[IEEE 2010 2nd International Conference on Future Computer and Communication - Wuhan, China...

May 12, 2010 17:39 RPS : Trim Size: 8.50in x 11.00in (IEEE) icfcc2010-lineup˙vol-3: F1586

A New Type of Computer Network Architecture

Junhui ZhengCollege of Computer Science and

Technology Southwest University for

Nationalities Chengdu, P. R. China

[email protected]

Yan Wang*

College of Computer Science and Engineering

University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, P.R. China

[email protected]

Jianyang Li College of Computer Science and

Technology Southwest University for

Nationalities Chengdu, P. R. China [email protected]

Abstract—As the size keeps increasing and applications keep developing, current Internet and TCP/IP are facing severe technical challenges. It is not secure, hard to use, and unpredictable. The shortages of architecture of current Internet have created barriers rather than stimulant to further developments. To resolve the problems of current Internet, this paper proposes a new type of non-layered network architecture, which is called Service Combination based Network Architecture.

Keywords- network architecture; Service Combination; communication model; end system;

I. INTRODUCTION

Network architecture investigation is the most basal work in the research of network. It is very important to the performance and development of network. Some literatures [1-2] have made detailed analysis on network architecture. Nowadays the architecture of Internet does not satisfy the further development of Internet applications. As we have seen, it is impeding the development of Internet applications. Researches on the high-performance network architecture have been addressed since the 90’s of the 20th century. For instance, D. Clark, D. Tennenhouse et al proposed ALF (Application Level Frame) in 1990 [3] and Active Network Technique in 1996 [4]. Later, A. Lazar proposed a programmable network model [5]. These researches on optimizing network performance are based on layered architectures. So it is difficult for them to solve the problems that are inherent in layer-based networks.

So some scholars have been investigating new types of network architectures. The main works include Object-Oriented Network Architecture framework [6-7], NEWARCH [8-9], GENI project of America [10-12] and FIND [13-14] project.Object-Oriented Network Architecture s proposed by Stefan Boecking. It is still a layered Network Architecture and the purpose of it is to satisfy the different requirements of network performance and Qos by different applications. The most obvious difference from OSI model is that the number and the function of layers are not prescribed in Object-Oriented Network Architecture. NEWARCH is a project established by DARPA, the objective of which is to develop a fortified Internet Network Architecture. Role based Architecture, which is a non-layered network architecture is proposed by NEWARCH. GENI is a project

brought forward by NSF of America and their investigation aim is to reconsider functions of network and design new network architecture and services. FIND project is also brought forword by NSF of America and its most favorate characteristic is that it design a new type of network architecture according to the requirements of future society from scratch.

Service Combination Based Network Architecture (SCNA) proposed by this paper is a new type of non-layered network architecture. A Service Unit (SU) is a minimal entity (hardware or software) that provides services without any exposure of its inner details. They could provide services by the method of Service Combination. The most different characteristic of a SU from a layer is that the SU merely provide services while a layer not only offers services but also requests services. The services from SUs are implemented by service data units (SDUs), which are also titled packages. SU can be the sender (source), receiver (destination), forwarder or transformer.

II. PROBLEMS OF LAYERED NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

The main problems of Layered Architecture Network are summarized as following: 1) The repeated encoding and decoding for checking

errors can not enhance the checking capacity. The total checking capacity is equivalent to the capacity of the strongest layer.

2) The addresses of the layers are iterative. In a network, there should only have two types of address: interface address and port address. In Layered Architecture Network, we could see, MAC address and IP address are interface addresses. The Inconsistent of them produces the redundant overhead of ARP and RARP.

3) If the priority and classification of different layers are same, they are redundant. Otherwise, it will likely lead to confusion.

4) The markers of the layers are unwanted. 5) Multilayer leads to a overhead of repeated patch. 6) The total length of each layer’s packet head is very

long, which reduces the efficiency. For instance, in TCP/IP, the total length of each layer’s packet head is 58 sizes excluding the options of TCP layer and IP layer and the filled sizes of Ethernet.

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Figure 1. The Communication Model of Service Combination based Network Architecture

III. SERVICE COMBINATION BASED NETWORK

ARCHITECTURE

A. The Communication Model of Service Combination based Network Architecture

In Layered Network Architecture, the modules are called layers. Each layer not only accepts services of the layers below, but also provides services to its upper layer. The relationship of layers is prescribed and fixed.

In view of the problems of Layered Network Architecture, we make some simplifications as following.

1) The head of the produced packet only includes type and priority fields.

2) Error Checking is performed only once at the NIC. 3) Transforms such as encryption, authentication,

compression and decompression is allowed and these transforms can be optional.

The Data model of Service Combination based Network Architecture is shown in the Fig.1.

The sending converter and receiving converter of the model are composed of packet transform units with single function, such as Encryption unit, checking encode unit, NIC sending unit, NIC receiving unit, checking decode unit and decryption unit. Packet source, packet destination and all kinds of packet transform units provide packet communication services to applications and users by the method of Service Combination. So they are called Service Units, which are the basic module of Service Unit

Architecture. There are different Service Units such as Packet Source Service Unit, Packet Destination Service Unit, Encryption Service Unit and so on. All kinds of Service Units are basic modules of Service Combination based Network Architecture.

Service Unit only provides services but don’t accept services. The relationship of Service Units is Service Combination. “Service” mentioned above is referred to “Packet Communication Service”.

B. Definition of Service Unit

Service Combination based Network Architecture is amodularized architecture where a Packet Communication Service Unit is used as the basic module.

The main characteristics of Service Unit are described as following. 1) The SU is the entity of hardware or software that

provides unit services and hides its internal details. The SU provides services but doesn’t receive any services. The relationship among SUs is none but Service Combination.

2) The services provided by SUs are Packet Communication Services. That is, SU is the Producer (also called sender or Packet Source), Receiver (also called Packet Destination), transmitter or transformer.

Encryption

Packet source

Packet destination

Network channel …… ……

Receiving converter Sending converter

Checking encode

Checking decode

NIC sending

NIC receiving

Decryption

SDU SDU SDU

System Call

Packet Source/Packet Destination

Transform packet

SDU

Produce packet/transmission table

SDU SDU SDU SDU

SDU SDU

The first type The second type The third type The fourth type The fifth type

SDU SDU



Find problem andrequest corporation

Meet packet

Resolve problem andrespond corporation

Meet packet andchange topology

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Figure 2. Service Unit Mode

Figure 3. End system model

C. Classification of Service Unit

Service Unit is classified into five types according to the type of Packet Communication provided and the way of starting service, shown as Fig.2. Packet Source produces packet format and fill packet type, priority, virtual circuit number/ node address and port number, data, sequence number etc. Packet transforming SU transforms the data and some fields of packet head and fills the transforming parameters into the packet before sending a packet. When receiving, transforming parameters are removed from the packet through reverse transform.

D. End system model

End system model is shown in Fig.3. The function descriptions of the components are as follows:

1) Packet Source is the producer of message packets. It turns user’s data into packets or produces control packets. 2) Transmitter is also known as the Send Converter. It turns message packets into signal packets that are suitable for transmission in the channel, NIC for instance.

3) Network Channel is composed by medium and routers (or switches) that are based on packet switching, similar to the telephone channel, which is composed by medium and program-controlled switches on a basis of circuit switching. Here noise drawn outside the channel refers to exterior interference, interior noise and distortion.

4) Receiver is also known as the Receive Converter. It receives packets which are infected by noise, interference and distortion transmitted by the channel and recovers the original message packets. The operation of it is contrary to that of send converter.

5) Packet Destination is the receiver of message packets. It receives packets and turns it into user’s data or receives control packets and deal with them.

The actions of producing packets by a Packet Source and receiving packets by a Packet Destination are started by system calls or customer’s commands.

E. Router/switch Model

Router/switch Model is shown in Fig.4.The function descriptions of router/switch are as follows:

1) The forwarding tables are produced by software. 2) Transmit packets according to forwarding tables.

Router is composed by software and buses. The transmission function of switch is executed by switch matrixes.

In this model, we put Source Trees instead of Routing Tables in the routers. A Source Tree is denoted simply by the nodes and some pairs of brackets. Through this sequence, you can quickly and easily find the best paths. Compared with Routing Tables, Source Trees sequences occupy a small storage capacity. It is about a half of that of the Routing Tables. If considering the mask, it is about a quarter of that of the Routing Tables. While it contains much more messages than the Routing Tables. Furthermore, there is no necessary to transform Source Trees into Routing Tables.

There are two types of packet transmission manners: datagram transmitting manner and VC transmitting manner. A forwarding table of the former is called routing table. Take IP for example, it produces routing table by protocols of OSPF, RIP and BGP. When a packet needs to be transmitted, a switch (router) will search the routing table according to the destination address for the next hopping address and port by longest address prefix matching approach. Then the packet is enveloped by MAC. The forwarding table of VC transmitting manner is called VC table. For example, when a packet needs to be transmitted in ATM and MPLS network, the next hopping VC number

Packet source

Packet destinat

ion

Transmitter

Receiver

Send packet

Send data

System call and command

Send packet Channel

Receive packet

Application software

Receive data

Receive packet

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and port number will be gained by searching VC table according to the VC number of the packet. Then the VC number of the packet is rewritten and the packet is transmitted to the next port.

IV. CONCLUSION

Computer network architecture is a high abstract of various Computer network systems. So it is strict to discuss Computer network architecture with computer network model. In this paper, a simplified model is presented, which is simplified from layered network architecture. Then Service Combination based Network Architecture is deduced from the simplified model. Because Service Combination based Network Architecture is a simplified architecture of layered network architecture, it has higher efficiency and better Scalability than layered network architecture.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This work was supported by the National Program of High-tech Research Development (863 Program, No. 2007AA01Z443) and Science and Technology Plan Project in Guangdong Province(No. 2009A080204007).

REFERENCES

[1] Ma, Bin. A facilitate layered network architecture model for pervasive grid. Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Communication Software and Networks, ICCSN 2009, pp. 773-776

[2] Wang Yan, Xia Mengqin, Yi Fasheng, Zeng Jiazhi. Research on new types of network architecture. Proceedings - Sixth International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies, 2005, pp.149-153

[3] D. Clark and D. Tennenhouse, “Architectural Considerations for a New Generation of Protocols”, Proceedings of Sigcomm-90, pp. 200-208 1990

[4] D. Tennenhouse and D. Wetherall, “Towards an Active Network Architecture”, Computer Communication Review, Vol. 26, No.2, April 1996

[5] A. Lazar, “Programming Telecommunication Networks”, Proc. 5 th International Workshop on Quality of Service (IWQOS'97), USA, pp. 3-24, 1997

[6] Boecking S. Performance and software evaluation of the modular TIP communication system. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 1996, Vol.1, pp. 73-77

[7] Boecking S. Object-oriented network protocols. IEEE INFOCOM, 1997, Vol.3, pp.1245-1252

[8] Braden B, Faber T, Handley M. From Protocol Stack to Protocol Heap - Role-Based Architecture. Computer Communication Review: 2003, 33(1), pp. 17- 22

[9] Clark David, Wroclawski John, Sollins Karen R, et al. Tussle in cyberspace: Defining tomorrow's internet, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking,13(3), June 2005, pp. 462-475

[10] Peterson L, Anderson T, Blumenthal D, et al. GENI design principles. Computer, 2006, 39(9), pp. 102-105

[11] L. Peterson, T. Anderson, D. Blumenthal, D. Casey, D. Clark, D. Estrin, J. Evans, D. Raychaudhuri, M. Reiter, J. Rexford, S. Shenker, and J. Wroclawski, “GENI design principles,” IEEE Computer Magazine, 2006.

[12] Goth G. Will GENI be a magic lamp or a dim bulb? IEEE Internet Computing, 2005, 9(6), pp. 7-9

[13] PAnja Feldmann. Internet clean-slate design : what and why? ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review .2007, 37(3),59-64

[14] “Future INternet Design (FIND).” http: //www.nsf.gov/pubs/2007/ nsf07507/nsf07507.htm.

Figure 4. Router/switch model

TransmitterRouting protocol/Source

routing

Retransmission table (Files of data diagram)

Retransmission

Receiver1

Receiver n

Transmitter 1

Transmitter n

Flooding or equivalence

Lookup table

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