[IEEE 2012 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2012) - Washington, DC, USA...
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An International Comparison of 50/60 Hz Reactive Power Meter Calibrations between NRC, NIST, CENAM, NIM, and KRISS E. So 1 , D. Angelo 1 , T. Nelson 2 , B.C. Waltrip 2 , S. Campos 3 , A. Castruita 3 , R. Carranza 3 , L. Wang 4 , M. Li 4 , Z. Lu 4 , Y.T. Park 5 , and W.M.S.Wijesinghe 5 1 National Research Council of Canada, 2 National Institute of Standards and Technology USA, 3 Centro Nacional de Metrologia Mexico, 4 National Institute of Metrology China, 5 Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science, S. Korea Abstract – A number of international comparisons of active power meter calibrations were conducted in the past. This paper addresses the international comparison of reactive power meter calibrations at 120 V, 5 A, 50/60 Hz, and power factors 0.5 lead/lag, and zero lead/lag, between 5 NMIs; 3 from the SIM metrology region (NRC, NIST, CENAM) and 2 from the APMP metrology region (NIM and KRISS). Index Terms — International comparison, reactive power meter calibrations. I. INTRODUCTION A number of international comparisons of power meter calibrations at power frequencies were conducted in the past, all of them being done for active power/energy at 120 V and 5 A. Comparison measurements of electrical quantities using different and independently developed calibration systems are highly relevant to the establishment and maintenance of the basic standards and associated measurement procedures at the national metrology laboratories. Such comparisons not only inspire confidence in the assignment of a value to a standard but through the investigation of residual discrepancies lead to overall improvement. Since the expenses for developing several calibration systems are prohibitive for any institution alone, international comparisons are regularly made between many metrology laboratories. These comparisons also ensure international consistency of measurements and contribute to the establishment of a generally acknowledged level of attainable measurement certainty. In addition, they usually demonstrate the actual state of the art in calibrating the involved transfer devices. II. TRANSFER STANDARD The inter-comparisons are implemented by means of a transfer standard that may be calibrated under more or less identical conditions, and the results then compared. Inter- comparisons are often stimulated by the announcement of a more stable transfer device. Such a device has been introduced commercially and is based on a specially designed integrating analog to digital signal converter, which has been acquired by NIST. Its performance has been evaluated and appears to have a stability and repeatability of about 1 μW/VA. This new transfer device is used in this inter- comparison of reactive power meter calibrations between the 5 NMIs (NRC, NIST, CENAM, NIM, and KRISS). The first 3 NMIs are from the SIM metrology region and the last 2 NMIs are from the APMP metrology region. III. INTERCOMPARISON OF REACTIVE POWER METER CALIBRATIONS The objective of the reactive power meter calibration comparison was to perform the comparison at 120 V and 5 A at power factors of 0.5 lead/lag, 0.0 lead/lag, (where lead/lag indicates that the current waveform leads/lags the voltage waveform), and 50 Hz and 60 Hz. However, instead of 50 Hz, it was decided to perform the comparison at 53 Hz, close to the power frequency of most countries in Asia and Europe, but far enough away to avoid annoying beat frequency problems. To eventually have a possible link of this reactive power meter calibrations to the last key comparison in 50/60 Hz active power measurements CCEM-K5 that was piloted by NIST in years 1996-1999 [1], tests for active power measurements at 120 V, 5 A, power factors of 1.0, 0.5 lead/lag, and 53/60 Hz were also included. A brief description of the different calibration system that was developed at each NMI for the inter-comparison will also be presented. IV. CONCLUSION The results of the international comparison of reactive power meter calibrations at 120 V, 5 A, 50/60 Hz, and power factors 0.5 lead/lag, and zero lead/lag, between 5 NMIs will be presented at the conference, including a brief description of the different calibration system that was developed at each NMI for the inter-comparison will also be presented. 205 978-1-4673-0442-9/12/$31.00 ©2012 IEEE
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An International Comparison of 50/60 Hz Reactive Power Meter Calibrations between NRC, NIST, CENAM, NIM, and KRISS
E. So1, D. Angelo1, T. Nelson2, B.C. Waltrip2, S. Campos3, A. Castruita3, R. Carranza3, L. Wang4, M. Li4, Z. Lu4, Y.T. Park5, and W.M.S.Wijesinghe5
1National Research Council of Canada, 2National Institute of Standards and Technology USA,
3Centro Nacional de Metrologia Mexico, 4National Institute of Metrology China, 5Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science, S. Korea
Abstract – A number of international comparisons of active power meter calibrations were conducted in the past. This paper addresses the international comparison of reactive power meter calibrations at 120 V, 5 A, 50/60 Hz, and power factors 0.5 lead/lag, and zero lead/lag, between 5 NMIs; 3 from the SIM metrology region (NRC, NIST, CENAM) and 2 from the APMP metrology region (NIM and KRISS).
Index Terms — International comparison, reactive power meter calibrations.
I. INTRODUCTION
A number of international comparisons of power meter calibrations at power frequencies were conducted in the past, all of them being done for active power/energy at 120 V and 5 A.
Comparison measurements of electrical quantities using different and independently developed calibration systems are highly relevant to the establishment and maintenance of the basic standards and associated measurement procedures at the national metrology laboratories. Such comparisons not only inspire confidence in the assignment of a value to a standard but through the investigation of residual discrepancies lead to overall improvement. Since the expenses for developing several calibration systems are prohibitive for any institution alone, international comparisons are regularly made between many metrology laboratories. These comparisons also ensure international consistency of measurements and contribute to the establishment of a generally acknowledged level of attainable measurement certainty. In addition, they usually demonstrate the actual state of the art in calibrating the involved transfer devices.
II. TRANSFER STANDARD
The inter-comparisons are implemented by means of a
transfer standard that may be calibrated under more or less identical conditions, and the results then compared. Inter-comparisons are often stimulated by the announcement of a more stable transfer device. Such a device has been
introduced commercially and is based on a specially designed integrating analog to digital signal converter, which has been acquired by NIST. Its performance has been evaluated and appears to have a stability and repeatability of about 1 µW/VA. This new transfer device is used in this inter-comparison of reactive power meter calibrations between the 5 NMIs (NRC, NIST, CENAM, NIM, and KRISS). The first 3 NMIs are from the SIM metrology region and the last 2 NMIs are from the APMP metrology region.
III. INTERCOMPARISON OF REACTIVE POWER
METER CALIBRATIONS The objective of the reactive power meter calibration
comparison was to perform the comparison at 120 V and 5 A at power factors of 0.5 lead/lag, 0.0 lead/lag, (where lead/lag indicates that the current waveform leads/lags the voltage waveform), and 50 Hz and 60 Hz. However, instead of 50 Hz, it was decided to perform the comparison at 53 Hz, close to the power frequency of most countries in Asia and Europe, but far enough away to avoid annoying beat frequency problems. To eventually have a possible link of this reactive power meter calibrations to the last key comparison in 50/60 Hz active power measurements CCEM-K5 that was piloted by NIST in years 1996-1999 [1], tests for active power measurements at 120 V, 5 A, power factors of 1.0, 0.5 lead/lag, and 53/60 Hz were also included.
A brief description of the different calibration system that was developed at each NMI for the inter-comparison will also be presented.
IV. CONCLUSION
The results of the international comparison of reactive
power meter calibrations at 120 V, 5 A, 50/60 Hz, and power factors 0.5 lead/lag, and zero lead/lag, between 5 NMIs will be presented at the conference, including a brief description of the different calibration system that was developed at each NMI for the inter-comparison will also be presented.
205978-1-4673-0442-9/12/$31.00 ©2012 IEEE
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The support of Rejean Arseneau from NRC in facilitating
the comparison is greatly appreciated.
REFERENCES [1] N. Oldham, T. Nelson, R. Bergeest, G. Ramm, R. Carranza, A.
C. Corney, M. Gibbes, G. Kyriazis, H. M. Laiz, L. X. Liu, Z. Lu, U. Pogliano, K. E. Rydler, E. Shapiro, E. So, M. Temba and P. Wright, “An International Comparison of 50/60 Hz Power (1996-1999)”, IEEE Trans. Instrum. and Meas., vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 356-360, April 2001.
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