutionsndash Eager to make deals to meet local needs (video broadcast)
ndash Very interested in high speed Internet
MDS MMDS ITFS intended to serve the unserved withEntertainment and Educational Television
MDS MMDS ITFS intended to serve the unserved withEntertainment and Educational Television
March 2000 4IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
FCC Progressively Opens Spectrum forCompetition in Broadband
bull In October 1996 Wireless Service spectrum was given the go-ahead to offer wireless Internet and digital video
bull In March 1997 Wireless Service operators requested the abilityto transmit two-way
bull After numerous delays the FCC is expected to grant two-waylicenses in 2000 Filings required with proof of non-interference
bull A number of two-way temporary licenses have been granted bythe FCC Trials and service underway
March 2000 5IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Service Provider Consolidation
bull Sprint and MCI Worldcom buy up spectrum holdersndash Sprint Purchases
bull American Telecastingbull PCTV
ndash MCI Worldcom
bull Wireless Onebull CAI
ndash Major Independentbull Heartland
bull Sprint and MCI Worldcom merger in works
Sprint an MCI Worldcom addressable market reported to bemore than 60 US market
Sprint an MCI Worldcom addressable market reported to bemore than 60 US market
March 2000 6IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
The OpportunityBroadband Market Projections - US
Source The Strategis Group
BB Service Revenue ($ Billion)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Residential
Business
of BB Customers (millions)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Residential
Business
Quantity favors residential Revenue favors businessMMDS positioned for both
Quantity favors residential Revenue favors businessMMDS positioned for both
March 2000 7IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1990 1998 2002 2004
Bit
Rat
e --
kbp
s
Broadband Demand
bull Broadband is a matter of perceptionndash Sufficient to provide me with a quality servicendash Generally greater than available in PSTN
ndash gt Voice gtISDN moving target
bull Broadband is for datandash Packet IP ATM
ndash Packet voice as data
bull Demand will increase continuouslyndash Inefficient Softwarendash Efficient processors
ndash Information glut
Dem
and
Broadband is driving Voice remains an essential serviceBroadband is driving Voice remains an essential service
March 2000 8IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Target Markets and Services
bull Target Marketsndash Small to Medium Business
ndash SOHO
ndash Residence (especially Technically Affluent Families TAF)ndash Multiple Dwelling Units
bull Target Servicesndash High Speed Internet Access
ndash Work at Home LAN extensionndash Virtual Private Networks
ndash Video -- video conferencing to videophone
ndash PSTN Voice 2nd Line going to primary as customer attitudechanges
Telecommunications is moving from a circuit switched model withdata pretending to be voice to a packet network model with voice
pretending to be data
Telecommunications is moving from a circuit switched model withdata pretending to be voice to a packet network model with voice
pretending to be data
March 2000 9IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Attributes
bull MMDS Advantagesndash Broadband servicendash Large area coverage from hub
ndash Short service activation cyclendash Reach to unserved markets -- Outside ADSL and Cable service
areas
bull Desirable System Attributesndash Flexible access platform
ndash ScalableMigratable productndash Spectrum efficient -- Optimize shared limited resource
ndash Manageable Service volume administration and billing
bull MMDS Solutionsndash Point to Multipoint
ndash Statistical Multiplexing over the air
ndash Packet based
March 2000IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Broadband Access Options
bull Fiber Opticsbull Point-to-Point Microwavebull ADSLbull Cable - HFCbull Point-to-Multipoint Systems
bull LMDS
bull MDS
bull Satellites
Technology and spectrum dictated by marketplacedemands
Technology and spectrum dictated by marketplacedemands
LMDS
MDS
PCS
Fiber
01 1
LOW
HIGH
Su
bsc
rib
er D
ensi
tySubscriber ldquoSizerdquo
SmallResidential
LargeT3+
Cable Modem
ADSLand
Satellite
10Mbps data
March 2000 11IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS vs LMDSSymbiotic Relationship
Low Band Microwave lt10 GHz
bull Narrow bandwidth allocations
bull Largely unaffected by rainndash Spans limited by earthrsquos
curvature -- gt50 km
bull Lower cost -- moreexperience higher quantity
Microwave gt10 GHz(Millimeter Wave)
bull Wider bandwidth allocations-- up to 1 GHz LMDS
bull Rain attenuation increaseswith frequencyndash Practical spans as short as
2 km at 38 GHz
bull Cost high -- but falling withexperience and quantity
2-Way MMDS can serve lowerdensity distributed market
LMDS Service for high marketdensity andor high bandwidth
March 2000 12IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MDS SpectrumITFS MDS and MMDS Channelization - US Model
A1
B1
A2
B2 A3
B3
A4
B4
C1
D1
C2
D2
C3
D3
C4
D4
E1
F1
E2
F2 E3
F3
E4
F4
G1
H1
G2
H2
G3
H3
G4
H4
ITFS and MMDS Channels ITFS = A B C D G MMDS = E F HMMDS Response = H4
MDS
2150
2162
2500 2596 2686
26899Frequency - MHz
1 2
WCS
2305
2320
2345
2360
Note WCS may be used to augment MDS
March 2000 13IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Transverter
LAN
Modem
Transverter
Modem
Rx Tx
HubController
Router
NetworkManager
VoIPGateway
PSTN DataNetwork
Wireless Hub(May bedistributed)
Residence
Business
Air InterfaceCore
ComponentsPOPs
Broadband Wireless Access System Model
March 2000 14IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Access Methodology
bull Multiple Access Optionsndash FDMA -- Best suited to large pipe fixed bandwidth service
ndash TDMA -- Best suited to Dynamic Bandwidth Allocationndash CDMA -- Best suited to lower bit rate services in challenged
environment Magic is in frequency reuse -- not in individualspectrum efficiency
ndash OFDM -- Best suited for avoiding interference from discrete sources
bull Duplex Optionsndash FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) -- Lower complexityndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) -- Higher flexibility
bull Protocolndash ATM -- Best for transport and Quality of Servicendash IP -- Most services are IP IP QoS under development
Best choice depends on service and environmentProposal IP packet over TDMAFDD
Best choice depends on service and environmentProposal IP packet over TDMAFDD
March 2000 15IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
BWA Link LossLink Budget
Transverter Output Power
Hub CPE
Free Space Loss
Actual Link Loss
Antenna Gain
Antenna GainDiplexer Loss
Mar
gin
Cabling Loss
Receiver Noise Floor
Noise Figure
Threshold required for QualityPotentialRequired
Distance
RF
Sig
nal
Lev
el
March 2000 16IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Coverage -- Options
bull Coverage is determined by link budget distance terrain andland use
bull Single cell layout -- Optimum networkbull Maximum reliable coverage range 25 milesbull Flat terrain
bull High power CPE transmitters
bull High cell site antenna positioningbull Advantage Infrastructure backhaul
bull Multi-cell layout -- Useful for difficult terrain very high densitybull Cell coverage range to suit capacity and terrain 5-10 milesbull May be adapted to terrain
bull Lower cell site antennabull Potential for higher level upstream modulation
bull Trade-offs may be made spectrum capacity powerbull Multi-cell penalty infrastructure backhaul
March 2000 17IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Typical Super Cell
Definitionsbull fn=Frequency setbull Each set is 1 Upstream+1 Downstream
bullOther ratios may bepreferred depending on service
bull Reuse factor is 4x
Requirementsbull High Gain Antennasbull Good Side Lobe Rejectionbull Power Control
RFbull 6 BWA RF Channels Required
f1
f2
f3
Frequencies repeated
March 2000 18IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
4 Sectored Multi-Cell Layout forBroadband Wireless Access
4V
1V2V
3V
4V
1V
2V
3V
4H
1H
2H
3H
4H
1H2H
3H 4H
1H2H
3H
4V
1V2V
3V
Definitionsbull1V=Frequency set withVertically Polarized AntennasbullEtc
RequirementsbullHigh Gain AntennasbullGood Side Lobe RejectionbullPower Control
RFbull8 BWA RF Channels minbullFrequency Reuse 1cell
HubCPE
POPBackhaul
March 2000 19IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Potential MDS Evolution for Growth
0
1
2a
3
OR2b
Broadband Growth
MaximizeValue ofSpectrum
Business + SOHOTAF + Consumer
Planned evolution reduces initial investment and risk withupside opportunity to enter new segments
Increasing Capacity
Higher Investment
Customers
March 2000 20IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Link Availability
bull LMDS Link availability determined by distance and interferencebull Calculations based on works of Vigants and Barnett
bull Example shownndash Low interference
ndash QPSK - 16QAM
bull Example conclusionsndash High availability can be achieved at 5 miles
ndash To achieve 4 nines availability at 10 miles requires operation 15 dBabove threshold
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Distance (miles)
Po
wer
ove
r T
(T
= 1
5 d
B)
SI = 30 dBl
99
999
999999999
Availability primarily determined by distance from hubReliability depends on redundancy etc
March 2000 21IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Quality of Service
bull Datandash QoS is the percent probability that the customer will perceive the file
transfer rate specified by the provider during any session
ndash High level QoS requires prioritization of packet transfers
ndash Service price options require bandwidth and QoS management
bull Voice (VoIP)ndash Assumption voice encoding will produce voice quality as required
ndash Transport must not reduce voice quality
ndash Prioritization required in packet transfer -- QoS management
bull Providing QoSndash Requirements
bull Scheduling of packets compressed header etc
bull Traffic Engineering operating within QoS capacity
ndash DOCSIS 11 protocol provides hooks for QoS management
bull Scheduler algorithm and air interface enhancements required
bull Proposal DOCSIS-based core for air interface protocol
QoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWAQoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWA
March 2000 22IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
TrafficCapacity Engineering
Applications
Applications
Applications
Data for Transmission
ToBroadbandNetworkShared
RFBandwidth
MACSharingAlgorithm
UserCPETransmission Queues
Pro
babi
lity
of R
ecei
ving
the
Tra
nsm
issi
on R
ate
Transmission Rate
Shared Link Rate
Access for multiplemixed services overone platform
Sharing over platformdepends on managementand engineering
March 2000 23IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Conclusions
bull MMDS is on the verge of mass deploymentbull Success depends on competitive cost model and high quality
service
bull Services include Internet Voice via VoIP and VPNbull Desirable product implementation
ndash TDMAFDD
ndash Multiple modulation rates -- QPSK to 64QAMndash IP-centric
ndash DOCSIS11 with wireless enhancements
bull Products currently available with all or some of the essentialcharacteristics
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
March 2000 2IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Background
History
MarketSpectrum
TechnologyPlatform
Standards
March 2000 3IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS History
bull Lottery of 1983 - launch of modern MMDS protected serviceareas (PSA) 15 miles
bull 94-95 Change of PSA to 35 miles
bull BTA auctions 95-96ndash Ownership obtained in areas where there was no coveragendash Others were grandfathered
bull ITFS Educational Servicesndash Many local governmental and educational institutionsndash Eager to make deals to meet local needs (video broadcast)
ndash Very interested in high speed Internet
MDS MMDS ITFS intended to serve the unserved withEntertainment and Educational Television
MDS MMDS ITFS intended to serve the unserved withEntertainment and Educational Television
March 2000 4IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
FCC Progressively Opens Spectrum forCompetition in Broadband
bull In October 1996 Wireless Service spectrum was given the go-ahead to offer wireless Internet and digital video
bull In March 1997 Wireless Service operators requested the abilityto transmit two-way
bull After numerous delays the FCC is expected to grant two-waylicenses in 2000 Filings required with proof of non-interference
bull A number of two-way temporary licenses have been granted bythe FCC Trials and service underway
March 2000 5IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Service Provider Consolidation
bull Sprint and MCI Worldcom buy up spectrum holdersndash Sprint Purchases
bull American Telecastingbull PCTV
ndash MCI Worldcom
bull Wireless Onebull CAI
ndash Major Independentbull Heartland
bull Sprint and MCI Worldcom merger in works
Sprint an MCI Worldcom addressable market reported to bemore than 60 US market
Sprint an MCI Worldcom addressable market reported to bemore than 60 US market
March 2000 6IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
The OpportunityBroadband Market Projections - US
Source The Strategis Group
BB Service Revenue ($ Billion)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Residential
Business
of BB Customers (millions)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Residential
Business
Quantity favors residential Revenue favors businessMMDS positioned for both
Quantity favors residential Revenue favors businessMMDS positioned for both
March 2000 7IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1990 1998 2002 2004
Bit
Rat
e --
kbp
s
Broadband Demand
bull Broadband is a matter of perceptionndash Sufficient to provide me with a quality servicendash Generally greater than available in PSTN
ndash gt Voice gtISDN moving target
bull Broadband is for datandash Packet IP ATM
ndash Packet voice as data
bull Demand will increase continuouslyndash Inefficient Softwarendash Efficient processors
ndash Information glut
Dem
and
Broadband is driving Voice remains an essential serviceBroadband is driving Voice remains an essential service
March 2000 8IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Target Markets and Services
bull Target Marketsndash Small to Medium Business
ndash SOHO
ndash Residence (especially Technically Affluent Families TAF)ndash Multiple Dwelling Units
bull Target Servicesndash High Speed Internet Access
ndash Work at Home LAN extensionndash Virtual Private Networks
ndash Video -- video conferencing to videophone
ndash PSTN Voice 2nd Line going to primary as customer attitudechanges
Telecommunications is moving from a circuit switched model withdata pretending to be voice to a packet network model with voice
pretending to be data
Telecommunications is moving from a circuit switched model withdata pretending to be voice to a packet network model with voice
pretending to be data
March 2000 9IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Attributes
bull MMDS Advantagesndash Broadband servicendash Large area coverage from hub
ndash Short service activation cyclendash Reach to unserved markets -- Outside ADSL and Cable service
areas
bull Desirable System Attributesndash Flexible access platform
ndash ScalableMigratable productndash Spectrum efficient -- Optimize shared limited resource
ndash Manageable Service volume administration and billing
bull MMDS Solutionsndash Point to Multipoint
ndash Statistical Multiplexing over the air
ndash Packet based
March 2000IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Broadband Access Options
bull Fiber Opticsbull Point-to-Point Microwavebull ADSLbull Cable - HFCbull Point-to-Multipoint Systems
bull LMDS
bull MDS
bull Satellites
Technology and spectrum dictated by marketplacedemands
Technology and spectrum dictated by marketplacedemands
LMDS
MDS
PCS
Fiber
01 1
LOW
HIGH
Su
bsc
rib
er D
ensi
tySubscriber ldquoSizerdquo
SmallResidential
LargeT3+
Cable Modem
ADSLand
Satellite
10Mbps data
March 2000 11IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS vs LMDSSymbiotic Relationship
Low Band Microwave lt10 GHz
bull Narrow bandwidth allocations
bull Largely unaffected by rainndash Spans limited by earthrsquos
curvature -- gt50 km
bull Lower cost -- moreexperience higher quantity
Microwave gt10 GHz(Millimeter Wave)
bull Wider bandwidth allocations-- up to 1 GHz LMDS
bull Rain attenuation increaseswith frequencyndash Practical spans as short as
2 km at 38 GHz
bull Cost high -- but falling withexperience and quantity
2-Way MMDS can serve lowerdensity distributed market
LMDS Service for high marketdensity andor high bandwidth
March 2000 12IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MDS SpectrumITFS MDS and MMDS Channelization - US Model
A1
B1
A2
B2 A3
B3
A4
B4
C1
D1
C2
D2
C3
D3
C4
D4
E1
F1
E2
F2 E3
F3
E4
F4
G1
H1
G2
H2
G3
H3
G4
H4
ITFS and MMDS Channels ITFS = A B C D G MMDS = E F HMMDS Response = H4
MDS
2150
2162
2500 2596 2686
26899Frequency - MHz
1 2
WCS
2305
2320
2345
2360
Note WCS may be used to augment MDS
March 2000 13IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Transverter
LAN
Modem
Transverter
Modem
Rx Tx
HubController
Router
NetworkManager
VoIPGateway
PSTN DataNetwork
Wireless Hub(May bedistributed)
Residence
Business
Air InterfaceCore
ComponentsPOPs
Broadband Wireless Access System Model
March 2000 14IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Access Methodology
bull Multiple Access Optionsndash FDMA -- Best suited to large pipe fixed bandwidth service
ndash TDMA -- Best suited to Dynamic Bandwidth Allocationndash CDMA -- Best suited to lower bit rate services in challenged
environment Magic is in frequency reuse -- not in individualspectrum efficiency
ndash OFDM -- Best suited for avoiding interference from discrete sources
bull Duplex Optionsndash FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) -- Lower complexityndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) -- Higher flexibility
bull Protocolndash ATM -- Best for transport and Quality of Servicendash IP -- Most services are IP IP QoS under development
Best choice depends on service and environmentProposal IP packet over TDMAFDD
Best choice depends on service and environmentProposal IP packet over TDMAFDD
March 2000 15IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
BWA Link LossLink Budget
Transverter Output Power
Hub CPE
Free Space Loss
Actual Link Loss
Antenna Gain
Antenna GainDiplexer Loss
Mar
gin
Cabling Loss
Receiver Noise Floor
Noise Figure
Threshold required for QualityPotentialRequired
Distance
RF
Sig
nal
Lev
el
March 2000 16IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Coverage -- Options
bull Coverage is determined by link budget distance terrain andland use
bull Single cell layout -- Optimum networkbull Maximum reliable coverage range 25 milesbull Flat terrain
bull High power CPE transmitters
bull High cell site antenna positioningbull Advantage Infrastructure backhaul
bull Multi-cell layout -- Useful for difficult terrain very high densitybull Cell coverage range to suit capacity and terrain 5-10 milesbull May be adapted to terrain
bull Lower cell site antennabull Potential for higher level upstream modulation
bull Trade-offs may be made spectrum capacity powerbull Multi-cell penalty infrastructure backhaul
March 2000 17IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Typical Super Cell
Definitionsbull fn=Frequency setbull Each set is 1 Upstream+1 Downstream
bullOther ratios may bepreferred depending on service
bull Reuse factor is 4x
Requirementsbull High Gain Antennasbull Good Side Lobe Rejectionbull Power Control
RFbull 6 BWA RF Channels Required
f1
f2
f3
Frequencies repeated
March 2000 18IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
4 Sectored Multi-Cell Layout forBroadband Wireless Access
4V
1V2V
3V
4V
1V
2V
3V
4H
1H
2H
3H
4H
1H2H
3H 4H
1H2H
3H
4V
1V2V
3V
Definitionsbull1V=Frequency set withVertically Polarized AntennasbullEtc
RequirementsbullHigh Gain AntennasbullGood Side Lobe RejectionbullPower Control
RFbull8 BWA RF Channels minbullFrequency Reuse 1cell
HubCPE
POPBackhaul
March 2000 19IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Potential MDS Evolution for Growth
0
1
2a
3
OR2b
Broadband Growth
MaximizeValue ofSpectrum
Business + SOHOTAF + Consumer
Planned evolution reduces initial investment and risk withupside opportunity to enter new segments
Increasing Capacity
Higher Investment
Customers
March 2000 20IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Link Availability
bull LMDS Link availability determined by distance and interferencebull Calculations based on works of Vigants and Barnett
bull Example shownndash Low interference
ndash QPSK - 16QAM
bull Example conclusionsndash High availability can be achieved at 5 miles
ndash To achieve 4 nines availability at 10 miles requires operation 15 dBabove threshold
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Distance (miles)
Po
wer
ove
r T
(T
= 1
5 d
B)
SI = 30 dBl
99
999
999999999
Availability primarily determined by distance from hubReliability depends on redundancy etc
March 2000 21IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Quality of Service
bull Datandash QoS is the percent probability that the customer will perceive the file
transfer rate specified by the provider during any session
ndash High level QoS requires prioritization of packet transfers
ndash Service price options require bandwidth and QoS management
bull Voice (VoIP)ndash Assumption voice encoding will produce voice quality as required
ndash Transport must not reduce voice quality
ndash Prioritization required in packet transfer -- QoS management
bull Providing QoSndash Requirements
bull Scheduling of packets compressed header etc
bull Traffic Engineering operating within QoS capacity
ndash DOCSIS 11 protocol provides hooks for QoS management
bull Scheduler algorithm and air interface enhancements required
bull Proposal DOCSIS-based core for air interface protocol
QoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWAQoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWA
March 2000 22IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
TrafficCapacity Engineering
Applications
Applications
Applications
Data for Transmission
ToBroadbandNetworkShared
RFBandwidth
MACSharingAlgorithm
UserCPETransmission Queues
Pro
babi
lity
of R
ecei
ving
the
Tra
nsm
issi
on R
ate
Transmission Rate
Shared Link Rate
Access for multiplemixed services overone platform
Sharing over platformdepends on managementand engineering
March 2000 23IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Conclusions
bull MMDS is on the verge of mass deploymentbull Success depends on competitive cost model and high quality
service
bull Services include Internet Voice via VoIP and VPNbull Desirable product implementation
ndash TDMAFDD
ndash Multiple modulation rates -- QPSK to 64QAMndash IP-centric
ndash DOCSIS11 with wireless enhancements
bull Products currently available with all or some of the essentialcharacteristics
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
March 2000 3IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS History
bull Lottery of 1983 - launch of modern MMDS protected serviceareas (PSA) 15 miles
bull 94-95 Change of PSA to 35 miles
bull BTA auctions 95-96ndash Ownership obtained in areas where there was no coveragendash Others were grandfathered
bull ITFS Educational Servicesndash Many local governmental and educational institutionsndash Eager to make deals to meet local needs (video broadcast)
ndash Very interested in high speed Internet
MDS MMDS ITFS intended to serve the unserved withEntertainment and Educational Television
MDS MMDS ITFS intended to serve the unserved withEntertainment and Educational Television
March 2000 4IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
FCC Progressively Opens Spectrum forCompetition in Broadband
bull In October 1996 Wireless Service spectrum was given the go-ahead to offer wireless Internet and digital video
bull In March 1997 Wireless Service operators requested the abilityto transmit two-way
bull After numerous delays the FCC is expected to grant two-waylicenses in 2000 Filings required with proof of non-interference
bull A number of two-way temporary licenses have been granted bythe FCC Trials and service underway
March 2000 5IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Service Provider Consolidation
bull Sprint and MCI Worldcom buy up spectrum holdersndash Sprint Purchases
bull American Telecastingbull PCTV
ndash MCI Worldcom
bull Wireless Onebull CAI
ndash Major Independentbull Heartland
bull Sprint and MCI Worldcom merger in works
Sprint an MCI Worldcom addressable market reported to bemore than 60 US market
Sprint an MCI Worldcom addressable market reported to bemore than 60 US market
March 2000 6IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
The OpportunityBroadband Market Projections - US
Source The Strategis Group
BB Service Revenue ($ Billion)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Residential
Business
of BB Customers (millions)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Residential
Business
Quantity favors residential Revenue favors businessMMDS positioned for both
Quantity favors residential Revenue favors businessMMDS positioned for both
March 2000 7IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1990 1998 2002 2004
Bit
Rat
e --
kbp
s
Broadband Demand
bull Broadband is a matter of perceptionndash Sufficient to provide me with a quality servicendash Generally greater than available in PSTN
ndash gt Voice gtISDN moving target
bull Broadband is for datandash Packet IP ATM
ndash Packet voice as data
bull Demand will increase continuouslyndash Inefficient Softwarendash Efficient processors
ndash Information glut
Dem
and
Broadband is driving Voice remains an essential serviceBroadband is driving Voice remains an essential service
March 2000 8IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Target Markets and Services
bull Target Marketsndash Small to Medium Business
ndash SOHO
ndash Residence (especially Technically Affluent Families TAF)ndash Multiple Dwelling Units
bull Target Servicesndash High Speed Internet Access
ndash Work at Home LAN extensionndash Virtual Private Networks
ndash Video -- video conferencing to videophone
ndash PSTN Voice 2nd Line going to primary as customer attitudechanges
Telecommunications is moving from a circuit switched model withdata pretending to be voice to a packet network model with voice
pretending to be data
Telecommunications is moving from a circuit switched model withdata pretending to be voice to a packet network model with voice
pretending to be data
March 2000 9IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Attributes
bull MMDS Advantagesndash Broadband servicendash Large area coverage from hub
ndash Short service activation cyclendash Reach to unserved markets -- Outside ADSL and Cable service
areas
bull Desirable System Attributesndash Flexible access platform
ndash ScalableMigratable productndash Spectrum efficient -- Optimize shared limited resource
ndash Manageable Service volume administration and billing
bull MMDS Solutionsndash Point to Multipoint
ndash Statistical Multiplexing over the air
ndash Packet based
March 2000IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Broadband Access Options
bull Fiber Opticsbull Point-to-Point Microwavebull ADSLbull Cable - HFCbull Point-to-Multipoint Systems
bull LMDS
bull MDS
bull Satellites
Technology and spectrum dictated by marketplacedemands
Technology and spectrum dictated by marketplacedemands
LMDS
MDS
PCS
Fiber
01 1
LOW
HIGH
Su
bsc
rib
er D
ensi
tySubscriber ldquoSizerdquo
SmallResidential
LargeT3+
Cable Modem
ADSLand
Satellite
10Mbps data
March 2000 11IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS vs LMDSSymbiotic Relationship
Low Band Microwave lt10 GHz
bull Narrow bandwidth allocations
bull Largely unaffected by rainndash Spans limited by earthrsquos
curvature -- gt50 km
bull Lower cost -- moreexperience higher quantity
Microwave gt10 GHz(Millimeter Wave)
bull Wider bandwidth allocations-- up to 1 GHz LMDS
bull Rain attenuation increaseswith frequencyndash Practical spans as short as
2 km at 38 GHz
bull Cost high -- but falling withexperience and quantity
2-Way MMDS can serve lowerdensity distributed market
LMDS Service for high marketdensity andor high bandwidth
March 2000 12IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MDS SpectrumITFS MDS and MMDS Channelization - US Model
A1
B1
A2
B2 A3
B3
A4
B4
C1
D1
C2
D2
C3
D3
C4
D4
E1
F1
E2
F2 E3
F3
E4
F4
G1
H1
G2
H2
G3
H3
G4
H4
ITFS and MMDS Channels ITFS = A B C D G MMDS = E F HMMDS Response = H4
MDS
2150
2162
2500 2596 2686
26899Frequency - MHz
1 2
WCS
2305
2320
2345
2360
Note WCS may be used to augment MDS
March 2000 13IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Transverter
LAN
Modem
Transverter
Modem
Rx Tx
HubController
Router
NetworkManager
VoIPGateway
PSTN DataNetwork
Wireless Hub(May bedistributed)
Residence
Business
Air InterfaceCore
ComponentsPOPs
Broadband Wireless Access System Model
March 2000 14IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Access Methodology
bull Multiple Access Optionsndash FDMA -- Best suited to large pipe fixed bandwidth service
ndash TDMA -- Best suited to Dynamic Bandwidth Allocationndash CDMA -- Best suited to lower bit rate services in challenged
environment Magic is in frequency reuse -- not in individualspectrum efficiency
ndash OFDM -- Best suited for avoiding interference from discrete sources
bull Duplex Optionsndash FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) -- Lower complexityndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) -- Higher flexibility
bull Protocolndash ATM -- Best for transport and Quality of Servicendash IP -- Most services are IP IP QoS under development
Best choice depends on service and environmentProposal IP packet over TDMAFDD
Best choice depends on service and environmentProposal IP packet over TDMAFDD
March 2000 15IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
BWA Link LossLink Budget
Transverter Output Power
Hub CPE
Free Space Loss
Actual Link Loss
Antenna Gain
Antenna GainDiplexer Loss
Mar
gin
Cabling Loss
Receiver Noise Floor
Noise Figure
Threshold required for QualityPotentialRequired
Distance
RF
Sig
nal
Lev
el
March 2000 16IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Coverage -- Options
bull Coverage is determined by link budget distance terrain andland use
bull Single cell layout -- Optimum networkbull Maximum reliable coverage range 25 milesbull Flat terrain
bull High power CPE transmitters
bull High cell site antenna positioningbull Advantage Infrastructure backhaul
bull Multi-cell layout -- Useful for difficult terrain very high densitybull Cell coverage range to suit capacity and terrain 5-10 milesbull May be adapted to terrain
bull Lower cell site antennabull Potential for higher level upstream modulation
bull Trade-offs may be made spectrum capacity powerbull Multi-cell penalty infrastructure backhaul
March 2000 17IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Typical Super Cell
Definitionsbull fn=Frequency setbull Each set is 1 Upstream+1 Downstream
bullOther ratios may bepreferred depending on service
bull Reuse factor is 4x
Requirementsbull High Gain Antennasbull Good Side Lobe Rejectionbull Power Control
RFbull 6 BWA RF Channels Required
f1
f2
f3
Frequencies repeated
March 2000 18IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
4 Sectored Multi-Cell Layout forBroadband Wireless Access
4V
1V2V
3V
4V
1V
2V
3V
4H
1H
2H
3H
4H
1H2H
3H 4H
1H2H
3H
4V
1V2V
3V
Definitionsbull1V=Frequency set withVertically Polarized AntennasbullEtc
RequirementsbullHigh Gain AntennasbullGood Side Lobe RejectionbullPower Control
RFbull8 BWA RF Channels minbullFrequency Reuse 1cell
HubCPE
POPBackhaul
March 2000 19IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Potential MDS Evolution for Growth
0
1
2a
3
OR2b
Broadband Growth
MaximizeValue ofSpectrum
Business + SOHOTAF + Consumer
Planned evolution reduces initial investment and risk withupside opportunity to enter new segments
Increasing Capacity
Higher Investment
Customers
March 2000 20IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Link Availability
bull LMDS Link availability determined by distance and interferencebull Calculations based on works of Vigants and Barnett
bull Example shownndash Low interference
ndash QPSK - 16QAM
bull Example conclusionsndash High availability can be achieved at 5 miles
ndash To achieve 4 nines availability at 10 miles requires operation 15 dBabove threshold
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Distance (miles)
Po
wer
ove
r T
(T
= 1
5 d
B)
SI = 30 dBl
99
999
999999999
Availability primarily determined by distance from hubReliability depends on redundancy etc
March 2000 21IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Quality of Service
bull Datandash QoS is the percent probability that the customer will perceive the file
transfer rate specified by the provider during any session
ndash High level QoS requires prioritization of packet transfers
ndash Service price options require bandwidth and QoS management
bull Voice (VoIP)ndash Assumption voice encoding will produce voice quality as required
ndash Transport must not reduce voice quality
ndash Prioritization required in packet transfer -- QoS management
bull Providing QoSndash Requirements
bull Scheduling of packets compressed header etc
bull Traffic Engineering operating within QoS capacity
ndash DOCSIS 11 protocol provides hooks for QoS management
bull Scheduler algorithm and air interface enhancements required
bull Proposal DOCSIS-based core for air interface protocol
QoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWAQoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWA
March 2000 22IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
TrafficCapacity Engineering
Applications
Applications
Applications
Data for Transmission
ToBroadbandNetworkShared
RFBandwidth
MACSharingAlgorithm
UserCPETransmission Queues
Pro
babi
lity
of R
ecei
ving
the
Tra
nsm
issi
on R
ate
Transmission Rate
Shared Link Rate
Access for multiplemixed services overone platform
Sharing over platformdepends on managementand engineering
March 2000 23IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Conclusions
bull MMDS is on the verge of mass deploymentbull Success depends on competitive cost model and high quality
service
bull Services include Internet Voice via VoIP and VPNbull Desirable product implementation
ndash TDMAFDD
ndash Multiple modulation rates -- QPSK to 64QAMndash IP-centric
ndash DOCSIS11 with wireless enhancements
bull Products currently available with all or some of the essentialcharacteristics
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
March 2000 4IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
FCC Progressively Opens Spectrum forCompetition in Broadband
bull In October 1996 Wireless Service spectrum was given the go-ahead to offer wireless Internet and digital video
bull In March 1997 Wireless Service operators requested the abilityto transmit two-way
bull After numerous delays the FCC is expected to grant two-waylicenses in 2000 Filings required with proof of non-interference
bull A number of two-way temporary licenses have been granted bythe FCC Trials and service underway
March 2000 5IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Service Provider Consolidation
bull Sprint and MCI Worldcom buy up spectrum holdersndash Sprint Purchases
bull American Telecastingbull PCTV
ndash MCI Worldcom
bull Wireless Onebull CAI
ndash Major Independentbull Heartland
bull Sprint and MCI Worldcom merger in works
Sprint an MCI Worldcom addressable market reported to bemore than 60 US market
Sprint an MCI Worldcom addressable market reported to bemore than 60 US market
March 2000 6IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
The OpportunityBroadband Market Projections - US
Source The Strategis Group
BB Service Revenue ($ Billion)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Residential
Business
of BB Customers (millions)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Residential
Business
Quantity favors residential Revenue favors businessMMDS positioned for both
Quantity favors residential Revenue favors businessMMDS positioned for both
March 2000 7IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1990 1998 2002 2004
Bit
Rat
e --
kbp
s
Broadband Demand
bull Broadband is a matter of perceptionndash Sufficient to provide me with a quality servicendash Generally greater than available in PSTN
ndash gt Voice gtISDN moving target
bull Broadband is for datandash Packet IP ATM
ndash Packet voice as data
bull Demand will increase continuouslyndash Inefficient Softwarendash Efficient processors
ndash Information glut
Dem
and
Broadband is driving Voice remains an essential serviceBroadband is driving Voice remains an essential service
March 2000 8IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Target Markets and Services
bull Target Marketsndash Small to Medium Business
ndash SOHO
ndash Residence (especially Technically Affluent Families TAF)ndash Multiple Dwelling Units
bull Target Servicesndash High Speed Internet Access
ndash Work at Home LAN extensionndash Virtual Private Networks
ndash Video -- video conferencing to videophone
ndash PSTN Voice 2nd Line going to primary as customer attitudechanges
Telecommunications is moving from a circuit switched model withdata pretending to be voice to a packet network model with voice
pretending to be data
Telecommunications is moving from a circuit switched model withdata pretending to be voice to a packet network model with voice
pretending to be data
March 2000 9IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Attributes
bull MMDS Advantagesndash Broadband servicendash Large area coverage from hub
ndash Short service activation cyclendash Reach to unserved markets -- Outside ADSL and Cable service
areas
bull Desirable System Attributesndash Flexible access platform
ndash ScalableMigratable productndash Spectrum efficient -- Optimize shared limited resource
ndash Manageable Service volume administration and billing
bull MMDS Solutionsndash Point to Multipoint
ndash Statistical Multiplexing over the air
ndash Packet based
March 2000IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Broadband Access Options
bull Fiber Opticsbull Point-to-Point Microwavebull ADSLbull Cable - HFCbull Point-to-Multipoint Systems
bull LMDS
bull MDS
bull Satellites
Technology and spectrum dictated by marketplacedemands
Technology and spectrum dictated by marketplacedemands
LMDS
MDS
PCS
Fiber
01 1
LOW
HIGH
Su
bsc
rib
er D
ensi
tySubscriber ldquoSizerdquo
SmallResidential
LargeT3+
Cable Modem
ADSLand
Satellite
10Mbps data
March 2000 11IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS vs LMDSSymbiotic Relationship
Low Band Microwave lt10 GHz
bull Narrow bandwidth allocations
bull Largely unaffected by rainndash Spans limited by earthrsquos
curvature -- gt50 km
bull Lower cost -- moreexperience higher quantity
Microwave gt10 GHz(Millimeter Wave)
bull Wider bandwidth allocations-- up to 1 GHz LMDS
bull Rain attenuation increaseswith frequencyndash Practical spans as short as
2 km at 38 GHz
bull Cost high -- but falling withexperience and quantity
2-Way MMDS can serve lowerdensity distributed market
LMDS Service for high marketdensity andor high bandwidth
March 2000 12IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MDS SpectrumITFS MDS and MMDS Channelization - US Model
A1
B1
A2
B2 A3
B3
A4
B4
C1
D1
C2
D2
C3
D3
C4
D4
E1
F1
E2
F2 E3
F3
E4
F4
G1
H1
G2
H2
G3
H3
G4
H4
ITFS and MMDS Channels ITFS = A B C D G MMDS = E F HMMDS Response = H4
MDS
2150
2162
2500 2596 2686
26899Frequency - MHz
1 2
WCS
2305
2320
2345
2360
Note WCS may be used to augment MDS
March 2000 13IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Transverter
LAN
Modem
Transverter
Modem
Rx Tx
HubController
Router
NetworkManager
VoIPGateway
PSTN DataNetwork
Wireless Hub(May bedistributed)
Residence
Business
Air InterfaceCore
ComponentsPOPs
Broadband Wireless Access System Model
March 2000 14IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Access Methodology
bull Multiple Access Optionsndash FDMA -- Best suited to large pipe fixed bandwidth service
ndash TDMA -- Best suited to Dynamic Bandwidth Allocationndash CDMA -- Best suited to lower bit rate services in challenged
environment Magic is in frequency reuse -- not in individualspectrum efficiency
ndash OFDM -- Best suited for avoiding interference from discrete sources
bull Duplex Optionsndash FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) -- Lower complexityndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) -- Higher flexibility
bull Protocolndash ATM -- Best for transport and Quality of Servicendash IP -- Most services are IP IP QoS under development
Best choice depends on service and environmentProposal IP packet over TDMAFDD
Best choice depends on service and environmentProposal IP packet over TDMAFDD
March 2000 15IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
BWA Link LossLink Budget
Transverter Output Power
Hub CPE
Free Space Loss
Actual Link Loss
Antenna Gain
Antenna GainDiplexer Loss
Mar
gin
Cabling Loss
Receiver Noise Floor
Noise Figure
Threshold required for QualityPotentialRequired
Distance
RF
Sig
nal
Lev
el
March 2000 16IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Coverage -- Options
bull Coverage is determined by link budget distance terrain andland use
bull Single cell layout -- Optimum networkbull Maximum reliable coverage range 25 milesbull Flat terrain
bull High power CPE transmitters
bull High cell site antenna positioningbull Advantage Infrastructure backhaul
bull Multi-cell layout -- Useful for difficult terrain very high densitybull Cell coverage range to suit capacity and terrain 5-10 milesbull May be adapted to terrain
bull Lower cell site antennabull Potential for higher level upstream modulation
bull Trade-offs may be made spectrum capacity powerbull Multi-cell penalty infrastructure backhaul
March 2000 17IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Typical Super Cell
Definitionsbull fn=Frequency setbull Each set is 1 Upstream+1 Downstream
bullOther ratios may bepreferred depending on service
bull Reuse factor is 4x
Requirementsbull High Gain Antennasbull Good Side Lobe Rejectionbull Power Control
RFbull 6 BWA RF Channels Required
f1
f2
f3
Frequencies repeated
March 2000 18IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
4 Sectored Multi-Cell Layout forBroadband Wireless Access
4V
1V2V
3V
4V
1V
2V
3V
4H
1H
2H
3H
4H
1H2H
3H 4H
1H2H
3H
4V
1V2V
3V
Definitionsbull1V=Frequency set withVertically Polarized AntennasbullEtc
RequirementsbullHigh Gain AntennasbullGood Side Lobe RejectionbullPower Control
RFbull8 BWA RF Channels minbullFrequency Reuse 1cell
HubCPE
POPBackhaul
March 2000 19IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Potential MDS Evolution for Growth
0
1
2a
3
OR2b
Broadband Growth
MaximizeValue ofSpectrum
Business + SOHOTAF + Consumer
Planned evolution reduces initial investment and risk withupside opportunity to enter new segments
Increasing Capacity
Higher Investment
Customers
March 2000 20IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Link Availability
bull LMDS Link availability determined by distance and interferencebull Calculations based on works of Vigants and Barnett
bull Example shownndash Low interference
ndash QPSK - 16QAM
bull Example conclusionsndash High availability can be achieved at 5 miles
ndash To achieve 4 nines availability at 10 miles requires operation 15 dBabove threshold
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Distance (miles)
Po
wer
ove
r T
(T
= 1
5 d
B)
SI = 30 dBl
99
999
999999999
Availability primarily determined by distance from hubReliability depends on redundancy etc
March 2000 21IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Quality of Service
bull Datandash QoS is the percent probability that the customer will perceive the file
transfer rate specified by the provider during any session
ndash High level QoS requires prioritization of packet transfers
ndash Service price options require bandwidth and QoS management
bull Voice (VoIP)ndash Assumption voice encoding will produce voice quality as required
ndash Transport must not reduce voice quality
ndash Prioritization required in packet transfer -- QoS management
bull Providing QoSndash Requirements
bull Scheduling of packets compressed header etc
bull Traffic Engineering operating within QoS capacity
ndash DOCSIS 11 protocol provides hooks for QoS management
bull Scheduler algorithm and air interface enhancements required
bull Proposal DOCSIS-based core for air interface protocol
QoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWAQoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWA
March 2000 22IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
TrafficCapacity Engineering
Applications
Applications
Applications
Data for Transmission
ToBroadbandNetworkShared
RFBandwidth
MACSharingAlgorithm
UserCPETransmission Queues
Pro
babi
lity
of R
ecei
ving
the
Tra
nsm
issi
on R
ate
Transmission Rate
Shared Link Rate
Access for multiplemixed services overone platform
Sharing over platformdepends on managementand engineering
March 2000 23IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Conclusions
bull MMDS is on the verge of mass deploymentbull Success depends on competitive cost model and high quality
service
bull Services include Internet Voice via VoIP and VPNbull Desirable product implementation
ndash TDMAFDD
ndash Multiple modulation rates -- QPSK to 64QAMndash IP-centric
ndash DOCSIS11 with wireless enhancements
bull Products currently available with all or some of the essentialcharacteristics
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
March 2000 5IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Service Provider Consolidation
bull Sprint and MCI Worldcom buy up spectrum holdersndash Sprint Purchases
bull American Telecastingbull PCTV
ndash MCI Worldcom
bull Wireless Onebull CAI
ndash Major Independentbull Heartland
bull Sprint and MCI Worldcom merger in works
Sprint an MCI Worldcom addressable market reported to bemore than 60 US market
Sprint an MCI Worldcom addressable market reported to bemore than 60 US market
March 2000 6IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
The OpportunityBroadband Market Projections - US
Source The Strategis Group
BB Service Revenue ($ Billion)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Residential
Business
of BB Customers (millions)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Residential
Business
Quantity favors residential Revenue favors businessMMDS positioned for both
Quantity favors residential Revenue favors businessMMDS positioned for both
March 2000 7IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1990 1998 2002 2004
Bit
Rat
e --
kbp
s
Broadband Demand
bull Broadband is a matter of perceptionndash Sufficient to provide me with a quality servicendash Generally greater than available in PSTN
ndash gt Voice gtISDN moving target
bull Broadband is for datandash Packet IP ATM
ndash Packet voice as data
bull Demand will increase continuouslyndash Inefficient Softwarendash Efficient processors
ndash Information glut
Dem
and
Broadband is driving Voice remains an essential serviceBroadband is driving Voice remains an essential service
March 2000 8IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Target Markets and Services
bull Target Marketsndash Small to Medium Business
ndash SOHO
ndash Residence (especially Technically Affluent Families TAF)ndash Multiple Dwelling Units
bull Target Servicesndash High Speed Internet Access
ndash Work at Home LAN extensionndash Virtual Private Networks
ndash Video -- video conferencing to videophone
ndash PSTN Voice 2nd Line going to primary as customer attitudechanges
Telecommunications is moving from a circuit switched model withdata pretending to be voice to a packet network model with voice
pretending to be data
Telecommunications is moving from a circuit switched model withdata pretending to be voice to a packet network model with voice
pretending to be data
March 2000 9IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Attributes
bull MMDS Advantagesndash Broadband servicendash Large area coverage from hub
ndash Short service activation cyclendash Reach to unserved markets -- Outside ADSL and Cable service
areas
bull Desirable System Attributesndash Flexible access platform
ndash ScalableMigratable productndash Spectrum efficient -- Optimize shared limited resource
ndash Manageable Service volume administration and billing
bull MMDS Solutionsndash Point to Multipoint
ndash Statistical Multiplexing over the air
ndash Packet based
March 2000IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Broadband Access Options
bull Fiber Opticsbull Point-to-Point Microwavebull ADSLbull Cable - HFCbull Point-to-Multipoint Systems
bull LMDS
bull MDS
bull Satellites
Technology and spectrum dictated by marketplacedemands
Technology and spectrum dictated by marketplacedemands
LMDS
MDS
PCS
Fiber
01 1
LOW
HIGH
Su
bsc
rib
er D
ensi
tySubscriber ldquoSizerdquo
SmallResidential
LargeT3+
Cable Modem
ADSLand
Satellite
10Mbps data
March 2000 11IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS vs LMDSSymbiotic Relationship
Low Band Microwave lt10 GHz
bull Narrow bandwidth allocations
bull Largely unaffected by rainndash Spans limited by earthrsquos
curvature -- gt50 km
bull Lower cost -- moreexperience higher quantity
Microwave gt10 GHz(Millimeter Wave)
bull Wider bandwidth allocations-- up to 1 GHz LMDS
bull Rain attenuation increaseswith frequencyndash Practical spans as short as
2 km at 38 GHz
bull Cost high -- but falling withexperience and quantity
2-Way MMDS can serve lowerdensity distributed market
LMDS Service for high marketdensity andor high bandwidth
March 2000 12IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MDS SpectrumITFS MDS and MMDS Channelization - US Model
A1
B1
A2
B2 A3
B3
A4
B4
C1
D1
C2
D2
C3
D3
C4
D4
E1
F1
E2
F2 E3
F3
E4
F4
G1
H1
G2
H2
G3
H3
G4
H4
ITFS and MMDS Channels ITFS = A B C D G MMDS = E F HMMDS Response = H4
MDS
2150
2162
2500 2596 2686
26899Frequency - MHz
1 2
WCS
2305
2320
2345
2360
Note WCS may be used to augment MDS
March 2000 13IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Transverter
LAN
Modem
Transverter
Modem
Rx Tx
HubController
Router
NetworkManager
VoIPGateway
PSTN DataNetwork
Wireless Hub(May bedistributed)
Residence
Business
Air InterfaceCore
ComponentsPOPs
Broadband Wireless Access System Model
March 2000 14IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Access Methodology
bull Multiple Access Optionsndash FDMA -- Best suited to large pipe fixed bandwidth service
ndash TDMA -- Best suited to Dynamic Bandwidth Allocationndash CDMA -- Best suited to lower bit rate services in challenged
environment Magic is in frequency reuse -- not in individualspectrum efficiency
ndash OFDM -- Best suited for avoiding interference from discrete sources
bull Duplex Optionsndash FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) -- Lower complexityndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) -- Higher flexibility
bull Protocolndash ATM -- Best for transport and Quality of Servicendash IP -- Most services are IP IP QoS under development
Best choice depends on service and environmentProposal IP packet over TDMAFDD
Best choice depends on service and environmentProposal IP packet over TDMAFDD
March 2000 15IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
BWA Link LossLink Budget
Transverter Output Power
Hub CPE
Free Space Loss
Actual Link Loss
Antenna Gain
Antenna GainDiplexer Loss
Mar
gin
Cabling Loss
Receiver Noise Floor
Noise Figure
Threshold required for QualityPotentialRequired
Distance
RF
Sig
nal
Lev
el
March 2000 16IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Coverage -- Options
bull Coverage is determined by link budget distance terrain andland use
bull Single cell layout -- Optimum networkbull Maximum reliable coverage range 25 milesbull Flat terrain
bull High power CPE transmitters
bull High cell site antenna positioningbull Advantage Infrastructure backhaul
bull Multi-cell layout -- Useful for difficult terrain very high densitybull Cell coverage range to suit capacity and terrain 5-10 milesbull May be adapted to terrain
bull Lower cell site antennabull Potential for higher level upstream modulation
bull Trade-offs may be made spectrum capacity powerbull Multi-cell penalty infrastructure backhaul
March 2000 17IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Typical Super Cell
Definitionsbull fn=Frequency setbull Each set is 1 Upstream+1 Downstream
bullOther ratios may bepreferred depending on service
bull Reuse factor is 4x
Requirementsbull High Gain Antennasbull Good Side Lobe Rejectionbull Power Control
RFbull 6 BWA RF Channels Required
f1
f2
f3
Frequencies repeated
March 2000 18IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
4 Sectored Multi-Cell Layout forBroadband Wireless Access
4V
1V2V
3V
4V
1V
2V
3V
4H
1H
2H
3H
4H
1H2H
3H 4H
1H2H
3H
4V
1V2V
3V
Definitionsbull1V=Frequency set withVertically Polarized AntennasbullEtc
RequirementsbullHigh Gain AntennasbullGood Side Lobe RejectionbullPower Control
RFbull8 BWA RF Channels minbullFrequency Reuse 1cell
HubCPE
POPBackhaul
March 2000 19IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Potential MDS Evolution for Growth
0
1
2a
3
OR2b
Broadband Growth
MaximizeValue ofSpectrum
Business + SOHOTAF + Consumer
Planned evolution reduces initial investment and risk withupside opportunity to enter new segments
Increasing Capacity
Higher Investment
Customers
March 2000 20IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Link Availability
bull LMDS Link availability determined by distance and interferencebull Calculations based on works of Vigants and Barnett
bull Example shownndash Low interference
ndash QPSK - 16QAM
bull Example conclusionsndash High availability can be achieved at 5 miles
ndash To achieve 4 nines availability at 10 miles requires operation 15 dBabove threshold
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Distance (miles)
Po
wer
ove
r T
(T
= 1
5 d
B)
SI = 30 dBl
99
999
999999999
Availability primarily determined by distance from hubReliability depends on redundancy etc
March 2000 21IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Quality of Service
bull Datandash QoS is the percent probability that the customer will perceive the file
transfer rate specified by the provider during any session
ndash High level QoS requires prioritization of packet transfers
ndash Service price options require bandwidth and QoS management
bull Voice (VoIP)ndash Assumption voice encoding will produce voice quality as required
ndash Transport must not reduce voice quality
ndash Prioritization required in packet transfer -- QoS management
bull Providing QoSndash Requirements
bull Scheduling of packets compressed header etc
bull Traffic Engineering operating within QoS capacity
ndash DOCSIS 11 protocol provides hooks for QoS management
bull Scheduler algorithm and air interface enhancements required
bull Proposal DOCSIS-based core for air interface protocol
QoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWAQoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWA
March 2000 22IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
TrafficCapacity Engineering
Applications
Applications
Applications
Data for Transmission
ToBroadbandNetworkShared
RFBandwidth
MACSharingAlgorithm
UserCPETransmission Queues
Pro
babi
lity
of R
ecei
ving
the
Tra
nsm
issi
on R
ate
Transmission Rate
Shared Link Rate
Access for multiplemixed services overone platform
Sharing over platformdepends on managementand engineering
March 2000 23IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Conclusions
bull MMDS is on the verge of mass deploymentbull Success depends on competitive cost model and high quality
service
bull Services include Internet Voice via VoIP and VPNbull Desirable product implementation
ndash TDMAFDD
ndash Multiple modulation rates -- QPSK to 64QAMndash IP-centric
ndash DOCSIS11 with wireless enhancements
bull Products currently available with all or some of the essentialcharacteristics
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
March 2000 6IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
The OpportunityBroadband Market Projections - US
Source The Strategis Group
BB Service Revenue ($ Billion)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Residential
Business
of BB Customers (millions)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Residential
Business
Quantity favors residential Revenue favors businessMMDS positioned for both
Quantity favors residential Revenue favors businessMMDS positioned for both
March 2000 7IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1990 1998 2002 2004
Bit
Rat
e --
kbp
s
Broadband Demand
bull Broadband is a matter of perceptionndash Sufficient to provide me with a quality servicendash Generally greater than available in PSTN
ndash gt Voice gtISDN moving target
bull Broadband is for datandash Packet IP ATM
ndash Packet voice as data
bull Demand will increase continuouslyndash Inefficient Softwarendash Efficient processors
ndash Information glut
Dem
and
Broadband is driving Voice remains an essential serviceBroadband is driving Voice remains an essential service
March 2000 8IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Target Markets and Services
bull Target Marketsndash Small to Medium Business
ndash SOHO
ndash Residence (especially Technically Affluent Families TAF)ndash Multiple Dwelling Units
bull Target Servicesndash High Speed Internet Access
ndash Work at Home LAN extensionndash Virtual Private Networks
ndash Video -- video conferencing to videophone
ndash PSTN Voice 2nd Line going to primary as customer attitudechanges
Telecommunications is moving from a circuit switched model withdata pretending to be voice to a packet network model with voice
pretending to be data
Telecommunications is moving from a circuit switched model withdata pretending to be voice to a packet network model with voice
pretending to be data
March 2000 9IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Attributes
bull MMDS Advantagesndash Broadband servicendash Large area coverage from hub
ndash Short service activation cyclendash Reach to unserved markets -- Outside ADSL and Cable service
areas
bull Desirable System Attributesndash Flexible access platform
ndash ScalableMigratable productndash Spectrum efficient -- Optimize shared limited resource
ndash Manageable Service volume administration and billing
bull MMDS Solutionsndash Point to Multipoint
ndash Statistical Multiplexing over the air
ndash Packet based
March 2000IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Broadband Access Options
bull Fiber Opticsbull Point-to-Point Microwavebull ADSLbull Cable - HFCbull Point-to-Multipoint Systems
bull LMDS
bull MDS
bull Satellites
Technology and spectrum dictated by marketplacedemands
Technology and spectrum dictated by marketplacedemands
LMDS
MDS
PCS
Fiber
01 1
LOW
HIGH
Su
bsc
rib
er D
ensi
tySubscriber ldquoSizerdquo
SmallResidential
LargeT3+
Cable Modem
ADSLand
Satellite
10Mbps data
March 2000 11IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS vs LMDSSymbiotic Relationship
Low Band Microwave lt10 GHz
bull Narrow bandwidth allocations
bull Largely unaffected by rainndash Spans limited by earthrsquos
curvature -- gt50 km
bull Lower cost -- moreexperience higher quantity
Microwave gt10 GHz(Millimeter Wave)
bull Wider bandwidth allocations-- up to 1 GHz LMDS
bull Rain attenuation increaseswith frequencyndash Practical spans as short as
2 km at 38 GHz
bull Cost high -- but falling withexperience and quantity
2-Way MMDS can serve lowerdensity distributed market
LMDS Service for high marketdensity andor high bandwidth
March 2000 12IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MDS SpectrumITFS MDS and MMDS Channelization - US Model
A1
B1
A2
B2 A3
B3
A4
B4
C1
D1
C2
D2
C3
D3
C4
D4
E1
F1
E2
F2 E3
F3
E4
F4
G1
H1
G2
H2
G3
H3
G4
H4
ITFS and MMDS Channels ITFS = A B C D G MMDS = E F HMMDS Response = H4
MDS
2150
2162
2500 2596 2686
26899Frequency - MHz
1 2
WCS
2305
2320
2345
2360
Note WCS may be used to augment MDS
March 2000 13IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Transverter
LAN
Modem
Transverter
Modem
Rx Tx
HubController
Router
NetworkManager
VoIPGateway
PSTN DataNetwork
Wireless Hub(May bedistributed)
Residence
Business
Air InterfaceCore
ComponentsPOPs
Broadband Wireless Access System Model
March 2000 14IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Access Methodology
bull Multiple Access Optionsndash FDMA -- Best suited to large pipe fixed bandwidth service
ndash TDMA -- Best suited to Dynamic Bandwidth Allocationndash CDMA -- Best suited to lower bit rate services in challenged
environment Magic is in frequency reuse -- not in individualspectrum efficiency
ndash OFDM -- Best suited for avoiding interference from discrete sources
bull Duplex Optionsndash FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) -- Lower complexityndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) -- Higher flexibility
bull Protocolndash ATM -- Best for transport and Quality of Servicendash IP -- Most services are IP IP QoS under development
Best choice depends on service and environmentProposal IP packet over TDMAFDD
Best choice depends on service and environmentProposal IP packet over TDMAFDD
March 2000 15IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
BWA Link LossLink Budget
Transverter Output Power
Hub CPE
Free Space Loss
Actual Link Loss
Antenna Gain
Antenna GainDiplexer Loss
Mar
gin
Cabling Loss
Receiver Noise Floor
Noise Figure
Threshold required for QualityPotentialRequired
Distance
RF
Sig
nal
Lev
el
March 2000 16IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Coverage -- Options
bull Coverage is determined by link budget distance terrain andland use
bull Single cell layout -- Optimum networkbull Maximum reliable coverage range 25 milesbull Flat terrain
bull High power CPE transmitters
bull High cell site antenna positioningbull Advantage Infrastructure backhaul
bull Multi-cell layout -- Useful for difficult terrain very high densitybull Cell coverage range to suit capacity and terrain 5-10 milesbull May be adapted to terrain
bull Lower cell site antennabull Potential for higher level upstream modulation
bull Trade-offs may be made spectrum capacity powerbull Multi-cell penalty infrastructure backhaul
March 2000 17IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Typical Super Cell
Definitionsbull fn=Frequency setbull Each set is 1 Upstream+1 Downstream
bullOther ratios may bepreferred depending on service
bull Reuse factor is 4x
Requirementsbull High Gain Antennasbull Good Side Lobe Rejectionbull Power Control
RFbull 6 BWA RF Channels Required
f1
f2
f3
Frequencies repeated
March 2000 18IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
4 Sectored Multi-Cell Layout forBroadband Wireless Access
4V
1V2V
3V
4V
1V
2V
3V
4H
1H
2H
3H
4H
1H2H
3H 4H
1H2H
3H
4V
1V2V
3V
Definitionsbull1V=Frequency set withVertically Polarized AntennasbullEtc
RequirementsbullHigh Gain AntennasbullGood Side Lobe RejectionbullPower Control
RFbull8 BWA RF Channels minbullFrequency Reuse 1cell
HubCPE
POPBackhaul
March 2000 19IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Potential MDS Evolution for Growth
0
1
2a
3
OR2b
Broadband Growth
MaximizeValue ofSpectrum
Business + SOHOTAF + Consumer
Planned evolution reduces initial investment and risk withupside opportunity to enter new segments
Increasing Capacity
Higher Investment
Customers
March 2000 20IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Link Availability
bull LMDS Link availability determined by distance and interferencebull Calculations based on works of Vigants and Barnett
bull Example shownndash Low interference
ndash QPSK - 16QAM
bull Example conclusionsndash High availability can be achieved at 5 miles
ndash To achieve 4 nines availability at 10 miles requires operation 15 dBabove threshold
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Distance (miles)
Po
wer
ove
r T
(T
= 1
5 d
B)
SI = 30 dBl
99
999
999999999
Availability primarily determined by distance from hubReliability depends on redundancy etc
March 2000 21IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Quality of Service
bull Datandash QoS is the percent probability that the customer will perceive the file
transfer rate specified by the provider during any session
ndash High level QoS requires prioritization of packet transfers
ndash Service price options require bandwidth and QoS management
bull Voice (VoIP)ndash Assumption voice encoding will produce voice quality as required
ndash Transport must not reduce voice quality
ndash Prioritization required in packet transfer -- QoS management
bull Providing QoSndash Requirements
bull Scheduling of packets compressed header etc
bull Traffic Engineering operating within QoS capacity
ndash DOCSIS 11 protocol provides hooks for QoS management
bull Scheduler algorithm and air interface enhancements required
bull Proposal DOCSIS-based core for air interface protocol
QoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWAQoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWA
March 2000 22IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
TrafficCapacity Engineering
Applications
Applications
Applications
Data for Transmission
ToBroadbandNetworkShared
RFBandwidth
MACSharingAlgorithm
UserCPETransmission Queues
Pro
babi
lity
of R
ecei
ving
the
Tra
nsm
issi
on R
ate
Transmission Rate
Shared Link Rate
Access for multiplemixed services overone platform
Sharing over platformdepends on managementand engineering
March 2000 23IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Conclusions
bull MMDS is on the verge of mass deploymentbull Success depends on competitive cost model and high quality
service
bull Services include Internet Voice via VoIP and VPNbull Desirable product implementation
ndash TDMAFDD
ndash Multiple modulation rates -- QPSK to 64QAMndash IP-centric
ndash DOCSIS11 with wireless enhancements
bull Products currently available with all or some of the essentialcharacteristics
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
March 2000 7IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1990 1998 2002 2004
Bit
Rat
e --
kbp
s
Broadband Demand
bull Broadband is a matter of perceptionndash Sufficient to provide me with a quality servicendash Generally greater than available in PSTN
ndash gt Voice gtISDN moving target
bull Broadband is for datandash Packet IP ATM
ndash Packet voice as data
bull Demand will increase continuouslyndash Inefficient Softwarendash Efficient processors
ndash Information glut
Dem
and
Broadband is driving Voice remains an essential serviceBroadband is driving Voice remains an essential service
March 2000 8IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Target Markets and Services
bull Target Marketsndash Small to Medium Business
ndash SOHO
ndash Residence (especially Technically Affluent Families TAF)ndash Multiple Dwelling Units
bull Target Servicesndash High Speed Internet Access
ndash Work at Home LAN extensionndash Virtual Private Networks
ndash Video -- video conferencing to videophone
ndash PSTN Voice 2nd Line going to primary as customer attitudechanges
Telecommunications is moving from a circuit switched model withdata pretending to be voice to a packet network model with voice
pretending to be data
Telecommunications is moving from a circuit switched model withdata pretending to be voice to a packet network model with voice
pretending to be data
March 2000 9IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Attributes
bull MMDS Advantagesndash Broadband servicendash Large area coverage from hub
ndash Short service activation cyclendash Reach to unserved markets -- Outside ADSL and Cable service
areas
bull Desirable System Attributesndash Flexible access platform
ndash ScalableMigratable productndash Spectrum efficient -- Optimize shared limited resource
ndash Manageable Service volume administration and billing
bull MMDS Solutionsndash Point to Multipoint
ndash Statistical Multiplexing over the air
ndash Packet based
March 2000IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Broadband Access Options
bull Fiber Opticsbull Point-to-Point Microwavebull ADSLbull Cable - HFCbull Point-to-Multipoint Systems
bull LMDS
bull MDS
bull Satellites
Technology and spectrum dictated by marketplacedemands
Technology and spectrum dictated by marketplacedemands
LMDS
MDS
PCS
Fiber
01 1
LOW
HIGH
Su
bsc
rib
er D
ensi
tySubscriber ldquoSizerdquo
SmallResidential
LargeT3+
Cable Modem
ADSLand
Satellite
10Mbps data
March 2000 11IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS vs LMDSSymbiotic Relationship
Low Band Microwave lt10 GHz
bull Narrow bandwidth allocations
bull Largely unaffected by rainndash Spans limited by earthrsquos
curvature -- gt50 km
bull Lower cost -- moreexperience higher quantity
Microwave gt10 GHz(Millimeter Wave)
bull Wider bandwidth allocations-- up to 1 GHz LMDS
bull Rain attenuation increaseswith frequencyndash Practical spans as short as
2 km at 38 GHz
bull Cost high -- but falling withexperience and quantity
2-Way MMDS can serve lowerdensity distributed market
LMDS Service for high marketdensity andor high bandwidth
March 2000 12IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MDS SpectrumITFS MDS and MMDS Channelization - US Model
A1
B1
A2
B2 A3
B3
A4
B4
C1
D1
C2
D2
C3
D3
C4
D4
E1
F1
E2
F2 E3
F3
E4
F4
G1
H1
G2
H2
G3
H3
G4
H4
ITFS and MMDS Channels ITFS = A B C D G MMDS = E F HMMDS Response = H4
MDS
2150
2162
2500 2596 2686
26899Frequency - MHz
1 2
WCS
2305
2320
2345
2360
Note WCS may be used to augment MDS
March 2000 13IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Transverter
LAN
Modem
Transverter
Modem
Rx Tx
HubController
Router
NetworkManager
VoIPGateway
PSTN DataNetwork
Wireless Hub(May bedistributed)
Residence
Business
Air InterfaceCore
ComponentsPOPs
Broadband Wireless Access System Model
March 2000 14IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Access Methodology
bull Multiple Access Optionsndash FDMA -- Best suited to large pipe fixed bandwidth service
ndash TDMA -- Best suited to Dynamic Bandwidth Allocationndash CDMA -- Best suited to lower bit rate services in challenged
environment Magic is in frequency reuse -- not in individualspectrum efficiency
ndash OFDM -- Best suited for avoiding interference from discrete sources
bull Duplex Optionsndash FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) -- Lower complexityndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) -- Higher flexibility
bull Protocolndash ATM -- Best for transport and Quality of Servicendash IP -- Most services are IP IP QoS under development
Best choice depends on service and environmentProposal IP packet over TDMAFDD
Best choice depends on service and environmentProposal IP packet over TDMAFDD
March 2000 15IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
BWA Link LossLink Budget
Transverter Output Power
Hub CPE
Free Space Loss
Actual Link Loss
Antenna Gain
Antenna GainDiplexer Loss
Mar
gin
Cabling Loss
Receiver Noise Floor
Noise Figure
Threshold required for QualityPotentialRequired
Distance
RF
Sig
nal
Lev
el
March 2000 16IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Coverage -- Options
bull Coverage is determined by link budget distance terrain andland use
bull Single cell layout -- Optimum networkbull Maximum reliable coverage range 25 milesbull Flat terrain
bull High power CPE transmitters
bull High cell site antenna positioningbull Advantage Infrastructure backhaul
bull Multi-cell layout -- Useful for difficult terrain very high densitybull Cell coverage range to suit capacity and terrain 5-10 milesbull May be adapted to terrain
bull Lower cell site antennabull Potential for higher level upstream modulation
bull Trade-offs may be made spectrum capacity powerbull Multi-cell penalty infrastructure backhaul
March 2000 17IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Typical Super Cell
Definitionsbull fn=Frequency setbull Each set is 1 Upstream+1 Downstream
bullOther ratios may bepreferred depending on service
bull Reuse factor is 4x
Requirementsbull High Gain Antennasbull Good Side Lobe Rejectionbull Power Control
RFbull 6 BWA RF Channels Required
f1
f2
f3
Frequencies repeated
March 2000 18IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
4 Sectored Multi-Cell Layout forBroadband Wireless Access
4V
1V2V
3V
4V
1V
2V
3V
4H
1H
2H
3H
4H
1H2H
3H 4H
1H2H
3H
4V
1V2V
3V
Definitionsbull1V=Frequency set withVertically Polarized AntennasbullEtc
RequirementsbullHigh Gain AntennasbullGood Side Lobe RejectionbullPower Control
RFbull8 BWA RF Channels minbullFrequency Reuse 1cell
HubCPE
POPBackhaul
March 2000 19IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Potential MDS Evolution for Growth
0
1
2a
3
OR2b
Broadband Growth
MaximizeValue ofSpectrum
Business + SOHOTAF + Consumer
Planned evolution reduces initial investment and risk withupside opportunity to enter new segments
Increasing Capacity
Higher Investment
Customers
March 2000 20IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Link Availability
bull LMDS Link availability determined by distance and interferencebull Calculations based on works of Vigants and Barnett
bull Example shownndash Low interference
ndash QPSK - 16QAM
bull Example conclusionsndash High availability can be achieved at 5 miles
ndash To achieve 4 nines availability at 10 miles requires operation 15 dBabove threshold
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Distance (miles)
Po
wer
ove
r T
(T
= 1
5 d
B)
SI = 30 dBl
99
999
999999999
Availability primarily determined by distance from hubReliability depends on redundancy etc
March 2000 21IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Quality of Service
bull Datandash QoS is the percent probability that the customer will perceive the file
transfer rate specified by the provider during any session
ndash High level QoS requires prioritization of packet transfers
ndash Service price options require bandwidth and QoS management
bull Voice (VoIP)ndash Assumption voice encoding will produce voice quality as required
ndash Transport must not reduce voice quality
ndash Prioritization required in packet transfer -- QoS management
bull Providing QoSndash Requirements
bull Scheduling of packets compressed header etc
bull Traffic Engineering operating within QoS capacity
ndash DOCSIS 11 protocol provides hooks for QoS management
bull Scheduler algorithm and air interface enhancements required
bull Proposal DOCSIS-based core for air interface protocol
QoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWAQoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWA
March 2000 22IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
TrafficCapacity Engineering
Applications
Applications
Applications
Data for Transmission
ToBroadbandNetworkShared
RFBandwidth
MACSharingAlgorithm
UserCPETransmission Queues
Pro
babi
lity
of R
ecei
ving
the
Tra
nsm
issi
on R
ate
Transmission Rate
Shared Link Rate
Access for multiplemixed services overone platform
Sharing over platformdepends on managementand engineering
March 2000 23IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Conclusions
bull MMDS is on the verge of mass deploymentbull Success depends on competitive cost model and high quality
service
bull Services include Internet Voice via VoIP and VPNbull Desirable product implementation
ndash TDMAFDD
ndash Multiple modulation rates -- QPSK to 64QAMndash IP-centric
ndash DOCSIS11 with wireless enhancements
bull Products currently available with all or some of the essentialcharacteristics
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
March 2000 8IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Target Markets and Services
bull Target Marketsndash Small to Medium Business
ndash SOHO
ndash Residence (especially Technically Affluent Families TAF)ndash Multiple Dwelling Units
bull Target Servicesndash High Speed Internet Access
ndash Work at Home LAN extensionndash Virtual Private Networks
ndash Video -- video conferencing to videophone
ndash PSTN Voice 2nd Line going to primary as customer attitudechanges
Telecommunications is moving from a circuit switched model withdata pretending to be voice to a packet network model with voice
pretending to be data
Telecommunications is moving from a circuit switched model withdata pretending to be voice to a packet network model with voice
pretending to be data
March 2000 9IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Attributes
bull MMDS Advantagesndash Broadband servicendash Large area coverage from hub
ndash Short service activation cyclendash Reach to unserved markets -- Outside ADSL and Cable service
areas
bull Desirable System Attributesndash Flexible access platform
ndash ScalableMigratable productndash Spectrum efficient -- Optimize shared limited resource
ndash Manageable Service volume administration and billing
bull MMDS Solutionsndash Point to Multipoint
ndash Statistical Multiplexing over the air
ndash Packet based
March 2000IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Broadband Access Options
bull Fiber Opticsbull Point-to-Point Microwavebull ADSLbull Cable - HFCbull Point-to-Multipoint Systems
bull LMDS
bull MDS
bull Satellites
Technology and spectrum dictated by marketplacedemands
Technology and spectrum dictated by marketplacedemands
LMDS
MDS
PCS
Fiber
01 1
LOW
HIGH
Su
bsc
rib
er D
ensi
tySubscriber ldquoSizerdquo
SmallResidential
LargeT3+
Cable Modem
ADSLand
Satellite
10Mbps data
March 2000 11IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS vs LMDSSymbiotic Relationship
Low Band Microwave lt10 GHz
bull Narrow bandwidth allocations
bull Largely unaffected by rainndash Spans limited by earthrsquos
curvature -- gt50 km
bull Lower cost -- moreexperience higher quantity
Microwave gt10 GHz(Millimeter Wave)
bull Wider bandwidth allocations-- up to 1 GHz LMDS
bull Rain attenuation increaseswith frequencyndash Practical spans as short as
2 km at 38 GHz
bull Cost high -- but falling withexperience and quantity
2-Way MMDS can serve lowerdensity distributed market
LMDS Service for high marketdensity andor high bandwidth
March 2000 12IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MDS SpectrumITFS MDS and MMDS Channelization - US Model
A1
B1
A2
B2 A3
B3
A4
B4
C1
D1
C2
D2
C3
D3
C4
D4
E1
F1
E2
F2 E3
F3
E4
F4
G1
H1
G2
H2
G3
H3
G4
H4
ITFS and MMDS Channels ITFS = A B C D G MMDS = E F HMMDS Response = H4
MDS
2150
2162
2500 2596 2686
26899Frequency - MHz
1 2
WCS
2305
2320
2345
2360
Note WCS may be used to augment MDS
March 2000 13IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Transverter
LAN
Modem
Transverter
Modem
Rx Tx
HubController
Router
NetworkManager
VoIPGateway
PSTN DataNetwork
Wireless Hub(May bedistributed)
Residence
Business
Air InterfaceCore
ComponentsPOPs
Broadband Wireless Access System Model
March 2000 14IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Access Methodology
bull Multiple Access Optionsndash FDMA -- Best suited to large pipe fixed bandwidth service
ndash TDMA -- Best suited to Dynamic Bandwidth Allocationndash CDMA -- Best suited to lower bit rate services in challenged
environment Magic is in frequency reuse -- not in individualspectrum efficiency
ndash OFDM -- Best suited for avoiding interference from discrete sources
bull Duplex Optionsndash FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) -- Lower complexityndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) -- Higher flexibility
bull Protocolndash ATM -- Best for transport and Quality of Servicendash IP -- Most services are IP IP QoS under development
Best choice depends on service and environmentProposal IP packet over TDMAFDD
Best choice depends on service and environmentProposal IP packet over TDMAFDD
March 2000 15IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
BWA Link LossLink Budget
Transverter Output Power
Hub CPE
Free Space Loss
Actual Link Loss
Antenna Gain
Antenna GainDiplexer Loss
Mar
gin
Cabling Loss
Receiver Noise Floor
Noise Figure
Threshold required for QualityPotentialRequired
Distance
RF
Sig
nal
Lev
el
March 2000 16IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Coverage -- Options
bull Coverage is determined by link budget distance terrain andland use
bull Single cell layout -- Optimum networkbull Maximum reliable coverage range 25 milesbull Flat terrain
bull High power CPE transmitters
bull High cell site antenna positioningbull Advantage Infrastructure backhaul
bull Multi-cell layout -- Useful for difficult terrain very high densitybull Cell coverage range to suit capacity and terrain 5-10 milesbull May be adapted to terrain
bull Lower cell site antennabull Potential for higher level upstream modulation
bull Trade-offs may be made spectrum capacity powerbull Multi-cell penalty infrastructure backhaul
March 2000 17IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Typical Super Cell
Definitionsbull fn=Frequency setbull Each set is 1 Upstream+1 Downstream
bullOther ratios may bepreferred depending on service
bull Reuse factor is 4x
Requirementsbull High Gain Antennasbull Good Side Lobe Rejectionbull Power Control
RFbull 6 BWA RF Channels Required
f1
f2
f3
Frequencies repeated
March 2000 18IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
4 Sectored Multi-Cell Layout forBroadband Wireless Access
4V
1V2V
3V
4V
1V
2V
3V
4H
1H
2H
3H
4H
1H2H
3H 4H
1H2H
3H
4V
1V2V
3V
Definitionsbull1V=Frequency set withVertically Polarized AntennasbullEtc
RequirementsbullHigh Gain AntennasbullGood Side Lobe RejectionbullPower Control
RFbull8 BWA RF Channels minbullFrequency Reuse 1cell
HubCPE
POPBackhaul
March 2000 19IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Potential MDS Evolution for Growth
0
1
2a
3
OR2b
Broadband Growth
MaximizeValue ofSpectrum
Business + SOHOTAF + Consumer
Planned evolution reduces initial investment and risk withupside opportunity to enter new segments
Increasing Capacity
Higher Investment
Customers
March 2000 20IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Link Availability
bull LMDS Link availability determined by distance and interferencebull Calculations based on works of Vigants and Barnett
bull Example shownndash Low interference
ndash QPSK - 16QAM
bull Example conclusionsndash High availability can be achieved at 5 miles
ndash To achieve 4 nines availability at 10 miles requires operation 15 dBabove threshold
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Distance (miles)
Po
wer
ove
r T
(T
= 1
5 d
B)
SI = 30 dBl
99
999
999999999
Availability primarily determined by distance from hubReliability depends on redundancy etc
March 2000 21IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Quality of Service
bull Datandash QoS is the percent probability that the customer will perceive the file
transfer rate specified by the provider during any session
ndash High level QoS requires prioritization of packet transfers
ndash Service price options require bandwidth and QoS management
bull Voice (VoIP)ndash Assumption voice encoding will produce voice quality as required
ndash Transport must not reduce voice quality
ndash Prioritization required in packet transfer -- QoS management
bull Providing QoSndash Requirements
bull Scheduling of packets compressed header etc
bull Traffic Engineering operating within QoS capacity
ndash DOCSIS 11 protocol provides hooks for QoS management
bull Scheduler algorithm and air interface enhancements required
bull Proposal DOCSIS-based core for air interface protocol
QoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWAQoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWA
March 2000 22IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
TrafficCapacity Engineering
Applications
Applications
Applications
Data for Transmission
ToBroadbandNetworkShared
RFBandwidth
MACSharingAlgorithm
UserCPETransmission Queues
Pro
babi
lity
of R
ecei
ving
the
Tra
nsm
issi
on R
ate
Transmission Rate
Shared Link Rate
Access for multiplemixed services overone platform
Sharing over platformdepends on managementand engineering
March 2000 23IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Conclusions
bull MMDS is on the verge of mass deploymentbull Success depends on competitive cost model and high quality
service
bull Services include Internet Voice via VoIP and VPNbull Desirable product implementation
ndash TDMAFDD
ndash Multiple modulation rates -- QPSK to 64QAMndash IP-centric
ndash DOCSIS11 with wireless enhancements
bull Products currently available with all or some of the essentialcharacteristics
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
March 2000 9IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Attributes
bull MMDS Advantagesndash Broadband servicendash Large area coverage from hub
ndash Short service activation cyclendash Reach to unserved markets -- Outside ADSL and Cable service
areas
bull Desirable System Attributesndash Flexible access platform
ndash ScalableMigratable productndash Spectrum efficient -- Optimize shared limited resource
ndash Manageable Service volume administration and billing
bull MMDS Solutionsndash Point to Multipoint
ndash Statistical Multiplexing over the air
ndash Packet based
March 2000IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Broadband Access Options
bull Fiber Opticsbull Point-to-Point Microwavebull ADSLbull Cable - HFCbull Point-to-Multipoint Systems
bull LMDS
bull MDS
bull Satellites
Technology and spectrum dictated by marketplacedemands
Technology and spectrum dictated by marketplacedemands
LMDS
MDS
PCS
Fiber
01 1
LOW
HIGH
Su
bsc
rib
er D
ensi
tySubscriber ldquoSizerdquo
SmallResidential
LargeT3+
Cable Modem
ADSLand
Satellite
10Mbps data
March 2000 11IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS vs LMDSSymbiotic Relationship
Low Band Microwave lt10 GHz
bull Narrow bandwidth allocations
bull Largely unaffected by rainndash Spans limited by earthrsquos
curvature -- gt50 km
bull Lower cost -- moreexperience higher quantity
Microwave gt10 GHz(Millimeter Wave)
bull Wider bandwidth allocations-- up to 1 GHz LMDS
bull Rain attenuation increaseswith frequencyndash Practical spans as short as
2 km at 38 GHz
bull Cost high -- but falling withexperience and quantity
2-Way MMDS can serve lowerdensity distributed market
LMDS Service for high marketdensity andor high bandwidth
March 2000 12IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MDS SpectrumITFS MDS and MMDS Channelization - US Model
A1
B1
A2
B2 A3
B3
A4
B4
C1
D1
C2
D2
C3
D3
C4
D4
E1
F1
E2
F2 E3
F3
E4
F4
G1
H1
G2
H2
G3
H3
G4
H4
ITFS and MMDS Channels ITFS = A B C D G MMDS = E F HMMDS Response = H4
MDS
2150
2162
2500 2596 2686
26899Frequency - MHz
1 2
WCS
2305
2320
2345
2360
Note WCS may be used to augment MDS
March 2000 13IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Transverter
LAN
Modem
Transverter
Modem
Rx Tx
HubController
Router
NetworkManager
VoIPGateway
PSTN DataNetwork
Wireless Hub(May bedistributed)
Residence
Business
Air InterfaceCore
ComponentsPOPs
Broadband Wireless Access System Model
March 2000 14IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Access Methodology
bull Multiple Access Optionsndash FDMA -- Best suited to large pipe fixed bandwidth service
ndash TDMA -- Best suited to Dynamic Bandwidth Allocationndash CDMA -- Best suited to lower bit rate services in challenged
environment Magic is in frequency reuse -- not in individualspectrum efficiency
ndash OFDM -- Best suited for avoiding interference from discrete sources
bull Duplex Optionsndash FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) -- Lower complexityndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) -- Higher flexibility
bull Protocolndash ATM -- Best for transport and Quality of Servicendash IP -- Most services are IP IP QoS under development
Best choice depends on service and environmentProposal IP packet over TDMAFDD
Best choice depends on service and environmentProposal IP packet over TDMAFDD
March 2000 15IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
BWA Link LossLink Budget
Transverter Output Power
Hub CPE
Free Space Loss
Actual Link Loss
Antenna Gain
Antenna GainDiplexer Loss
Mar
gin
Cabling Loss
Receiver Noise Floor
Noise Figure
Threshold required for QualityPotentialRequired
Distance
RF
Sig
nal
Lev
el
March 2000 16IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Coverage -- Options
bull Coverage is determined by link budget distance terrain andland use
bull Single cell layout -- Optimum networkbull Maximum reliable coverage range 25 milesbull Flat terrain
bull High power CPE transmitters
bull High cell site antenna positioningbull Advantage Infrastructure backhaul
bull Multi-cell layout -- Useful for difficult terrain very high densitybull Cell coverage range to suit capacity and terrain 5-10 milesbull May be adapted to terrain
bull Lower cell site antennabull Potential for higher level upstream modulation
bull Trade-offs may be made spectrum capacity powerbull Multi-cell penalty infrastructure backhaul
March 2000 17IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Typical Super Cell
Definitionsbull fn=Frequency setbull Each set is 1 Upstream+1 Downstream
bullOther ratios may bepreferred depending on service
bull Reuse factor is 4x
Requirementsbull High Gain Antennasbull Good Side Lobe Rejectionbull Power Control
RFbull 6 BWA RF Channels Required
f1
f2
f3
Frequencies repeated
March 2000 18IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
4 Sectored Multi-Cell Layout forBroadband Wireless Access
4V
1V2V
3V
4V
1V
2V
3V
4H
1H
2H
3H
4H
1H2H
3H 4H
1H2H
3H
4V
1V2V
3V
Definitionsbull1V=Frequency set withVertically Polarized AntennasbullEtc
RequirementsbullHigh Gain AntennasbullGood Side Lobe RejectionbullPower Control
RFbull8 BWA RF Channels minbullFrequency Reuse 1cell
HubCPE
POPBackhaul
March 2000 19IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Potential MDS Evolution for Growth
0
1
2a
3
OR2b
Broadband Growth
MaximizeValue ofSpectrum
Business + SOHOTAF + Consumer
Planned evolution reduces initial investment and risk withupside opportunity to enter new segments
Increasing Capacity
Higher Investment
Customers
March 2000 20IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Link Availability
bull LMDS Link availability determined by distance and interferencebull Calculations based on works of Vigants and Barnett
bull Example shownndash Low interference
ndash QPSK - 16QAM
bull Example conclusionsndash High availability can be achieved at 5 miles
ndash To achieve 4 nines availability at 10 miles requires operation 15 dBabove threshold
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Distance (miles)
Po
wer
ove
r T
(T
= 1
5 d
B)
SI = 30 dBl
99
999
999999999
Availability primarily determined by distance from hubReliability depends on redundancy etc
March 2000 21IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Quality of Service
bull Datandash QoS is the percent probability that the customer will perceive the file
transfer rate specified by the provider during any session
ndash High level QoS requires prioritization of packet transfers
ndash Service price options require bandwidth and QoS management
bull Voice (VoIP)ndash Assumption voice encoding will produce voice quality as required
ndash Transport must not reduce voice quality
ndash Prioritization required in packet transfer -- QoS management
bull Providing QoSndash Requirements
bull Scheduling of packets compressed header etc
bull Traffic Engineering operating within QoS capacity
ndash DOCSIS 11 protocol provides hooks for QoS management
bull Scheduler algorithm and air interface enhancements required
bull Proposal DOCSIS-based core for air interface protocol
QoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWAQoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWA
March 2000 22IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
TrafficCapacity Engineering
Applications
Applications
Applications
Data for Transmission
ToBroadbandNetworkShared
RFBandwidth
MACSharingAlgorithm
UserCPETransmission Queues
Pro
babi
lity
of R
ecei
ving
the
Tra
nsm
issi
on R
ate
Transmission Rate
Shared Link Rate
Access for multiplemixed services overone platform
Sharing over platformdepends on managementand engineering
March 2000 23IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Conclusions
bull MMDS is on the verge of mass deploymentbull Success depends on competitive cost model and high quality
service
bull Services include Internet Voice via VoIP and VPNbull Desirable product implementation
ndash TDMAFDD
ndash Multiple modulation rates -- QPSK to 64QAMndash IP-centric
ndash DOCSIS11 with wireless enhancements
bull Products currently available with all or some of the essentialcharacteristics
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
March 2000IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Broadband Access Options
bull Fiber Opticsbull Point-to-Point Microwavebull ADSLbull Cable - HFCbull Point-to-Multipoint Systems
bull LMDS
bull MDS
bull Satellites
Technology and spectrum dictated by marketplacedemands
Technology and spectrum dictated by marketplacedemands
LMDS
MDS
PCS
Fiber
01 1
LOW
HIGH
Su
bsc
rib
er D
ensi
tySubscriber ldquoSizerdquo
SmallResidential
LargeT3+
Cable Modem
ADSLand
Satellite
10Mbps data
March 2000 11IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS vs LMDSSymbiotic Relationship
Low Band Microwave lt10 GHz
bull Narrow bandwidth allocations
bull Largely unaffected by rainndash Spans limited by earthrsquos
curvature -- gt50 km
bull Lower cost -- moreexperience higher quantity
Microwave gt10 GHz(Millimeter Wave)
bull Wider bandwidth allocations-- up to 1 GHz LMDS
bull Rain attenuation increaseswith frequencyndash Practical spans as short as
2 km at 38 GHz
bull Cost high -- but falling withexperience and quantity
2-Way MMDS can serve lowerdensity distributed market
LMDS Service for high marketdensity andor high bandwidth
March 2000 12IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MDS SpectrumITFS MDS and MMDS Channelization - US Model
A1
B1
A2
B2 A3
B3
A4
B4
C1
D1
C2
D2
C3
D3
C4
D4
E1
F1
E2
F2 E3
F3
E4
F4
G1
H1
G2
H2
G3
H3
G4
H4
ITFS and MMDS Channels ITFS = A B C D G MMDS = E F HMMDS Response = H4
MDS
2150
2162
2500 2596 2686
26899Frequency - MHz
1 2
WCS
2305
2320
2345
2360
Note WCS may be used to augment MDS
March 2000 13IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Transverter
LAN
Modem
Transverter
Modem
Rx Tx
HubController
Router
NetworkManager
VoIPGateway
PSTN DataNetwork
Wireless Hub(May bedistributed)
Residence
Business
Air InterfaceCore
ComponentsPOPs
Broadband Wireless Access System Model
March 2000 14IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Access Methodology
bull Multiple Access Optionsndash FDMA -- Best suited to large pipe fixed bandwidth service
ndash TDMA -- Best suited to Dynamic Bandwidth Allocationndash CDMA -- Best suited to lower bit rate services in challenged
environment Magic is in frequency reuse -- not in individualspectrum efficiency
ndash OFDM -- Best suited for avoiding interference from discrete sources
bull Duplex Optionsndash FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) -- Lower complexityndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) -- Higher flexibility
bull Protocolndash ATM -- Best for transport and Quality of Servicendash IP -- Most services are IP IP QoS under development
Best choice depends on service and environmentProposal IP packet over TDMAFDD
Best choice depends on service and environmentProposal IP packet over TDMAFDD
March 2000 15IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
BWA Link LossLink Budget
Transverter Output Power
Hub CPE
Free Space Loss
Actual Link Loss
Antenna Gain
Antenna GainDiplexer Loss
Mar
gin
Cabling Loss
Receiver Noise Floor
Noise Figure
Threshold required for QualityPotentialRequired
Distance
RF
Sig
nal
Lev
el
March 2000 16IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Coverage -- Options
bull Coverage is determined by link budget distance terrain andland use
bull Single cell layout -- Optimum networkbull Maximum reliable coverage range 25 milesbull Flat terrain
bull High power CPE transmitters
bull High cell site antenna positioningbull Advantage Infrastructure backhaul
bull Multi-cell layout -- Useful for difficult terrain very high densitybull Cell coverage range to suit capacity and terrain 5-10 milesbull May be adapted to terrain
bull Lower cell site antennabull Potential for higher level upstream modulation
bull Trade-offs may be made spectrum capacity powerbull Multi-cell penalty infrastructure backhaul
March 2000 17IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Typical Super Cell
Definitionsbull fn=Frequency setbull Each set is 1 Upstream+1 Downstream
bullOther ratios may bepreferred depending on service
bull Reuse factor is 4x
Requirementsbull High Gain Antennasbull Good Side Lobe Rejectionbull Power Control
RFbull 6 BWA RF Channels Required
f1
f2
f3
Frequencies repeated
March 2000 18IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
4 Sectored Multi-Cell Layout forBroadband Wireless Access
4V
1V2V
3V
4V
1V
2V
3V
4H
1H
2H
3H
4H
1H2H
3H 4H
1H2H
3H
4V
1V2V
3V
Definitionsbull1V=Frequency set withVertically Polarized AntennasbullEtc
RequirementsbullHigh Gain AntennasbullGood Side Lobe RejectionbullPower Control
RFbull8 BWA RF Channels minbullFrequency Reuse 1cell
HubCPE
POPBackhaul
March 2000 19IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Potential MDS Evolution for Growth
0
1
2a
3
OR2b
Broadband Growth
MaximizeValue ofSpectrum
Business + SOHOTAF + Consumer
Planned evolution reduces initial investment and risk withupside opportunity to enter new segments
Increasing Capacity
Higher Investment
Customers
March 2000 20IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Link Availability
bull LMDS Link availability determined by distance and interferencebull Calculations based on works of Vigants and Barnett
bull Example shownndash Low interference
ndash QPSK - 16QAM
bull Example conclusionsndash High availability can be achieved at 5 miles
ndash To achieve 4 nines availability at 10 miles requires operation 15 dBabove threshold
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Distance (miles)
Po
wer
ove
r T
(T
= 1
5 d
B)
SI = 30 dBl
99
999
999999999
Availability primarily determined by distance from hubReliability depends on redundancy etc
March 2000 21IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Quality of Service
bull Datandash QoS is the percent probability that the customer will perceive the file
transfer rate specified by the provider during any session
ndash High level QoS requires prioritization of packet transfers
ndash Service price options require bandwidth and QoS management
bull Voice (VoIP)ndash Assumption voice encoding will produce voice quality as required
ndash Transport must not reduce voice quality
ndash Prioritization required in packet transfer -- QoS management
bull Providing QoSndash Requirements
bull Scheduling of packets compressed header etc
bull Traffic Engineering operating within QoS capacity
ndash DOCSIS 11 protocol provides hooks for QoS management
bull Scheduler algorithm and air interface enhancements required
bull Proposal DOCSIS-based core for air interface protocol
QoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWAQoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWA
March 2000 22IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
TrafficCapacity Engineering
Applications
Applications
Applications
Data for Transmission
ToBroadbandNetworkShared
RFBandwidth
MACSharingAlgorithm
UserCPETransmission Queues
Pro
babi
lity
of R
ecei
ving
the
Tra
nsm
issi
on R
ate
Transmission Rate
Shared Link Rate
Access for multiplemixed services overone platform
Sharing over platformdepends on managementand engineering
March 2000 23IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Conclusions
bull MMDS is on the verge of mass deploymentbull Success depends on competitive cost model and high quality
service
bull Services include Internet Voice via VoIP and VPNbull Desirable product implementation
ndash TDMAFDD
ndash Multiple modulation rates -- QPSK to 64QAMndash IP-centric
ndash DOCSIS11 with wireless enhancements
bull Products currently available with all or some of the essentialcharacteristics
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
March 2000 11IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS vs LMDSSymbiotic Relationship
Low Band Microwave lt10 GHz
bull Narrow bandwidth allocations
bull Largely unaffected by rainndash Spans limited by earthrsquos
curvature -- gt50 km
bull Lower cost -- moreexperience higher quantity
Microwave gt10 GHz(Millimeter Wave)
bull Wider bandwidth allocations-- up to 1 GHz LMDS
bull Rain attenuation increaseswith frequencyndash Practical spans as short as
2 km at 38 GHz
bull Cost high -- but falling withexperience and quantity
2-Way MMDS can serve lowerdensity distributed market
LMDS Service for high marketdensity andor high bandwidth
March 2000 12IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MDS SpectrumITFS MDS and MMDS Channelization - US Model
A1
B1
A2
B2 A3
B3
A4
B4
C1
D1
C2
D2
C3
D3
C4
D4
E1
F1
E2
F2 E3
F3
E4
F4
G1
H1
G2
H2
G3
H3
G4
H4
ITFS and MMDS Channels ITFS = A B C D G MMDS = E F HMMDS Response = H4
MDS
2150
2162
2500 2596 2686
26899Frequency - MHz
1 2
WCS
2305
2320
2345
2360
Note WCS may be used to augment MDS
March 2000 13IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Transverter
LAN
Modem
Transverter
Modem
Rx Tx
HubController
Router
NetworkManager
VoIPGateway
PSTN DataNetwork
Wireless Hub(May bedistributed)
Residence
Business
Air InterfaceCore
ComponentsPOPs
Broadband Wireless Access System Model
March 2000 14IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Access Methodology
bull Multiple Access Optionsndash FDMA -- Best suited to large pipe fixed bandwidth service
ndash TDMA -- Best suited to Dynamic Bandwidth Allocationndash CDMA -- Best suited to lower bit rate services in challenged
environment Magic is in frequency reuse -- not in individualspectrum efficiency
ndash OFDM -- Best suited for avoiding interference from discrete sources
bull Duplex Optionsndash FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) -- Lower complexityndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) -- Higher flexibility
bull Protocolndash ATM -- Best for transport and Quality of Servicendash IP -- Most services are IP IP QoS under development
Best choice depends on service and environmentProposal IP packet over TDMAFDD
Best choice depends on service and environmentProposal IP packet over TDMAFDD
March 2000 15IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
BWA Link LossLink Budget
Transverter Output Power
Hub CPE
Free Space Loss
Actual Link Loss
Antenna Gain
Antenna GainDiplexer Loss
Mar
gin
Cabling Loss
Receiver Noise Floor
Noise Figure
Threshold required for QualityPotentialRequired
Distance
RF
Sig
nal
Lev
el
March 2000 16IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Coverage -- Options
bull Coverage is determined by link budget distance terrain andland use
bull Single cell layout -- Optimum networkbull Maximum reliable coverage range 25 milesbull Flat terrain
bull High power CPE transmitters
bull High cell site antenna positioningbull Advantage Infrastructure backhaul
bull Multi-cell layout -- Useful for difficult terrain very high densitybull Cell coverage range to suit capacity and terrain 5-10 milesbull May be adapted to terrain
bull Lower cell site antennabull Potential for higher level upstream modulation
bull Trade-offs may be made spectrum capacity powerbull Multi-cell penalty infrastructure backhaul
March 2000 17IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Typical Super Cell
Definitionsbull fn=Frequency setbull Each set is 1 Upstream+1 Downstream
bullOther ratios may bepreferred depending on service
bull Reuse factor is 4x
Requirementsbull High Gain Antennasbull Good Side Lobe Rejectionbull Power Control
RFbull 6 BWA RF Channels Required
f1
f2
f3
Frequencies repeated
March 2000 18IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
4 Sectored Multi-Cell Layout forBroadband Wireless Access
4V
1V2V
3V
4V
1V
2V
3V
4H
1H
2H
3H
4H
1H2H
3H 4H
1H2H
3H
4V
1V2V
3V
Definitionsbull1V=Frequency set withVertically Polarized AntennasbullEtc
RequirementsbullHigh Gain AntennasbullGood Side Lobe RejectionbullPower Control
RFbull8 BWA RF Channels minbullFrequency Reuse 1cell
HubCPE
POPBackhaul
March 2000 19IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Potential MDS Evolution for Growth
0
1
2a
3
OR2b
Broadband Growth
MaximizeValue ofSpectrum
Business + SOHOTAF + Consumer
Planned evolution reduces initial investment and risk withupside opportunity to enter new segments
Increasing Capacity
Higher Investment
Customers
March 2000 20IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Link Availability
bull LMDS Link availability determined by distance and interferencebull Calculations based on works of Vigants and Barnett
bull Example shownndash Low interference
ndash QPSK - 16QAM
bull Example conclusionsndash High availability can be achieved at 5 miles
ndash To achieve 4 nines availability at 10 miles requires operation 15 dBabove threshold
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Distance (miles)
Po
wer
ove
r T
(T
= 1
5 d
B)
SI = 30 dBl
99
999
999999999
Availability primarily determined by distance from hubReliability depends on redundancy etc
March 2000 21IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Quality of Service
bull Datandash QoS is the percent probability that the customer will perceive the file
transfer rate specified by the provider during any session
ndash High level QoS requires prioritization of packet transfers
ndash Service price options require bandwidth and QoS management
bull Voice (VoIP)ndash Assumption voice encoding will produce voice quality as required
ndash Transport must not reduce voice quality
ndash Prioritization required in packet transfer -- QoS management
bull Providing QoSndash Requirements
bull Scheduling of packets compressed header etc
bull Traffic Engineering operating within QoS capacity
ndash DOCSIS 11 protocol provides hooks for QoS management
bull Scheduler algorithm and air interface enhancements required
bull Proposal DOCSIS-based core for air interface protocol
QoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWAQoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWA
March 2000 22IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
TrafficCapacity Engineering
Applications
Applications
Applications
Data for Transmission
ToBroadbandNetworkShared
RFBandwidth
MACSharingAlgorithm
UserCPETransmission Queues
Pro
babi
lity
of R
ecei
ving
the
Tra
nsm
issi
on R
ate
Transmission Rate
Shared Link Rate
Access for multiplemixed services overone platform
Sharing over platformdepends on managementand engineering
March 2000 23IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Conclusions
bull MMDS is on the verge of mass deploymentbull Success depends on competitive cost model and high quality
service
bull Services include Internet Voice via VoIP and VPNbull Desirable product implementation
ndash TDMAFDD
ndash Multiple modulation rates -- QPSK to 64QAMndash IP-centric
ndash DOCSIS11 with wireless enhancements
bull Products currently available with all or some of the essentialcharacteristics
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
March 2000 12IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MDS SpectrumITFS MDS and MMDS Channelization - US Model
A1
B1
A2
B2 A3
B3
A4
B4
C1
D1
C2
D2
C3
D3
C4
D4
E1
F1
E2
F2 E3
F3
E4
F4
G1
H1
G2
H2
G3
H3
G4
H4
ITFS and MMDS Channels ITFS = A B C D G MMDS = E F HMMDS Response = H4
MDS
2150
2162
2500 2596 2686
26899Frequency - MHz
1 2
WCS
2305
2320
2345
2360
Note WCS may be used to augment MDS
March 2000 13IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Transverter
LAN
Modem
Transverter
Modem
Rx Tx
HubController
Router
NetworkManager
VoIPGateway
PSTN DataNetwork
Wireless Hub(May bedistributed)
Residence
Business
Air InterfaceCore
ComponentsPOPs
Broadband Wireless Access System Model
March 2000 14IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Access Methodology
bull Multiple Access Optionsndash FDMA -- Best suited to large pipe fixed bandwidth service
ndash TDMA -- Best suited to Dynamic Bandwidth Allocationndash CDMA -- Best suited to lower bit rate services in challenged
environment Magic is in frequency reuse -- not in individualspectrum efficiency
ndash OFDM -- Best suited for avoiding interference from discrete sources
bull Duplex Optionsndash FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) -- Lower complexityndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) -- Higher flexibility
bull Protocolndash ATM -- Best for transport and Quality of Servicendash IP -- Most services are IP IP QoS under development
Best choice depends on service and environmentProposal IP packet over TDMAFDD
Best choice depends on service and environmentProposal IP packet over TDMAFDD
March 2000 15IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
BWA Link LossLink Budget
Transverter Output Power
Hub CPE
Free Space Loss
Actual Link Loss
Antenna Gain
Antenna GainDiplexer Loss
Mar
gin
Cabling Loss
Receiver Noise Floor
Noise Figure
Threshold required for QualityPotentialRequired
Distance
RF
Sig
nal
Lev
el
March 2000 16IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Coverage -- Options
bull Coverage is determined by link budget distance terrain andland use
bull Single cell layout -- Optimum networkbull Maximum reliable coverage range 25 milesbull Flat terrain
bull High power CPE transmitters
bull High cell site antenna positioningbull Advantage Infrastructure backhaul
bull Multi-cell layout -- Useful for difficult terrain very high densitybull Cell coverage range to suit capacity and terrain 5-10 milesbull May be adapted to terrain
bull Lower cell site antennabull Potential for higher level upstream modulation
bull Trade-offs may be made spectrum capacity powerbull Multi-cell penalty infrastructure backhaul
March 2000 17IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Typical Super Cell
Definitionsbull fn=Frequency setbull Each set is 1 Upstream+1 Downstream
bullOther ratios may bepreferred depending on service
bull Reuse factor is 4x
Requirementsbull High Gain Antennasbull Good Side Lobe Rejectionbull Power Control
RFbull 6 BWA RF Channels Required
f1
f2
f3
Frequencies repeated
March 2000 18IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
4 Sectored Multi-Cell Layout forBroadband Wireless Access
4V
1V2V
3V
4V
1V
2V
3V
4H
1H
2H
3H
4H
1H2H
3H 4H
1H2H
3H
4V
1V2V
3V
Definitionsbull1V=Frequency set withVertically Polarized AntennasbullEtc
RequirementsbullHigh Gain AntennasbullGood Side Lobe RejectionbullPower Control
RFbull8 BWA RF Channels minbullFrequency Reuse 1cell
HubCPE
POPBackhaul
March 2000 19IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Potential MDS Evolution for Growth
0
1
2a
3
OR2b
Broadband Growth
MaximizeValue ofSpectrum
Business + SOHOTAF + Consumer
Planned evolution reduces initial investment and risk withupside opportunity to enter new segments
Increasing Capacity
Higher Investment
Customers
March 2000 20IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Link Availability
bull LMDS Link availability determined by distance and interferencebull Calculations based on works of Vigants and Barnett
bull Example shownndash Low interference
ndash QPSK - 16QAM
bull Example conclusionsndash High availability can be achieved at 5 miles
ndash To achieve 4 nines availability at 10 miles requires operation 15 dBabove threshold
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Distance (miles)
Po
wer
ove
r T
(T
= 1
5 d
B)
SI = 30 dBl
99
999
999999999
Availability primarily determined by distance from hubReliability depends on redundancy etc
March 2000 21IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Quality of Service
bull Datandash QoS is the percent probability that the customer will perceive the file
transfer rate specified by the provider during any session
ndash High level QoS requires prioritization of packet transfers
ndash Service price options require bandwidth and QoS management
bull Voice (VoIP)ndash Assumption voice encoding will produce voice quality as required
ndash Transport must not reduce voice quality
ndash Prioritization required in packet transfer -- QoS management
bull Providing QoSndash Requirements
bull Scheduling of packets compressed header etc
bull Traffic Engineering operating within QoS capacity
ndash DOCSIS 11 protocol provides hooks for QoS management
bull Scheduler algorithm and air interface enhancements required
bull Proposal DOCSIS-based core for air interface protocol
QoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWAQoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWA
March 2000 22IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
TrafficCapacity Engineering
Applications
Applications
Applications
Data for Transmission
ToBroadbandNetworkShared
RFBandwidth
MACSharingAlgorithm
UserCPETransmission Queues
Pro
babi
lity
of R
ecei
ving
the
Tra
nsm
issi
on R
ate
Transmission Rate
Shared Link Rate
Access for multiplemixed services overone platform
Sharing over platformdepends on managementand engineering
March 2000 23IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Conclusions
bull MMDS is on the verge of mass deploymentbull Success depends on competitive cost model and high quality
service
bull Services include Internet Voice via VoIP and VPNbull Desirable product implementation
ndash TDMAFDD
ndash Multiple modulation rates -- QPSK to 64QAMndash IP-centric
ndash DOCSIS11 with wireless enhancements
bull Products currently available with all or some of the essentialcharacteristics
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
March 2000 13IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Transverter
LAN
Modem
Transverter
Modem
Rx Tx
HubController
Router
NetworkManager
VoIPGateway
PSTN DataNetwork
Wireless Hub(May bedistributed)
Residence
Business
Air InterfaceCore
ComponentsPOPs
Broadband Wireless Access System Model
March 2000 14IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Access Methodology
bull Multiple Access Optionsndash FDMA -- Best suited to large pipe fixed bandwidth service
ndash TDMA -- Best suited to Dynamic Bandwidth Allocationndash CDMA -- Best suited to lower bit rate services in challenged
environment Magic is in frequency reuse -- not in individualspectrum efficiency
ndash OFDM -- Best suited for avoiding interference from discrete sources
bull Duplex Optionsndash FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) -- Lower complexityndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) -- Higher flexibility
bull Protocolndash ATM -- Best for transport and Quality of Servicendash IP -- Most services are IP IP QoS under development
Best choice depends on service and environmentProposal IP packet over TDMAFDD
Best choice depends on service and environmentProposal IP packet over TDMAFDD
March 2000 15IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
BWA Link LossLink Budget
Transverter Output Power
Hub CPE
Free Space Loss
Actual Link Loss
Antenna Gain
Antenna GainDiplexer Loss
Mar
gin
Cabling Loss
Receiver Noise Floor
Noise Figure
Threshold required for QualityPotentialRequired
Distance
RF
Sig
nal
Lev
el
March 2000 16IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Coverage -- Options
bull Coverage is determined by link budget distance terrain andland use
bull Single cell layout -- Optimum networkbull Maximum reliable coverage range 25 milesbull Flat terrain
bull High power CPE transmitters
bull High cell site antenna positioningbull Advantage Infrastructure backhaul
bull Multi-cell layout -- Useful for difficult terrain very high densitybull Cell coverage range to suit capacity and terrain 5-10 milesbull May be adapted to terrain
bull Lower cell site antennabull Potential for higher level upstream modulation
bull Trade-offs may be made spectrum capacity powerbull Multi-cell penalty infrastructure backhaul
March 2000 17IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Typical Super Cell
Definitionsbull fn=Frequency setbull Each set is 1 Upstream+1 Downstream
bullOther ratios may bepreferred depending on service
bull Reuse factor is 4x
Requirementsbull High Gain Antennasbull Good Side Lobe Rejectionbull Power Control
RFbull 6 BWA RF Channels Required
f1
f2
f3
Frequencies repeated
March 2000 18IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
4 Sectored Multi-Cell Layout forBroadband Wireless Access
4V
1V2V
3V
4V
1V
2V
3V
4H
1H
2H
3H
4H
1H2H
3H 4H
1H2H
3H
4V
1V2V
3V
Definitionsbull1V=Frequency set withVertically Polarized AntennasbullEtc
RequirementsbullHigh Gain AntennasbullGood Side Lobe RejectionbullPower Control
RFbull8 BWA RF Channels minbullFrequency Reuse 1cell
HubCPE
POPBackhaul
March 2000 19IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Potential MDS Evolution for Growth
0
1
2a
3
OR2b
Broadband Growth
MaximizeValue ofSpectrum
Business + SOHOTAF + Consumer
Planned evolution reduces initial investment and risk withupside opportunity to enter new segments
Increasing Capacity
Higher Investment
Customers
March 2000 20IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Link Availability
bull LMDS Link availability determined by distance and interferencebull Calculations based on works of Vigants and Barnett
bull Example shownndash Low interference
ndash QPSK - 16QAM
bull Example conclusionsndash High availability can be achieved at 5 miles
ndash To achieve 4 nines availability at 10 miles requires operation 15 dBabove threshold
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Distance (miles)
Po
wer
ove
r T
(T
= 1
5 d
B)
SI = 30 dBl
99
999
999999999
Availability primarily determined by distance from hubReliability depends on redundancy etc
March 2000 21IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Quality of Service
bull Datandash QoS is the percent probability that the customer will perceive the file
transfer rate specified by the provider during any session
ndash High level QoS requires prioritization of packet transfers
ndash Service price options require bandwidth and QoS management
bull Voice (VoIP)ndash Assumption voice encoding will produce voice quality as required
ndash Transport must not reduce voice quality
ndash Prioritization required in packet transfer -- QoS management
bull Providing QoSndash Requirements
bull Scheduling of packets compressed header etc
bull Traffic Engineering operating within QoS capacity
ndash DOCSIS 11 protocol provides hooks for QoS management
bull Scheduler algorithm and air interface enhancements required
bull Proposal DOCSIS-based core for air interface protocol
QoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWAQoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWA
March 2000 22IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
TrafficCapacity Engineering
Applications
Applications
Applications
Data for Transmission
ToBroadbandNetworkShared
RFBandwidth
MACSharingAlgorithm
UserCPETransmission Queues
Pro
babi
lity
of R
ecei
ving
the
Tra
nsm
issi
on R
ate
Transmission Rate
Shared Link Rate
Access for multiplemixed services overone platform
Sharing over platformdepends on managementand engineering
March 2000 23IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Conclusions
bull MMDS is on the verge of mass deploymentbull Success depends on competitive cost model and high quality
service
bull Services include Internet Voice via VoIP and VPNbull Desirable product implementation
ndash TDMAFDD
ndash Multiple modulation rates -- QPSK to 64QAMndash IP-centric
ndash DOCSIS11 with wireless enhancements
bull Products currently available with all or some of the essentialcharacteristics
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
March 2000 14IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Access Methodology
bull Multiple Access Optionsndash FDMA -- Best suited to large pipe fixed bandwidth service
ndash TDMA -- Best suited to Dynamic Bandwidth Allocationndash CDMA -- Best suited to lower bit rate services in challenged
environment Magic is in frequency reuse -- not in individualspectrum efficiency
ndash OFDM -- Best suited for avoiding interference from discrete sources
bull Duplex Optionsndash FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) -- Lower complexityndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) -- Higher flexibility
bull Protocolndash ATM -- Best for transport and Quality of Servicendash IP -- Most services are IP IP QoS under development
Best choice depends on service and environmentProposal IP packet over TDMAFDD
Best choice depends on service and environmentProposal IP packet over TDMAFDD
March 2000 15IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
BWA Link LossLink Budget
Transverter Output Power
Hub CPE
Free Space Loss
Actual Link Loss
Antenna Gain
Antenna GainDiplexer Loss
Mar
gin
Cabling Loss
Receiver Noise Floor
Noise Figure
Threshold required for QualityPotentialRequired
Distance
RF
Sig
nal
Lev
el
March 2000 16IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Coverage -- Options
bull Coverage is determined by link budget distance terrain andland use
bull Single cell layout -- Optimum networkbull Maximum reliable coverage range 25 milesbull Flat terrain
bull High power CPE transmitters
bull High cell site antenna positioningbull Advantage Infrastructure backhaul
bull Multi-cell layout -- Useful for difficult terrain very high densitybull Cell coverage range to suit capacity and terrain 5-10 milesbull May be adapted to terrain
bull Lower cell site antennabull Potential for higher level upstream modulation
bull Trade-offs may be made spectrum capacity powerbull Multi-cell penalty infrastructure backhaul
March 2000 17IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Typical Super Cell
Definitionsbull fn=Frequency setbull Each set is 1 Upstream+1 Downstream
bullOther ratios may bepreferred depending on service
bull Reuse factor is 4x
Requirementsbull High Gain Antennasbull Good Side Lobe Rejectionbull Power Control
RFbull 6 BWA RF Channels Required
f1
f2
f3
Frequencies repeated
March 2000 18IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
4 Sectored Multi-Cell Layout forBroadband Wireless Access
4V
1V2V
3V
4V
1V
2V
3V
4H
1H
2H
3H
4H
1H2H
3H 4H
1H2H
3H
4V
1V2V
3V
Definitionsbull1V=Frequency set withVertically Polarized AntennasbullEtc
RequirementsbullHigh Gain AntennasbullGood Side Lobe RejectionbullPower Control
RFbull8 BWA RF Channels minbullFrequency Reuse 1cell
HubCPE
POPBackhaul
March 2000 19IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Potential MDS Evolution for Growth
0
1
2a
3
OR2b
Broadband Growth
MaximizeValue ofSpectrum
Business + SOHOTAF + Consumer
Planned evolution reduces initial investment and risk withupside opportunity to enter new segments
Increasing Capacity
Higher Investment
Customers
March 2000 20IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Link Availability
bull LMDS Link availability determined by distance and interferencebull Calculations based on works of Vigants and Barnett
bull Example shownndash Low interference
ndash QPSK - 16QAM
bull Example conclusionsndash High availability can be achieved at 5 miles
ndash To achieve 4 nines availability at 10 miles requires operation 15 dBabove threshold
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Distance (miles)
Po
wer
ove
r T
(T
= 1
5 d
B)
SI = 30 dBl
99
999
999999999
Availability primarily determined by distance from hubReliability depends on redundancy etc
March 2000 21IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Quality of Service
bull Datandash QoS is the percent probability that the customer will perceive the file
transfer rate specified by the provider during any session
ndash High level QoS requires prioritization of packet transfers
ndash Service price options require bandwidth and QoS management
bull Voice (VoIP)ndash Assumption voice encoding will produce voice quality as required
ndash Transport must not reduce voice quality
ndash Prioritization required in packet transfer -- QoS management
bull Providing QoSndash Requirements
bull Scheduling of packets compressed header etc
bull Traffic Engineering operating within QoS capacity
ndash DOCSIS 11 protocol provides hooks for QoS management
bull Scheduler algorithm and air interface enhancements required
bull Proposal DOCSIS-based core for air interface protocol
QoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWAQoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWA
March 2000 22IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
TrafficCapacity Engineering
Applications
Applications
Applications
Data for Transmission
ToBroadbandNetworkShared
RFBandwidth
MACSharingAlgorithm
UserCPETransmission Queues
Pro
babi
lity
of R
ecei
ving
the
Tra
nsm
issi
on R
ate
Transmission Rate
Shared Link Rate
Access for multiplemixed services overone platform
Sharing over platformdepends on managementand engineering
March 2000 23IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Conclusions
bull MMDS is on the verge of mass deploymentbull Success depends on competitive cost model and high quality
service
bull Services include Internet Voice via VoIP and VPNbull Desirable product implementation
ndash TDMAFDD
ndash Multiple modulation rates -- QPSK to 64QAMndash IP-centric
ndash DOCSIS11 with wireless enhancements
bull Products currently available with all or some of the essentialcharacteristics
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
March 2000 15IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
BWA Link LossLink Budget
Transverter Output Power
Hub CPE
Free Space Loss
Actual Link Loss
Antenna Gain
Antenna GainDiplexer Loss
Mar
gin
Cabling Loss
Receiver Noise Floor
Noise Figure
Threshold required for QualityPotentialRequired
Distance
RF
Sig
nal
Lev
el
March 2000 16IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Coverage -- Options
bull Coverage is determined by link budget distance terrain andland use
bull Single cell layout -- Optimum networkbull Maximum reliable coverage range 25 milesbull Flat terrain
bull High power CPE transmitters
bull High cell site antenna positioningbull Advantage Infrastructure backhaul
bull Multi-cell layout -- Useful for difficult terrain very high densitybull Cell coverage range to suit capacity and terrain 5-10 milesbull May be adapted to terrain
bull Lower cell site antennabull Potential for higher level upstream modulation
bull Trade-offs may be made spectrum capacity powerbull Multi-cell penalty infrastructure backhaul
March 2000 17IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Typical Super Cell
Definitionsbull fn=Frequency setbull Each set is 1 Upstream+1 Downstream
bullOther ratios may bepreferred depending on service
bull Reuse factor is 4x
Requirementsbull High Gain Antennasbull Good Side Lobe Rejectionbull Power Control
RFbull 6 BWA RF Channels Required
f1
f2
f3
Frequencies repeated
March 2000 18IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
4 Sectored Multi-Cell Layout forBroadband Wireless Access
4V
1V2V
3V
4V
1V
2V
3V
4H
1H
2H
3H
4H
1H2H
3H 4H
1H2H
3H
4V
1V2V
3V
Definitionsbull1V=Frequency set withVertically Polarized AntennasbullEtc
RequirementsbullHigh Gain AntennasbullGood Side Lobe RejectionbullPower Control
RFbull8 BWA RF Channels minbullFrequency Reuse 1cell
HubCPE
POPBackhaul
March 2000 19IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Potential MDS Evolution for Growth
0
1
2a
3
OR2b
Broadband Growth
MaximizeValue ofSpectrum
Business + SOHOTAF + Consumer
Planned evolution reduces initial investment and risk withupside opportunity to enter new segments
Increasing Capacity
Higher Investment
Customers
March 2000 20IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Link Availability
bull LMDS Link availability determined by distance and interferencebull Calculations based on works of Vigants and Barnett
bull Example shownndash Low interference
ndash QPSK - 16QAM
bull Example conclusionsndash High availability can be achieved at 5 miles
ndash To achieve 4 nines availability at 10 miles requires operation 15 dBabove threshold
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Distance (miles)
Po
wer
ove
r T
(T
= 1
5 d
B)
SI = 30 dBl
99
999
999999999
Availability primarily determined by distance from hubReliability depends on redundancy etc
March 2000 21IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Quality of Service
bull Datandash QoS is the percent probability that the customer will perceive the file
transfer rate specified by the provider during any session
ndash High level QoS requires prioritization of packet transfers
ndash Service price options require bandwidth and QoS management
bull Voice (VoIP)ndash Assumption voice encoding will produce voice quality as required
ndash Transport must not reduce voice quality
ndash Prioritization required in packet transfer -- QoS management
bull Providing QoSndash Requirements
bull Scheduling of packets compressed header etc
bull Traffic Engineering operating within QoS capacity
ndash DOCSIS 11 protocol provides hooks for QoS management
bull Scheduler algorithm and air interface enhancements required
bull Proposal DOCSIS-based core for air interface protocol
QoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWAQoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWA
March 2000 22IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
TrafficCapacity Engineering
Applications
Applications
Applications
Data for Transmission
ToBroadbandNetworkShared
RFBandwidth
MACSharingAlgorithm
UserCPETransmission Queues
Pro
babi
lity
of R
ecei
ving
the
Tra
nsm
issi
on R
ate
Transmission Rate
Shared Link Rate
Access for multiplemixed services overone platform
Sharing over platformdepends on managementand engineering
March 2000 23IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Conclusions
bull MMDS is on the verge of mass deploymentbull Success depends on competitive cost model and high quality
service
bull Services include Internet Voice via VoIP and VPNbull Desirable product implementation
ndash TDMAFDD
ndash Multiple modulation rates -- QPSK to 64QAMndash IP-centric
ndash DOCSIS11 with wireless enhancements
bull Products currently available with all or some of the essentialcharacteristics
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
March 2000 16IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
MMDS Coverage -- Options
bull Coverage is determined by link budget distance terrain andland use
bull Single cell layout -- Optimum networkbull Maximum reliable coverage range 25 milesbull Flat terrain
bull High power CPE transmitters
bull High cell site antenna positioningbull Advantage Infrastructure backhaul
bull Multi-cell layout -- Useful for difficult terrain very high densitybull Cell coverage range to suit capacity and terrain 5-10 milesbull May be adapted to terrain
bull Lower cell site antennabull Potential for higher level upstream modulation
bull Trade-offs may be made spectrum capacity powerbull Multi-cell penalty infrastructure backhaul
March 2000 17IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Typical Super Cell
Definitionsbull fn=Frequency setbull Each set is 1 Upstream+1 Downstream
bullOther ratios may bepreferred depending on service
bull Reuse factor is 4x
Requirementsbull High Gain Antennasbull Good Side Lobe Rejectionbull Power Control
RFbull 6 BWA RF Channels Required
f1
f2
f3
Frequencies repeated
March 2000 18IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
4 Sectored Multi-Cell Layout forBroadband Wireless Access
4V
1V2V
3V
4V
1V
2V
3V
4H
1H
2H
3H
4H
1H2H
3H 4H
1H2H
3H
4V
1V2V
3V
Definitionsbull1V=Frequency set withVertically Polarized AntennasbullEtc
RequirementsbullHigh Gain AntennasbullGood Side Lobe RejectionbullPower Control
RFbull8 BWA RF Channels minbullFrequency Reuse 1cell
HubCPE
POPBackhaul
March 2000 19IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Potential MDS Evolution for Growth
0
1
2a
3
OR2b
Broadband Growth
MaximizeValue ofSpectrum
Business + SOHOTAF + Consumer
Planned evolution reduces initial investment and risk withupside opportunity to enter new segments
Increasing Capacity
Higher Investment
Customers
March 2000 20IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Link Availability
bull LMDS Link availability determined by distance and interferencebull Calculations based on works of Vigants and Barnett
bull Example shownndash Low interference
ndash QPSK - 16QAM
bull Example conclusionsndash High availability can be achieved at 5 miles
ndash To achieve 4 nines availability at 10 miles requires operation 15 dBabove threshold
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Distance (miles)
Po
wer
ove
r T
(T
= 1
5 d
B)
SI = 30 dBl
99
999
999999999
Availability primarily determined by distance from hubReliability depends on redundancy etc
March 2000 21IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Quality of Service
bull Datandash QoS is the percent probability that the customer will perceive the file
transfer rate specified by the provider during any session
ndash High level QoS requires prioritization of packet transfers
ndash Service price options require bandwidth and QoS management
bull Voice (VoIP)ndash Assumption voice encoding will produce voice quality as required
ndash Transport must not reduce voice quality
ndash Prioritization required in packet transfer -- QoS management
bull Providing QoSndash Requirements
bull Scheduling of packets compressed header etc
bull Traffic Engineering operating within QoS capacity
ndash DOCSIS 11 protocol provides hooks for QoS management
bull Scheduler algorithm and air interface enhancements required
bull Proposal DOCSIS-based core for air interface protocol
QoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWAQoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWA
March 2000 22IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
TrafficCapacity Engineering
Applications
Applications
Applications
Data for Transmission
ToBroadbandNetworkShared
RFBandwidth
MACSharingAlgorithm
UserCPETransmission Queues
Pro
babi
lity
of R
ecei
ving
the
Tra
nsm
issi
on R
ate
Transmission Rate
Shared Link Rate
Access for multiplemixed services overone platform
Sharing over platformdepends on managementand engineering
March 2000 23IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Conclusions
bull MMDS is on the verge of mass deploymentbull Success depends on competitive cost model and high quality
service
bull Services include Internet Voice via VoIP and VPNbull Desirable product implementation
ndash TDMAFDD
ndash Multiple modulation rates -- QPSK to 64QAMndash IP-centric
ndash DOCSIS11 with wireless enhancements
bull Products currently available with all or some of the essentialcharacteristics
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
March 2000 17IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Typical Super Cell
Definitionsbull fn=Frequency setbull Each set is 1 Upstream+1 Downstream
bullOther ratios may bepreferred depending on service
bull Reuse factor is 4x
Requirementsbull High Gain Antennasbull Good Side Lobe Rejectionbull Power Control
RFbull 6 BWA RF Channels Required
f1
f2
f3
Frequencies repeated
March 2000 18IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
4 Sectored Multi-Cell Layout forBroadband Wireless Access
4V
1V2V
3V
4V
1V
2V
3V
4H
1H
2H
3H
4H
1H2H
3H 4H
1H2H
3H
4V
1V2V
3V
Definitionsbull1V=Frequency set withVertically Polarized AntennasbullEtc
RequirementsbullHigh Gain AntennasbullGood Side Lobe RejectionbullPower Control
RFbull8 BWA RF Channels minbullFrequency Reuse 1cell
HubCPE
POPBackhaul
March 2000 19IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Potential MDS Evolution for Growth
0
1
2a
3
OR2b
Broadband Growth
MaximizeValue ofSpectrum
Business + SOHOTAF + Consumer
Planned evolution reduces initial investment and risk withupside opportunity to enter new segments
Increasing Capacity
Higher Investment
Customers
March 2000 20IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Link Availability
bull LMDS Link availability determined by distance and interferencebull Calculations based on works of Vigants and Barnett
bull Example shownndash Low interference
ndash QPSK - 16QAM
bull Example conclusionsndash High availability can be achieved at 5 miles
ndash To achieve 4 nines availability at 10 miles requires operation 15 dBabove threshold
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Distance (miles)
Po
wer
ove
r T
(T
= 1
5 d
B)
SI = 30 dBl
99
999
999999999
Availability primarily determined by distance from hubReliability depends on redundancy etc
March 2000 21IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Quality of Service
bull Datandash QoS is the percent probability that the customer will perceive the file
transfer rate specified by the provider during any session
ndash High level QoS requires prioritization of packet transfers
ndash Service price options require bandwidth and QoS management
bull Voice (VoIP)ndash Assumption voice encoding will produce voice quality as required
ndash Transport must not reduce voice quality
ndash Prioritization required in packet transfer -- QoS management
bull Providing QoSndash Requirements
bull Scheduling of packets compressed header etc
bull Traffic Engineering operating within QoS capacity
ndash DOCSIS 11 protocol provides hooks for QoS management
bull Scheduler algorithm and air interface enhancements required
bull Proposal DOCSIS-based core for air interface protocol
QoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWAQoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWA
March 2000 22IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
TrafficCapacity Engineering
Applications
Applications
Applications
Data for Transmission
ToBroadbandNetworkShared
RFBandwidth
MACSharingAlgorithm
UserCPETransmission Queues
Pro
babi
lity
of R
ecei
ving
the
Tra
nsm
issi
on R
ate
Transmission Rate
Shared Link Rate
Access for multiplemixed services overone platform
Sharing over platformdepends on managementand engineering
March 2000 23IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Conclusions
bull MMDS is on the verge of mass deploymentbull Success depends on competitive cost model and high quality
service
bull Services include Internet Voice via VoIP and VPNbull Desirable product implementation
ndash TDMAFDD
ndash Multiple modulation rates -- QPSK to 64QAMndash IP-centric
ndash DOCSIS11 with wireless enhancements
bull Products currently available with all or some of the essentialcharacteristics
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
March 2000 18IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
4 Sectored Multi-Cell Layout forBroadband Wireless Access
4V
1V2V
3V
4V
1V
2V
3V
4H
1H
2H
3H
4H
1H2H
3H 4H
1H2H
3H
4V
1V2V
3V
Definitionsbull1V=Frequency set withVertically Polarized AntennasbullEtc
RequirementsbullHigh Gain AntennasbullGood Side Lobe RejectionbullPower Control
RFbull8 BWA RF Channels minbullFrequency Reuse 1cell
HubCPE
POPBackhaul
March 2000 19IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Potential MDS Evolution for Growth
0
1
2a
3
OR2b
Broadband Growth
MaximizeValue ofSpectrum
Business + SOHOTAF + Consumer
Planned evolution reduces initial investment and risk withupside opportunity to enter new segments
Increasing Capacity
Higher Investment
Customers
March 2000 20IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Link Availability
bull LMDS Link availability determined by distance and interferencebull Calculations based on works of Vigants and Barnett
bull Example shownndash Low interference
ndash QPSK - 16QAM
bull Example conclusionsndash High availability can be achieved at 5 miles
ndash To achieve 4 nines availability at 10 miles requires operation 15 dBabove threshold
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Distance (miles)
Po
wer
ove
r T
(T
= 1
5 d
B)
SI = 30 dBl
99
999
999999999
Availability primarily determined by distance from hubReliability depends on redundancy etc
March 2000 21IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Quality of Service
bull Datandash QoS is the percent probability that the customer will perceive the file
transfer rate specified by the provider during any session
ndash High level QoS requires prioritization of packet transfers
ndash Service price options require bandwidth and QoS management
bull Voice (VoIP)ndash Assumption voice encoding will produce voice quality as required
ndash Transport must not reduce voice quality
ndash Prioritization required in packet transfer -- QoS management
bull Providing QoSndash Requirements
bull Scheduling of packets compressed header etc
bull Traffic Engineering operating within QoS capacity
ndash DOCSIS 11 protocol provides hooks for QoS management
bull Scheduler algorithm and air interface enhancements required
bull Proposal DOCSIS-based core for air interface protocol
QoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWAQoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWA
March 2000 22IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
TrafficCapacity Engineering
Applications
Applications
Applications
Data for Transmission
ToBroadbandNetworkShared
RFBandwidth
MACSharingAlgorithm
UserCPETransmission Queues
Pro
babi
lity
of R
ecei
ving
the
Tra
nsm
issi
on R
ate
Transmission Rate
Shared Link Rate
Access for multiplemixed services overone platform
Sharing over platformdepends on managementand engineering
March 2000 23IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Conclusions
bull MMDS is on the verge of mass deploymentbull Success depends on competitive cost model and high quality
service
bull Services include Internet Voice via VoIP and VPNbull Desirable product implementation
ndash TDMAFDD
ndash Multiple modulation rates -- QPSK to 64QAMndash IP-centric
ndash DOCSIS11 with wireless enhancements
bull Products currently available with all or some of the essentialcharacteristics
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
March 2000 19IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Potential MDS Evolution for Growth
0
1
2a
3
OR2b
Broadband Growth
MaximizeValue ofSpectrum
Business + SOHOTAF + Consumer
Planned evolution reduces initial investment and risk withupside opportunity to enter new segments
Increasing Capacity
Higher Investment
Customers
March 2000 20IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Link Availability
bull LMDS Link availability determined by distance and interferencebull Calculations based on works of Vigants and Barnett
bull Example shownndash Low interference
ndash QPSK - 16QAM
bull Example conclusionsndash High availability can be achieved at 5 miles
ndash To achieve 4 nines availability at 10 miles requires operation 15 dBabove threshold
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Distance (miles)
Po
wer
ove
r T
(T
= 1
5 d
B)
SI = 30 dBl
99
999
999999999
Availability primarily determined by distance from hubReliability depends on redundancy etc
March 2000 21IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Quality of Service
bull Datandash QoS is the percent probability that the customer will perceive the file
transfer rate specified by the provider during any session
ndash High level QoS requires prioritization of packet transfers
ndash Service price options require bandwidth and QoS management
bull Voice (VoIP)ndash Assumption voice encoding will produce voice quality as required
ndash Transport must not reduce voice quality
ndash Prioritization required in packet transfer -- QoS management
bull Providing QoSndash Requirements
bull Scheduling of packets compressed header etc
bull Traffic Engineering operating within QoS capacity
ndash DOCSIS 11 protocol provides hooks for QoS management
bull Scheduler algorithm and air interface enhancements required
bull Proposal DOCSIS-based core for air interface protocol
QoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWAQoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWA
March 2000 22IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
TrafficCapacity Engineering
Applications
Applications
Applications
Data for Transmission
ToBroadbandNetworkShared
RFBandwidth
MACSharingAlgorithm
UserCPETransmission Queues
Pro
babi
lity
of R
ecei
ving
the
Tra
nsm
issi
on R
ate
Transmission Rate
Shared Link Rate
Access for multiplemixed services overone platform
Sharing over platformdepends on managementand engineering
March 2000 23IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Conclusions
bull MMDS is on the verge of mass deploymentbull Success depends on competitive cost model and high quality
service
bull Services include Internet Voice via VoIP and VPNbull Desirable product implementation
ndash TDMAFDD
ndash Multiple modulation rates -- QPSK to 64QAMndash IP-centric
ndash DOCSIS11 with wireless enhancements
bull Products currently available with all or some of the essentialcharacteristics
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
March 2000 20IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Link Availability
bull LMDS Link availability determined by distance and interferencebull Calculations based on works of Vigants and Barnett
bull Example shownndash Low interference
ndash QPSK - 16QAM
bull Example conclusionsndash High availability can be achieved at 5 miles
ndash To achieve 4 nines availability at 10 miles requires operation 15 dBabove threshold
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Distance (miles)
Po
wer
ove
r T
(T
= 1
5 d
B)
SI = 30 dBl
99
999
999999999
Availability primarily determined by distance from hubReliability depends on redundancy etc
March 2000 21IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Quality of Service
bull Datandash QoS is the percent probability that the customer will perceive the file
transfer rate specified by the provider during any session
ndash High level QoS requires prioritization of packet transfers
ndash Service price options require bandwidth and QoS management
bull Voice (VoIP)ndash Assumption voice encoding will produce voice quality as required
ndash Transport must not reduce voice quality
ndash Prioritization required in packet transfer -- QoS management
bull Providing QoSndash Requirements
bull Scheduling of packets compressed header etc
bull Traffic Engineering operating within QoS capacity
ndash DOCSIS 11 protocol provides hooks for QoS management
bull Scheduler algorithm and air interface enhancements required
bull Proposal DOCSIS-based core for air interface protocol
QoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWAQoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWA
March 2000 22IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
TrafficCapacity Engineering
Applications
Applications
Applications
Data for Transmission
ToBroadbandNetworkShared
RFBandwidth
MACSharingAlgorithm
UserCPETransmission Queues
Pro
babi
lity
of R
ecei
ving
the
Tra
nsm
issi
on R
ate
Transmission Rate
Shared Link Rate
Access for multiplemixed services overone platform
Sharing over platformdepends on managementand engineering
March 2000 23IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Conclusions
bull MMDS is on the verge of mass deploymentbull Success depends on competitive cost model and high quality
service
bull Services include Internet Voice via VoIP and VPNbull Desirable product implementation
ndash TDMAFDD
ndash Multiple modulation rates -- QPSK to 64QAMndash IP-centric
ndash DOCSIS11 with wireless enhancements
bull Products currently available with all or some of the essentialcharacteristics
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
March 2000 21IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Quality of Service
bull Datandash QoS is the percent probability that the customer will perceive the file
transfer rate specified by the provider during any session
ndash High level QoS requires prioritization of packet transfers
ndash Service price options require bandwidth and QoS management
bull Voice (VoIP)ndash Assumption voice encoding will produce voice quality as required
ndash Transport must not reduce voice quality
ndash Prioritization required in packet transfer -- QoS management
bull Providing QoSndash Requirements
bull Scheduling of packets compressed header etc
bull Traffic Engineering operating within QoS capacity
ndash DOCSIS 11 protocol provides hooks for QoS management
bull Scheduler algorithm and air interface enhancements required
bull Proposal DOCSIS-based core for air interface protocol
QoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWAQoS is the business enabler for Sub10GHz BWA
March 2000 22IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
TrafficCapacity Engineering
Applications
Applications
Applications
Data for Transmission
ToBroadbandNetworkShared
RFBandwidth
MACSharingAlgorithm
UserCPETransmission Queues
Pro
babi
lity
of R
ecei
ving
the
Tra
nsm
issi
on R
ate
Transmission Rate
Shared Link Rate
Access for multiplemixed services overone platform
Sharing over platformdepends on managementand engineering
March 2000 23IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Conclusions
bull MMDS is on the verge of mass deploymentbull Success depends on competitive cost model and high quality
service
bull Services include Internet Voice via VoIP and VPNbull Desirable product implementation
ndash TDMAFDD
ndash Multiple modulation rates -- QPSK to 64QAMndash IP-centric
ndash DOCSIS11 with wireless enhancements
bull Products currently available with all or some of the essentialcharacteristics
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
March 2000 22IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
TrafficCapacity Engineering
Applications
Applications
Applications
Data for Transmission
ToBroadbandNetworkShared
RFBandwidth
MACSharingAlgorithm
UserCPETransmission Queues
Pro
babi
lity
of R
ecei
ving
the
Tra
nsm
issi
on R
ate
Transmission Rate
Shared Link Rate
Access for multiplemixed services overone platform
Sharing over platformdepends on managementand engineering
March 2000 23IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Conclusions
bull MMDS is on the verge of mass deploymentbull Success depends on competitive cost model and high quality
service
bull Services include Internet Voice via VoIP and VPNbull Desirable product implementation
ndash TDMAFDD
ndash Multiple modulation rates -- QPSK to 64QAMndash IP-centric
ndash DOCSIS11 with wireless enhancements
bull Products currently available with all or some of the essentialcharacteristics
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
March 2000 23IEEE802163 Sub10GHz BWA
Conclusions
bull MMDS is on the verge of mass deploymentbull Success depends on competitive cost model and high quality
service
bull Services include Internet Voice via VoIP and VPNbull Desirable product implementation
ndash TDMAFDD
ndash Multiple modulation rates -- QPSK to 64QAMndash IP-centric
ndash DOCSIS11 with wireless enhancements
bull Products currently available with all or some of the essentialcharacteristics
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
An Air Interface Standard will lead to multiple suppliers and costeffective addressing of the mass market
